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Mathieu C, Dandona P, Gillard P, Senior P, Hasslacher C, Araki E, Lind M, Bain SC, Jabbour S, Arya N, Hansen L, Thorén F, Langkilde AM, Luquez C, Manghi FP, Ulla MR, Moisello MA, Visco V, De Lapertoza SG, Solis SE, Farias J, Sposetti G, Gillard P, Abrams P, van Ypersele de Strihou M, Conway J, Pedersen S, Senior P, Liutkus JF, Yip CE, Punthakee Z, Bernier F, Lochnan H, Woo V, Elliott T, Palma J, Merino CS, Vargas AD, Wendisch U, Reichel A, Seufert J, Becker B, Alawi H, Birkenfeld AL, Hasslacher C, Luedemann J, Schaum T, Marck C, Sauter J, Aigner U, Onishi Y, Seino H, Sato Y, Nunoi K, Yamauchi A, Nakashima E, Ikeda H, Shiraiwa T, Yamasaki Y, Yokoyama H, Nakamura K, Noritake M, Miyauchi S, Hakoda T, Hirohata Y, Hasegawa A, Fukumoto Y, Nagashima H, Takihata M, Kamada T, Jinnouchi H, Ono Y, Watanabe T, Ohashi H, Takai M, Seguchi T, Yamazaki K, Maeda H, Iwasaki S, De Valk H, Kooy A, Landewe-Cleuren S, Madziarska K, Stankiewicz A, Wasilewska K, Rudofsky G, Malecki M, Pankowska E, Szyprowska E, Lukaszewicz M, Tokarska L, Bondar I, Karpova I, Ruyatkina L, Zalevskaya A, Sardinov R, Khalimov Y, Sjoberg F, Koskinen P, Curiac D, Lind M, Bach-Kliegel B, Schultes B, Issa BG, Kilvert A, Pereira O, Bain S, Mishra B, Bhatnagar D, Chuck L, Gorson D, Robertson D, Casaubon L, Chaykin L, Frias JP, Hsia S, Jenders R, Lerman S, Segel S, Weissman P, Chang A, Reed J, Madu IJ, Bressler P, Abbott L, Gangi S, Wheeler K, Cohen K, Biggs W, Jabbour S, Karounos D, Menon S, Miers W, Aleppo G, Lefebvre G, Sugimoto D, Ferraro R, Kelly R, Twahirwa M, Case C, Klonoff D, Denker P, Hollander P, Welch M, Leinung M, Kotek L, McGill J, Shlesinger Y, Huffman C, Aronoff S, Lorber D, Terrelonge A, Akhrass F, Bredefeld C, Hershon K, Lenhard J, Donovan D, Stonesifer L, Greenberg C, Ipp E, Bhargava A, Bao S. Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Type 1 Diabetes (the DEPICT-2 Study): 24-Week Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1938-1946. [PMID: 30026335 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This 24-week, double-blinded, phase 3 clinical trial (DEPICT-2; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02460978) evaluated efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin as adjunct therapy to adjustable insulin in patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes (HbA1c 7.5-10.5%). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to dapagliflozin 5 mg (n = 271), dapagliflozin 10 mg (n = 270), or placebo (n = 272) plus insulin. Insulin dose was adjusted by investigators according to self-monitored glucose readings, local guidance, and individual circumstances. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment groups. At week 24, dapagliflozin significantly decreased HbA1c (primary outcome; difference vs. placebo: dapagliflozin 5 mg -0.37% [95% CI -0.49, -0.26], dapagliflozin 10 mg -0.42% [-0.53, -0.30]), total daily insulin dose (-10.78% [-13.73, -7.72] and -11.08% [-14.04, -8.02], respectively), and body weight (-3.21% [-3.96, -2.45] and -3.74% [-4.49, -2.99], respectively) (P < 0.0001 for all). Mean interstitial glucose, amplitude of glucose excursion, and percent of readings within target glycemic range (>70 to ≤180 mg/dL) versus placebo were significantly improved. More patients receiving dapagliflozin achieved a reduction in HbA1c ≥0.5% without severe hypoglycemia compared with placebo. Adverse events were reported for 72.7%, 67.0%, and 63.2% of patients receiving dapagliflozin 5 mg, dapagliflozin 10 mg, and placebo, respectively. Hypoglycemia, including severe hypoglycemia, was balanced between groups. There were more adjudicated definite diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) events with dapagliflozin: 2.6%, 2.2%, and 0% for dapagliflozin 5 mg, dapagliflozin 10 mg, and placebo, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dapagliflozin as adjunct therapy to adjustable insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes was well tolerated and improved glycemic control with no increase in hypoglycemia versus placebo but with more DKA events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paresh Dandona
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Pieter Gillard
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Senior
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Marcus Lind
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, NU Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Sweden
| | - Stephen C. Bain
- Diabetes Research Unit, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, U.K
| | - Serge Jabbour
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Arnold LM, Arsenault P, Huffman C, Patrick JL, Messig M, Chew ML, Sanin L, Scavone JM, Pauer L, Clair AG. Once daily controlled-release pregabalin in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia: a phase III, double-blind, randomized withdrawal, placebo-controlled study. Curr Med Res Opin 2014; 30:2069-83. [PMID: 24867298 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2014.928275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Safety and efficacy of a once daily controlled-released (CR) formulation of pregabalin was evaluated in patients with fibromyalgia using a placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal design. