Telephone follow-up after discharge from the hospital: does it make a difference?

Two systems of telephone follow-up of discharged patients were compared in this 3-month study. All medical and surgical patients on five nursing units of one acute care institution were included, yielding a sample of over 1,400 patients. One group of patients was called 2 to 3 days after discharge; another group received a brochure describing a nurse-run telephone service they could call. A third group of patients received no intervention. More than 90% of patients who were called had questions about self-care and recovery at home. Only nine patients initiated calls to the nurse telephone service. The three groups did not differ in patient satisfaction with health education or readmission rates within 30 days of discharge. This study suggests that patients have continued health education needs after discharge but are unlikely to actively seek needed information from a hospital-based telephone service.

Nicotine dependence in women

Cigarette smoking is the most preventable cause of death in the United States, accounting for the deaths of approximately 140,000 women annually. Despite the known health risks, women continue to begin and continue smoking at high rates. Like other addictive drugs, nicotine becomes reinforcing with repeated use, induces euphoric sensations, and is self-administered. Tolerance to nicotine's effects develops rapidly and leads to increased use. Reducing or suppressing tobacco consumption produces a withdrawal syndrome characterized by irritability, difficulty concentrating, cognitive impairments, and weight gain. These withdrawal symptoms, along with other factors, lead to relapse rates comparable to those following cessation from other addictive drugs. This review article discusses the pathogenesis of nicotine addiction compared to other addictive substances such as cocaine and heroin with an effort to provide comparative data for men and women.

A fast method for processing biologic material for electron microscopic diagnosis in infectious disease

A fast method for processing biologic material for electron microscopy for precise and specific diagnosis of infectious agents is an increasing necessity. After different, reportedly fast methods were tested, a useful and quick technique was developed that provides well-preserved cellular structures, enabling the etiologic diagnosis of infectious agents even in necrotic tissue or other biologic material such as sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, and the like. This procedure takes less than 3 hours.