1
|
Wienhold M, Kirkpatrick A, Xu T, Ripp S, Sayler G, Close D. Improvements in Smartphone and Night Vision Imaging Technologies Enable Low Cost, On-Site Assays of Bioluminescent Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:767313. [PMID: 34869280 PMCID: PMC8640239 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.767313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies enabling on-site environmental detection or medical diagnostics in resource-limited settings have a strong disruptive potential compared to current analytical approaches that require trained personnel in laboratories with immobile, resource intensive instrumentation. Handheld devices, such as smartphones, are now routinely produced with CPUs, RAM, wireless data transfer capabilities, and high-resolution complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras capable of supporting the capture and processing of bioluminescent signals. In theory, combining the capabilities of these devices with continuously bioluminescent human cell-based bioreporters would allow them to replicate the functionality of more expensive, more complex, and less flexible platforms while supporting human-relevant conclusions. In this work, we compare the performance of smartphone (CMOS) and night vision (image intensifier) devices with in vivo (CCD camera), and in vitro (photomultiplier tube) laboratory instrumentation for monitoring signal dynamics from continuously bioluminescent human cellular models under toxic, stable, and induced expression scenarios. All systems detected bioluminescence from cells at common plating densities. While the in vivo and in vitro systems were more sensitive and detected signal dynamics representing cellular health changes earlier, the night vision and smartphone systems also detected these changes with relatively similar coefficients of variation and linear detection capabilities. The smartphone system did not detect transcriptional induction. The night vision system did detect transcriptional activation, but was less sensitive than the in vivo or in vitro systems and required a stronger induction before the change could be resolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tingting Xu
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Steven Ripp
- 490 BioTech, Inc., Knoxville, TN, United States.,Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gary Sayler
- 490 BioTech, Inc., Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Dan Close
- 490 BioTech, Inc., Knoxville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Conway M, Xu T, Kirkpatrick A, Ripp S, Sayler G, Close D. Real-time tracking of stem cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation with autonomous bioluminescence imaging. BMC Biol 2020; 18:79. [PMID: 32620121 PMCID: PMC7333384 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Luminescent reporter proteins are vital tools for visualizing cells and cellular activity. Among the current toolbox of bioluminescent systems, only bacterial luciferase has genetically defined luciferase and luciferin synthesis pathways that are functional at the mammalian cell temperature optimum of 37 °C and have the potential for in vivo applications. However, this system is not functional in all cell types, including stem cells, where the ability to monitor continuously and in real-time cellular processes such as differentiation and proliferation would be particularly advantageous. RESULTS We report that artificial subdivision of the bacterial luciferin and luciferase pathway subcomponents enables continuous or inducible bioluminescence in pluripotent and mesenchymal stem cells when the luciferin pathway is overexpressed with a 20-30:1 ratio. Ratio-based expression is demonstrated to have minimal effects on phenotype or differentiation while enabling autonomous bioluminescence without requiring external excitation. We used this method to assay the proliferation, viability, and toxicology responses of iPSCs and showed that these assays are comparable in their performance to established colorimetric assays. Furthermore, we used the continuous luminescence to track stem cell progeny post-differentiation. Finally, we show that tissue-specific promoters can be used to report cell fate with this system. CONCLUSIONS Our findings expand the utility of bacterial luciferase and provide a new tool for stem cell research by providing a method to easily enable continuous, non-invasive bioluminescent monitoring in pluripotent cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tingting Xu
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | | | - Steven Ripp
- 490 BioTech, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gary Sayler
- 490 BioTech, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Dan Close
