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Omar SZ, van Hoeven V, Haverkate NJE, Van der Meer JMR, Voermans C, Blom B, Hazenberg MD. Source of hematopoietic progenitor cells determines their capacity to generate innate lymphoid cells ex vivo. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:334-339. [PMID: 38363249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as therapy for hematologic conditions is negatively impacted by the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Tissue damage, caused, for example, by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, is a key factor in GVHD pathogenesis. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important mediators of tissue repair and homeostasis. The presence of ILCs before, and enhanced ILC reconstitution after, allogeneic HCT is associated with a reduced risk to develop mucositis and GVHD. However, ILC reconstitution after allogeneic HCT is slow and often incomplete. A way to replenish the pool of ILC relies on the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) into ILC. METHODS We developed an ex vivo stromal cell-containing culture system to study the capacity of HPCs to differentiate into all mature helper ILC subsets. RESULTS ILC development depended on the source of HPCs. ILCs developed at high frequencies from umbilical cord blood- and fetal liver-derived HPC and at low frequencies when HPCs were obtained from allogeneic or autologous adult HCT grafts or healthy adult bone marrow. Although all helper ILC subsets could be generated from adult HPC sources, development of tissue protective ILC2 and NKp44+ ILC3 was notoriously difficult. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that slow ILC recovery after allogeneic HCT may be related to an intrinsic incapability of adult HPC to develop into ILC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Z Omar
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera van Hoeven
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke J E Haverkate
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien M R Van der Meer
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Van der Meer JMR, Bulder I, Kuijk C, Kleijer M, Verheij MW, Omar SZ, Haverkate NJE, Dolstra H, Blom B, Hazenberg MD, Voermans C. Generation of human ILC3 from allogeneic and autologous CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors toward adoptive transfer. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:136-144. [PMID: 38149947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are important in tissue homeostasis. In the gut, ILC3 repair damaged epithelium and suppress inflammation. In allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), ILC3 protect against graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), most likely by restoring tissue damage and preventing inflammation. We hypothesize that supplementing HCT grafts with interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing ILC3 may prevent acute GvHD. We therefore explored ex vivo generation of human IL-22-producing ILC3 from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) obtained from adult, neonatal and fetal sources. We established a stroma-free system culturing human cord blood-derived CD34+ HSPC with successive cytokine mixes for 5 weeks. We analyzed the presence of phenotypically defined ILC, their viability, proliferation and IL-22 production (after stimulation) by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that the addition of recombinant human IL-15 and the enhancer of zeste homolog 1/2 inhibitor UNC1999 promoted ILC3 generation. Similar results were demonstrated when UNC1999 was added to CD34+ HSPC derived from healthy adult granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized peripheral blood and bone marrow, but not fetal liver. UNC1999 did not negatively impact IL-22 production in any of the HSPC sources. Finally, we observed that autologous HSPC mobilized from the blood of adults with hematological malignancies also developed into ILC3, albeit with a significantly lower capacity. Together, we developed a stroma-free protocol to generate large quantities of IL-22-producing ILC3 from healthy adult human HSPC that can be applied for adoptive transfer to prevent GvHD after allogeneic HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien M R Van der Meer
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Bulder
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Kuijk
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Kleijer
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Myrddin W Verheij
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Said Z Omar
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke J E Haverkate
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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3
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Resop RS, Salvatore B, Kim SJ, Gordon BR, Blom B, Vatakis DN, Uittenbogaart CH. HIV-1 Infection Results in Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Dysregulation in the Human Thymus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13865. [PMID: 37762169 PMCID: PMC10531245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of functional naïve T lymphocytes following the onset of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a crucial issue for people living with HIV (PLWH), even when adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Thus far, reports on the impact of HIV-1 infection on the entry of thymic precursors and the egress of functional naïve T lymphocytes to and from the thymus are limited. We examined the impact of HIV-1 on Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling, which governs the egress of functional naïve thymocytes from the thymus to the periphery. Using in vitro experiments with primary human thymocytes and in vivo and ex vivo studies with humanized mice, we show that HIV-1 infection results in upregulation of the expression of S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) in the human thymus. Intriguingly, this upregulation occurs during intrathymic infection (direct infection of the human thymic implant) as well as systemic infection in humanized mice. Moreover, considering the dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in infected thymi, the increased expression of S1PR1 in response to in vitro exposure to Interferon-Beta (IFN-β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) indicates that cytokine dysregulation following HIV infection may contribute to upregulation of S1PR1. Finally, an increased presence of CD3hiCD69- (fully mature) as well as CD3hiCD69+ (less mature) T cells in the spleen during HIV infection in humanized mice, combined with earlier expression of S1PR1 during thymocyte development, suggests that upregulation of S1PR1 may translate to increased or accelerated egress from the thymus. The egress of thymocytes that are not functionally mature from the thymus to peripheral blood and lymphoid organs may have implications for the immune function of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Resop
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.S.R.); (B.S.); (S.J.K.)
- UCLA AIDS Institute and Center for AIDS Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Bradley Salvatore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.S.R.); (B.S.); (S.J.K.)
| | - Shawn J. Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.S.R.); (B.S.); (S.J.K.)
| | - Brent R. Gordon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.S.R.); (B.S.); (S.J.K.)
| | - Bianca Blom
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Dimitrios N. Vatakis
- UCLA AIDS Institute and Center for AIDS Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christel H. Uittenbogaart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.S.R.); (B.S.); (S.J.K.)
- UCLA AIDS Institute and Center for AIDS Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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4
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van Lier YF, Rolling T, Armijo GK, Zhai B, Haverkate NJE, Meijer E, Nur E, Blom B, Peled JU, van den Brink MRM, Hohl TM, Hazenberg MD, Markey KA. Profiling the Fungal Microbiome after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Graft-versus-Host Disease: Insights from a Phase 1 Interventional Study. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:63.e1-63.e5. [PMID: 36280104 PMCID: PMC10190111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal bacterial microbiota is frequently observed in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and is particularly pronounced in patients who develop graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Donor fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) restores gut microbial diversity and reduces GVHD in HCT recipients. The composition of the intestinal fungal community in patients with GVHD, and whether fungal taxa are transferred during FMT are currently unknown. We performed a secondary analysis of our clinical trial of FMT in patients with steroid-refractory GVHD with a focus on the mycobiota. We characterized the fecal mycobiota of 17 patients and healthy FMT donors using internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing. The donor who provided the majority of FMT material in our study represents an n-of-one study of the intestinal flora over time. In this donor, mycobiota composition fluctuated over time while the bacterial microbiota remained stable over 16 months. Fungal DNA was detected more frequently in baseline stool samples from patients with steroid-refractory GVHD than in patients with steroid-dependent GVHD. We could detect fungal taxa in the majority of samples but did not see evidence of mycobiota transfer from donor to recipient. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of profiling the mycobiota alongside the more traditional bacterial microbiota, establishes the methodology, and provides a first insight into the mycobiota composition of patients with GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannouck F van Lier
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry Rolling
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Clinical Development Infectious Diseases, BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabriel K Armijo
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bing Zhai
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nienke J E Haverkate
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Meijer
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erfan Nur
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kate A Markey
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington; Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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5
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Abstract