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This multicenter study included 6 week single-blind pregabalin CR treatment followed by 13 week double-blind treatment with placebo or pregabalin CR. The starting dose of 165 mg/day was escalated during the first 3 weeks, up to 495 mg/day based on efficacy and tolerability. Patients with ≥50% reduction in average daily pain score at the end of the single-blind phase were randomized to continue pregabalin CR at the optimized dose (330-495 mg/day) or to placebo. The primary endpoint was time to loss of therapeutic response (LTR), defined as <30% pain reduction relative to single-blind baseline or discontinuation owing to lack of efficacy or adverse event (AE). Secondary endpoints included measures of pain severity, global assessment, functional status, tiredness/fatigue, and sleep. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01271933. RESULTS A total of 441 patients entered the single-blind phase, and 63 were randomized to pregabalin CR and 58 to placebo. The median time to LTR (Kaplan-Meier analysis) was significantly longer in the pregabalin CR group than placebo (58 vs. 22 days, p = 0.02). By trial end, 34/63 (54.0%) pregabalin CR and 41/58 (70.7%) placebo patients experienced LTR. Significantly more patients reported 'benefit from treatment' (Benefit, Satisfaction, and Willingness to Continue Scale) in the pregabalin CR group; no other secondary endpoints were statistically significant. Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity (most frequent: dizziness, somnolence). The percentage of pregabalin CR patients discontinuing because of AEs was 12.2% and 4.8% in the single-blind and double-blind phases, respectively (placebo, 0%). CONCLUSIONS Time to LTR was significantly longer with pregabalin CR versus placebo in fibromyalgia patients who initially showed improvement with pregabalin CR, indicating maintenance of response. Pregabalin CR was well tolerated in most patients. Generalizability may be limited by study duration and selective population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley M Arnold
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
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Abstract
End-stage renal disease, cirrhosis, obesity, tachycardia, and extreme stress have all been shown to result in impaired left ventricular function. It is becoming clear, however, that the cardiomyopathies associated with these states are reversible after resolution of the underlying process. In this article, we present the current data demonstrating that renal transplantation, liver transplantation, and bariatric surgery can lead to reversal of uremic, cirrhotic, and obesity cardiomyopathies, respectively. We also discuss the reversibility of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy after radiofrequency ablation or pharmacologic therapy for rate or rhythm control and the reversibility of stress-induced cardiomyopathy with supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Ross AK, Davis PJ, Dear Gd GL, Ginsberg B, McGowan FX, Stiller RD, Henson LG, Huffman C, Muir KT. Pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in anesthetized pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery or diagnostic procedures. Anesth Analg 2001; 93:1393-401, table of contents. [PMID: 11726413 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200112000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Remifentanil hydrochloride is an ultra-short-acting opioid that undergoes rapid metabolism by tissue and plasma esterases. We aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics and determine the hemodynamic profile of remifentanil after a single-bolus dose in children aged 0 to 18 yr. Forty-two children undergoing elective surgical procedures received remifentanil 5 microg/kg infused over 1 min. Patients were divided into age groups as follows: young infants (< or =2 mo), older infants (> 2 mo to < 2 yr), young children (2 to < 7 yr), older children (7 to < 13 yr), adolescents (13 to < 16 yr), and young adults (16 to < 18 yr). Arterial blood samples were collected and analyzed by mass spectroscopy to determine remifentanil pharmacokinetic profiles. Hemodynamic measurements for remifentanil's effect were made after the infusion. Methods of statistical analysis included analysis of variance and linear regression, with significance at P < or = 0.05. Complete remifentanil pharmacokinetic data were obtained from 34 patients. The volume of distribution was largest in the infants < 2 mo (mean, 452 mL/kg) and decreased to means of 223 to 308 mL/kg in the older patients. There was a more rapid clearance in the infants < 2 mo of age (90 mL. kg(-1). min(-1)) and infants 2 mo to 2 yr (92 mL. kg(-1). min(-1)) than in the other groups (means, 46 to 76 mL. kg(-1). min(-1)). The half-life was similar in all age groups, with means of 3.4 to 5.7 min. Seven subjects (17%) developed hypotension related to the remifentanil bolus. Remifentanil showed an extremely rapid elimination similar to that in adults. The fast clearance rates observed in neonates and infants, as well as the lack of age-related changes in half-life, are in sharp contrast to the pharmacokinetic profile of other opioids. Remifentanil in a bolus dose of 5 microg/kg may cause hypotension in anesthetized children. IMPLICATIONS The pharmacokinetics of remifentanil were studied in children from birth to 18 yr. Remifentanil was found to have age-related changes in clearance and volume of distribution, but not half-life. The increased clearance observed in young infants is in contrast to other opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ross
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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