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Yusuf D, Butland SL, Swanson MI, Bolotin E, Ticoll A, Cheung WA, Zhang XYC, Dickman CTD, Fulton DL, Lim JS, Schnabl JM, Ramos OHP, Vasseur-Cognet M, de Leeuw CN, Simpson EM, Ryffel GU, Lam EWF, Kist R, Wilson MSC, Marco-Ferreres R, Brosens JJ, Beccari LL, Bovolenta P, Benayoun BA, Monteiro LJ, Schwenen HDC, Grontved L, Wederell E, Mandrup S, Veitia RA, Chakravarthy H, Hoodless PA, Mancarelli MM, Torbett BE, Banham AH, Reddy SP, Cullum RL, Liedtke M, Tschan MP, Vaz M, Rizzino A, Zannini M, Frietze S, Farnham PJ, Eijkelenboom A, Brown PJ, Laperrière D, Leprince D, de Cristofaro T, Prince KL, Putker M, del Peso L, Camenisch G, Wenger RH, Mikula M, Rozendaal M, Mader S, Ostrowski J, Rhodes SJ, Van Rechem C, Boulay G, Olechnowicz SWZ, Breslin MB, Lan MS, Nanan KK, Wegner M, Hou J, Mullen RD, Colvin SC, Noy PJ, Webb CF, Witek ME, Ferrell S, Daniel JM, Park J, Waldman SA, Peet DJ, Taggart M, Jayaraman PS, Karrich JJ, Blom B, Vesuna F, O'Geen H, Sun Y, Gronostajski RM, Woodcroft MW, Hough MR, Chen E, Europe-Finner GN, Karolczak-Bayatti M, Bailey J, Hankinson O, Raman V, LeBrun DP, Biswal S, Harvey CJ, DeBruyne JP, Hogenesch JB, Hevner RF, Héligon C, Luo XM, Blank MC, Millen KJ, Sharlin DS, Forrest D, Dahlman-Wright K, Zhao C, Mishima Y, Sinha S, Chakrabarti R, Portales-Casamar E, Sladek FM, Bradley PH, Wasserman WW. The transcription factor encyclopedia. Genome Biol 2012; 13:R24. [PMID: 22458515 PMCID: PMC3439975 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2012-13-3-r24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present the Transcription Factor Encyclopedia (TFe), a new web-based compendium of mini review articles on transcription factors (TFs) that is founded on the principles of open access and collaboration. Our consortium of over 100 researchers has collectively contributed over 130 mini review articles on pertinent human, mouse and rat TFs. Notable features of the TFe website include a high-quality PDF generator and web API for programmatic data retrieval. TFe aims to rapidly educate scientists about the TFs they encounter through the delivery of succinct summaries written and vetted by experts in the field. TFe is available at http://www.cisreg.ca/tfe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Yusuf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Ny A, Koch M, Schneider M, Neven E, Tong RT, Maity S, Fischer C, Plaisance S, Lambrechts D, Héligon C, Terclavers S, Ciesiolka M, Kälin R, Man WY, Senn I, Wyns S, Lupu F, Brändli A, Vleminckx K, Collen D, Dewerchin M, Conway EM, Moons L, Jain RK, Carmeliet P. A genetic Xenopus laevis tadpole model to study lymphangiogenesis. Nat Med 2005; 11:998-1004. [PMID: 16116431 DOI: 10.1038/nm1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lymph vessels control fluid homeostasis, immunity and metastasis. Unraveling the molecular basis of lymphangiogenesis has been hampered by the lack of a small animal model that can be genetically manipulated. Here, we show that Xenopus tadpoles develop lymph vessels from lymphangioblasts or, through transdifferentiation, from venous endothelial cells. Lymphangiography showed that these lymph vessels drain lymph, through the lymph heart, to the venous circulation. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of the lymphangiogenic factor Prox1 caused lymph vessel defects and lymphedema by impairing lymphatic commitment. Knockdown of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) also induced lymph vessel defects and lymphedema, but primarily by affecting migration of lymphatic endothelial cells. Knockdown of VEGF-C also resulted in aberrant blood vessel formation in tadpoles. This tadpole model offers opportunities for the discovery of new regulators of lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelii Ny
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Center for Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N, Herestraat 49, KULeuven, Leuven, B-3000
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Maurus D, Héligon C, Bürger-Schwärzler A, Brändli AW, Kühl M. Noncanonical Wnt-4 signaling and EAF2 are required for eye development in Xenopus laevis. EMBO J 2005; 24:1181-91. [PMID: 15775981 PMCID: PMC556406 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt-4 is expressed in developing neural and renal tissue and is required for renal tubulogenesis in mouse and Xenopus. The function of Wnt-4 in neural differentiation is unknown so far. Here we demonstrate that Wnt-4 is required for eye development in Xenopus laevis. This effect of Wnt-4 depends on the activation of a beta-catenin-independent, noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway. Furthermore, we report the identification of EAF2, a component of the ELL-mediated RNA polymerase II elongation factor complex, as a target gene of Wnt-4 signaling. EAF2 is specifically expressed in the eye and EAF2 expression was dependent on Wnt-4 function. Loss of EAF2 function results in loss of eyes and loss of Wnt-4 function could be rescued by EAF2. In neuralized animal caps, EAF2 has properties characteristic for an RNA polymerase II elongation factor regulating the expression of the eye-specific transcription factor Rx. These data add a new layer of complexity to our understanding of eye development and give further evidence for the importance of noncanonical Wnt pathways in organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Maurus
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christophe Héligon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - André W Brändli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kühl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are well known mitogens, both in vivo and in vitro, while functions in cellular differentiation have also been indicated. Here, we demonstrate a new role for the IGF pathway in regulating head formation in Xenopus embryos. Both IGF-1 and IGF-2, along with their receptor IGF-1R, are expressed early during embryogenesis, and the IGF-1R is present particularly in anterior and dorsal structures. Overexpression of IGF-1 leads to anterior expansion of head neural tissue as well as formation of ectopic eyes and cement gland, while IGF-1 receptor depletion using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides drastically reduces head structures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IGF signaling exerts this effect by antagonizing the activity of the Wnt signal transduction pathway in the early embryo, at the level of beta-catenin. Thus, the IGF pathway is required for head formation during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Richard-Parpaillon
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, United Kingdom
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