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Yao J, McHedlishvili D, McIntire WE, Guagliardo NA, Erisir A, Coburn CA, Santarelli VP, Bayliss DA, Barrett PQ. Functional TASK-3-Like Channels in Mitochondria of Aldosterone-Producing Zona Glomerulosa Cells. Hypertension 2017. [PMID: 28630209 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ drives aldosterone synthesis in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of the adrenal zona glomerulosa cell. Membrane potential across each of these compartments regulates the amplitude of the Ca2+ signal; yet, only plasma membrane ion channels and their role in regulating cell membrane potential have garnered investigative attention as pathological causes of human hyperaldosteronism. Previously, we reported that genetic deletion of TASK-3 channels (tandem pore domain acid-sensitive K+ channels) from mice produces aldosterone excess in the absence of a change in the cell membrane potential of zona glomerulosa cells. Here, we report using yeast 2-hybrid, immunoprecipitation, and electron microscopic analyses that TASK-3 channels are resident in mitochondria, where they regulate mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and aldosterone production. This study provides proof of principle that mitochondrial K+ channels, by modulating inner mitochondrial membrane morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential, have the ability to play a pathological role in aldosterone dysregulation in steroidogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Yao
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., D.M., W.E.M., N.A.G., D.A.B., P.Q.B.) and Psychology (A.E.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Silverback Therapeutics, Inc, Seattle, WA (C.A.C.); and Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co, Inc, West point, PA (V.P.S.)
| | - David McHedlishvili
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., D.M., W.E.M., N.A.G., D.A.B., P.Q.B.) and Psychology (A.E.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Silverback Therapeutics, Inc, Seattle, WA (C.A.C.); and Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co, Inc, West point, PA (V.P.S.)
| | - William E McIntire
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., D.M., W.E.M., N.A.G., D.A.B., P.Q.B.) and Psychology (A.E.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Silverback Therapeutics, Inc, Seattle, WA (C.A.C.); and Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co, Inc, West point, PA (V.P.S.)
| | - Nick A Guagliardo
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., D.M., W.E.M., N.A.G., D.A.B., P.Q.B.) and Psychology (A.E.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Silverback Therapeutics, Inc, Seattle, WA (C.A.C.); and Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co, Inc, West point, PA (V.P.S.)
| | - Alev Erisir
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., D.M., W.E.M., N.A.G., D.A.B., P.Q.B.) and Psychology (A.E.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Silverback Therapeutics, Inc, Seattle, WA (C.A.C.); and Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co, Inc, West point, PA (V.P.S.)
| | - Craig A Coburn
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., D.M., W.E.M., N.A.G., D.A.B., P.Q.B.) and Psychology (A.E.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Silverback Therapeutics, Inc, Seattle, WA (C.A.C.); and Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co, Inc, West point, PA (V.P.S.)
| | - Vincent P Santarelli
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., D.M., W.E.M., N.A.G., D.A.B., P.Q.B.) and Psychology (A.E.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Silverback Therapeutics, Inc, Seattle, WA (C.A.C.); and Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co, Inc, West point, PA (V.P.S.)
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., D.M., W.E.M., N.A.G., D.A.B., P.Q.B.) and Psychology (A.E.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Silverback Therapeutics, Inc, Seattle, WA (C.A.C.); and Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co, Inc, West point, PA (V.P.S.)
| | - Paula Q Barrett
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., D.M., W.E.M., N.A.G., D.A.B., P.Q.B.) and Psychology (A.E.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Silverback Therapeutics, Inc, Seattle, WA (C.A.C.); and Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co, Inc, West point, PA (V.P.S.).
