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Alhajj MN, Khader Y, Murad AH, Celebic A, Halboub E, Márquez JR, Macizo CC, Khan S, Basnet BB, Makzoumé JE, de Sousa-Neto MD, Camargo R, Prasad DA, Faheemuddin M, Mir S, Elkholy S, Abdullah AG, Ibrahim AA, Al-Anesi MS, Al-Basmi AA. Perceived sources of stress amongst dental students: A multicountry study. Eur J Dent Educ 2018; 22:258-271. [PMID: 29607584 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to explore the perceived sources of stress reported by dental students from fourteen different countries. METHODS A total of 3568 dental students were recruited from 14 different dental schools. The dental environmental stress (DES) questionnaire was used including 7 domains. Responses to the DES were scored in 4-point Likert scale. Comparison between students was performed according to the study variables. The top 5 stress-provoking questions were identified amongst dental schools. Data were analysed using SPSS software program. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used as appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted to determine the effect of the studied variables on the stress domains. The level of statistical significance was set at <.05. RESULTS Internal consistency of the scale was excellent (0.927). Female students formed the majority of the total student population. The percentage of married students was 4.8%. Numbers of students in pre-clinical and clinical stages were close together. The most stress-provoking domain was "workload" with a score of 2.05 ± 0.56. Female students scored higher stress than male students did in most of the domains. Significant differences were found between participating countries in all stress-provoking domains. Dental students from Egypt scored the highest level of stress whilst dental students from Jordan scored the lowest level of stress. CONCLUSION The self-reported stress in the dental environment is still high and the stressors seem to be comparable amongst the participating countries. Effective management programmes are needed to minimise dental environment stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Alhajj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Y Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - A H Murad
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, Al-Qadisiyah University, Al-Diwaniya, Iraq
| | - A Celebic
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - E Halboub
- Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - J R Márquez
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - C C Macizo
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - S Khan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B B Basnet
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown-Bridge, College of Dental Surgery, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - J E Makzoumé
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M D de Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D A Prasad
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown-Bridge, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
| | - M Faheemuddin
- Department of Prosthodontics, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Mir
- Private Dental Clinic, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Elkholy
- Department of Implants and Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A G Abdullah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - A A Ibrahim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Gazira University, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - M S Al-Anesi
- Conservative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
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Abstract
Full-fat soybeans processed by grinding, roasting, or heating by microwave were used to supply the protein in rations fed Holstein calves. Nitrogen digestibilities of the rations were not significantly different. Nitrogen retention for the roasted soybean ration was higher than that of raw or microwave-heated soybean rations. Nitrogen solubility of the roasted soybeans was lower than that of the other soybeans. Protein hydrolysis, as measured by a new in vitro technique, was higher for the roasted soybeans than for the raw or microwave-heated beans. There were no significant differences in the digestibilities of dry matter, ether extract, or nitrogen free extract among the three rations. Digestibility of crude fiber was lower for the roasted ration than for the other rations.
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