Spanish version of Multidimensional Mentalizing Questionnaire (MMQ): Translation, adaptation and psychometric properties in a Chilean population

This paper presents the first translation and adaptation of the Multidimensional Mentalizing Questionnaire (MMQ) into Spanish for a native Spanish-speaking sample in Chile. The study examines the psychometric properties and internal consistency of the translated MMQ. The instrument undergoes modifications based on a confirmatory factor analysis of the original structure, resulting in the elimination of items with cross-loadings and improvement in model fit. The modified scale is then analyzed, demonstrating strong psychometric properties. Convergent evidence is assessed by correlating MMQ subscales with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Empathy Quotient (EQ), while divergent evidence is assessed by correlating aggressive traits using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The study also explores gender differences and age. Results reveal positive correlations between good mentalizing and empathy, particularly cognitive empathy, supporting the significance of positive mentalization in empathy. Negative mentalization is associated with difficulties in perspective-taking and social skills, as well as aggressive traits. Gender differences in mentalizing capacities are observed, and negative aspects of mentalization decrease with age. The availability of the Spanish translation of the MMQ, the first self-reporting scale measuring mentalization adapted to Chilean population, contributes to research aiming to understand its relationship with other psychological phenomena in different cultural context and facilitating clinical interventions with different population groups. We therefore encourage further investigation into cultural, gender and age differences in mentalization.

Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis of the life attitude profile in Chilean adolescents

Adolescents are challenged to take decisions about issues associated to the vital circle and the comprehension of the world. Meaning in life (MiL) takes a leading role in adolescence. Reker and Peacock developed the Life Attitude Profile (LAP) for assessing MiL, and Erci developed a revised version (LAP-R). The main objective of this study was to analyze the factorial structure, reliability, invariance across gender, and absence/presence of assessment bias of a Spanish adaptation of the Turkish LAP-R among 2138 Chilean adolescents (1205 boys, 912 girls, and 8 others), who were studying in 3rd and 4th year. The LAP-R showed an acceptable structural validity, acceptable internal consistency, and invariance across gender. MiL as a significant domain of human experience in adolescents.

El rol de la empatía y apertura en la intimidad de las amistades adolescentes

Si bien se ha estudiado la relevancia de las amistades de calidad como un factor favorecedor del bienestar de los adolescentes, es menos claro cuáles son las variables que facilitan que las amistades sean percibidas como íntimas. Este estudio aporta evidencias sobre el rol que podría cumplir la empatía para favorecer la construcción de amistades íntimas, utilizando como referencia el modelo de intimidad interpersonal (Reis & Shaver, 1988), que plantea que la intimidad se logra y construye desde la apertura de experiencias personales con amigos. El diseño es no experimental y la muestra corresponde a preadolescentes y adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años. A través de un modelo SEM, se contrastó y confirmó el modelo hipotetizado, encontrándose que la empatía afectiva y cognitiva tienen un efecto en la dimensión de apertura, y que esta dimensión a su vez media la relación entre ambas formas de empatía con la intimidad. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de los procesos a través de los que se mantiene la intimidad en la adolescencia, y sobre cómo la empatía puede ser un factor explicativo de estos procesos.