Many patients with hematological malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia, receive an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to cure their underlying condition. Allogeneic HCT recipients are exposed to various elements during the pre-, peri- and post-transplant period that can disrupt intestinal microbiota, including chemo- and radiotherapy, antibiotics, and dietary changes. The dysbiotic post-HCT microbiome is characterized by low fecal microbial diversity, loss of anaerobic commensals, and intestinal domination, particularly by Enterococcus species, and is associated with poor transplant outcomes. Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a frequent complication of allogeneic HCT caused by immunologic disparity between donor and host cells and results in tissue damage and inflammation. Microbiota injury is particularly pronounced in allogeneic HCT recipients who go on to develop GvHD. At present, manipulation of the microbiome for example, via dietary interventions, antibiotic stewardship, prebiotics, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation, is widely being explored to prevent or treat gastrointestinal GvHD. This review discusses current insights into the role of the microbiome in GvHD pathogenesis and summarizes interventions to prevent and treat microbiota injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannouck F. van Lier
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaël Vos
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mette D. Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,CONTACT Mette D. Hazenberg Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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6
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van Lier YF, Krabbendam L, Haverkate NJE, Zeerleder SS, Rutten CE, Blom B, Spits H, Hazenberg MD. GATA2 haploinsufficient patients lack innate lymphoid cells that arise after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020590. [PMID: 36268026 PMCID: PMC9577555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are important barrier tissue immune regulators. They play a pivotal role in early non-specific protection against infiltrating pathogens, regulation of epithelial integrity, suppression of pro-inflammatory immune responses and shaping the intestinal microbiota. GATA2 haploinsufficiency causes an immune disorder that is characterized by bone marrow failure and (near) absence of monocytes, dendritic cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells. T cells develop normally, albeit at lower numbers. Here, we describe the absence of ILCs and their progenitors in blood and bone marrow of two patients with GATA2 haploinsufficiency and show that all subsets of ILCs appear after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, irrespective of the preparative conditioning regimen. Our data indicate that GATA2 is involved in the development of hematopoietic precursor cells (HPC) towards the ILC lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. F. van Lier
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Institute (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L. Krabbendam
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Institute (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - N. J. E. Haverkate
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Institute (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S. S. Zeerleder
- Department of Hematology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, and University of Bern, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - C. E. Rutten
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B. Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Institute (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H. Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Institute (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. D. Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Institute (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: M. D. Hazenberg,
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7
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Morgana F, Opstelten R, Slot MC, Scott AM, van Lier RAW, Blom B, Mahfouz A, Amsen D. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Discrete Steps in Regulatory T Cell Development in the Human Thymus. J Immunol 2022; 208:384-395. [PMID: 34937744 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells control immunological tolerance. Treg cells are generated in the thymus (tTreg) or in the periphery. Their superior lineage fidelity makes tTregs the preferred cell type for adoptive cell therapy (ACT). How human tTreg cells develop is incompletely understood. By combining single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry, we in this study delineated three major Treg developmental stages in the human thymus. At the first stage, which we propose to name pre-Treg I, cells still express lineage-inappropriate genes and exhibit signs of TCR signaling, presumably reflecting recognition of self-antigen. The subsequent pre-Treg II stage is marked by the sharp appearance of transcription factor FOXO1 and features induction of KLF2 and CCR7, in apparent preparation for thymic exit. The pre-Treg II stage can further be refined based on the sequential acquisition of surface markers CD31 and GPA33. The expression of CD45RA, finally, completes the phenotype also found on mature recent thymic emigrant Treg cells. Remarkably, the thymus contains a substantial fraction of recirculating mature effector Treg cells, distinguishable by expression of inflammatory chemokine receptors and absence of CCR7. The developmental origin of these cells is unclear and warrants caution when using thymic tissue as a source of stable cells for ACT. We show that cells in the major developmental stages can be distinguished using the surface markers CD1a, CD27, CCR7, and CD39, allowing for their viable isolation. These insights help identify fully mature tTreg cells for ACT and can serve as a basis for further mechanistic studies into tTreg development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Morgana
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Opstelten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon C Slot
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumor Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - René A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; and
| | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; .,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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8
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Kroeze A, van Hoeven V, Verheij MW, Turksma AW, Weterings N, van Gassen S, Zeerleder SS, Blom B, Voermans C, Hazenberg MD. Presence of innate lymphoid cells in allogeneic hematopoietic grafts correlates with reduced graft-versus-host disease. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:302-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Espíndola ODM, Siteur-van Rijnstra E, Frankin E, Weijer K, van der Velden YU, Berkhout B, Blom B, Villaudy J. Early Effects of HTLV-1 Infection on the Activation, Exhaustion, and Differentiation of T-Cells in Humanized NSG Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102514. [PMID: 34685494 PMCID: PMC8534134 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignancy of CD4+ T-cells associated with HTLV-1 infection. In this study, we used the model of immunodeficient NSG mice reconstituted with a functional human immune system (HIS) to investigate early events in HTLV-1 pathogenesis. Upon infection, human T-cells rapidly increased in the blood and lymphoid tissues, particularly CD4+CD25+ T-cells. Proliferation of CD4+ T-cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) correlated with HTLV-1 proviral load and CD25 expression. In addition, splenomegaly, a common feature of ATLL in humans, was also observed. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells predominantly displayed an effector memory phenotype (CD45RA−CCR7−) and expressed CXCR3 and CCR5 chemokine receptors, suggesting the polarization into a Th1 phenotype. Activated CD8+ T-cells expressed granzyme B and perforin; however, the interferon-γ response by these cells was limited, possibly due to elevated PD-1 expression and increased frequency of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells in MLN. Thus, HTLV-1-infected HIS-NSG mice reproduced several characteristics of infection in humans, and it may be helpful to investigate ATLL-related events and to perform preclinical studies. Moreover, aspects of chronic infection were already present at early stages in this experimental model. Collectively, we suggest that HTLV-1 infection modulates host immune responses to favor viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio de Melo Espíndola
- Laboratory for Clinical Research in Neuroinfections, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.S.-v.R.); (E.F.); (K.W.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Esther Siteur-van Rijnstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.S.-v.R.); (E.F.); (K.W.); (B.B.)
| | - Esmay Frankin
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.S.-v.R.); (E.F.); (K.W.); (B.B.)
| | - Kees Weijer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.S.-v.R.); (E.F.); (K.W.); (B.B.)
| | - Yme Ubeles van der Velden
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.U.v.d.V.); (B.B.); (J.V.)
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.U.v.d.V.); (B.B.); (J.V.)
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.S.-v.R.); (E.F.); (K.W.); (B.B.)
| | - Julien Villaudy
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.U.v.d.V.); (B.B.); (J.V.)
- J&S Preclinical Solutions, 5345 RR Oss, The Netherlands
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10
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van Lier YF, Davids M, Haverkate NJE, de Groot PF, Donker ML, Meijer E, Heubel-Moenen FCJI, Nur E, Zeerleder SS, Nieuwdorp M, Blom B, Hazenberg MD. Donor fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates intestinal graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/556/eaaz8926. [PMID: 32801142 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz8926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal microbiota occurs frequently in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients and predisposes them to development of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). In a prospective, single-center, single-arm study, we investigated the effect of donor fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on symptoms of steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent, acute or late-onset acute intestinal GvHD in 15 individuals who had undergone allo-HCT. Study participants received a fecal suspension from an unrelated healthy donor via nasoduodenal infusion. Donor FMT was well tolerated, and infection-related adverse events did not seem to be related to the FMT procedure. In 10 of 15 study participants, a complete clinical response was observed within 1 month after FMT, without additional interventions to alleviate GvHD symptoms. This response was accompanied by an increase in gut microbial α-diversity, a partial engraftment of donor bacterial species, and increased abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, including Clostridiales and Blautia species. In 6 of the 10 responding donor FMT recipients, immunosuppressant drug therapy was successfully tapered. Durable remission of steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent GvHD after donor FMT was associated with improved survival at 24 weeks after donor FMT. This study highlights the potential of donor FMT as a treatment for steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent GvHD, but larger clinical trials are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannouck F van Lier