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2
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Yu W, Tong L, Hu B, Zhong B, Hao J, Ji T, Zan S, Coburn CA, Selyutin O, Chen L, Rokosz L, Agrawal S, Liu R, Curry S, McMonagle P, Ingravallo P, Asante-Appiah E, Chen S, Kozlowski JA. Discovery of Chromane Containing Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS5A Inhibitors with Improved Potency against Resistance-Associated Variants. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10228-10243. [PMID: 27792320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of potent and pan-genotypic HCV NS5A inhibitors faces many challenges including the significant diversity among genotypes, substantial potency shift conferred on some key resistance-associated variants, inconsistent SARs between different genotypes and mutants, and the lacking of models of inhibitor/protein complexes for rational inhibitor design. As part of ongoing efforts on HCV NS5A inhibition at Merck, we now describe the discovery of a novel series of chromane containing NS5A inhibitors. SAR studies around the "Z" group of the tetracyclic indole scaffold explored fused bicyclic rings as alternates to the phenyl group of elbasvir (1, MK-8742) and identified novel chromane and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran derivatives as "Z" group replacements offered good potency across all genotypes. This effort, incorporating the C-1 fluoro substitution at the tetracyclic indole core, led to the discovery of a new series of NS5A inhibitors, such as compounds 14 and 25-28, with significantly improved potency against resistance-associated variants, such as GT2b, GT1a Y93H, and GT1a L31V. Compound 14 also showed reasonable PK exposures in preclinical species (rat and dog).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories , 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories , 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Bin Hu
- WuXi AppTec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- WuXi AppTec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Jinglai Hao
- WuXi AppTec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Tao Ji
- WuXi AppTec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Shuai Zan
- WuXi AppTec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Craig A Coburn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories , 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Oleg Selyutin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories , 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories , 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Laura Rokosz
- Department of in Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories , 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Department of in Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories , 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories , 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Stephanie Curry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories , 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Patricia McMonagle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories , 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Paul Ingravallo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories , 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ernest Asante-Appiah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories , 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shiying Chen
- Department of PPDM, Merck Research Laboratories , 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joseph A Kozlowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories , 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway New Jersey 07065, United States
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3
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Tong L, Yu W, Coburn CA, Chen L, Selyutin O, Zeng Q, Dwyer MP, Nair AG, Shankar BB, Kim SH, Yang DY, Rosenblum SB, Ruck RT, Davies IW, Hu B, Zhong B, Hao J, Ji T, Zan S, Liu R, Agrawal S, Carr D, Curry S, McMonagle P, Bystol K, Lahser F, Ingravallo P, Chen S, Asante-Appiah E, Kozlowski JA. Structure-activity relationships of proline modifications around the tetracyclic-indole class of NS5A inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5354-5360. [PMID: 27680588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe the impact of proline modifications, in our tetracyclic-indole based series of nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitors, to their replicon profiles. This work identified NS5A inhibitors with an improved and flattened resistance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tong
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Wensheng Yu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Craig A Coburn
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Oleg Selyutin
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Qingbei Zeng
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael P Dwyer
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | | | - Seong Heon Kim
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - De-Yi Yang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Rebecca T Ruck
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ian W Davies
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jinglai Hao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Tao Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shuai Zan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Donna Carr
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Stephanie Curry
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Karin Bystol
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Paul Ingravallo
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Shiying Chen
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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4
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Yu W, Zhou G, Coburn CA, Zeng Q, Tong L, Dwyer MP, Hu B, Zhong B, Hao J, Ji T, Zan S, Chen L, Mazzola R, Kim JH, Sha D, Selyutin O, Rosenblum SB, Lavey B, Nair AG, Heon Kim S, Keertikar KM, Rokosz L, Agrawal S, Liu R, Xia E, Zhai Y, Curry S, McMonagle P, Ingravallo P, Asante-Appiah E, Chen S, Kozlowski JA. Substituted tetracyclic indole core derivatives of HCV NS5A inhibitor MK-8742. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4851-4856. [PMID: 27568086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing effort in NS5A inhibition at Merck we now describe our efforts for introducing substitution around the tetracyclic indole core of MK-8742. Fluoro substitution on the core combined with the fluoro substitutions on the proline ring improved the potency against GT1a Y93H significantly. However, no improvement on GT2b potency was achieved. Limiting the fluoro substitution to C-1 of the tetracyclic indole core had a positive impact on the potency against the resistance associated variants, such as GT1a Y93H and GT2b, and the PK profile as well. Compounds, such as 62, with reduced potency shifts between wild type GT1a to GT2b, GT1a Y93H, and GT1a L31V were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Craig A Coburn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Qingbei Zeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael P Dwyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jinglai Hao
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Tao Ji
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shuai Zan
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Robert Mazzola
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Jae-Hun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Deyou Sha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Oleg Selyutin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Stuart B Rosenblum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Brian Lavey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Anilkumar G Nair