- 490 BioTech, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu T, Kirkpatrick A, Toperzer J, Ripp S, Close D. Improving Estrogenic Compound Screening Efficiency by Using Self-Modulating, Continuously Bioluminescent Human Cell Bioreporters Expressing a Synthetic Luciferase. Toxicol Sci 2020; 168:551-560. [PMID: 30629247 PMCID: PMC6432866 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A synthetic bacterial luciferase-based autobioluminescent bioreporter, HEK293ERE/Gal4-Lux, was developed in a human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line for the surveillance of chemicals displaying endocrine disrupting activity. Unlike alternative luminescent reporters, this bioreporter generates bioluminescence autonomously without requiring an external light-activating chemical substrate or cellular destruction. The bioreporter's performance was validated against a library of 76 agonistic and antagonistic estrogenic endocrine disruptor chemicals and demonstrated reproducible half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values meeting the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines for Tier 1 endocrine disrupting chemical screening assays. For model compounds, such as the estrogen receptor (ER) agonist 17β-estradiol, HEK293ERE/Gal4-Lux demonstrated an EC50 value (7.9 × 10-12 M) comparable to that of the current EPA-approved HeLa-9903 firefly luciferase-based estrogen receptor transcription assay (4.6 × 10-12 M). Screening against an expanded array of common ER agonists likewise produced similar relative effect potencies as compared with existing assays. The self-initiated autobioluminescent signal of the bioreporter permitted facile monitoring of the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals, which decreased the cost and hands-on time required to perform these assays. These characteristics make the HEK293ERE/Gal4-Lux bioreporter potentially suitable as a high-throughput human cell-based assay for screening estrogenic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | | | | | - Steven Ripp
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Dan Close
- 490 BioTech, Inc., Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yip D, Kirkpatrick A, Xu T, Masi T, Stephenson S, Ripp S, Close D. Continuous and Real-Time In Vivo Autobioluminescent Imaging in a Mouse Model. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2081:191-201. [PMID: 31721126 PMCID: PMC7179073 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9940-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2024]
Abstract
In vivo small animal bioluminescent imaging has become an indispensable technique for interrogating the localization, health, and functionality of implanted cells within the complex environment of a living organism. However, this task can be daunting for even the most experienced researchers because it requires multiple animal handling steps and produces differential output signal characteristics in response to a number of experimental design variables. The recent emergence of autobioluminescent cells, which autonomously and continuously produce bioluminescent output signals without external stimulation, has the potential to simplify this process, reduce variability by removing human-induced error, and improve animal welfare by reducing the number of required needlesticks per procedure. This protocol details the implantation and imaging of autobioluminescent cells within a mouse model to demonstrate how cells implanted from a single injection can be imaged repeatedly across any post-implantation timescale without the need for further human-animal interaction or signal activation steps. This approach provides a facile means to continuously monitor implanted cellular output signals in real-time for extended time periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Yip
- 490 BioTech Inc., Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Tingting Xu
- The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tom Masi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Stacy Stephenson
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Steven Ripp
- 490 BioTech Inc., Knoxville, TN, USA
- The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Dan Close
- 490 BioTech Inc., Knoxville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
In vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI) permits the visualization of engineered bioluminescence from living cells and tissues to provide a unique perspective toward the understanding of biological processes as they occur within the framework of an authentic in vivo environment. The toolbox of in vivo BLI includes an inventory of luciferase compounds capable of generating bioluminescent light signals along with sophisticated and powerful instrumentation designed to detect and quantify these light signals non-invasively as they emit from the living subject. The information acquired reveals the dynamics of a wide range of biological functions that play key roles in the physiological and pathological control of disease and its therapeutic management. This mini review provides an overview of the tools and applications central to the evolution of in vivo BLI as a core technology in the preclinical imaging disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN , USA
| | - Dan Close
- 490 BioTech, Inc. , Knoxville, TN , USA
| | - Winode Handagama
- The Department of Biology, Maryville College , Maryville, TN , USA
| | - Enolia Marr
- The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN , USA
| | - Gary Sayler
- The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; 490 BioTech, Inc., Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Steven Ripp