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark Davids
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nienke J E Haverkate
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter F de Groot
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein L Donker
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Meijer
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Erfan Nur
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sacha S Zeerleder
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR), Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Mjösberg J, Roncarolo MG, Blom B. Hergen Spits-A legend at the top of his career. Allergy 2021; 76:1925-1928. [PMID: 33751599 DOI: 10.1111/all.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine (CDCM) Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII)Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC, location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
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12
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Kenswil KJG, Pisterzi P, Sánchez-Duffhues G, van Dijk C, Lolli A, Knuth C, Vanchin B, Jaramillo AC, Hoogenboezem RM, Sanders MA, Feyen J, Cupedo T, Costa IG, Li R, Bindels EMJ, Lodder K, Blom B, Bos PK, Goumans MJ, Ten Dijke P, Farrell E, Krenning G, Raaijmakers MHGP. Endothelium-derived stromal cells contribute to hematopoietic bone marrow niche formation. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:653-670.e11. [PMID: 33561425 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) play pivotal roles in tissue maintenance and regeneration. Their origins, however, remain incompletely understood. Here we identify rare LNGFR+ cells in human fetal and regenerative bone marrow that co-express endothelial and stromal markers. This endothelial subpopulation displays transcriptional reprogramming consistent with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and can generate multipotent stromal cells that reconstitute the bone marrow (BM) niche upon transplantation. Single-cell transcriptomics and lineage tracing in mice confirm robust and sustained contributions of EndoMT to bone precursor and hematopoietic niche pools. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is overexpressed in subsets of EndoMT cells and drives this conversion process through ST2 receptor signaling. These data reveal generation of tissue-forming BMSCs from mouse and human endothelial cells and may be instructive for approaches to human tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Pisterzi
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Claire van Dijk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Lolli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, the Netherlands
| | - Callie Knuth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, the Netherlands
| | - Byambasuren Vanchin
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mathijs Arnoud Sanders
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Feyen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Ronghui Li
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | | | - Kirsten Lodder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koen Bos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015CE, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
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13
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Opstelten R, de Kivit S, Slot MC, van den Biggelaar M, Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ D, Gliwiński M, Scott AM, Blom B, Trzonkowski P, Borst J, Cuadrado E, Amsen D. GPA33: A Marker to Identify Stable Human Regulatory T Cells. J I 2020; 204:3139-3148. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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van Hoeven V, Munneke JM, Cornelissen AS, Omar SZ, Spruit MJ, Kleijer M, Bernink JH, Blom B, Voermans C, Hazenberg MD. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Stimulate the Proliferation and IL-22 Production of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells. J Immunol 2018; 201:1165-1173. [PMID: 29980610 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infusion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a promising and increasingly applied therapy for patients who suffer from a variety of inflammatory diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a common and life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The therapeutic effect of MSCs is mainly ascribed to their ability to suppress T cells and to support tissue repair. However, clinical response rates in patients with GvHD are limited to 50%, and the determinants for MSC responsiveness are unknown. We recently reported that high frequencies of activated group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) before and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were associated with a lower risk of GvHD. This may be related to IL-22 production by ILC3s, a cytokine important for intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis. In this study, we investigated whether ILC3s may contribute to the therapeutic effect of MSCs by studying the interaction between MSCs and ILC3s in vitro. ILC3s isolated from human tonsils were cocultured with human bone marrow-derived MSCs for 5 d in the presence of IL-2. Coculture with MSCs enhanced the proliferation and IL-22 production of ILC3s. Reciprocally, ILC3s promoted ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on MSCs. For both directions, the activation was mainly mediated by cell-cell contact and by MSC-derived IL-7 and likely by aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands. Thus, in addition to inhibiting the proliferation of alloreactive T cells, MSCs also promote the expansion and IL-22 production of ILC3s, which may contribute to healthy homeostasis and wound repair in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions in the intestine, including GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van Hoeven
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - J Marius Munneke
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Anne S Cornelissen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Said Z Omar
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Melchior J Spruit
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Marion Kleijer
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jochem H Bernink
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
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15
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Shikhagaie MM, Björklund ÅK, Mjösberg J, Erjefält JS, Cornelissen AS, Ros XR, Bal SM, Koning JJ, Mebius RE, Mori M, Bruchard M, Blom B, Spits H. Neuropilin-1 Is Expressed on Lymphoid Tissue Residing LTi-like Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Associated with Ectopic Lymphoid Aggregates. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1761-1773. [PMID: 28199847 PMCID: PMC5318658 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we characterize a subset of ILC3s that express Neuropilin1 (NRP1) and are present in lymphoid tissues, but not in the peripheral blood or skin. NRP1+ group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) display in vitro lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) activity. In agreement with this, NRP1+ ILC3s are mainly located in proximity to high endothelial venules (HEVs) and express cell surface molecules involved in lymphocyte migration in secondary lymphoid tissues via HEVs. NRP1 was also expressed on mouse fetal LTi cells, indicating that NRP1 is a conserved marker for LTi cells. Human NRP1+ ILC3s are primed cells because they express CD45RO and produce higher amounts of cytokines than NRP1- cells, which express CD45RA. The NRP1 ligand vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) served as a chemotactic factor for NRP1+ ILC3s. NRP1+ ILC3s are present in lung tissues from smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suggesting a role in angiogenesis and/or the initiation of ectopic pulmonary lymphoid aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medya Mara Shikhagaie
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Åsa K Björklund
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne S Cornelissen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1006 AN Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xavier Romero Ros
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bal
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiko Mori
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Melanie Bruchard
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Nagasawa M, Germar K, Blom B, Spits H. Human CD5 + Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Functionally Immature and Their Development from CD34 + Progenitor Cells Is Regulated by Id2. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1047. [PMID: 28912776 PMCID: PMC5583608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as a key cell type involved in surveillance and maintenance of mucosal tissues. Mouse ILCs rely on the transcriptional regulator Inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 2 (Id2) for their development. Here, we show that Id2 also drives development of human ILC because forced expression of Id2 in human thymic progenitors blocked T cell commitment, upregulated CD161 and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), and maintained CD127 expression, markers that are characteristic for human ILCs. Surprisingly CD5 was also expressed on these in vitro generated ILCs. This was not an in vitro artifact because CD5 was also found on ex vivo isolated ILCs from thymus and from umbilical cord blood. CD5 was also expressed on small proportions of ILC2 and ILC3. CD5+ ILCs were functionally immature, but could further differentiate into mature CD5− cytokine-secreting ILCs. Our data show that Id2 governs human ILC development from thymic progenitor cells toward immature CD5+ ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Nagasawa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kristine Germar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Douaisi M, Resop RS, Nagasawa M, Craft J, Jamieson BD, Blom B, Uittenbogaart CH. CD31, a Valuable Marker to Identify Early and Late Stages of T Cell Differentiation in the Human Thymus. J Immunol 2017; 198:2310-2319. [PMID: 28159903 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although CD31 expression on human thymocytes has been reported, a detailed analysis of CD31 expression at various stages of T cell development in the human thymus is missing. In this study, we provide a global picture of the evolution of CD31 expression from the CD34+ hematopoietic precursor to the CD45RA+ mature CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive (SP) T cells. Using nine-color flow cytometry, we show that CD31 is highly expressed on CD34+ progenitors and stays high until the early double-positive stage (CD3-CD4+CD8α+β-). After β-selection, CD31 expression levels become low to undetectable. CD31 expression then increases and peaks on CD3highCD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes. However, following positive selection, CD31 expression differs dramatically between CD4+ and CD8+ lineages: homogeneously high on CD8 SP but lower or negative on CD4 SP cells, including a subset of CD45RA+CD31- mature CD4+ thymocytes. CD31 expression on TCRγδ thymocytes is very similar to that of CD4 SP cells. Remarkably, there is a substantial subset of semimature (CD45RA-) CD4 SP thymocytes that lack CD31 expression. Moreover, FOXP3+ and ICOS+ cells are overrepresented in this CD31- subpopulation. Despite this CD31-CD45RA- subpopulation, most egress-capable mature CD45RA+ CD4 SP thymocytes express CD31. The variations in CD31 expression appear to coincide with three major selection processes occurring during thymopoiesis: β-selection, positive selection, and negative selection. Considering the ability of CD31 to modulate the TCR's activation threshold via the recruitment of tyrosine phosphatases, our results suggest a significant role for CD31 during T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Douaisi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rachel S Resop
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Maho Nagasawa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua Craft
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Beth D Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,University of California Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90024.,University of California Los Angeles AIDS Institute and Center for AIDS Research, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christel H Uittenbogaart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; .,University of California Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90024.,University of California Los Angeles AIDS Institute and Center for AIDS Research, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and.,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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18
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Resop RS, Douaisi M, Craft J, Jachimowski LCM, Blom B, Uittenbogaart CH. Sphingosine-1-phosphate/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 signaling is required for migration of naive human T cells from the thymus to the periphery. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:551-557.e8. [PMID: 27056271 PMCID: PMC7007110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms that govern the egress of mature thymocytes from the human thymus to the periphery remain understudied yet are of utmost importance to the field of basic immunology, as well as T-cell reconstitution in various immunodeficiencies. We examined the expression and function of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors in human thymocyte egress. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether S1P receptors (S1P-Rs) play a role in mature human thymocyte egress and to identify the thymocyte population or populations that express S1P-Rs and respond to S1P by migrating across a concentration gradient. METHODS Human thymocytes were exposed to S1P in Transwell plate migration assays coupled to flow cytometry to evaluate the response to S1P of thymocytes at different stages of maturation. Constitutive S1P-R expression was quantified by means of real-time PCR in sorted thymocyte subsets and flow cytometry. S1P-R1 and Kruppel-like factor 2 expression were monitored after S1P exposure by using flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. RESULTS S1P-R1 was the prevalent S1P receptor on mature human thymocytes (CD3(hi)CD27(+)CD69(-)), the population that also demonstrated the greatest response to S1P in migration assays. Pretreatment with FTY720, an S1P-R1 nonselective modulator significantly reduced migration and suggested a role for S1P-R2 in retaining thymocytes in the tissue. Lastly, surface S1P-R1 expression, as well S1PR1 and Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) transcripts, were significantly decreased in mature thymocytes on exposure to S1P. CONCLUSION Mature human thymocytes rely on S1P-R1 to migrate toward S1P. Taken in the context of murine work demonstrating that S1P is required for thymocyte egress to the periphery, our data highlight a new key chemokine for human thymocyte egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Resop
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Marc Douaisi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Joshua Craft
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | - Bianca Blom
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christel H Uittenbogaart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif; Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRs) play a role in the survival and amplification of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens. There are various ways in which pathogens can benefit from miR-directed alterations in protein translation and signal transduction. Members of the herpesviridae family have previously been shown to encode multiple miRs, while the production of miRs by viruses like HIV-1 remained controversial. Recently, novel techniques have facilitated the elucidation of true miR targets by establishing miR-argonaute association and the subsequent interactions with their cognate cellular mRNAs. This, in combination with miR reporter assays, has generated physiologically relevant evidence that miRs from the herpesviridae family have the potential to downregulate multiple cellular targets, which are involved in immune activation, cytokine signaling and apoptosis. In addition, viruses and bacteria have also been linked to the induction of host cellular miRs, which have the capacity to mitigate immune activation, cytokine signaling and apoptosis. Interfering with miR expression may be clinically relevant. In the case of hepatitis C infection, the cellular miR-122 is already targeted therapeutically. This not only exemplifies how important miRs can be for the survival of specific viruses, but it also delineates the potential to use miRs as drug targets. In this paper we will review the latest reports on viruses and bacteria that abuse miR regulation for their benefit, which may be of interest in the development of miR-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Flór
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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Bernink JH, Krabbendam L, Germar K, de Jong E, Gronke K, Kofoed-Nielsen M, Munneke JM, Hazenberg MD, Villaudy J, Buskens CJ, Bemelman WA, Diefenbach A, Blom B, Spits H. Interleukin-12 and -23 Control Plasticity of CD127(+) Group 1 and Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Intestinal Lamina Propria. Immunity 2015; 43:146-60. [PMID: 26187413 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human group 1 ILCs consist of at least three phenotypically distinct subsets, including NK cells, CD127(+) ILC1, and intraepithelial CD103(+) ILC1. In inflamed intestinal tissues from Crohn's disease patients, numbers of CD127(+) ILC1 increased at the cost of ILC3. Here we found that differentiation of ILC3 to CD127(+) ILC1 is reversible in vitro and in vivo. CD127(+) ILC1 differentiated to ILC3 in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-23, and IL-1β dependent on the transcription factor RORγt, and this process was enhanced in the presence of retinoic acid. Furthermore, we observed in resection specimen from Crohn's disease patients a higher proportion of CD14(+) dendritic cells (DC), which in vitro promoted polarization from ILC3 to CD127(+) ILC1. In contrast, CD14(-) DCs promoted differentiation from CD127(+) ILC1 toward ILC3. These observations suggest that environmental cues determine the composition, function, and phenotype of CD127(+) ILC1 and ILC3 in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem H Bernink
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Krabbendam
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kristine Germar
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther de Jong
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Konrad Gronke
- Research Center Immunology and Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67 D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Kofoed-Nielsen
- Research Center Immunology and Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67 D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Marius Munneke
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julien Villaudy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christianne J Buskens
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem A Bemelman
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Research Center Immunology and Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67 D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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21
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Resop R, Craft J, Uittenbogaart C, Vatakis D, Blom B. HIV-1 Infection increases sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 expression in the human thymus (CAM4P.162). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.185.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P-R1) is essential in mice for homing of lymphoid cells as well as egress of mature thymocytes from the thymus to the periphery. We have recently demonstrated that in the human thymus, response of S1P-R1 to its ligand, Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is required for egress of mature human thymocytes to the periphery. Herein we demonstrate that immune dysregulation accompanying Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection alters the expression of S1P-R1 on human thymocytes, increasing expression of the receptor at both the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, the function of the receptor is maintained, as assayed by flow cytometry based detection of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt). Finally, we found that several cytokines including Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interferon Alpha are perturbed during infection of the thymus, and exogenous treatment of human thymocytes with these cytokines increases or attenuates S1P-R1 expression. Therefore we have identified a contributing mechanism to alteration of S1P-R1 expression during HIV infection of the human thymus, which may have important implications for therapeutics for HIV infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bianca Blom