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kerry M Keertikar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Laura Rokosz
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ellen Xia
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ying Zhai
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Stephanie Curry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Patricia McMonagle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Paul Ingravallo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ernest Asante-Appiah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Shiying Chen
- Department of PPDM, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Joseph A Kozlowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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5
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Tong L, Yu W, Coburn CA, Meinke PT, Nair AG, Dwyer MP, Chen L, Selyutin O, Rosenblum SB, Jiang Y, Fells J, Hu B, Zhong B, Soll RM, Liu R, Agrawal S, Xia E, Zhai Y, Kong R, Ingravallo P, Nomeir A, Asante-Appiah E, Kozlowski JA. Alternative core development around the tetracyclic indole class of HCV NS5A inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5132-5137. [PMID: 27634194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe our research efforts to develop unique cores in molecules which function as HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitors. In particular, various fused tetracyclic cores were identified which showed genotype and mutant activities comparable to the indole-based tetracyclic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tong
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Wensheng Yu
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Craig A Coburn
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Peter T Meinke
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Anilkumar G Nair
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael P Dwyer
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Oleg Selyutin
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Yueheng Jiang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - James Fells
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Richard M Soll
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ellen Xia
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ying Zhai
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Rong Kong
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Paul Ingravallo
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Amin Nomeir
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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6
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Dwyer MP, Keertikar KM, Chen L, Tong L, Selyutin O, Nair AG, Yu W, Zhou G, Lavey BJ, Yang DY, Wong M, Kim SH, Coburn CA, Rosenblum SB, Zeng Q, Jiang Y, Shankar BB, Rizvi R, Nomeir AA, Liu R, Agrawal S, Xia E, Kong R, Zhai Y, Ingravallo P, Asante-Appiah E, Kozlowski JA. Matched and mixed cap derivatives in the tetracyclic indole class of HCV NS5A inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4106-11. [PMID: 27423481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A matched and mixed capping SAR study was conducted on the tetracyclic indole class of HCV NS5A inhibitors to examine the influence of modifications of this region on the overall HCV virologic resistance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dwyer
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | - Kerry M Keertikar
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ling Tong
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Oleg Selyutin
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Anilkumar G Nair
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Wensheng Yu
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Brian J Lavey
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - De-Yi Yang
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Craig A Coburn
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Stuart B Rosenblum
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Qingbei Zeng
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yueheng Jiang
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Bandarpalle B Shankar
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Razia Rizvi
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Amin A Nomeir
- Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Discovery Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Discovery Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ellen Xia
- Discovery Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Rong Kong
- Discovery Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ying Zhai
- Discovery Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Paul Ingravallo
- Discovery Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ernest Asante-Appiah
- Discovery Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Joseph A Kozlowski
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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7
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Yu W, Coburn CA, Nair AG, Wong M, Rosenblum SB, Zhou G, Dwyer MP, Tong L, Hu B, Zhong B, Hao J, Ji T, Zan S, Kim SH, Zeng Q, Selyutin O, Chen L, Masse F, Agrawal S, Liu R, Xia E, Zhai Y, Curry S, McMonagle P, Ingravallo P, Asante-Appiah E, Lin M, Kozlowski JA. Aryl or heteroaryl substituted aminal derivatives of HCV NS5A inhibitor MK-8742. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3414-20. [PMID: 27394665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe our research efforts around the aryl and heteroaryl substitutions at the aminal carbon of the tetracyclic indole-based HCV NS5A inhibitor MK-8742. A series of potent NS5A inhibitors are described, such as compounds 45-47, 54, 56, and 65, which showed improved potency against clinically relevant and resistance associated HCV variants. The improved potency profiles of these compounds demonstrated an SAR that can improve the potency against GT2b, GT1a Y93H, and GT1a L31V altogether, which was unprecedented in our previous efforts in NS5A inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Craig A Coburn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Anilkumar G Nair
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Stuart B Rosenblum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael P Dwyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jinglai Hao
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Tao Ji
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shuai Zan
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Qingbei Zeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Oleg Selyutin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Frederic Masse
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ellen Xia
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ying Zhai
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Stephanie Curry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Patricia McMonagle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Paul Ingravallo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ernest Asante-Appiah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Mingxiang Lin
- Department of PPDM, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Joseph A Kozlowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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8