- The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; 490 BioTech, Inc., Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weinblatt M, McInnes I, Kremer J, Miranda P, Vencovský J, Godwood A, Albulescu M, Close D, Burmester G. SAT0146 Earth Explorer 2, A Phase IIB Exploratory Study Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of Mavrilimumab, A Fully Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor-Alpha Monoclonal Antibody, and The Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonist Golimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
7
|
Xu T, Marr E, Lam H, Ripp S, Sayler G, Close D. Real-time toxicity and metabolic activity tracking of human cells exposed to Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a mixed consortia. Ecotoxicology 2015; 24:2133-2140. [PMID: 26423391 PMCID: PMC5597431 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a significant human pathogen that is continually responsible for sickness, and even death, on a worldwide scale. While the pathology of E. coli O157:H7 infection has been well studied, the effect of it's multiple resulting cytotoxic mechanisms on host metabolic activity has not been well characterized. To develop a more thorough understanding of these effects, several bioluminescence assays were evaluated for their ability to track both toxicity and host metabolic activity levels in real-time. The use of continuously autobioluminescent human cells was determined to be the most favorable method for tracking these metrics, as its self-sufficient autobioluminescent phenotype was unaffected by the presence of the infecting bacteria and its signal could be measured without cellular destruction. Using this approach, it was determined that infection with as few as 10 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 could elicit cytotoxic effects. Regardless of the initial infective dose, an impact on metabolic expression was not observed until bacterial populations reached levels between 5 × 10(5) and 1 × 10(6) (R(2) = 0.933), indicating that a critical bacterial infection level must be reached prior to the onset of cytotoxic effects. Supporting this hypothesis, it was found that cells displaying infection-mediated metabolic activity reductions could recover to wild type metabolic activity levels if the infecting bacteria were removed prior to cell death. These results indicate that rapid treatment of E. coli O157:H7 infection could serve to limit host metabolic impact and reduce overall host cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, 1414 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Enolia Marr
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, 1414 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Haylie Lam
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, 1414 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Steven Ripp
- 490 BioTech, Inc., 2450 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gary Sayler
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, 1414 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Dan Close
- 490 BioTech, Inc., 2450 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akinosho H, Rydzak T, Borole A, Ragauskas A, Close D. Toxicological challenges to microbial bioethanol production and strategies for improved tolerance. Ecotoxicology 2015; 24:2156-2174. [PMID: 26423392 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioethanol production output has increased steadily over the last two decades and is now beginning to become competitive with traditional liquid transportation fuels due to advances in engineering, the identification of new production host organisms, and the development of novel biodesign strategies. A significant portion of these efforts has been dedicated to mitigating the toxicological challenges encountered across the bioethanol production process. From the release of potentially cytotoxic or inhibitory compounds from input feedstocks, through the metabolic co-synthesis of ethanol and potentially detrimental byproducts, and to the potential cytotoxicity of ethanol itself, each stage of bioethanol production requires the application of genetic or engineering controls that ensure the host organisms remain healthy and productive to meet the necessary economies required for large scale production. In addition, as production levels continue to increase, there is an escalating focus on the detoxification of the resulting waste streams to minimize their environmental impact. This review will present the major toxicological challenges encountered throughout each stage of the bioethanol production process and the commonly employed strategies for reducing or eliminating potential toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Akinosho
- Renewable BioProducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Thomas Rydzak
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS6342, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6342, USA
| | - Abhijeet Borole
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS6342, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6342, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Renewable BioProducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Dan Close
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS6342, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6342, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kremer J, Burmester G, Weinblatt M, Williams A, Karlsson N, Godwood A, Albulescu M, Close D. FRI0167 Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROS) During Treatment with Mavrilimumab, A Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody Targeting GM–CSFR-Alpha, In the Phase IIB Earth Explorer 1 Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
