1
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Jones Lipinski RA, Stancill JS, Nuñez R, Wynia-Smith SL, Sprague DJ, Nord JA, Bird A, Corbett JA, Smith BC. Zinc-chelating BET bromodomain inhibitors equally target islet endocrine cell types. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38618911 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00259.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein family is a potential strategy to prevent and treat diabetes; however, the clinical use of BET bromodomain inhibitors (BETi) is associated with adverse effects. Here, we explore a strategy for targeting BETi to β-cells by exploiting the high zinc (Zn2+) concentration in β-cells relative to other cell types. We report the synthesis of a novel, Zn2+-chelating derivative of the pan-BETi (+)-JQ1, (+)-JQ1-DPA, in which (+)-JQ1 was conjugated to dipicolyl amine (DPA). As controls, we synthesized (+)-JQ1-DBA, a non-Zn2+-chelating derivative, and (-)-JQ1-DPA, an inactive enantiomer that chelates Zn2+. Molecular modeling and biophysical assays showed that (+)-JQ1-DPA and (+)-JQ1-DBA retain potent binding to BET bromodomains in vitro. Cellular assays demonstrated (+)-JQ1-DPA attenuated NF-ĸB target gene expression in β-cells stimulated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β. To assess β-cell selectivity, we isolated islets from a mouse model that expresses green fluorescent protein in insulin-positive β-cells and mTomato in insulin-negative cells (non-β-cells). Surprisingly, Zn2+-chelation did not confer β-cell selectivity as (+)-JQ1-DPA was equally effective in both β- and α-cells; however, (+)-JQ1-DPA was less effective in macrophages, a non-endocrine islet cell type. Intriguingly, the non-Zn2+-chelating derivative (+)-JQ1-DBA displayed the opposite selectivity, with greater effect in macrophages compared to (+)-JQ1-DPA, suggesting potential as a macrophage-targeting molecule. These findings suggest that Zn2+-chelating small molecules confer endocrine cell selectivity rather than β-cell selectivity in pancreatic islets and provide valuable insights and techniques to assess Zn2+-chelation as an approach to selectively target small molecules to pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer S Stancill
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Raymundo Nuñez
- Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sarah L Wynia-Smith
- Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Daniel J Sprague
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Joshua A Nord
- Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Amir Bird
- Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John A Corbett
- Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin,, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian C Smith
- Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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2
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Park SK, Sprague DJ, Rohr CM, Chulkov EG, Petrow I, Kumar S, Marchant JS. The anthelmintic meclonazepam activates a schistosome transient receptor potential channel. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105528. [PMID: 38043794 PMCID: PMC10788528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic flatworms cause various clinical and veterinary infections that impart a huge burden worldwide. The most clinically impactful infection is schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic blood flukes. Schistosomiasis is treated with praziquantel (PZQ), an old drug introduced over 40 years ago. New drugs are urgently needed, as while PZQ is broadly effective it suffers from several limitations including poor efficacy against juvenile worms, which may prevent it from being completely curative. An old compound that retains efficacy against juvenile worms is the benzodiazepine meclonazepam (MCLZ). However, host side effects caused by benzodiazepines preclude development of MCLZ as a drug and MCLZ lacks an identified parasite target to catalyze rational drug design for engineering out human host activity. Here, we identify a transient receptor potential ion channel of the melastatin subfamily, named TRPMMCLZ, as a parasite target of MCLZ. MCLZ potently activates Schistosoma mansoni TRPMMCLZ through engagement of a binding pocket within the voltage-sensor-like domain of the ion channel to cause worm paralysis, tissue depolarization, and surface damage. TRPMMCLZ reproduces all known features of MCLZ action on schistosomes, including a lower activity versus Schistosoma japonicum, which is explained by a polymorphism within this voltage-sensor-like domain-binding pocket. TRPMMCLZ is distinct from the TRP channel targeted by PZQ (TRPMPZQ), with both anthelmintic chemotypes targeting unique parasite TRPM paralogs. This advances TRPMMCLZ as a novel druggable target that could circumvent any target-based resistance emerging in response to current mass drug administration campaigns centered on PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kyu Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel J Sprague
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Claudia M Rohr
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Evgeny G Chulkov
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ian Petrow
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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3
