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Non invasive jacketed telemetry in socially-housed rats for a combined assessment of respiratory system, electrocardiogram and activity using the DECRO system. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2022; 117:107195. [PMID: 35779850 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory and cardiovascular systems are among the vital organ systems that should be studied in safety pharmacology core battery test. Non-invasive jacketed external telemetry technology that enables concomitant monitoring of both systems has been available and used widely for non-rodent species. Recently, the DECRO system, a miniaturized technology system in line with the "3Rs" principles, has been developed to provide a similar approach in rats. However, data to evaluate this system in socially-housed rats is lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the tolerability and the material integrity of this novel solution in pair-housed rats in two conditions: i) in a single session of 22 h simulating a stand-alone safety pharmacology study design, and ii) in three repeated sessions of 22 h each, simulating the inclusion of safety pharmacology endpoints in a 1-month toxicology study. In both conditions, the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen was used as a reference compound inducing cardiorespiratory changes. Our results provided evidence that this novel solution was well tolerated, the material was resistant to deterioration and that it allowed the accurate recording, in a non-invasive manner, of cardiorespiratory parameters and activity level in freely moving, pair-housed rats in the above two conditions. In addition, the expected respiratory depressant effects of baclofen were recorded. These results pave the way for considering this novel solution as an enhanced approach for nonclinical safety assessment in rats.
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2
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Validation of gluteus medius muscle electromyographic (EMG) recording by telemetry in socialized cynomolgus monkeys. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Implementation of DSI FinePointe® whole body plethysmography method in freely moving rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Investigation of orthostatic hypotension in conscious dogs within the context of regulatory toxicology studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Cardiovascular Monitoring in the Conscious Young Rabbit Using Telemetry. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Evaluation of iPrecio — Dual Channel pump: A safety pharmacology study case in the Gottingen Minipig. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Electromyographic telemetry monitoring of SXN101959, a targeted secretion inhibitor (TSI) in the Sprague–Dawley rat. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Electromyographic telemetry monitoring of SXN101959, a Targeted-Secretion Inhibitor (TSI) in the cynomolgus monkey. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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The use of the new PhysioTel™ Digital Telemetry Implant (DSI) for cardiovascular assessment in the Göttingen Minipig: A preliminary study. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Monitoring of arterial blood pressure in the freely moving Göttingen minipig with minimally invasive methods: Pharmacological validation with isoprenaline. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Telemetric assessment of respiratory function by thoracic impedance pneumography in the anesthetized beagle dog: Comparison with ambulatory standard methods and pharmacological validation with hypercapnia, morphine and buspirone. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Telemetric assessment of minimally invasive arterial blood pressure in the minipig: Validation with isoprenaline. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2011.03.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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ECG acquisition in freely-moving cynomolgus monkeys using external telemetry for toxicology (ET2) system versus conventional (snapshot) ECG recording in chair-restrained animals. Sensitivity validation with dofetilide, a QT-interval prolonging drug. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Urodynamics telemetry: A tool for investigating the urinary bladder function in conscious cynomolgus monkey. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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ECG data acquisition by external telemetry for toxicology (ET2) in freely moving dogs: Validation by comparison with invasive telemetry. Toxicol Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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The Application of UV-Radioactivity High Performance Liquid Chromatography to the Study of Hypoxanthine Transport in Human Erythrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918408074023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Capillary electrophoretic analysis of hypoxanthine and xanthine for the diagnosis of xanthinuria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1998; 431:765-7. [PMID: 9598166 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5381-6_146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Comparison of capillary electrophoretic and liquid chromatographic determination of hypoxanthine and xanthine for the diagnosis of xanthinuria. J Chromatogr A 1996; 730:329-31. [PMID: 8680593 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)01086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for the determination of hypoxanthine and xanthine in urine was developed to diagnose xanthinuria. The linearity was excellent up to 200 mumol l-1 for the two compounds and the limit of quantitation was 2 mumol l-1. A comparison o the results obtained using CE was made with those obtained by the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique described previously. With regard to specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility, the results are similar but CE is more rapid than HPLC.
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20
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Liquid-chromatographic study of purine metabolism abnormalities in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Clin Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/42.2.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Using HPLC methods, we measured the concentrations of nucleosides and nucleotides for a patient with no purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP; EC 2.4.2.1) enzymatic activity. Concentrations of inosine and guanosine were abnormally high in urine and plasma, whereas guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) concentrations in erythrocytes were depleted. The unusual presence of deoxyribonucleosides (deoxyinosine and deoxyguanosine) and deoxyribonucleotides (dGDP and dGTP) was also notable. Thus, HPLC represents an accurate and useful tool for the study of purine metabolic disorders.
