1
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Polimeno L, Coriolano A, Mastria R, Todisco F, De Giorgi M, Fieramosca A, Pugliese M, Prontera CT, Rizzo A, De Marco L, Ballarini D, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. Room Temperature Polariton Condensation from Whispering Gallery Modes in CsPbBr 3 Microplatelets. Adv Mater 2024:e2312131. [PMID: 38632702 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Room temperature (RT) polariton condensate holds exceptional promise for revolutionizing various fields of science and technology, encompassing optoelectronics devices to quantum information processing. Using perovskite materials, like all-inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) single crystal, provides additional advantages, such as ease of synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with existing semiconductor technologies. In this work, the formation of whispering gallery modes (WGM) in CsPbBr3 single crystals with controlled geometry is shown, synthesized using a low-cost and efficient capillary bridge method. Through the implementation of microplatelets geometry, enhanced optical properties and performance are achieved due to the presence of sharp edges and a uniform surface, effectively avoiding non-radiative scattering losses caused by defects. This allows not only to observe strong light matter coupling and formation of whispering gallery polaritons, but also to demonstrate the onset of polariton condensation at RT. This investigation not only contributes to the advancement of the knowledge concerning the exceptional optical properties of perovskite-based polariton systems, but also unveils prospects for the exploration of WGM polariton condensation within the framework of a 3D perovskite-based platform, working at RT. The unique characteristics of polariton condensate, including low excitation thresholds and ultrafast dynamics, open up unique opportunities for advancements in photonics and optoelectronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Polimeno
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Coriolano
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mastria
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Francesco Todisco
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Marco Pugliese
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Carmela T Prontera
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio de Giorgi", Universitá del Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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2
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Riminucci F, Gianfrate A, Nigro D, Ardizzone V, Dhuey S, Francaviglia L, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer LN, Ballarini D, Trypogeorgos D, Schwartzberg A, Gerace D, Sanvitto D. Polariton Condensation in Gap-Confined States of Photonic Crystal Waveguides. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:246901. [PMID: 38181143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.246901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of patterned multiquantum well heterostructures in GaAs/AlGaAs waveguides has recently made it possible to achieve exciton-polariton condensation in a topologically protected bound state in the continuum (BIC). Polariton condensation was shown to occur above a saddle point of the two-dimensional polariton dispersion in a one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. A rigorous analysis of the condensation phenomenon in these systems, as well as the role of the BIC, is still missing. In the present Letter, we theoretically and experimentally fill this gap by showing that polariton confinement resulting from the negative effective mass and the photonic energy gap in the dispersion play a key role in enhancing the relaxation toward the condensed state. In fact, our results show that low-threshold polariton condensation is achieved within the effective trap created by the exciting laser spot, regardless of whether the resulting confined mode is long-lived (polariton BIC) or short-lived (lossy mode). In both cases, the spatial quantization of the polariton condensate and the threshold differences associated to the corresponding state lifetime are measured and characterized. For a given negative mass, a slightly lower condensation threshold from the polariton BIC mode is found and associated to its reduced radiative losses, as compared to the lossy one.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Riminucci
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Gianfrate
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Nigro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Ardizzone
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - S Dhuey
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Francaviglia
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Baldwin
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - D Ballarini
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Trypogeorgos
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A Schwartzberg
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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3
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Maggiolini E, Polimeno L, Todisco F, Di Renzo A, Han B, De Giorgi M, Ardizzone V, Schneider C, Mastria R, Cannavale A, Pugliese M, De Marco L, Rizzo A, Maiorano V, Gigli G, Gerace D, Sanvitto D, Ballarini D. Strongly enhanced light-matter coupling of monolayer WS 2 from a bound state in the continuum. Nat Mater 2023; 22:964-969. [PMID: 37217703 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons derived from the strong light-matter interaction of an optical bound state in the continuum with an excitonic resonance can inherit an ultralong radiative lifetime and significant nonlinearities, but their realization in two-dimensional semiconductors remains challenging at room temperature. Here we show strong light-matter interaction enhancement and large exciton-polariton nonlinearities at room temperature by coupling monolayer tungsten disulfide excitons to a topologically protected bound state in the continuum moulded by a one-dimensional photonic crystal, and optimizing for the electric-field strength at the monolayer position through Bloch surface wave confinement. By a structured optimization approach, the coupling with the active material is maximized here in a fully open architecture, allowing to achieve a 100 meV photonic bandgap with the bound state in the continuum in a local energy minimum and a Rabi splitting of 70 meV, which results in very high cooperativity. Our architecture paves the way to a class of polariton devices based on topologically protected and highly interacting bound states in the continuum.