10
|
Burmester G, McInnes I, Kremer J, Miranda P, Korkosz M, Vencovsky J, Rubbert-Roth A, Mysler E, Sleeman M, Godwood A, Albulescu M, Close D, Weinblatt M. OP0034 Efficacy and Safety of Mavrilimumab, A Fully Human Gm–CSFR-Alpha Monoclonal Antibody in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Primary Results from the Earth Explorer 1 Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
11
|
McInnes I, Burmester G, Kremer J, Miranda P, Korkosz M, Vencovsky J, Rubbert-Roth A, Mysler E, Close D, Sleeman M, Godwood A, Albulescu M, Weinblatt M. SAT0189 Rapid Onset of Clinical Benefit in Patients with RA Treated with Mavrilimumab, A Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody Targeting GM–CSFR-ALPHA: Subanalysis of the Phase IIB Earth Explorer 1 Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
12
|
Jin D, Wu CY, Roskos L, Godwood A, Close D, Wang B. AB0445 Exposure–Efficacy Analysis of Mavrilimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Modeling and Simulation of Phase II Clinical Data. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
13
|
Akinosho H, Yee K, Close D, Ragauskas A. The emergence of Clostridium thermocellum as a high utility candidate for consolidated bioprocessing applications. Front Chem 2014; 2:66. [PMID: 25207268 PMCID: PMC4143619 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
First isolated in 1926, Clostridium thermocellum has recently received increased attention as a high utility candidate for use in consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) applications. These applications, which seek to process lignocellulosic biomass directly into useful products such as ethanol, are gaining traction as economically feasible routes toward the production of fuel and other high value chemical compounds as the shortcomings of fossil fuels become evident. This review evaluates C. thermocellum's role in this transitory process by highlighting recent discoveries relating to its genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic responses to varying biomass sources, with a special emphasis placed on providing an overview of its unique, multivariate enzyme cellulosome complex and the role that this structure performs during biomass degradation. Both naturally evolved and genetically engineered strains are examined in light of their unique attributes and responses to various biomass treatment conditions, and the genetic tools that have been employed for their creation are presented. Several future routes for potential industrial usage are presented, and it is concluded that, although there have been many advances to significantly improve C. thermocellum's amenability to industrial use, several hurdles still remain to be overcome as this unique organism enjoys increased attention within the scientific community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Akinosho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA ; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kelsey Yee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA ; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dan Close
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
White W, Ryan P, Guo X, Sinibaldi D, Ranganna G, Godwood A, Saurigny D, Close D, Eck S, Wilkins D, Roskos L, Sleeman M, Li W, Cavet G, Defranoux N. SAT0260 Biomarkers Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Including Joint Damage Correlate with Changes in Clinical Response in Subjects Treated with Mavrilimumab at Doses above 10 Mg. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
Natural and manmade organic chemicals are widely deposited across a diverse range of ecosystems including air, surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soil, sediment, and marine environments. Some organic compounds, despite their industrial values, are toxic to living organisms and pose significant health risks to humans and wildlife. Detection and monitoring of these organic pollutants in environmental matrices therefore is of great interest and need for remediation and health risk assessment. Although these detections have traditionally been performed using analytical chemical approaches that offer highly sensitive and specific identification of target compounds, these methods require specialized equipment and trained operators, and fail to describe potential bioavailable effects on living organisms. Alternatively, the integration of bioluminescent systems into whole-cell bioreporters presents a new capacity for organic compound detection. These bioreporters are constructed by incorporating reporter genes into catabolic or signaling pathways that are present within living cells and emit a bioluminescent signal that can be detected upon exposure to target chemicals. Although relatively less specific compared to analytical methods, bioluminescent bioassays are more cost-effective, more rapid, can be scaled to higher throughput, and can be designed to report not only the presence but also the bioavailability of target substances. This chapter reviews available bacterial and eukaryotic whole-cell bioreporters for sensing organic pollutants and their applications in a variety of sample matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Dan Close