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Liquid-chromatographic study of purine metabolism abnormalities in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Clin Chem 1996; 42:326-8. [PMID: 8595732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Using HPLC methods, we measured the concentrations of nucleosides and nucleotides for a patient with no purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP; EC 2.4.2.1) enzymatic activity. Concentrations of inosine and guanosine were abnormally high in urine and plasma, whereas guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) concentrations in erythrocytes were depleted. The unusual presence of deoxyribonucleosides (deoxyinosine and deoxyguanosine) and deoxyribonucleotides (dGDP and dGTP) was also notable. Thus, HPLC represents an accurate and useful tool for the study of purine metabolic disorders.
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22
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Preface. PHARMACY WORLD & SCIENCE 1995; 17:K4-K4. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01875184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
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23
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Capillary electrophoretic analysis of DNA restriction fragments and PCR products for polymorphism and mutation studies in cystic fibrosis and Gaucher's disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1995; 13:511-4. [PMID: 9696564 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01314-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two methods are described for the analysis of DNA restriction fragments and PCR products in studies on polymorphism and mutation in cystic fibrosis and Guacher's disease, based on capillary electrophoresis. In one CE system, a Beckman kit for producing a chemical gel (polymerized within the capillary) is used for single-stranded DNA fragments from 10 to 300 bases in size. Its performance was demonstrated on the separation of a mixture of polydeoxyadenylic acids p(dA)40-60 at 30 degrees C. Electrokinetic injection was used (5-7 kV for 5-20 s), the applied field being 300 V cm-1 for an effective length of 7, 20 or 30 cm and 100 microns i.d., with Tris-borate buffer containing urea. Typical electropherograms are presented for the analysis of CF mutation delta F508 in PCR products from homozygous and heterozygous individuals, illustrating the resolution of two complementary single strands (95b and 95b) of a DNA fragment. DNA fragments differing in size by only one base could also be resolved, as shown for the 105b and 106b fragments obtained from a heterozygote for 3905 insT CF mutation, with a run time of ca-45 min. If discrimination were only required between fragments differing by two or more bases, run times could be reduced by 6 when using a capillary length of only 7 cm x 100 microns i.d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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24
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Abnormal purine and pyrimidine metabolism in inherited superactivity of PRPP synthetase. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1995; 370:15-8. [PMID: 7660879 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2584-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of thiopurine metabolites of azathioprine in biological fluids. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 615:352-6. [PMID: 8335716 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A selective and sensitive reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of thiopurine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides in biological samples was developed. A simple and rapid sample treatment procedure using perchloric acid deproteinization with dithiothreitol for the analysis of thiopurine bases and nucleosides is presented. The addition of dithiothreitol during sample collection and treatment improves recoveries. This procedure also allows the determination of thiopurine nucleotides by hydrolysis to their free bases after heating of the perchloric acid extract. The method was applied to the analysis of thiopurine metabolites in plasma and erythrocytes from lung-transplant patients under azathioprine therapy.
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26
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[Polyethylene glycol-adenosine deaminase: a new adenosine deaminase deficiency therapy. Value of deoxyadenosine triphosphate determination for therapeutic monitoring]. Therapie 1991; 46:323-6. [PMID: 1948809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of polyethylene glycol-adenosine deaminase (PEG-ADA) therapy on biochemical, immunological and clinical abnormalities in an ADA-deficit child with severe combined immunodeficiency has been studied. Following PEG-ADA therapy, total lymphocytes, lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4 and CD8) and the response of lymphocytes to non specific mitogens increase significantly. The improvement of immunological functions is closely related to a decrease of erythrocyte deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) concentrations. This study shows that PEG-ADA therapy is sufficiently effective to reduce and to maintain erythrocyte dATP levels at values compatible with normal immune functions. PEG-ADA represents an important progress for the treatment of ADA deficiency associated with severe combined immunodeficiency disease.