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Yu W, Vibulbhan B, Rosenblum SB, Martin GS, Vellekoop AS, Holst CL, Coburn CA, Wong M, Selyutin O, Ji T, Zhong B, Hu B, Chen L, Dwyer MP, Jiang Y, Nair AG, Tong L, Zeng Q, Agrawal S, Carr D, Rokosz L, Liu R, Curry S, McMonagle P, Ingravallo P, Lahser F, Asante-Appiah E, Fells J, Kozlowski JA. Discovery of potent macrocyclic HCV NS5A inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3793-9. [PMID: 27282743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HCV NS5A inhibitors have demonstrated impressive in vitro virologic profiles in HCV replicon assays and robust HCV RNA titer reduction in the clinic making them attractive components for inclusion in an all oral fixed-dose combination (FDC) regimen for the treatment of HCV infection. Merck's effort in this area identified MK-4882 and MK-8325 as early development leads. Herein, we describe the discovery of potent macrocyclic NS5A inhibitors bearing the MK-8325 or MK-4882 core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Bancha Vibulbhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Stuart B Rosenblum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Gregory S Martin
- Albany Molecular Research Inc., 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - A Samuel Vellekoop
- Albany Molecular Research Inc., 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Christian L Holst
- Albany Molecular Research Inc., 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Craig A Coburn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Oleg Selyutin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Tao Ji
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bin Hu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael P Dwyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Yueheng Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Anilkumar G Nair
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Qingbei Zeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Donna Carr
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Laura Rokosz
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Stephanie Curry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Patricia McMonagle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Paul Ingravallo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Fred Lahser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ernest Asante-Appiah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - James Fells
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA
| | - Joseph A Kozlowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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9
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Yu W, Coburn CA, Nair AG, Wong M, Tong L, Dwyer MP, Hu B, Zhong B, Hao J, Yang DY, Selyutin O, Jiang Y, Rosenblum SB, Kim SH, Lavey BJ, Zhou G, Rizvi R, Shankar BB, Zeng Q, Chen L, Agrawal S, Carr D, Rokosz L, Liu R, Curry S, McMonagle P, Ingravallo P, Lahser F, Asante-Appiah E, Nomeir A, Kozlowski JA. Alkyl substituted aminal derivatives of HCV NS5A inhibitor MK-8742. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3800-5. [PMID: 27282742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HCV NS5A inhibitors have demonstrated impressive in vitro potency profiles in HCV replicon assays and robust HCV RNA titer reduction in the clinic making them attractive components for inclusion in an all oral fixed dose combination regimen for the treatment of HCV infection. Herein we describe our continued research efforts around the alkyl "Z group" modification of the tetracyclic indole-based NS5A inhibitor MK-8742, which led to the discovery of a series of potent NS5A inhibitors. Compounds 10 and 19 are of particular interests since they are as potent as our previous leads and have much improved rat pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Craig A Coburn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Anilkumar G Nair
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael P Dwyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jinglai Hao
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - De-Yi Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Oleg Selyutin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Yueheng Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Stuart B Rosenblum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Brian J Lavey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Razia Rizvi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Bandarpalle B Shankar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Qingbei Zeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Donna Carr
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Laura Rokosz
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Stephanie Curry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Patricia McMonagle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Paul Ingravallo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Fred Lahser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ernest Asante-Appiah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Amin Nomeir
- Department of PPDM, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Joseph A Kozlowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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10
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Yu W, Coburn CA, Yang DY, Meinke PT, Wong M, Rosenblum SB, Chen KX, Njoroge GF, Chen L, Dwyer MP, Jiang Y, Nair AG, Selyutin O, Tong L, Zeng Q, Zhong B, Ji T, Hu B, Agrawal S, Xia E, Zhai Y, Liu R, Kong R, Ingravallo P, Asante-Appiah E, Nomeir A, Fells J, Kozlowski JA. Discovery of fused tricyclic core containing HCV NS5A inhibitors with pan-genotype activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3158-3162. [PMID: 27180013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
HCV NS5A inhibitors have demonstrated impressive in vitro potency profiles in HCV replicon assays and robust HCV RNA titer reduction in the clinic making them attractive components for inclusion in an all oral fixed dose combination regimen for the treatment of HCV infection. Herein, we describe research efforts that led to the discovery of a series of fused tricyclic core containing HCV NS5A inhibitors such as 24, 39, 40, 43, and 44 which have pan-genotype activity and are orally bioavailable in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Craig A Coburn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - De-Yi Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Peter T Meinke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Stuart B Rosenblum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kevin X Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - George F Njoroge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael P Dwyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Yueheng Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Anilkumar G Nair
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Oleg Selyutin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Qingbei Zeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Bin Zhong
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Tao Ji
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bin Hu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ellen Xia
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ying Zhai
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Rong Kong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Paul Ingravallo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ernest Asante-Appiah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Amin Nomeir
- Department of PPDM, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - James Fells
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Joseph A Kozlowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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11