- 2Amsterdam Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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22
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Karrich JJ, Jachimowski LCM, Uittenbogaart CH, Blom B. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell as the Swiss army knife of the immune system: molecular regulation of its multifaceted functions. J Immunol 2015; 193:5772-8. [PMID: 25480956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) have been regarded as the "professional type I IFN-producing cells" of the immune system following viral recognition that relies on the expression of TLR7 and TLR9. Furthermore, pDC link the innate and adaptive immune systems via cytokine production and Ag presentation. More recently, their ability to induce tolerance and cytotoxicity has been added to their "immune skills." Such a broad range of actions, resembling the diverse functional features of a Swiss army knife, requires strong and prompt molecular regulation to prevent detrimental effects, including autoimmune pathogenesis or tumor escape. Over the last decades, we and other investigators have started to unravel some aspects of the signaling pathways that regulate the various functions of human pDC. In this article, we review aspects of the molecular regulatory mechanisms to control pDC function in light of their multifaceted roles during immunity, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien J Karrich
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Loes C M Jachimowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christel H Uittenbogaart
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
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Epeldegui M, Blom B, Uittenbogaart CH. BST2/Tetherin is constitutively expressed on human thymocytes with the phenotype and function of Treg cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:728-37. [PMID: 25408362 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to peripheral plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), thymic pDCs constitutively express low levels of IFN-α. This leads to induction of interferon secondary genes (ISGs) in medullary thymocytes, raising the question whether IFN-α may play a role in T-cell development. When characterizing further differences between peripheral and thymic pDCs, we found that thymic pDCs have a phenotype consistent with an "activated signature" including expression of TNF-α and bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2), but no expression of ILT7. Given that BST2 is induced by IFN-α, and IFN-α secretion is controlled by interaction between ILT7 and BST2, this regulatory pathway is apparently lost in thymic pDCs. Further, we also show that BST2 is constitutively expressed on a subset of medullary thymocytes at the mRNA and protein level reflecting a history of IFN-α transduced signals. The majority of BST2(+) thymocytes express CCR5 rendering them prevalent targets for R5-tropic HIV infection. Moreover, BST2(+) thymocytes express Foxp3 and CD25, consistent with the phenotype of natural Treg cells, and exert suppressive activity as they impair the proliferation of autologous CD3(+) thymocytes. Collectively, our results suggest that low levels of IFN-α secreted by thymic pDCs play an important role in the development of natural Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Epeldegui
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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24
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de Jong VM, Abreu JRF, Verrijn Stuart AA, van der Slik AR, Verhaeghen K, Engelse MA, Blom B, Staal FJT, Gorus FK, Roep BO. Alternative splicing and differential expression of the islet autoantigen IGRP between pancreas and thymus contributes to immunogenicity of pancreatic islets but not diabetogenicity in humans. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2651-8. [PMID: 24030068 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Thymic expression of self-antigens during T-lymphocyte development is believed to be crucial for preventing autoimmunity. It has been suggested that G6PC2, the gene encoding islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP), is differentially spliced between pancreatic beta cells and the thymus. This may contribute to incomplete elimination of IGRP-specific T lymphocytes in the thymus, predisposing individuals to type 1 diabetes. We tested whether specific splice variation in islets vs thymus correlates with loss of tolerance to IGRP in type 1 diabetes. METHODS Expression of G6PC2 splice variants was compared among thymus, purified medullary thymic epithelial cells and pancreatic islets by RT-PCR. Differential immunogenicity of IGRP splice variants was tested in patients and healthy individuals for autoantibodies and specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes using radiobinding assays and HLA class I multimers, respectively. RESULTS Previously reported G6PC2 splice variants, including full-length G6PC2, were confirmed, albeit that they occurred in both pancreas and thymus, rather than islets alone. Yet, their expression levels were profoundly greater in islets than in thymus. Moreover, three novel G6PC2 variants were discovered that occur in islets only, leading to protein truncations, frame shifts and neo-sequences prone to immunogenicity. However, autoantibodies to novel or known IGRP splice variants did not differ between patients and healthy individuals, and similar frequencies of IGRP-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes could be detected in both patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We propose that post-transcriptional variation of tissue-specific self-proteins may affect negative thymic selection, although this need not necessarily lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Martijn de Jong
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, E3-Q, P.O. Box 9600, NL2300RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
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25
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Karrich JJ, Jachimowski LCM, Libouban M, Iyer A, Brandwijk K, Taanman-Kueter EW, Nagasawa M, de Jong EC, Uittenbogaart CH, Blom B. MicroRNA-146a regulates survival and maturation of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Blood 2013; 122:3001-9. [PMID: 24014244 PMCID: PMC3811175 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-12-475087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During microbial infections, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a main source of type I interferons α/β (IFN-α/-β). Nucleic acids from microbes are sensed by Toll-like receptors 7/9 (TLR7/9), which are selectively expressed in pDCs. Activated pDCs also produce proinflammatory cytokines and upregulate costimulatory molecules. Together, this equips pDCs with the ability to prime T, B, and NK cells and conventional DCs, thereby initiating adaptive immune responses. To avoid deleterious effects to the host, tight regulation of pDC activation is required. Despite data linking aberrant activation of pDCs with autoimmune diseases, little is known about mechanisms controlling pDC activation. Here, we investigated the role of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) in TLR pathway regulation in human pDCs. MiR-146a expression was induced upon TLR7/9 signaling. Furthermore, ectopic miR-146a expression effectively impaired TLR-mediated signaling in pDCs as TLR-induced nuclear factor-κB activation was reduced. This consequently diminished the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reduced pDC survival. Moreover, miR-146a-expressing pDCs had decreased ability to induce CD4(+) T-cell proliferation likely due to reduced expression levels of major histocompatibility complex class II and costimulatory molecules. Our data unravel the crucial immunomodulatory role of miR-146a in pDCs and may add to our understanding of aberrant responses in autoimmune diseases.
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26
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Gentek R, Munneke JM, Helbig C, Blom B, Hazenberg MD, Spits H, Amsen D. Modulation of Signal Strength Switches Notch from an Inducer of T Cells to an Inducer of ILC2. Front Immunol 2013; 4:334. [PMID: 24155745 PMCID: PMC3804867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are emerging key players of the immune system with close lineage relationship to T cells. ILC2 play an important role in protective immunity against multicellular parasites, but are also involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 immune diseases. Here, we have studied the developmental requirements for human ILC2. We report that ILC2 are present in the thymus of young human donors, possibly reflecting local differentiation. Furthermore, we show that uncommitted lineage−CD34+CD1a−human thymic progenitors have the capacity to develop into ILC2 in vitro under the influence of Notch signaling, either by stimulation with the Notch ligand Delta like 1 (Dll1) or by expression of the active intracellular domain of NOTCH1 (NICD1). The capacity of NICD1 to mobilize the ILC2 differentiation program was sufficiently potent to override commitment to the T cell lineage in CD34+CD1a+ progenitors and force them into the ILC2 lineage. As Notch is an important factor also for T cell development, these results raise the question how one and the same signaling pathway can elicit such distinct developmental outcomes from the same precursors. We provide evidence that Notch signal strength is a critical determinant in this decision: by tuning signal amplitude, Notch can be converted from a T cell inducer (low signal strength) to an ILC2 inducer (high signal strength). Thus, this study enhances our understanding of human ILC2 development and identifies a mechanism determining specificity of Notch signal output during T cell and ILC2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gentek
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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27