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Grants
- ECOTEC project Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- TECNOMED Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- PRIN 2017P9FJBS Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- PNRR NQSTI Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- PNRR I-PHOQS Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- Joint Bilateral Agreement CNR-RFBR -Triennal program 2021/2023 Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)
- Novel photonic platform for neuromorphic computing Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation)
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Maggiolini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Di Renzo
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Bo Han
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Cannavale
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Civil Engineering Sciences and Architecture, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Grudinina A, Efthymiou-Tsironi M, Ardizzone V, Riminucci F, Giorgi MD, Trypogeorgos D, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer L, Ballarini D, Sanvitto D, Voronova N. Collective excitations of a bound-in-the-continuum condensate. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3464. [PMID: 37308474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectra of low-lying elementary excitations are critical to characterize properties of bosonic quantum fluids. Usually these spectra are difficult to observe, due to low occupation of non-condensate states compared to the ground state. Recently, low-threshold Bose-Einstein condensation was realised in a symmetry-protected bound state in the continuum, at a saddle point, thanks to coupling of this electromagnetic resonance to semiconductor excitons. While it has opened the door to long-living polariton condensates, their intrinsic collective properties are still unexplored. Here we unveil the peculiar features of the Bogoliubov spectrum of excitations in this system. Thanks to the dark nature of the bound-in-the-continuum state, collective excitations lying directly above the condensate become observable in enhanced detail. We reveal interesting aspects, such as energy-flat parts of the dispersion characterized by two parallel stripes in photoluminescence pattern, pronounced linearization at non-zero momenta in one of the directions, and a strongly anisotropic velocity of sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grudinina
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Efthymiou-Tsironi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ardizzone
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Riminucci
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Kirk Baldwin
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Loren Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Nina Voronova
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409, Moscow, Russia.
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5
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Coriolano A, Polimeno L, Pugliese M, Cannavale A, Trypogeorgos D, Di Renzo A, Ardizzone V, Rizzo A, Ballarini D, Gigli G, Maiorano V, Rosyadi AS, Chuang CA, Ho CH, De Marco L, Sanvitto D, De Giorgi M. Rydberg polaritons in ReS 2 crystals. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadd8857. [PMID: 36417518 PMCID: PMC9683695 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium disulfide belongs to group VII transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with attractive properties such as exceptionally high refractive index and remarkable oscillator strength, large in-plane birefringence, and good chemical stability. Unlike most other TMDs, the peculiar optical properties of rhenium disulfide persist from bulk to the monolayer, making this material potentially suitable for applications in optical devices. In this work, we demonstrate with unprecedented clarity the strong coupling between cavity modes and excited states, which results in a strong polariton interaction, showing the interest of these materials as a solid-state counterpart of Rydberg atomic systems. Moreover, we definitively clarify the nature of important spectral features, shedding light on some controversial aspects or incomplete interpretations and demonstrating that their origin is due to the interesting combination of the very high refractive index and the large oscillator strength expressed by these TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Coriolano
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Laura Polimeno
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Marco Pugliese
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cannavale
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Department of Civil Engineering Sciences and Architecture, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anna Di Renzo
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ardizzone
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Maiorano
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Adzilah Shahna Rosyadi
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-An Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hwa Ho
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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6
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Łempicka-Mirek K, Król M, Sigurdsson H, Wincukiewicz A, Morawiak P, Mazur R, Muszyński M, Piecek W, Kula P, Stefaniuk T, Kamińska M, De Marco L, Lagoudakis PG, Ballarini D, Sanvitto D, Szczytko J, Piętka B. Electrically tunable Berry curvature and strong light-matter coupling in liquid crystal microcavities with 2D perovskite. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq7533. [PMID: 36197989 PMCID: PMC9534495 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The field of spinoptronics is underpinned by good control over photonic spin-orbit coupling in devices that have strong optical nonlinearities. Such devices might hold the key to a new era of optoelectronics where momentum and polarization degrees of freedom of light are interwoven and interfaced with electronics. However, manipulating photons through electrical means is a daunting task given their charge neutrality. In this work, we present electrically tunable microcavity exciton-polariton resonances in a Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling field. We show that different spin-orbit coupling fields and the reduced cavity symmetry lead to tunable formation of the Berry curvature, the hallmark of quantum geometrical effects. For this, we have implemented an architecture of a photonic structure with a two-dimensional perovskite layer incorporated into a microcavity filled with nematic liquid crystal. Our work interfaces spinoptronic devices with electronics by combining electrical control over both the strong light-matter coupling conditions and artificial gauge fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Łempicka-Mirek