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Egbertson M, McGaughey GB, Pitzenberger SM, Stauffer SR, Coburn CA, Stachel SJ, Yang W, Barrow JC, Neilson LA, McWherter M, Perlow D, Fahr B, Munshi S, Allison TJ, Holloway K, Selnick HG, Yang Z, Swestock J, Simon AJ, Sankaranarayanan S, Colussi D, Tugusheva K, Lai MT, Pietrak B, Haugabook S, Jin L, Chen IW, Holahan M, Stranieri-Michener M, Cook JJ, Vacca J, Graham SL. Methyl-substitution of an iminohydantoin spiropiperidine β-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitor has a profound effect on its potency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015. [PMID: 26195137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The IC50 of a beta-secretase (BACE-1) lead compound was improved ∼200-fold from 11 μM to 55 nM through the addition of a single methyl group. Computational chemistry, small molecule NMR, and protein crystallography capabilities were used to compare the solution conformation of the ligand under varying pH conditions to its conformation when bound in the active site. Chemical modification then explored available binding pockets adjacent to the ligand. A strategically placed methyl group not only maintained the required pKa of the piperidine nitrogen and filled a small hydrophobic pocket, but more importantly, stabilized the conformation best suited for optimized binding to the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Egbertson
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | | | - Steven M Pitzenberger
- NMR Structure Elucidation, Process and Analytical Chemistry, WP14-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Craig A Coburn
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Shawn J Stachel
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Wenjin Yang
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, 395 Oyster Point Blvd. Ste. 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - James C Barrow
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Lou Anne Neilson
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Melody McWherter
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Debra Perlow
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Bruce Fahr
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, 395 Oyster Point Blvd. Ste. 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sanjeev Munshi
- Structural Biology, WP 14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Timothy J Allison
- Structural Biology, WP 14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | | | - Harold G Selnick
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - ZhiQiang Yang
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - John Swestock
- Process Chemistry, WP 14-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Adam J Simon
- Pharmacology, WP 26-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | | | - Dennis Colussi
- Pharmacology, WP 26-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | | | - Ming-Tain Lai
- Pharmacology, WP 26-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Beth Pietrak
- Pharmacology, WP 26-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Shari Haugabook
- Pharmacology, WP 26-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Lixia Jin
- Drug Metabolism, WP 75-B Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - I-W Chen
- Drug Metabolism, WP 75-B Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Marie Holahan
- Imaging Research, WP 44c Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Vacca
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Samuel L Graham
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
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12
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Coburn CA, Meinke PT, Chang W, Fandozzi CM, Graham DJ, Hu B, Huang Q, Kargman S, Kozlowski J, Liu R, McCauley JA, Nomeir AA, Soll RM, Vacca JP, Wang D, Wu H, Zhong B, Olsen DB, Ludmerer SW. Discovery of MK-8742: an HCV NS5A inhibitor with broad genotype activity. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1930-40. [PMID: 24127258 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The NS5A protein plays a critical role in the replication of HCV and has been the focus of numerous research efforts over the past few years. NS5A inhibitors have shown impressive in vitro potency profiles in HCV replicon assays, making them attractive components for inclusion in all oral combination regimens. Early work in the NS5A arena led to the discovery of our first clinical candidate, MK-4882 [2-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-5-(2-(4-(5-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)benzofuran-5-yl)-1H-imidazole]. While preclinical proof-of-concept studies in HCV-infected chimpanzees harboring chronic genotype 1 infections resulted in significant decreases in viral load after both single- and multiple-dose treatments, viral breakthrough proved to be a concern, thus necessitating the development of compounds with increased potency against a number of genotypes and NS5A resistance mutations. Modification of the MK-4882 core scaffold by introduction of a cyclic constraint afforded a series of tetracyclic inhibitors, which showed improved virologic profiles. Herein we describe the research efforts that led to the discovery of MK-8742, a tetracyclic indole-based NS5A inhibitor, which is currently in phase 2b clinical trials as part of an all-oral, interferon-free regimen for the treatment of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Coburn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck and Company, Inc. West Point, PA 19486 (USA).
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13
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Coburn CA, Luo Y, Cui M, Wang J, Soll R, Dong J, Hu B, Lyon MA, Santarelli VP, Kraus RL, Gregan Y, Wang Y, Fox SV, Binns J, Doran SM, Reiss DR, Tannenbaum PL, Gotter AL, Meinke PT, Renger JJ. Discovery of a Pharmacologically Active Antagonist of the Two-Pore-Domain Potassium Channel K2P9.1 (TASK-3). ChemMedChem 2011; 7:123-33. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Stachel SJ, Coburn CA, Rush D, Jones KL, Zhu H, Rajapakse H, Graham SL, Simon A, Katharine Holloway M, Allison TJ, Munshi SK, Espeseth AS, Zuck P, Colussi D, Wolfe A, Pietrak BL, Lai MT, Vacca JP. Discovery of aminoheterocycles as a novel β-secretase inhibitor class: pH dependence on binding activity part 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2977-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Dandache S, Coburn CA, Oliveira M, Allison TJ, Holloway MK, Wu JJ, Stranix BR, Panchal C, Wainberg MA, Vacca JP. PL-100, a novel HIV-1 protease inhibitor displaying a high genetic barrier to resistance: an in vitro selection study. J Med Virol 2008; 80:2053-63. [PMID: 19040279 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of new HIV inhibitors with distinct resistance profiles is essential in order to combat the development of multi-resistant viral strains. A drug discovery program based on the identification of compounds that are active against drug-resistant viruses has produced PL-100, a novel potent protease inhibitor (PI) that incorporates a lysine-based scaffold. A selection for resistance against PL-100 in cord blood mononuclear cells was performed, using the laboratory-adapted IIIb strain of HIV-1, and it was shown that resistance appears to develop slower against this compound than against amprenavir, which was studied as a control. Four mutations in protease (PR) were selected after 25 weeks: two flap mutations (K45R and M46I) and two novel active site mutations (T80I and P81S). Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that all four mutations were required to develop low-level resistance to PL-100, which is indicative of the high genetic barrier of the compound. Importantly, these mutations did not cause cross-resistance to currently marketed PIs. In contrast, the P81S mutation alone caused hypersensitivity to two other PIs, saquinavir (SQV) and nelfinavir (NFV). Analysis of p55Gag processing showed that a marked defect in protease activity caused by mutation P81S could only be compensated when K45R and M46I were present. These data correlated well with the replication capacity (RC) of the mutant viruses as measured by a standard viral growth assay, since only viruses containing all four mutations approached the RC of wild type virus. X-ray crystallography provided insight on the structural basis of the resistance conferred by the identified mutations.