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Centlivre M, Legrand N, Klamer S, Liu YP, Eije KJV, Bohne M, Rijnstra ESV, Weijer K, Blom B, Voermans C, Spits H, Berkhout B. Preclinical in vivo evaluation of the safety of a multi-shRNA-based gene therapy against HIV-1. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2013; 2:e120. [PMID: 24002730 PMCID: PMC3808742 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the quality of life and the life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals. Still, drug-induced side effects and emergence of drug-resistant viral variants remain important issues that justify the exploration of alternative therapeutic options. One strategy consists of a gene therapy based on RNA interference to induce the sequence-specific degradation of the HIV-1 RNA genome. We have selected four potent short hairpin RNA (shRNA) candidates targeting the viral capside, integrase, protease and tat/rev open-reading frames and screened the safety of them during human hematopoietic cell development, both in vitro and in vivo. Although the four shRNA candidates appeared to be safe in vitro, one shRNA candidate impaired the in vivo development of the human immune system in Balb/c Rag2(-/-)IL-2Rγc(-/-) (BRG) mice. The three remaining shRNA candidates were combined into one single lentiviral vector (LV), and safety of the shRNA combination during human hematopoietic cell development was confirmed. Overall, we demonstrate here the preclinical in vivo safety of a LV expressing three shRNAs against HIV-1, which is proposed for a future Phase I clinical trial.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e120; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.48; published online 3 September 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Centlivre
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR-S 945, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 91 Bld de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Legrand
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- AXENIS, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sofieke Klamer
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ying Poi Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Jasmijn von Eije
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martino Bohne
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kees Weijer
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- HIS mouse facility, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Tytgat Institute of Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mjösberg J, Bernink J, Golebski K, Karrich JJ, Peters CP, Blom B, te Velde AA, Fokkens WJ, van Drunen CM, Spits H. The transcription factor GATA3 is essential for the function of human type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Immunity 2012; 37:649-59. [PMID: 23063330 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are part of a large family of ILCs that are important effectors in innate immunity, lymphoid organogenesis, and tissue remodeling. ILC2s mediate parasite expulsion but also contribute to airway inflammation, emphasizing the functional similarity between these cells and Th2 cells. Consistent with this, we report that the transcription factor GATA3 was highly expressed by human ILC2s. CRTH2(+) ILC2s were enriched in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, a typical type 2-mediated disease. Nasal polyp epithelial cells expressed TSLP, which enhanced STAT5 activation, GATA3 expression, and type 2 cytokine production in ILC2s. Ectopic expression of GATA3 in Lin(-)CD127(+)CRTH2(-) cells resulted in induction of CRTH2 and the capacity to produce high amounts of type 2 cytokines in response to TSLP plus IL-33. Hence, we identify GATA3, potently regulated by TSLP, as an essential transcription factor for the function of human ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Mjösberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yusuf D, Butland SL, Swanson MI, Bolotin E, Ticoll A, Cheung WA, Zhang XYC, Dickman CTD, Fulton DL, Lim JS, Schnabl JM, Ramos OHP, Vasseur-Cognet M, de Leeuw CN, Simpson EM, Ryffel GU, Lam EWF, Kist R, Wilson MSC, Marco-Ferreres R, Brosens JJ, Beccari LL, Bovolenta P, Benayoun BA, Monteiro LJ, Schwenen HDC, Grontved L, Wederell E, Mandrup S, Veitia RA, Chakravarthy H, Hoodless PA, Mancarelli MM, Torbett BE, Banham AH, Reddy SP, Cullum RL, Liedtke M, Tschan MP, Vaz M, Rizzino A, Zannini M, Frietze S, Farnham PJ, Eijkelenboom A, Brown PJ, Laperrière D, Leprince D, de Cristofaro T, Prince KL, Putker M, del Peso L, Camenisch G, Wenger RH, Mikula M, Rozendaal M, Mader S, Ostrowski J, Rhodes SJ, Van Rechem C, Boulay G, Olechnowicz SWZ, Breslin MB, Lan MS, Nanan KK, Wegner M, Hou J, Mullen RD, Colvin SC, Noy PJ, Webb CF, Witek ME, Ferrell S, Daniel JM, Park J, Waldman SA, Peet DJ, Taggart M, Jayaraman PS, Karrich JJ, Blom B, Vesuna F, O'Geen H, Sun Y, Gronostajski RM, Woodcroft MW, Hough MR, Chen E, Europe-Finner GN, Karolczak-Bayatti M, Bailey J, Hankinson O, Raman V, LeBrun DP, Biswal S, Harvey CJ, DeBruyne JP, Hogenesch JB, Hevner RF, Héligon C, Luo XM, Blank MC, Millen KJ, Sharlin DS, Forrest D, Dahlman-Wright K, Zhao C, Mishima Y, Sinha S, Chakrabarti R, Portales-Casamar E, Sladek FM, Bradley PH, Wasserman WW. The transcription factor encyclopedia. Genome Biol 2012; 13:R24. [PMID: 22458515 PMCID: PMC3439975 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2012-13-3-r24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present the Transcription Factor Encyclopedia (TFe), a new web-based compendium of mini review articles on transcription factors (TFs) that is founded on the principles of open access and collaboration. Our consortium of over 100 researchers has collectively contributed over 130 mini review articles on pertinent human, mouse and rat TFs. Notable features of the TFe website include a high-quality PDF generator and web API for programmatic data retrieval. TFe aims to rapidly educate scientists about the TFs they encounter through the delivery of succinct summaries written and vetted by experts in the field. TFe is available at http://www.cisreg.ca/tfe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Yusuf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Balzarolo M, Karrich JJ, Engels S, Blom B, Medema JP, Wolkers MC. The transcriptional regulator NAB2 reveals a two-step induction of TRAIL in activated plasmacytoid DCs. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:3019-27. [PMID: 22806638 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are key players in antiviral immunity. In addition to massive type I interferon production, activated pDCs express the apoptosis-inducing molecule TRAIL, which enables them to clear infected cells that express the TRAIL receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms that govern TRAIL expression in human pDCs. We identify NGFI-A-binding protein 2 (NAB2) as a novel transcriptional regulator that governs TRAIL induction in stimulated pDCs. We show with the pDC-like cell line CAL-1 that NAB2 is exclusively induced downstream of TLR7 and TLR9 signaling, and not upon type I IFN-R signaling. Furthermore, PI3K signaling is required for NAB2-mediated TRAIL expression. Finally, we show that TRAIL induction in CpG-activated human pDCs occurs through two independent signaling pathways: the first is initiated through TLR9 signaling upon recognition of nucleic acids, followed by type I IFN-R-mediated signaling. In conclusion, our data suggest that these two pathways are downstream of different activation signals, but act in concert to allow for full TRAIL expression in pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Balzarolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Legrand N, van der Velden GJ, Fang RHT, Douaisi M, Weijer K, Das AT, Blom B, Uittenbogaart CH, Berkhout B, Centlivre M. A doxycycline-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replicates in vivo without inducing CD4+ T-cell depletion. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:2017-2027. [PMID: 22647372 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.042796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel genetic approach for the control of virus replication was used for the design of a conditionally replicating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variant, HIV-rtTA. HIV-rtTA gene expression and virus replication are strictly dependent on the presence of a non-toxic effector molecule, doxycycline (dox), and thus can be turned on and off at will in a graded and reversible manner. The in vivo replication capacity, pathogenicity and genetic stability of this HIV-rtTA variant were evaluated in a humanized mouse model of haematopoiesis that harbours lymphoid and myeloid components of the human immune system (HIS). Infection of dox-fed BALB Rag/γc HIS (BRG-HIS) mice with HIV-rtTA led to the establishment of a productive infection without CD4(+) T-cell depletion. The virus did not show any sign of escape from dox control for up to 10 weeks after the onset of infection. No reversion towards a functional Tat-transactivating responsive (TAR) RNA element axis was observed, confirming the genetic stability of the HIV-rtTA variant in vivo. These results demonstrate the proof of concept that HIV-rtTA replicates efficiently in vivo. HIV-rtTA is a promising tool for fundamental research to study virus-host interactions in vivo in a controlled fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Legrand
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela J van der Velden
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raphaël Ho Tsong Fang
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marc Douaisi
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kees Weijer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Atze T Das
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christel H Uittenbogaart
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille Centlivre
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Diehl SA, Schmidlin H, Nagasawa M, Blom B, Spits H. IL-6 triggers IL-21 production by human CD4+ T cells to drive STAT3-dependent plasma cell differentiation in B cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 90:802-11. [PMID: 22491065 PMCID: PMC3396759 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-21-producing CD4+ T cells are central to humoral immunity. Deciphering the signals that induce IL-21 production in CD4+ T cells and those triggered by IL-21 in B cells are, therefore, of importance for understanding the generation of antibody responses. Here, we show that IL-6 increased IL-21 production by human CD4+ T cells, particularly in those that express the transcriptional regulator B cell lymphoma (BCL)6, which is required in mice for the development of CXCR5+ IL-21-producing T follicular helper (TFH) cells. However, retroviral overexpression of BCL6 in total human CD4+ T cells, only transiently increased CXCR5, the canonical TFH–defining surface marker. We show here that IL-21 was required for the induction of antibody production by IL-6. In IL-21–treated B cells, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 was required for optimal Ig production and upregulation of PRDM1, the master plasma cell factor. These results, therefore, demonstrate the critical importance of STAT3 activation in B cells during IL-21-driven humoral immunity and suggest that BCL6 expression, while not sufficient, may serve as a platform for the acquisition of a TFH–like phenotype by human CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Diehl
- Department of Medicine-Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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33