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Król
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helgi Sigurdsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Adam Wincukiewicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Morawiak
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Mazur
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Muszyński
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Piecek
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stefaniuk
- Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kamińska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Pavlos G. Lagoudakis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, 6 Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Piętka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Polimeno L, Lerario G, De Giorgi M, De Marco L, Dominici L, Todisco F, Coriolano A, Ardizzone V, Pugliese M, Prontera CT, Maiorano V, Moliterni A, Giannini C, Olieric V, Gigli G, Ballarini D, Xiong Q, Fieramosca A, Solnyshkov DD, Malpuech G, Sanvitto D. Author Correction: Tuning of the Berry curvature in 2D perovskite polaritons. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1435. [PMID: 34773123 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Polimeno
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Annalisa Coriolano
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore
| | - Dmitry D Solnyshkov
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Malpuech
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Lecce, Italy
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8
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Polimeno L, Lerario G, De Giorgi M, De Marco L, Dominici L, Todisco F, Coriolano A, Ardizzone V, Pugliese M, Prontera CT, Maiorano V, Moliterni A, Giannini C, Olieric V, Gigli G, Ballarini D, Xiong Q, Fieramosca A, Solnyshkov DD, Malpuech G, Sanvitto D. Tuning of the Berry curvature in 2D perovskite polaritons. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1349-1354. [PMID: 34675412 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of the energy dispersion of polaritons in microcavities through nanofabrication or through the exploitation of intrinsic material and cavity anisotropies has demonstrated many intriguing effects related to topology and emergent gauge fields such as the anomalous quantum Hall and Rashba effects. Here we show how we can obtain different Berry curvature distributions of polariton bands in a strongly coupled organic-inorganic two-dimensional perovskite single-crystal microcavity. The spatial anisotropy of the perovskite crystal combined with photonic spin-orbit coupling produce two Hamilton diabolical points in the dispersion. An external magnetic field breaks time-reversal symmetry owing to the exciton Zeeman splitting and lifts the degeneracy of the diabolical points. As a result, the bands possess non-zero integral Berry curvatures, which we directly measure by state tomography. In addition to the determination of the different Berry curvatures of the multimode microcavity dispersions, we can also modify the Berry curvature distribution, the so-called band geometry, within each band by tuning external parameters, such as temperature, magnetic field and sample thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Polimeno
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Annalisa Coriolano
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore
| | - Dmitry D Solnyshkov
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Malpuech
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Lecce, Italy
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9
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Dominici L, Voronova N, Colas D, Gianfrate A, Rahmani A, Ardizzone V, Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Gigli G, Laussy FP, Sanvitto D. Shaping the topology of light with a moving Rabi-oscillating vortex. Opt Express 2021; 29:37262-37280. [PMID: 34808803 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum vortices are the analogue of classical vortices in optics, Bose-Einstein condensates, superfluids and superconductors, where they provide the elementary mode of rotation and orbital angular momentum. While they mediate important pair interactions and phase transitions in nonlinear fluids, their linear dynamics is useful for the shaping of complex light, as well as for topological entities in multi-component systems, such as full Bloch beams. Here, setting a quantum vortex into directional motion in an open-dissipative fluid of microcavity polaritons, we observe the self-splitting of the packet, leading to the trembling movement of its center of mass, whereas the vortex core undergoes ultrafast spiraling along diverging and converging circles, in a sub-picosecond precessing fashion. This singular dynamics is accompanied by vortex-antivortex pair creation and annihilation and a periodically changing topological charge. The spiraling and branching mechanics represent a direct manifestation of the underlying Bloch pseudospin space, whose mapping is shown to be rotating and splitting itself. Its reshaping is due to three simultaneous drives along the distinct directions of momentum and complex frequency, by means of the differential group velocities, Rabi frequency and dissipation rates, which are natural assets in coupled fields such as polaritons. This state, displaying linear momentum dressed with oscillating angular momentum, confirms the richness of multi-component and open quantum fluids and their innate potentiality to implement sophisticated and dynamical topological textures of light.