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Sprague DJ, Kaethner M, Park SK, Rohr CM, Harris JL, Maillard D, Spangenberg T, Lundström-Stadelmann B, Marchant JS. The Anthelmintic Activity of Praziquantel Analogs Correlates with Structure-Activity Relationships at TRPM PZQ Orthologs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1537-1543. [PMID: 37970586 PMCID: PMC10641913 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The anthelmintic drug praziquantel remains a key clinical therapy for treating various diseases caused by parasitic flatworms. The parasite target of praziquantel has remained undefined despite longstanding usage in the clinic, although a candidate ion channel target, named TRPMPZQ, has recently been identified. Intriguingly, certain praziquantel derivatives show different activities against different parasites: for example, some praziquantel analogs are considerably more active against cestodes than against schistosomes. Here we interrogate whether the different activities of praziquantel analogs against different parasites are also reflected by unique structure-activity relationships at the TRPMPZQ channels found in these different organisms. To do this, several praziquantel analogs were synthesized and functionally profiled against schistosome and cestode TRPMPZQ channels. Data demonstrate that structure-activity relationships are closely mirrored between parasites and their TRPMPZQ orthologs, providing further support for TRPMPZQ as the therapeutically relevant target of praziquantel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Sprague
- Department
of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
- Program
in Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Marc Kaethner
- Institute
of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology,
Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
- Graduate
School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Department
of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Claudia M. Rohr
- Department
of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Jade L. Harris
- Department
of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - David Maillard
- Central
Process Development - Downstream Processing Services, Merck Electronics KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Global Health
Institute of Merck, Ares Trading S.A., a subsidiary of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, 1262 Eysins, Switzerland
| | - Britta Lundström-Stadelmann
- Institute
of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology,
Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary
Center for Infectious Diseases, University
of Bern, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan S. Marchant
- Department
of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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4
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Sprague DJ, Park SK, Gramberg S, Bauer L, Rohr CM, Chulkov EG, Smith E, Scampavia L, Spicer TP, Haeberlein S, Marchant JS. Target-based discovery of a broad spectrum flukicide. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.22.559026. [PMID: 37790347 PMCID: PMC10542552 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.559026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by parasitic flatworms impart a considerable healthcare burden worldwide. Many of these diseases - for example, the parasitic blood fluke infection, schistosomiasis - are treated with the drug praziquantel (PZQ). However, PZQ is ineffective against disease caused by liver flukes from the genus Fasciola. This is due to a single amino acid change within the target of PZQ, a transient receptor potential ion channel (TRPMPZQ), in Fasciola species. Here we identify benzamidoquinazolinone analogs that are active against Fasciola TRPMPZQ. Structure-activity studies define an optimized ligand (BZQ) that caused protracted paralysis and damage to the protective tegument of these liver flukes. BZQ also retained activity against Schistosoma mansoni comparable to PZQ and was active against TRPMPZQ orthologs in all profiled species of parasitic fluke. This broad spectrum activity was manifest as BZQ adopts a pose within the binding pocket of TRPMPZQ dependent on a ubiquitously conserved residue. BZQ therefore acts as a universal activator of trematode TRPMPZQ and a first-in-class, broad spectrum flukicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Sprague
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Svenja Gramberg
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lisa Bauer
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia M. Rohr
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Evgeny G. Chulkov
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Emery Smith
- UF Scripps Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Louis Scampavia
- UF Scripps Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Timothy P. Spicer
- UF Scripps Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Simone Haeberlein
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan S. Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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5
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Malcolm NJ, Palkovic B, Sprague DJ, Calkins MM, Lanham JK, Halberstadt AL, Stucke AG, McCorvy JD. Mu-opioid receptor selective superagonists produce prolonged respiratory depression. iScience 2023; 26:107121. [PMID: 37416459 PMCID: PMC10320493 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic opioids are increasingly challenging to combat the opioid epidemic and act primarily at opioid receptors, chiefly the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) μ-opioid receptor (MOR), which signals through G protein-dependent and β-arrestin pathways. Using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) system, we investigate GPCR-signaling profiles by synthetic nitazenes, which are known to cause overdose and death due to respiratory depression. We show that isotonitazene and its metabolite, N-desethyl isotonitazene, are very potent MOR-selective superagonists, surpassing both DAMGO G protein and β-arrestin recruitment activity, which are properties distinct from other conventional opioids. Both isotonitazene and N-desethyl isotonitazene show high potency in mouse analgesia tail-flick assays, but N-desethyl isotonitazene shows longer-lasting respiratory depression compared to fentanyl. Overall, our results suggest that potent MOR-selective superagonists may be a pharmacological property predictive of prolonged respiratory depression resulting in fatal consequences and should be examined for future opioid analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Malcolm
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Barbara Palkovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daniel J. Sprague