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27
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Effect of polyethylene glycol-modified adenosine deaminase (PEG-ADA) therapy in two ADA-deficient children: measurement of erythrocyte deoxyadenosine triphosphate as a useful tool. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1991; 309A:173-6. [PMID: 1789201 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-2638-8_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Comparison of red cell transfusion and polyethylene glycol-modified adenosine deaminase therapy in an adenosine deaminase-deficient child: measurement of erythrocyte deoxyadenosine triphosphate as a useful tool. Pediatr Res 1990; 28:127-30. [PMID: 2395602 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199008000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of red cell transfusion and polyethylene glycol-modified adenosine deaminase therapy on biochemical abnormalities, clinical status, and immunologic function in an adenosine deaminase-deficient child was investigated. After red cell transfusions, erythrocyte deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) concentrations decreased about 95% and were closely related to adenosine deaminase activities; deoxyadenosine diphosphate concentrations decreased only approximately 30%. The evolution of dATP levels was also closely related to the improvement in clinical status of the patient. However, immune function was not restored. After polyethylene glycol-modified adenosine deaminase therapy, the concentration of erythrocyte dATP decreased to undetectable levels correlated with an increase of T lymphocyte counts and an increase of lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Immune functions were restored only when dATP levels were below 15 mumols/L. It appears that red cell transfusion therapy is not sufficiently effective to reduce and maintain erythrocyte dATP levels at values compatible with normal immune function. On the contrary, polyethylene glycol-modified adenosine deaminase therapy is a suitable treatment to reduce dATP levels to near undetectable values, allowing the immune function to be restored, dATP measurement is a very useful tool for monitoring and evaluating the degree of efficiency of therapy in adenosine deaminase deficiency.
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Abstract
The clinical and biochemical features of five cases of alcaptonuria were reported. The concentration of homogentisic acid was determined in urine and also in plasma using a rapid, sensitive and specific HPLC method. In all five cases, the concentrations of homogentisic acid were elevated in urine rising up to 46.5 mmol/24 h. In plasma, homogentisic acid levels ranged from 33 to 38 mumols/l. In healthy individuals, homogentisic acid was not detectable in plasma and urine. The method described represents a very useful and suitable analytical tool for the diagnosis of alcaptonuria.
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30
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Effect of red cell transfusions on clinical, immunological and biochemical parameters of a child with adenosine deaminase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 1990; 13:229-30. [PMID: 2116555 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Abstract
In this rapid, specific, and sensitive high-performance liquid-chromatographic method of analysis for homogentisic acid in biological fluids, homogentisic acid is separated on a column of Nucleosil CN. This method, which we applied to the diagnosis of three cases of alcaptonuria, represents a suitable analytical tool for the diagnosis of alcaptonuria.
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32
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Homogentisic acid determined in biological fluids by HPLC. Clin Chem 1989; 35:321-2. [PMID: 2914385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this rapid, specific, and sensitive high-performance liquid-chromatographic method of analysis for homogentisic acid in biological fluids, homogentisic acid is separated on a column of Nucleosil CN. This method, which we applied to the diagnosis of three cases of alcaptonuria, represents a suitable analytical tool for the diagnosis of alcaptonuria.
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High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of purine and pyrimidine bases, ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides in biological fluids. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1985; 339:380-7. [PMID: 3891765 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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35
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Liquid-chromatographic measurement of purine nucleotides in blood cells. Clin Chem 1985; 31:727-31. [PMID: 3886194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this anion-exchange "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method of analysis for purine nucleotides, the nucleotides are separated with high efficiency and selectivity on a weak anion exchanger (Hypersil APS 2, 3-micron particle size) by elution with a gradient of eluent pH and concentration. Applying this method to analysis for these compounds in human blood cells, we determined them in a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency who was treated with a bone-marrow transplantation, finding that the transplantation did not entirely correct the patient's abnormalities of purine metabolism.
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Abstract
Abstract
In this anion-exchange "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method of analysis for purine nucleotides, the nucleotides are separated with high efficiency and selectivity on a weak anion exchanger (Hypersil APS 2, 3-micron particle size) by elution with a gradient of eluent pH and concentration. Applying this method to analysis for these compounds in human blood cells, we determined them in a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency who was treated with a bone-marrow transplantation, finding that the transplantation did not entirely correct the patient's abnormalities of purine metabolism.
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37
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Combined deficiency of xanthine oxidase and sulphite oxidase: diagnosis of a new case followed by an antenatal diagnosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 1985; 8 Suppl 2:117-8. [PMID: 3930856 DOI: 10.1007/bf01811486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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38
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Hypoxanthine and xanthine concentrations determined by high performance liquid chromatography in biological fluids from patients with xanthinuria. Clin Chim Acta 1984; 142:83-9. [PMID: 6478626 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(84)90103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, we report the biochemical features of six cases of xanthinuria. For these studies, the concentrations of hypoxanthine and xanthine have been measured in urine, plasma and also erythrocyte samples by a rapid, sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. The analyses of plasma and erythrocyte samples require a very sensitive method relative to physiological concentrations and rigorous sampling conditions in order to achieve accurate results. In the cases reported in the literature, total oxypurine levels (hypoxanthine + xanthine) have been generally measured in plasma and urine by an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. In our studies, using HPLC, we found that xanthine is the major oxypurine compound in plasma and urine samples from patients with xanthinuria. In erythrocytes, a biological sample which has not been analysed up to now, we found that xanthine is present at high concentrations whereas it is not detectable in erythrocytes from healthy subjects.