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10
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Panico R, Macorini G, Dominici L, Gianfrate A, Fieramosca A, De Giorgi M, Gigli G, Sanvitto D, Lanotte AS, Ballarini D. Dynamics of a Vortex Lattice in an Expanding Polariton Quantum Fluid. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:047401. [PMID: 34355971 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.047401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
If a quantum fluid is driven with enough angular momentum, at equilibrium the ground state of the system is given by a lattice of quantized vortices whose density is prescribed by the quantization of circulation. We report on the first experimental study of the Feynman-Onsager relation in a nonequilibrium polariton fluid, free to expand and rotate. Upon initially imprinting a lattice of vortices in the quantum fluid, we track the vortex core positions on picosecond timescales. We observe an accelerated stretching of the lattice and an outward bending of the linear trajectories of the vortices, due to the repulsive polariton interactions. Access to the full density and phase fields allows us to detect a small deviation from the Feynman-Onsager rule in terms of a transverse velocity component, due to the density gradient of the fluid envelope acting on the vortex lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Panico
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Guido Macorini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Gianfrate
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sez.Lecce, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra S Lanotte
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sez.Lecce, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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11
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Mirek R, Opala A, Comaron P, Furman M, Król M, Tyszka K, Seredyński B, Ballarini D, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Pacuski W, Suffczyński J, Szczytko J, Matuszewski M, Piętka B. Neuromorphic Binarized Polariton Networks. Nano Lett 2021; 21:3715-3720. [PMID: 33635656 PMCID: PMC8155323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of artificial neural networks and applied artificial intelligence has led to many applications. However, current software implementation of neural networks is severely limited in terms of performance and energy efficiency. It is believed that further progress requires the development of neuromorphic systems, in which hardware directly mimics the neuronal network structure of a human brain. Here, we propose theoretically and realize experimentally an optical network of nodes performing binary operations. The nonlinearity required for efficient computation is provided by semiconductor microcavities in the strong quantum light-matter coupling regime, which exhibit exciton-polariton interactions. We demonstrate the system performance against a pattern recognition task, obtaining accuracy on a par with state-of-the-art hardware implementations. Our work opens the way to ultrafast and energy-efficient neuromorphic systems taking advantage of ultrastrong optical nonlinearity of polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Mirek
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Opala
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Aleja Lotników
32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paolo Comaron
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Aleja Lotników
32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Furman
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Król
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tyszka
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Seredyński
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR
NANOTEC−Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR
NANOTEC−Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Timothy C. H. Liew
- School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Wojciech Pacuski
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Suffczyński
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Matuszewski
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Aleja Lotników
32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Piętka
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Antenucci F, Lerario G, Fernandéz BS, De Marco L, De Giorgi M, Ballarini D, Sanvitto D, Leuzzi L. Demonstration of Self-Starting Nonlinear Mode Locking in Random Lasers. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:173901. [PMID: 33988433 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.173901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In ultrafast multimode lasers, mode locking is implemented by means of saturable absorbers or modulators, allowing for very short pulses. This occurs because of nonlinear interactions of modes with well equispaced frequencies. Though theory predicts that, in the absence of any device, mode locking would occur in random lasers, this has never been demonstrated so far. Through the analysis of multimode correlations we provide clear evidence for nonlinear mode coupling in random lasers. The behavior of multiresonance intensity correlations is tested against the nonlinear frequency matching condition equivalent to the one underlying phase locking in ordered ultrafast lasers. Nontrivially large correlations are clearly observed for spatially overlapping resonances that sensitively depend on the frequency matching condition to be satisfied, eventually demonstrating the occurrence of nonlinear mode-locked mode coupling. This is the first example, to our knowledge, of an experimental realization of self-starting mode locking in random lasers, allowing for many new developments in the design and use of nanostructured devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Antenucci
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Saddle Point Science Ltd, 71 OAKS Avenue, Worcester Park KT4 8XE, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Lerario
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca Leuzzi
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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13