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Colantonio AD, Epeldegui M, Jesiak M, Jachimowski L, Blom B, Uittenbogaart CH. IFN-α is constitutively expressed in the human thymus, but not in peripheral lymphoid organs. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24252. [PMID: 21904619 PMCID: PMC3164161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons have been typically studied for their effects in the context of bacterial or viral infections. However in this report, we provide evidence that Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) expressing cells are present in the thymus in the absence of infection. We show that pDC express the highest level of IFN-α and that MxA, which is exclusively expressed after engagement of the type I IFN receptor by IFN-α/β, is expressed in normal fetal and post-natal thymus, but not in the periphery. The highest level of MxA is expressed in mature thymocytes and pDC located in the medulla and at the cortico-medullary junction. The anti-microbial peptide LL-37, which is expressed in the thymus, when complexed with eukaryotic nucleic acids, induces the secretion of IFN-α by thymic pDC. This results in the upregulation of MxA expression in responsive thymocytes. We propose that the secretion of IFN-α in the thymus may function to regulate the rate of T cell development and modulate the requirements for the selection of developing T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud D. Colantonio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David E. Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marta Epeldegui
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David E. Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Jesiak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David E. Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loes Jachimowski
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christel H. Uittenbogaart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David E. Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, David E. Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- UCLA AIDS Institute, David E. Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David E. Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Schotte R, Dontje W, Nagasawa M, Yasuda Y, Bakker AQ, Spits H, Blom B. Synergy between IL-15 and Id2 Promotes the Expansion of Human NK Progenitor Cells, Which Can Be Counteracted by the E Protein HEB Required To Drive T Cell Development. J I 2010; 184:6670-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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van Lent AU, Dontje W, Nagasawa M, Siamari R, Bakker AQ, Pouw SM, Maijoor KA, Weijer K, Cornelissen JJ, Blom B, Di Santo JP, Spits H, Legrand N. IL-7 enhances thymic human T cell development in "human immune system" Rag2-/-IL-2Rgammac-/- mice without affecting peripheral T cell homeostasis. J Immunol 2010; 183:7645-55. [PMID: 19923447 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
IL-7 is a central cytokine in the development of hematopoietic cells, although interspecies discrepancies have been reported. By coculturing human postnatal thymus hematopoietic progenitors and OP9-huDL1 stromal cells, we found that murine IL-7 is approximately 100-fold less potent than human IL-7 for supporting human T cell development in vitro. We investigated the role of human IL-7 in newborn BALB/c Rag2(-/-)gamma(c)(-/-) mice transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) as an in vivo model of human hematopoiesis using three approaches to improve IL-7 signaling: administration of human IL-7, ectopic expression of human IL-7 by the transplanted human HSC, or enforced expression of a murine/human chimeric IL-7 receptor binding murine IL-7. We show that premature IL-7 signaling at the HSC stage, before entrance in the thymus, impeded T cell development, whereas increased intrathymic IL-7 signaling significantly enhanced the maintenance of immature thymocytes. Increased thymopoiesis was also observed when we transplanted BCL-2- or BCL-x(L)-transduced human HSC. Homeostasis of peripheral mature T cells in this humanized mouse model was not improved by any of these strategies. Overall, our results provide evidence for an important role of IL-7 in human T cell development in vivo and highlight the notion that IL-7 availability is but one of many signals that condition peripheral T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja U van Lent
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Scheeren FA, van Lent AU, Nagasawa M, Weijer K, Spits H, Legrand N, Blom B. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces early human B-cell proliferation and differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:955-65. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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37
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van Lent AU, Centlivre M, Nagasawa M, Karrich JJ, Pouw SM, Weijer K, Spits H, Blom B, Legrand N. In vivo modulation of gene expression by lentiviral transduction in "human immune system" Rag2-/- gamma c -/- mice. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 595:87-115. [PMID: 19941107 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-421-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, several humanized mouse models have been used to experimentally analyze the function and development of the human immune system. Recent advances have lead to the establishment of new murine-human chimeric models with improved characteristics, both in terms of human engraftment efficiency and in situ multilineage human hematopoietic development. We describe here the use of newborn BALB/c Rag2(-/-)gamma(c) (-/-) mice as recipients of human hematopoietic progenitor cells to produce "human immune system" (HIS) (BALB-Rag/gamma) mice, using human fetal liver progenitors. The two major subsets of the human dendritic cell lineage, namely, BDCA2(+)CD11c(-) plasmacytoid dendritic cells and BDCA2(-)CD11c(+) conventional dendritic cells, can be found in HIS (BALB-Rag/gamma) mice. In order to manipulate the expression of genes of interest, the human hematopoietic progenitor cells can be genetically engineered ex vivo by lentiviral transduction before performing xenograft transplantation. Using this mouse model, the human immune system can be assessed for both fundamental and pre-clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja U van Lent
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Immunology Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Centlivre M, Zhou X, Pouw SM, Weijer K, Kleibeuker W, Das AT, Blom B, Seppen J, Berkhout B, Legrand N. Autoregulatory lentiviral vectors allow multiple cycles of doxycycline-inducible gene expression in human hematopoietic cells in vivo. Gene Ther 2009; 17:14-25. [PMID: 19727135 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The efficient control of gene expression in vivo from lentiviral vectors remains technically challenging. To analyze inducible gene expression in a human setting, we generated 'human immune system' (HIS) mice by transplanting newborn BALB/c Rag2(-/-)IL-2Rgamma(c)(-/-) immunodeficient mice with human hematopoietic stem cells transduced with a doxycycline-inducible lentiviral vector. We compared several methods of doxycycline delivery to mice, and could accurately measure doxycycline in vivo using a new sensitive detection assay. Two different lentiviral vector designs with constitutive (TRECMV-V14) or autoregulatory (TREAuto-V14) expression of an optimized reverse tetracycline transactivator were used to transduce human hematopoietic stem cells. After transplantation into immunodeficient mice, we analyzed the expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene in the human hematopoiesis-derived cells that develop and accumulate in the generated HIS mice. We show efficient inducible GFP expression in adult HIS mice containing TREAuto-V14-transduced human cells, whereas GFP expression is poor with the TRECMV-V14 vector. Multiple cycles of doxycycline exposure in the TREAuto-V14 group result in repeated cycles of GFP expression with no loss of intensity. These findings are of major interest for gene therapy and basic research settings that require inducible gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Centlivre
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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Yoon SO, Zhang X, Berner P, Blom B, Choi YS. Notch Ligands Expressed by Follicular Dendritic Cells Protect Germinal Center B Cells from Apoptosis. J Immunol 2009; 183:352-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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40
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Schmidlin H, Diehl SA, Blom B. New insights into the regulation of human B-cell differentiation. Trends Immunol 2009; 30:277-85. [PMID: 19447676 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes provide the cellular basis of the humoral immune response. All stages of this process, from B-cell activation to formation of germinal centers and differentiation into memory B cells or plasma cells, are influenced by extrinsic signals and controlled by transcriptional regulation. Compared to naïve B cells, memory B cells display a distinct expression profile, which allows for their rapid secondary responses. Indisputably, many B-cell malignancies result from aberrations in the circuitry controlling B-cell function, particularly during the germinal centre (GC) reaction. Here, we review new insights into memory B-cell subtypes, recent literature on transcription factors regulating human B-cell differentiation and further evidence for B-cell lymphomagenesis emanating from errors during GC cell reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Schmidlin
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Herbai G, Blom B, Boström H. Treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, PSS) with a new drug influencing connective tissue. Acta Med Scand 2009; 201:203-6. [PMID: 848357 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1977.tb15682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclofenil is a new diphenyl ethylene derivative related to stilboestrol without oestrogenicity but with marked effects on connective tissue metabolism. The drug has been tested, in a daily dose of 200mg X3, in six patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) to analyze the expected beneficial effects on the PSS symptoms. The typical skin hardness, joint and muscle rigidity, and reduced breathing capacity were improved to varying dgrees. The only side-effect was a slight transient liver enzyme elevation in 1 out of 6 patients. A slight increase was found in urinary calcium and hydroxyproline excretion. In several cases serum calcium, cholesterol, triglyceride and in some cases the serum uric acid levels were decreased. The ANF titres diminished to varying degrees in 4 out of 6 patients. These results indicate that further detailed clinical and laboratory studies on the therapeutic potential of cyclofenil in PSS and other diseases affecting connective tissue seen to be justified.
