[Interpretation for the group standards in the handling of accidental leak coronavirus disease 2019 sample]

Biosafety is an important guarantee of the new coronavirus laboratory test. The accident treatment of sample overflow and sprinkle is a necessary part of the emergency plan for testing activities. Beijing Preventive Medicine Association coordinated biosafety experts of COVID-19 laboratories from Beijing CDC, to write up "The standard for handling of accidents of corona virus disease 2019 sample (T/BPMA 0005-2020)" . The group standard was based on the guidelines of China and WHO, and combined with the practical experience of COVID-19 epidemic and the principle of "scientific, normative, applicable and feasible" . Through all kinds of risk Assessment, it included the spillover of samples caused by the packing of COVID-19 (highly pathogenic) samples, the overflow and sprinkle in the laboratory during the detection operation, and the spillage accident occurred during the transfer of samples in the same building. The standard could guide and standardize the handling methods of accidental overflow and sprinkle that may occur in the SARS-CoV-2 testing laboratories in the city.

[Study on the super-antigen genes of group A Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from patients with scarlet fever and pharyngeal infection, in Beijing, 2015-2017]

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of super-antigen (SAg) of group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), isolated from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections in Beijing between 2015-2017. Methods: Throat swab specimens from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections were collected and tested for GAS. Eleven currently known SAg genes including SpeA, speC, speG, speH, speI, speJ, speK, speL, speM, smeZ and ssa were tested by real-time PCR while M protein genes (emm genes) were amplified and sequenced by PCR. Results: A total of 377 GAS were isolated from 6 801 throat swab specimens, with the positive rate as 5.5%. There were obvious changes noticed among speC, speG, speH and speK in three years. A total of 45 SAg genes profiles were observed, according to the SAgs inclusion. There were significant differences appeared in the frequencies among two of the highest SAg genes profiles between emm1 and emm12 strains (χ(2)=38.196, P<0.001; χ(2)=72.310, P<0.001). There also appeared significant differences in the frequencies of speA, speH, speI and speJ between emm1 and emm12 strains (χ(2)=146.154, P<0.001; χ(2)=52.31, P<0.001; χ(2)=58.43, P<0.001; χ(2)=144.70, P<0.001). Conclusions: Obvious changes were noticed among SAg genes including speC, speG, speH and speK from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections in Beijing between 2015-2017. SAg genes including speA, speH, speI and speJ appeared to be associated with the emm 1 and emm 12 strains. More kinds of SAg genes profiles were isolated form GAS but with no significant differences seen in the main SAg genes profiles, during the epidemic period.

[Open mitral valvuloplasty in 40 cases]

From Dec. 1987 to June 1991, open mitral valvuloplasty was done in 40 patients. Among them rheumatic valve disease was observed in 35 cases. The early postoperative result was excellent. We consider that the requisites for this operation are noncalcification of anterior mitral leaflet with sufficient size and flexibility, without significant fusion and shortening of subvalvar structures, and readiness of valve replacement in case of its failure.

[The double-chambered right ventricle. Report of 8 cases]

From April 1985 to 1988, of 264 patients under went repair of congenital heart defect, 8 patients with double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) were successfully managed. All patients survived well. The catheterization and angiocardiography in the right ventricle(RV) play an important role in the preoperative diagnosis. To avoid missing and incorrect management the surgeon must keep the possibility of DCRV in mind during repair of a VSD. A dimple in the anterior wall of the RV during systole represents the underlying attachment of the aberrant muscular bundle. The right ventricular outflow tract must be explored when through a right atriotomy to repair the VSD and the tricuspid valve must be examined when through a right ventriculotomy.