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16
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Stachel SJ, Coburn CA, Sankaranarayanan S, Price EA, Wu G, Crouthamel M, Pietrak BL, Huang Q, Lineberger J, Espeseth AS, Jin L, Ellis J, Holloway MK, Munshi S, Allison T, Hazuda D, Simon AJ, Graham SL, Vacca JP. Macrocyclic Inhibitors of β-Secretase: Functional Activity in an Animal Model. J Med Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/jm061234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Katharine Holloway M, McGaughey GB, Coburn CA, Stachel SJ, Jones KG, Stanton EL, Gregro AR, Lai MT, Crouthamel MC, Pietrak BL, Munshi SK. Evaluating scoring functions for docking and designing beta-secretase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:823-7. [PMID: 17107793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several simple scoring methods were examined for 2 series of beta-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitors to identify a docking/scoring protocol which could be used to design BACE-1 inhibitors in a drug discovery program. Both the PLP1 score and MMFFs interaction energy (E(inter)) performed as well or better than more computationally intensive methods for a set of substrate-based inhibitors, while the latter performed well for both sets of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Katharine Holloway
- Department of Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA. kate_
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18
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Stachel SJ, Coburn CA, Sankaranarayanan S, Price EA, Wu G, Crouthamel M, Pietrak BL, Huang Q, Lineberger J, Espeseth AS, Jin L, Ellis J, Holloway MK, Munshi S, Allison T, Hazuda D, Simon AJ, Graham SL, Vacca JP. Macrocyclic Inhibitors of β-Secretase: Functional Activity in an Animal Model. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6147-50. [PMID: 17034118 DOI: 10.1021/jm060884i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A macrocyclic inhibitor of beta-secretase was designed by covalently cross-linking the P1 and P3 side chains of an isophthalamide-based inhibitor. Macrocyclization resulted in significantly improved potency and physical properties when compared to the initial lead structures. More importantly, these macrocyclic inhibitors also displayed in vivo amyloid lowering when dosed in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn J Stachel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Molecular Systems and Structural Biology Merck Research Laboratories, Post Office Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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19
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Coburn CA, Stachel SJ, Jones KG, Steele TG, Rush DM, DiMuzio J, Pietrak BL, Lai MT, Huang Q, Lineberger J, Jin L, Munshi S, Katharine Holloway M, Espeseth A, Simon A, Hazuda D, Graham SL, Vacca JP. BACE-1 inhibition by a series of ψ[CH2NH] reduced amide isosteres. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3635-8. [PMID: 16690314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE-1) inhibitors containing a psi(CH2NH) reduced amide bond were synthesized. Incorporation of this reduced amide isostere as a non-cleavable peptide surrogate afforded inhibitors possessing low nanomolar potencies in both an enzymatic and cell-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Coburn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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20
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Stachel SJ, Coburn CA, Steele TG, Crouthamel MC, Pietrak BL, Lai MT, Holloway MK, Munshi SK, Graham SL, Vacca JP. Conformationally biased P3 amide replacements of β-secretase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:641-4. [PMID: 16263281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized and evaluated a series of conformationally biased P3 amide replacements based on an isophthalamide lead structure. The studies resulted in the identification of the beta-secretase inhibitor 7m which has an in vitro IC(50)=35 nM. The synthesis and biological activities of these compounds are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn J Stachel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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21
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Deng JZ, McMasters DR, Rabbat PMA, Williams PD, Coburn CA, Yan Y, Kuo LC, Lewis SD, Lucas BJ, Krueger JA, Strulovici B, Vacca JP, Lyle TA, Burgey CS. Development of an oxazolopyridine series of dual thrombin/factor Xa inhibitors via structure-guided lead optimization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4411-6. [PMID: 16137886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Revised: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin-inhibitor X-ray crystal structures, in combination with the installation of binding elements optimized within the pyrazinone series of thrombin inhibitors, were utilized to transform a weak triazolopyrimidine lead into a series of potent oxazolopyridines. A modification intended to attenuate plasma protein binding (i.e., conversion of the P3 pyridine to a piperidine) conferred significant factor Xa activity to this series. Ultimately, these dual thrombin/factor Xa inhibitors demonstrated excellent in vitro and in vivo anticoagulant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Z Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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22