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Abby Smartt
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Steven Ripp
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USADepartment of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Gary Sayler
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Burmester G, Takeuchi T, Barbarash O, Ranganna G, Close D, Godwood A, Saurigny D. FRI0232 Consistent efficacy and safety outcomes between european and japanese subjects with rheumatoid arthritis following treatment with mavrilimumab in the phase 2 earth study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
17
|
Jiang K, Sanseverino J, Chauhan A, Lucas S, Copeland A, Lapidus A, Del Rio TG, Dalin E, Tice H, Bruce D, Goodwin L, Pitluck S, Sims D, Brettin T, Detter JC, Han C, Chang YJ, Larimer F, Land M, Hauser L, Kyrpides NC, Mikhailova N, Moser S, Jegier P, Close D, Debruyn JM, Wang Y, Layton AC, Allen MS, Sayler GS. Complete genome sequence of Thauera aminoaromatica strain MZ1T. Stand Genomic Sci 2012; 6:325-35. [PMID: 23407619 PMCID: PMC3558969 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.2696029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thauera aminoaromatica strain MZ1T, an isolate belonging to genus Thauera, of the family Rhodocyclaceae and the class the Betaproteobacteria, has been characterized for its ability to produce abundant exopolysaccharide and degrade various aromatic compounds with nitrate as an electron acceptor. These properties, if fully understood at the genome-sequence level, can aid in environmental processing of organic matter in anaerobic cycles by short-circuiting a central anaerobic metabolite, acetate, from microbiological conversion to methane, a critical greenhouse gas. Strain MZ1T is the first strain from the genus Thauera with a completely sequenced genome. The 4,496,212 bp chromosome and 78,374 bp plasmid contain 4,071 protein-coding and 71 RNA genes, and were sequenced as part of the DOE Community Sequencing Program CSP_776774.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
This communication discloses new ideas and preliminary results on the development of a metabolic prosthesis for local oxygenation of ischemic tissue under physiologically neutral conditions. We report for the first time selective electrolysis of physiological saline by repetitively pulsed, charge-limited electrolysis for the production of oxygen and suppression of free chlorine. Using 800-microA amplitude current pulses and < 200 micros pulse duration, we demonstrate prompt oxygen production and delayed chlorine production at the surface of a fused 0.85-mm diameter spherical platinum electrode. The data, interpreted in terms of the ionic structure of the electric double layer, suggest a strategy for in situ production of metabolic oxygen via a new class of "smart" prosthetic implants for ischemic disease such as diabetic retinopathy. We also present data indicating that collateral pH drift, if any, can be held constant using a feedback-controlled three-electrode electrolysis system that chooses an anode and cathode pair based on pH data provided by a local sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Greenbaum
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Figueroa JA, Tafur I, Close D, Cardona P, Cruz J, Quick D, Shalaby I, Dinunno L, Ortiz P. Final results of a phase I study using oral temozolomide (TMZ) daily for 14 days with weekly paclitaxel in patients (pts) with advanced malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
12020 Background: TMZ is an alkylating agent with activity in a variety of neoplasms. The optimal schedule of administration for TMZ has not been established and only a few studies have studied it in combination with other agents. Repair of TMZ-induced DNA damage is associated with the activity of O-6 alkylguanine-DNA-alkyl transferase (AGT). Preclinical and clinical data indicate that prolonged exposure to TMZ results, not only in enhanced DNA alkylation, but also in depletion of AGT. This serves as the rationale to study TMZ using protracted schedules. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose limiting toxicity (DLT) of oral TMZ given daily for 14 days with weekly paclitaxel in pts with advanced cancers. Forty-five pts received 136 cycles of TMZ at escalating doses (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg/m2/day × 14 days) plus paclitaxel at 80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15. Pts were stratified as lightly (LP) or heavily (HP) pretreated and MTD defined as the dose level (DL) at which 1/6 patients developed DLT. Results: Twenty-four LP patients were treated at 5 DLs with all but one evaluable for toxicity. Febrile neutropenia and grade 3 thrombocytopenia were the DLTs. MTD in this group was the 125 mg/m2/day level. Twenty-six HP were treated at 5 DLs and 21 were evaluable for toxicity. Febrile neutropenia and grade 3 thrombocytopenia were the DLTs. MTD for this group was also 125 mg/m2/day. Thirty-eight (84%) pts were evaluable for response after 2 cycles of therapy. Three (8%) pts had a partial response (lung, lymphoma, ependymoma), 20 (53%) remained stable and 15 (39%) developed disease progression. Six (16%) pts remained stable for 6 cycles or more (2 sarcomas, 2 lung, 1 pancreas, 1 glioblastoma). Conclusions: We concluded that combining oral TMZ at a dose of 125 mg/m2/day for 14 days with standard-dose weekly paclitaxel is safe in both HP and LP pts. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - I. Tafur