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Maggie M. Calkins
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Janelle K. Lanham
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Adam L. Halberstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92108, USA
| | - Astrid G. Stucke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John D. McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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6
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Yahya NA, Lanham JK, Sprague DJ, Palygin O, McCorvy JD, Marchant JS. Molecular and cellular basis of praziquantel action in the cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C573-C587. [PMID: 36622066 PMCID: PMC9942900 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00520.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The anthelmintic drug praziquantel (PZQ) causes contraction of parasitic schistosomes as well as constriction of blood vessels within the mesenteric vasculature of the host where the adult blood flukes reside. The contractile action of PZQ on the vasculature is mediated by the activation of host serotonergic 5-HT2B receptors (5-HT2BRs). However, the molecular basis for PZQ interaction with these targets and the location of these 5-HT2B receptors in the vessel wall have not been experimentally defined. Evaluation of a PZQ docking pose within the 5-HT2BR orthosteric site, using both Ca2+ reporter and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays, identified residues F3406.51 and F3416.52 (transmembrane helix 6, TM6) as well as L209EL2 (extracellular loop 2) as critical for PZQ-mediated agonist activity. A key determinant of PZQ selectivity for the 5-HT2B receptor over the 5-HT2A/2C receptors was determined by M2185.39 in transmembrane helix 5 (TM5) of the orthosteric site. Mutation of this residue to valine (M218V), as found in 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C, decreased PZQ agonist activity, whereas the reciprocal mutation (V215M) in 5-HT2C increased PZQ activity. Two-photon imaging in intact mesenteric arterial strips visualized PZQ-evoked Ca2+ transients within the smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall. PZQ also triggered cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals in arterial smooth muscle cells in primary culture that were isolated from mesenteric blood vessels. These data define the molecular basis for PZQ action on 5-HT2B receptors localized in vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal A Yahya
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Janelle K Lanham
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Daniel J Sprague
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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7
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AbuEid M, Keyes RF, McAllister D, Peterson F, Kadamberi IP, Sprague DJ, Chaluvally-Raghavan P, Smith BC, Dwinell MB. Fluorinated triphenylphosphonium analogs improve cell selectivity and in vivo detection of mito-metformin. iScience 2022; 25:105670. [PMID: 36567718 PMCID: PMC9768319 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) conjugated compounds selectively target cancer cells by exploiting their hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. To date, studies have focused on modifying either the linker or the cargo of TPP+-conjugated compounds. Here, we investigated the biological effects of direct modification to TPP+ to improve the efficacy and detection of mito-metformin (MMe), a TPP+-conjugated probe we have shown to have promising preclinical efficacy against solid cancer cells. We designed, synthesized, and tested trifluoromethyl and methoxy MMe analogs (pCF3-MMe, mCF3-MMe, and pMeO-MMe) against multiple distinct human cancer cells. pCF3-MMe showed enhanced selectivity toward cancer cells compared to MMe, while retaining the same signaling mechanism. Importantly, pCF3-MMe allowed quantitative monitoring of cellular accumulation via 19F-NMR in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, adding trifluoromethyl groups to TPP+ reduced toxicity in vivo while retaining anti-tumor efficacy, opening an avenue to de-risk these next-generation TPP+-conjugated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud AbuEid
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA
| | - Robert F. Keyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA
| | - Donna McAllister
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA
| | - Francis Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Sprague
- Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA
| | | | - Brian C. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Michael B. Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Corresponding author
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8
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Jones Lipinski RA, Stancill JS, Wynia‐Smith SL, Sprague DJ, Nunez R, Bird A, Corbett JA, Smith BC. Zinc‐Chelating BET Bromodomain Inhibitors Selectively Accumulate and Affect Gene Expression in Pancreatic β‐Cells. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.0r310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amir Bird
- Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
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9
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Sprague DJ, Getschman AE, Fenske TG, Volkman BF, Smith BC. Trisubstituted 1,3,5-Triazines: The First Ligands of the sY12-Binding Pocket on Chemokine CXCL12. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1773-1782. [PMID: 34795867 PMCID: PMC8592115 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
CXCL12, a CXC-type
chemokine, binds its receptor CXCR4, and the
resulting signaling cascade is essential during development and subsequently
in immune function. Pathologically, the CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling
axis is involved in many cancers and inflammatory diseases and thus
has sparked continued interest in the development of therapeutics.