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Pietrak BL, Crouthamel MC, Tugusheva K, Lineberger JE, Xu M, DiMuzio JM, Steele T, Espeseth AS, Stachel SJ, Coburn CA, Graham SL, Vacca JP, Shi XP, Simon AJ, Hazuda DJ, Lai MT. Biochemical and cell-based assays for characterization of BACE-1 inhibitors. Anal Biochem 2005; 342:144-51. [PMID: 15958191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of beta-amyloid peptides (A beta42 and A beta40) in neuritic plaques is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A beta peptides are derived from sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretases. BACE-1 has been shown to be the major beta-secretase and is a primary therapeutic target for AD. In this article, two novel assays for the characterization of BACE-1 inhibitors are reported. The first is a sensitive 96-well HPLC biochemical assay that uses a unique substrate containing an optimized peptide cleavage sequence, NFEV, spanning from the P2-P2' positions This substrate was processed by BACE-1 approximately 10 times more efficiently than was the widely used substrate containing the Swedish (NLDA) sequence. As a result, the concentration of the enzyme required for the assay can be as low as 100 pM, permitting the evaluation of inhibitors with subnanomolar potency. The assay has also been applied to related aspartyl proteases such as cathepsin D (Cat D) and BACE-2. The second assay is a homogeneous electrochemiluminescence assay for the evaluation of BACE-1 inhibition in cultured cells that assesses the level of secreted amyloid EV40_NF from HEK293T cells stably transfected with APP containing the novel NFEV sequence. To illustrate the use of these assays, the properties of a potent, cell-active BACE-1 inhibitor are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Pietrak
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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23
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24
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Espeseth AS, Xu M, Huang Q, Coburn CA, Jones KLG, Ferrer M, Zuck PD, Strulovici B, Price EA, Wu G, Wolfe AL, Lineberger JE, Sardana M, Tugusheva K, Pietrak BL, Crouthamel MC, Lai MT, Dodson EC, Bazzo R, Shi XP, Simon AJ, Li Y, Hazuda DJ. Compounds that bind APP and inhibit Abeta processing in vitro suggest a novel approach to Alzheimer disease therapeutics. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:17792-7. [PMID: 15737955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414331200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular deposits of aggregated amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides are a hallmark of Alzheimer disease; thus, inhibition of Abeta production and/or aggregation is an appealing strategy to thwart the onset and progression of this disease. The release of Abeta requires processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by both beta- and gamma-secretase. Using an assay that incorporates full-length recombinant APP as a substrate for beta-secretase (BACE), we have identified a series of compounds that inhibit APP processing, but do not affect the cleavage of peptide substrates by BACE1. These molecules also inhibit the processing of APP and Abeta by BACE2 and selectively inhibit the production of Abeta(42) species by gamma-secretase in assays using CTF99. The compounds bind directly to APP, likely within the Abeta domain, and therefore, unlike previously described inhibitors of the secretase enzymes, their mechanism of action is mediated through APP. These studies demonstrate that APP binding agents can affect its processing through multiple pathways, providing proof of concept for novel strategies aimed at selectively modulating Abeta production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Espeseth
- Biological Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, and Automated Biotechnology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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25
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Stachel SJ, Coburn CA, Steele TG, Jones KG, Loutzenhiser EF, Gregro AR, Rajapakse HA, Lai MT, Crouthamel MC, Xu M, Tugusheva K, Lineberger JE, Pietrak BL, Espeseth AS, Shi XP, Chen-Dodson E, Holloway MK, Munshi S, Simon AJ, Kuo L, Vacca JP. Structure-based design of potent and selective cell-permeable inhibitors of human beta-secretase (BACE-1). J Med Chem 2005; 47:6447-50. [PMID: 15588077 DOI: 10.1021/jm049379g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of cell-permeable beta-secretase inhibitors that demonstratively inhibit the production of the secreted amino terminal fragment of an artificial amyloid precursor protein in cell culture. In addition to potent inhibition in a cell-based assay (IC50 < 100 nM), these inhibitors display impressive selectivity against other biologically relevant aspartyl proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn J Stachel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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26
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Coburn CA, Stachel SJ, Li YM, Rush DM, Steele TG, Chen-Dodson E, Holloway MK, Xu M, Huang Q, Lai MT, DiMuzio J, Crouthamel MC, Shi XP, Sardana V, Chen Z, Munshi S, Kuo L, Makara GM, Annis DA, Tadikonda PK, Nash HM, Vacca JP, Wang T. Identification of a Small Molecule Nonpeptide Active Site β-Secretase Inhibitor That Displays a Nontraditional Binding Mode for Aspartyl Proteases. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6117-9. [PMID: 15566281 DOI: 10.1021/jm049388p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A small molecule nonpeptide inhibitor of beta-secretase has been developed, and its binding has been defined through crystallographic determination of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. The molecule is shown to bind to the catalytic aspartate residues in an unprecedented manner in the field of aspartyl protease inhibition. Additionally, the complex reveals a heretofore unknown S(3) subpocket that is created by the inhibitor. This structure has served an important role in the design of newer beta-secretase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Coburn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laoratories, West Point, PA 19486-0004, USA.