- Joe Arrington Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - D. Close
- Joe Arrington Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - P. Cardona
- Joe Arrington Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - J. Cruz
- Joe Arrington Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - D. Quick
- Joe Arrington Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - I. Shalaby
- Joe Arrington Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - L. Dinunno
- Joe Arrington Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - P. Ortiz
- Joe Arrington Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The presence of neuropsychological disturbances in schizophrenia and mood disorders raises the question that cognitive impairments might contribute to poor outcome. This report examines changes in neuropsychological performance from hospitalization to a 2-year follow-up evaluation in relation to psychosocial outcome. Findings indicated that unfavorable clinical outcome is associated with marginal changes in neuropsychological performance, whereas good outcome status is associated with neuropsychological improvement. Neuropsychological improvement may thus require a stable period of favorable psychosocial recovery, in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, as well as major mood disorder syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Silverstein
- Department of Psychology, Long Island University, Brookville, New York 11548, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
This report examines changes in symptom levels on the four major syndrome scales from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS): thought disturbance, paranoid disturbance, anxiety/depression, and emotional withdrawal/motor retardation. Baseline BPRS ratings were obtained during the first week of hospitalization for an acute episode of psychiatric illness, in 120 patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and depression. BPRS ratings were carried out in the week prior to discharge. Findings indicated that patients with schizoaffective disorder showed a greater magnitude of general clinical improvement than schizophrenics, although both groups had comparable improvement on thought disorder from admission to discharge. Paranoid symptoms did not recover as completely among schizophrenics compared to schizoaffective disorder patients. As expected, anxiety and depression symptoms remitted most prominently among the depressed inpatients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Silverstein
- Department of Psychology, Long Island University, Brookville NY 11548, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hilligweg UR, Close D. Absence makes the skin grow fonder. Can Nurse 1989; 85:20-1. [PMID: 2804936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
23
|
Lips FJ, O'Reilly J, Close D, Beaumont GD, Clapham M. Cocaine and adrenaline paste (reply). Anaesth Intensive Care 1988; 16:242-3. [PMID: 3394927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
24
|
Lips FJ, O'Reilly J, Close D, Beaumont GD, Clapham M. The effects of formulation and addition of adrenaline to cocaine for haemostasis in intranasal surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 1987; 15:141-6. [PMID: 3605563 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x8701500204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Twenty patients presenting for submucous resection of the nasal septum under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to four groups to receive either 1.0 ml 25% cocaine HCl in paraffin paste, 1.0 ml 25% cocaine HCl combined with 0.1% adrenaline in paraffin paste, 4.0 ml aqueous 4% cocaine HCl combined with 0.05% adrenaline or 4.0 ml aqueous 4% cocaine HCl on ribbon gauze applied to the nasal mucosa. Mean intraoperative blood loss was significantly decreased when the 25% cocaine 0.1% adrenaline combination in paraffin paste was used (11 (SD 8) ml, 60 (SD 30) ml, P less than 0.05, for adrenaline and plain paste respectively). Combination of adrenaline with cocaine in the aqueous formulation was not associated with a significant decrease in blood loss compared with aqueous cocaine alone (75 (SD 51), 96 (SD 66) ml respectively). Cocaine adrenaline paste and plain cocaine paste were associated with higher mean maximum cocaine blood concentrations (1.6 (SD 1.4), 2.0 (SD 1.5) micrograms/ml respectively) when compared with aqueous cocaine adrenaline and aqueous cocaine alone (0.03 (SD 0.003), 0.5 (SD 0.3) microgram/ml respectively). Heart rate and blood pressure changes were similar in all four groups and cardiovascular toxicity was not observed. One ml of topical intranasal 25% cocaine HCl with 0.1% adrenaline in paraffin paste provided the best haemostasis for nasal septal surgery.
Collapse
|
25
|
Benz M, Halpern A, Close D. Access to day programs and leisure activities by nursing home residents with mental retardation. Ment Retard 1986; 24:147-52. [PMID: 3736404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|