Small molecules targeting CXCR4 have had mixed results in clinical
trials. Alternatively, small molecules targeting the chemokine instead
of the receptor provide a largely unexplored space for therapeutic
development. Here we report that trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazines are
competent ligands for the sY12-binding pocket of CXCL12. The initial
hit was optimized to be more synthetically tractable. Fifty unique
triazines were synthesized, and the structure–activity relationship
was probed. Using computational modeling, we suggest key structural
interactions that are responsible for ligand–chemokine binding.
The lipophilic ligand efficiency was improved, resulting in more soluble,
drug-like molecules with chemical handles for future development and
structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Sprague
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Anthony E. Getschman
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Tyler G. Fenske
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Brian F. Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Brian C. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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10
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Sprague DJ, Johnston JN. Substituted Imidazoline Synthesis: A Diastereo- and Enantioselective aza-Henry Route to a Human Proteasome Modulator. Org Lett 2020; 22:8496-8499. [PMID: 33054232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of Tepe's human proteasome modulator is described. Routes to this and other highly substituted chiral imidazolines generally produce racemic material. Key to the route disclosed here is a gram-scale anti-selective aza-Henry reaction of an α-alkyl α-nitro ester nucleophile, catalyzed by a Bis(Amidine) [BAM] chiral proton complex, delivering the key intermediate in high yield as a single stereoisomer. The adduct is reduced to the amino ester and converted to an imidazoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Sprague
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jeffrey N Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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11
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Goetz CJ, Sprague DJ, Smith BC. Development of activity-based probes for the protein deacylase Sirt1. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104232. [PMID: 32911193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases that remove acyl modifications from acyl-lysine residues, resulting in essential cellular signaling. Recognized for their role in lifespan extension, humans encode seven sirtuin isoforms (Sirt1-7), and loss of sirtuin deacylase activity is implicated in many aging-related diseases. Despite being intriguing therapeutic targets, cellular studies of sirtuins are hampered by the lack of chemical probes to measure sirtuin activity independent of sirtuin protein levels. Here, we use a modular, peptide-based approach to develop activity-based probes (ABPs) that directly measure Sirt1 activity in vitro and in cell lysates. ABPs were synthesized containing four elements: (1) thioacetyl-lysine for mechanism-based affinity towards only active sirtuins, (2) either histone H3 lysine-14 (H3K14) or p53 sequences for Sirt1 specificity, (3) a diazirine for covalent labeling upon UV irradiation, and (4) an alkyne for bioorthogonal conjugation to a fluorophore for gel-based detection of active Sirt1. Compared to the H3K14 ABP, the p53 ABP showed increased sensitivity and selective labeling of active Sirt1. Acyl-lysine peptide competition, pharmacological inhibition, and inhibitory post-translational modification of Sirt1 resulted in the loss of p53 ABP labeling both in vitro and in HEK293T cell lysates, consistent with the ABP measuring decreased Sirt1 activity. Furthermore, the p53 ABP measured subcellular Sirt1 activity in MCF7 breast cancer cells. The development of a Sirt1-selective ABP that detects Sirt1 activity with an order of magnitude increased sensitivity compared to previous approaches demonstrates the utility of a modular, peptide-based approach for selective-targeting of the sirtuin protein family and provides a framework for further development of sirtuin-selective chemical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daniel J Sprague
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Olp MD, Sprague DJ, Goetz CJ, Kathman SG, Wynia-Smith SL, Shishodia S, Summers SB, Xu Z, Statsyuk AV, Smith BC. Covalent-Fragment Screening of BRD4 Identifies a Ligandable Site Orthogonal to the Acetyl-Lysine Binding Sites. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1036-1049. [PMID: 32149490 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BRD4, a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family, has emerged as a promising epigenetic target in cancer and inflammatory disorders. All reported BET family ligands bind within the bromodomain acetyl-lysine binding sites and competitively inhibit BET protein interaction with acetylated chromatin. Alternative chemical probes that act orthogonally to the highly conserved acetyl-lysine binding sites may exhibit selectivity within the BET family and avoid recently reported toxicity in clinical trials of BET bromodomain inhibitors. Here, we report the first identification of a ligandable site on a bromodomain outside the acetyl-lysine binding site. Inspired by our computational prediction of