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27
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Brady SF, Singh S, Crouthamel MC, Holloway MK, Coburn CA, Garsky VM, Bogusky M, Pennington MW, Vacca JP, Hazuda D, Lai MT. Rational design and synthesis of selective BACE-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:601-4. [PMID: 14741251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An effective approach for enhancing the selectivity of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE 1) inhibitors is developed based on the unique features of the S1' pocket of the enzyme. A series of low molecular weight (<600) compounds were synthesized with different moieties at the P1' position. The selectivity of BACE 1 inhibitors versus cathepsin D and renin was enhanced 120-fold by replacing the hydrophobic propyl group with a hydrophilic propionic acid group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Brady
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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28
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Burgey CS, Robinson KA, Lyle TA, Sanderson PEJ, Lewis SD, Lucas BJ, Krueger JA, Singh R, Miller-Stein C, White RB, Wong B, Lyle EA, Williams PD, Coburn CA, Dorsey BD, Barrow JC, Stranieri MT, Holahan MA, Sitko GR, Cook JJ, McMasters DR, McDonough CM, Sanders WM, Wallace AA, Clayton FC, Bohn D, Leonard YM, Detwiler TJ, Lynch JJ, Yan Y, Chen Z, Kuo L, Gardell SJ, Shafer JA, Vacca JP. Metabolism-directed optimization of 3-aminopyrazinone acetamide thrombin inhibitors. Development of an orally bioavailable series containing P1 and P3 pyridines. J Med Chem 2003; 46:461-73. [PMID: 12570369 DOI: 10.1021/jm020311f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts in the field of thrombin inhibitor research have focused on the identification of compounds with good oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. In this manuscript we describe a metabolism-based approach to the optimization of the 3-(2-phenethylamino)-6-methylpyrazinone acetamide template (e.g., 1) which resulted in the modification of each of the three principal components (i.e., P1, P2, P3) comprising this series. As a result of these studies, several potent thrombin inhibitors (e.g., 20, 24, 25) were identified which exhibit high levels of oral bioavailability and long plasma half-lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Burgey
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Drug Metabolism, Molecular Systems, Structural Biology, and Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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29
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30
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Parker KA, Coburn CA, Johnson PD, Aristoff P. Reductive aromatization of quinols. New convenient methods for the regiospecific synthesis of p-hydroxy C-aryl glycals. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00046a049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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32
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33
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34
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Parker KA, Coburn CA. Regioselectivity in intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Synthesis of the potent anti HIV-I 8-halo TIBO analogs. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00027a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Parker KA, Coburn CA, Koh YH. Reductive and Nonreductive Aromatization of Quinol Ketal Glycals. Models for the Preparation of C-Aryl Glycoside Natural Products. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00114a057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Parker KA, Coburn CA. A strategy for the convergent synthesis of gilvocarcins via chromium carbene benzannulation. 1-O-Methyldefucogilvocarcin V in seven steps. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00004a058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Coburn CA, Rush DM, Williams PD, Homnick C, Lyle EA, Lewis SD, Lucas BJ, Di Muzio-Mower JM, Juliano M, Krueger JA, Vastag K, Chen IW, Vacca JP. Bicyclic pyridones as potent, efficacious and orally bioavailable thrombin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1069-72. [PMID: 10843219 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new class of conformationally constrained thrombin inhibitors is described. These compounds contain a unique bicyclic pyridone scaffold which serves as a P3P2 dipeptide surrogate. The synthesis and antithrombotic activity of these inhibitors is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Coburn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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38
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39
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Danishefsky SJ, Masters JJ, Young WB, Link JT, Snyder LB, Magee TV, Jung DK, Isaacs RCA, Bornmann WG, Alaimo CA, Coburn CA, Di Grandi MJ. Total Synthesis of Baccatin III and Taxol. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja952692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - John J. Masters
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - Wendy B. Young
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - J. T. Link
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - Lawrence B. Snyder
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - Thomas V. Magee
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - David K. Jung
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - Richard C. A. Isaacs
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - William G. Bornmann
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - Cheryl A. Alaimo
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - Craig A. Coburn
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - Martin J. Di Grandi
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
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40
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Parker KA, Coburn CA. A strategy for the convergent synthesis of gilvocarcins via chromium carbene benzannulation. 1-O-Methyldefucogilvocarcin V in seven steps. [Erratum to document cited in CA114(9):82308r]. J Org Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00030a053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Parket KA, Coburn CA. Reductive aromatization of quinol ketals: a new synthesis of C-aryl glycosides. [Erratum to document cited in CA115(19):208369c]. J Am Chem Soc 1992. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00030a089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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