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Simultaneous determination of allopurinol, oxipurinol, hypoxanthine and xanthine in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1984; 307:469-74. [PMID: 6736196 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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40
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Hypoxanthine and xanthine levels determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in plasma, erythrocyte, and urine samples from healthy subjects: the problem of hypoxanthine level evolution as a function of time. Anal Biochem 1983; 129:398-404. [PMID: 6846839 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The levels of hypoxanthine and xanthine are determined in plasma, erythrocyte, and urine samples by a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. The hypoxanthine concentration increases in erythrocyte and plasma samples when whole blood is stored at room temperature between sampling and centrifugation. Furthermore, the hypoxanthine concentration increases in erythrocyte samples when they are kept apart at room temperature before analysis, whereas the plasma hypoxanthine level remains constant. This result proves an endogenous formation of hypoxanthine in erythrocytes with time, at room temperature. These studies show the necessity of rigorous conditions for the collection, transport, and treatment of blood samples. In order to achieve accurate results, the blood must be centrifuged immediately after collection. The erythrocyte and plasma samples must be stored frozen until deproteinization and HPLC analysis. Under these conditions, the concentrations of hypoxanthine and xanthine in plasma are 2.5 +/- 1 and 1.4 +/- 0.7 microM, respectively. In erythrocyte samples, hypoxanthine concentration reaches 8.0 +/- 6.2 microM.
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High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hypoxanthine and xanthine in biological fluids. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1982; 233:131-40. [PMID: 6897651 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and selective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of hypoxanthine and xanthine in biological fluids was developed. The identification of hypoxanthine and xanthine was confirmed by xanthine oxidase reaction. This method was applied to the investigation of purine metabolism in subjects with xanthine oxidase deficiency or gout. Hypoxanthine concentrations three to ten times higher than those determined in plasma were found in erythrocyte samples from normal subjects and from patients with xanthine oxidase deficiency or hyperuricemia under allopurinol therapy.
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[Hyponatremia and theophylline in very low birthweight premature infants]. ARCHIVES FRANCAISES DE PEDIATRIE 1982; 39:419-22. [PMID: 7149887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A retrospective study of the occurrence of hyponatremia (i.e. less than 135 mmol/l) was carried out in 17 control preterm neonates and 25 infants treated with theophylline. These infants had a birthweight lower than 1,301 g and a gestational age less than 36 weeks. Despite a similar sodium and water intake in both groups, hyponatremia was detected at the age of 7-8 days in 37% infants treated with theophylline and none of the control infants. Their mean weight loss was 11% with theophylline and 5% in the controls. These data suggest that theophylline may play a role in the occurrence of hyponatremia of very low birthweight infants.
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Abstract
Plasma concentrations of theophylline and caffeine in seven premature neonates receiving theophylline orally for treatment of apnea at age one to 9 days were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of caffeine increased from 1.8 mg/l (range = 0.1 to 3.7) at day one to 3.7 mg/l (1.3 to 8.0) seven days after initiation of theophylline therapy. Similarly, plasma concentrations of theophylline were 4.6 mg/l (1.5 to 7.5) and 11.0 mg/l (4.0 to 19.0) on days one and 7 of theophylline therapy, respectively. In contrast, four normal adult volunteers given theophylline orally for eight to ten days had plasma theophylline concentrations ranging from 3 to 14 mg/l but no measurable caffeine. This indicates that caffeine is a biotransformation product of theophylline in premature neonates and that the metabolic pathway followed by theophylline in premature infants includes a methylation reaction producing caffeine, whereas in adults, the major metabolic pathway involves oxidative reactions (demethylation and oxidation). Some pharmacologic effects attributed to theophylline during chronic therapy for apnea may in part be due to caffeine. Routine monitoring during theophylline therapy in premature neonates with apnea should include plasma concentrations of both theophylline and caffeine in order to assess the total methylxanthine load.
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[Acute theophylline poisoning in an 18-month-old infant. Evidence of partial methylation into caffeine]. PEDIATRIE 1979; 34:273-84. [PMID: 492869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Comparison of the EMIT test with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of phenobarbital in serum. Clin Chim Acta 1978; 86:1-5. [PMID: 350454 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(78)90451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The new enzyme immunoassay technique (EMIT) is compared to high-performance liquid chromatography used for determining phenobarbital in serum. After resuming the methods of both techniques, we compare the results of 116 sera collected from patients receiving treatment for epilepsy. The equation of the correlation curve is: HPLC = 0.98 EMIT + 0.12. The reliability characteristics are comparable. The enzyme immunoassay technique is less specific but more practicable.
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[Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in low birth weight newborn infants]. PEDIATRIE 1977; 32:677-84. [PMID: 928035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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