hotspots adjacent to nonhomologous cysteine residues within the C-terminal BRD4 bromodomain (BRD4-BD2), we performed a midthroughput mass spectrometry screen to identify cysteine-reactive fragments that covalently and selectively modify BRD4. Subsequent mass spectrometry, NMR, and computational docking analyses of electrophilic fragment hits revealed a novel ligandable site near Cys356 that is unique to BRD4 among human bromodomains. This site is orthogonal to the BRD4-BD2 acetyl-lysine binding site as Cys356 modification did not impact binding of the pan-BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 in fluorescence polarization assays nor an acetylated histone peptide in AlphaScreen assays. Finally, we tethered our top-performing covalent fragment to JQ1 and performed NanoBRET assays to provide proof of principle that this orthogonal site can be covalently targeted in intact human cells. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of targeting sites orthogonal to bromodomain acetyl-lysine binding sites to develop bivalent and covalent inhibitors that displace BRD4 from chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Olp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Daniel J. Sprague
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Christopher J. Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Stefan G. Kathman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sarah L. Wynia-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Shifali Shishodia
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Steven B. Summers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexander V. Statsyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Brian C. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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Smith BC, Olp MD, Sprague DJ. Discovering and Exploiting Selectivity in BET Tandem Bromodomain Recognition of Epigenetic Lysine Acylation. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.524.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Sprague DJ, Singh A, Johnston JN. Diastereo- and enantioselective additions of α-nitro esters to imines for anti-α,β-diamino acid synthesis with α-alkyl-substitution. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2336-2339. [PMID: 29719706 PMCID: PMC5903423 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05176j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that a C2-symmetric bis(AMidine) [BAM] catalyst promotes an anti-selective addition of α-substituted α-nitro esters to imines is described, providing α-substituted α,β-diamino ester products with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. When compared to the function of a BAM catalyst reported previously, the pair offer a rare example of diastereodivergence using a bifunctional Brønsted acid-base organocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Sprague
- Department of Chemistry , Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , USA .
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , USA .
| | - Jeffrey N Johnston
- Department of Chemistry , Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , USA .
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Arnold DH, Penrod C, Sprague DJ, Hartert TV. Count on It! Accurately Measured Respiratory Rate Is Associated with Lung Function and Clinical Severity in Children with Acute Asthma Exacerbations. J Pediatr 2016; 175:236-236.e1. [PMID: 27255859 PMCID: PMC4981540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald H Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN,Center for Asthma Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Cody Penrod
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Tina V Hartert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Nashville, TN,Center for Asthma Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Voelker SL, Carter RA, Sprague DJ, Gdowski CL, Lachar D. Developmental trends in memory and metamemory in children with attention deficit disorder. J Pediatr Psychol 1989; 14:75-88. [PMID: 2723956 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/14.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Examined the development of memory strategy knowledge and spontaneous use of strategy by 6- to 12-year-old boys with ADD-H. Metamemory knowledge of 12 ADD-H boys, unmedicated for study participation, and 12 matched control Ss was compared using a structured interview. Use of categorization was assessed using free recall of word lists differing in category composition (acoustic vs semantic categories) and list organization (clustered by category vs unclustered). Interview data indicated no difference between groups in development of metamemory knowledge. Analysis of free recall performance showed that ADD-H Ss were less likely than controls to benefit from that knowledge when strategy was less salient and involved effortful reorganization of stimuli (p less than .05). The results were consistent with a production deficiency. Developmental trends and implications for remediation are discussed.
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Kline RB, Lachar D, Sprague DJ. The personality inventory for children (PIC): an unbiased predictor of cognitive and academic status. J Pediatr Psychol 1985; 10:461-77. [PMID: 4093834 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/10.4.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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