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Abstract
Protracted inflammation leading to dysregulation of effector T-cell responses represents a common feature of a wide range of autoimmune diseases. The interleukin-12 (IL-12)/T-helper 1 (Th1) pathway was thought to be responsible for the pathogenesis of multiple chronic inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, or multiple sclerosis, mainly through their production of interferon-gamma and its effects on macrophage activation and chemokine production. However, this initial concept of T-cell-mediated chronic inflammation required an adjustment with the discovery of an IL-12-related cytokine, designated IL-23. IL-23 was rapidly recognized for its involvement in the establishment of chronic inflammation and in the development of a Th cell subset producing IL-17, designated Th17, which is distinct from the previously reported Th1 and Th2 populations. This review aims to describe the characterization of IL-23 and its receptor, its biological activities, as well as its involvement in the development of human Th17 cells and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Boniface
- Department of Immunology, Schering-Plough Biopharma (Formerly DNAX Research), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Nagasawa M, Schmidlin H, Hazekamp MG, Schotte R, Blom B. Development of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells depends on the combined action of the basic helix-loop-helix factor E2-2 and the Ets factor Spi-B. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:2389-400. [PMID: 18792017 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are central players in the innate and adaptive immune response against viral infections. The molecular mechanism that underlies pDC development from progenitor cells is only beginning to be elucidated. Previously, we reported that the Ets factor Spi-B and the inhibitors of DNA binding protein 2 (Id2) or Id3, which antagonize E-protein activity, are crucially involved in promoting or impairing pDC development, respectively. Here we show that the basic helix-loop-helix protein E2-2 is predominantly expressed in pDC, but not in their progenitor cells or conventional DC. Forced expression of E2-2 in progenitor cells stimulated pDC development. Conversely, inhibition of E2-2 expression by RNA interference impaired the generation of pDC suggesting a key role of E2-2 in development of these cells. Notably, Spi-B was unable to overcome the Id2 enforced block in pDC development and moreover Spi-B transduced pDC expressed reduced Id2 levels. This might indicate that Spi-B contributes to pDC development by promoting E2-2 activity. Consistent with notion, simultaneous overexpression of E2-2 and Spi-B in progenitor cells further stimulated pDC development. Together our results provide additional insight into the transcriptional network controlling pDC development as evidenced by the joint venture of E2-2 and Spi-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Nagasawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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44
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Legrand N, Dontje W, van Lent AU, Spits H, Blom B. Human thymus regeneration and T cell reconstitution. Semin Immunol 2007; 19:280-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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45
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An DS, Poon B, Ho Tsong Fang R, Weijer K, Blom B, Spits H, Chen ISY, Uittenbogaart CH. Use of a novel chimeric mouse model with a functionally active human immune system to study human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14:391-6. [PMID: 17314230 PMCID: PMC1865603 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00403-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop a small-animal model to study human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis in blood and primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Rag2(-/-)gamma(c)(-/-) mice that are neonatally injected with human CD34(+) cells develop a functional human immune system (HIS), with human hematopoietic cells being found in the thymuses, peripheral blood, spleens, and bone marrow of the animals (hereafter these animals are referred to as HIS-Rag2(-/-)gamma(c)(-/-) mice). HIS-Rag2(-/-)gamma(c)(-/-) mice were infected with small amounts of CCR5-tropic HIV-1. Viral replication and immunophenotypic changes in the human cells in peripheral blood and lymphoid organs were examined. The productive infection of human cells in peripheral blood, thymus and spleen tissue, and bone marrow was detected. Ratios of CD4(+) T cells to CD8(+) T cells in the infected animals declined. Although no specific anti-HIV-1 immune responses were detected, immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to an unidentified fetal calf serum protein present in the virus preparation were found in the inoculated animals. Thus, we have shown that the HIS-Rag2(-/-)gamma(c)(-/-) mouse model can be used for infection with low doses of CCR5-tropic HIV-1, which is most commonly transmitted during primary infections. HIS-Rag2(-/-)gamma(c)(-/-) mice can serve as a small-animal model for investigating HIV-1 pathogenesis and testing potential HIV-1 therapies, and studies with this model may replace some long and costly studies with nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sung An
- Department of Medicine, David E. Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1747, USA
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46
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Schmidlin H, Dontje W, Groot F, Ligthart SJ, Colantonio AD, Oud ME, Schilder-Tol EJ, Spaargaren M, Spits H, Uittenbogaart CH, Blom B. Stimulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells impair human T-cell development. Blood 2006; 108:3792-800. [PMID: 16917011 PMCID: PMC1895464 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-02-004978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are located predominantly in the medulla and at the corticomedullary junction, the entry site of bone marrow-derived multipotential precursor cells into the thymus, allowing for interactions between thymic pDCs and precursor cells. We demonstrate that in vitro-generated pDCs stimulated with CpG or virus impaired the development of human autologous CD34(+)CD1a(-) thymic progenitor cells into the T-cell lineage. Rescue by addition of neutralizing type I interferon (IFN) antibodies strongly implies that endogenously produced IFN-alpha/beta is responsible for this inhibitory effect. Consistent with this notion, we show that exogenously added IFN-alpha had a similar impact on IL-7- and Notch ligand-induced development of thymic CD34(+)CD1a(-) progenitor cells into T cells, because induction of CD1a, CD4, CD8, and TCR/CD3 surface expression and rearrangements of TCRbeta V-DJ gene segments were severely impaired. In addition, IL-7-induced proliferation but not survival of the developing thymic progenitor cells was strongly inhibited by IFN-alpha. It is evident from our data that IFN-alpha inhibits the IL-7R signal transduction pathway, although this could not be attributed to interference with either IL-7R proximal (STAT5, Akt/PKB, Erk1/2) or distal (p27(kip1), pRb) events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Schmidlin
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The lymphocytes, T, B, and NK cells, and a proportion of dendritic cells (DCs) have a common developmental origin. Lymphocytes develop from hematopoietic stem cells via common lymphocyte and various lineage-restricted precursors. This review discusses the current knowledge of human lymphocyte development and the phenotypes and functions of the rare intermediate populations that together form the pathways of development into T, B, and NK cells and DCs. Clearly, development of hematopoietic cells is supported by cytokines. The studies of patients with genetic deficiencies in cytokine receptors that are discussed here have illuminated the importance of cytokines in lymphoid development. Lineage decisions are under control of transcription factors, and studies performed in the past decade have provided insight into transcriptional control of human lymphoid development, the results of which are summarized and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Blom
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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48
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Overwijk WW, de Visser KE, Tirion FH, de Jong LA, Pols TWH, van der Velden YU, van den Boorn JG, Keller AM, Buurman WA, Theoret MR, Blom B, Restifo NP, Kruisbeek AM, Kastelein RA, Haanen JBAG. Immunological and antitumor effects of IL-23 as a cancer vaccine adjuvant. J Immunol 2006; 176:5213-22. [PMID: 16621986 PMCID: PMC2242845 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.9.5213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The promising, but modest, clinical results of many human cancer vaccines indicate a need for vaccine adjuvants that can increase both the quantity and the quality of vaccine-induced, tumor-specific T cells. In this study we tested the immunological and antitumor effects of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-23, in gp100 peptide vaccine therapy of established murine melanoma. Neither systemic nor local IL-23 alone had any impact on tumor growth or tumor-specific T cell numbers. Upon specific vaccination, however, systemic IL-23 greatly increased the relative and absolute numbers of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells and enhanced their effector function at the tumor site. Although IL-23 specifically increased IFN-gamma production by tumor-specific T cells, IFN-gamma itself was not a primary mediator of the vaccine adjuvant effect. The IL-23-induced antitumor effect and accompanying reversible weight loss were both partially mediated by TNF-alpha. In contrast, local expression of IL-23 at the tumor site maintained antitumor activity in the absence of weight loss. Under these conditions, it was also clear that enhanced effector function of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells, rather than increased T cell number, is a primary mechanism underlying the antitumor effect of IL-23. Collectively, these results suggest that IL-23 is a potent vaccine adjuvant for the induction of therapeutic, tumor-specific CD8(+) T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem W Overwijk
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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49
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Dontje W, Schotte R, Cupedo T, Nagasawa M, Scheeren F, Gimeno R, Spits H, Blom B. Delta-like1-induced Notch1 signaling regulates the human plasmacytoid dendritic cell versus T-cell lineage decision through control of GATA-3 and Spi-B. Blood 2006; 107:2446-52. [PMID: 16317090 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-05-2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHuman early thymic precursors have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, including T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). This decision is guided by the induction or silencing of lineage-specific transcription factors. The ETS family member Spi-B is a key regulator of pDC development, whereas T-cell development is critically dependent on GATA-3. Here we show that triggering of the Notch1 signaling pathway by Delta-like1 controls the T/pDC lineage decision by regulating the balance between these factors. CD34+CD1a- thymic progenitor cells express Notch1, but down-regulate this receptor when differentiating into pDCs. On coculture with stromal cell lines expressing either human Delta-like1 (DL1) or Jagged1 (Jag1) Notch ligands, thymic precursors express GATA-3 and develop into CD4+CD8+TCRαβ+ T cells. On the other hand, DL1, but not Jag1, down-regulates Spi-B expression, resulting in impaired development of pDCs. The Notch1-induced block in pDC development can be relieved through the ectopic expression of Spi-B. These data indicate that DL1-induced activation of the Notch1 pathway controls the lineage commitment of early thymic precursors by altering the levels between Spi-B and GATA-3. (Blood. 2006;107:2446-2452)
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Dontje
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology of the AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Abstract
There is an increasing amount of knowledge on the functional properties of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the adult immune system, but data on the generation and function of these cells during human embryonic development are scarce. In this study, we show that in the fetal thymus, double-positive cells initiate expression of CD25, GITR, CTLA4 and CD122 during their transition from the CD27- to the CD27+ stage. Moreover, CD4+CD25+ fetal thymocytes already have the potential to suppress proliferation of CD25- cells. After leaving the thymus, FoxP3+CD4+CD25+ Treg enter the fetal lymph nodes and spleen, where they acquire a primed/memory phenotype. A model is proposed for the development of human fetal Treg that encompasses two sequential maturation steps: initiation of a regulatory phenotype and suppressive activity in the thymus; and subsequent activation within the peripheral lymphoid organs. Upon activation, FoxP3+CD4+CD25+ Treg suppress potentially deleterious responses by autoreactive lymphocytes and maintain homeostasis within the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cupedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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