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Suárez-Forero DG, Riminucci F, Ardizzone V, Karpowicz N, Maggiolini E, Macorini G, Lerario G, Todisco F, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, Ballarini D, Gigli G, Lanotte AS, West K, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer L, Sanvitto D. Enhancement of Parametric Effects in Polariton Waveguides Induced by Dipolar Interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:137401. [PMID: 33861133 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.137401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter excitations arising from the nonperturbative coupling of a photonic mode and an excitonic resonance. Behaving as interacting photons, they show optical third-order nonlinearities providing effects such as optical parametric oscillation or amplification. It has been suggested that polariton-polariton interactions can be greatly enhanced by inducing aligned electric dipoles in their excitonic part. However, direct evidence of a true particle-particle interaction, such as superfluidity or parametric scattering, is still missing. In this Letter, we demonstrate that dipolar interactions can be used to enhance parametric effects such as self-phase modulation in waveguide polaritons. By quantifying these optical nonlinearities, we provide a reliable experimental measurement of the direct dipolar enhancement of polariton-polariton interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Suárez-Forero
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università del Salento, Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - F Riminucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università del Salento, Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V Ardizzone
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - N Karpowicz
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - E Maggiolini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Macorini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Lerario
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - F Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A S Lanotte
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - K West
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - K Baldwin
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - L Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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14
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Coriolano A, Polimeno L, De Giorgi M, Todisco F, Mastria R, Ardizzone V, Dominici L, Ballarini D, Rizzo A, Gigli G, Sanvitto D, De Marco L. Improved Photostability in Fluorinated 2D Perovskite Single Crystals. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11020465. [PMID: 33670330 PMCID: PMC7918564 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are very promising semiconductors for many optoelectronic applications, although their extensive use is limited by their poor stability under environmental conditions. In this work, we synthesize two-dimensional perovskite single crystals and investigate their optical and structural evolution under continuous light irradiation. We found that the hydrophobic nature of the fluorinated component, together with the absence of grain boundary defects, lead to improved material stability thanks to the creation of a robust barrier that preserve the crystalline structure, hindering photo-degradation processes usually promoted by oxygen and moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Coriolano
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università Del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Polimeno
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università Del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Francesco Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Rosanna Mastria
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Ardizzone
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università Del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.C.); (L.P.); (M.D.G.); (F.T.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (L.D.); (D.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Ballarini D, Gianfrate A, Panico R, Opala A, Ghosh S, Dominici L, Ardizzone V, De Giorgi M, Lerario G, Gigli G, Liew TCH, Matuszewski M, Sanvitto D. Polaritonic Neuromorphic Computing Outperforms Linear Classifiers. Nano Lett 2020; 20:3506-3512. [PMID: 32251601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning software applications are ubiquitous in many fields of science and society for their outstanding capability to solve computationally vast problems like the recognition of patterns and regularities in big data sets. In spite of these impressive achievements, such processors are still based on the so-called von Neumann architecture, which is a bottleneck for faster and power-efficient neuromorphic computation. Therefore, one of the main goals of research is to conceive physical realizations of artificial neural networks capable of performing fully parallel and ultrafast operations. Here we show that lattices of exciton-polariton condensates accomplish neuromorphic computing with outstanding accuracy thanks to their high optical nonlinearity. We demonstrate that our neural network significantly increases the recognition efficiency compared with the linear classification algorithms on one of the most widely used benchmarks, the MNIST problem, showing a concrete advantage from the integration of optical systems in neural network architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Gianfrate
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Riccardo Panico
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrzej Opala
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ardizzone
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lerario
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Michal Matuszewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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16
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Suárez-Forero DG, Ardizzone V, Covre da Silva SF, Reindl M, Fieramosca A, Polimeno L, Giorgi MD, Dominici L, Pfeiffer LN, Gigli G, Ballarini D, Laussy F, Rastelli A, Sanvitto D. Quantum hydrodynamics of a single particle. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:85. [PMID: 32435468 PMCID: PMC7221079 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor devices are strong competitors in the race for the development of quantum computational systems. In this work, we interface two semiconductor building blocks of different dimensionalities with complementary properties: (1) a quantum dot hosting a single exciton and acting as a nearly ideal single-photon emitter and (2) a quantum well in a 2D microcavity sustaining polaritons, which are known for their strong interactions and unique hydrodynamic properties, including ultrafast real-time monitoring of their propagation and phase mapping. In the present experiment, we can thus observe how the injected single particles propagate and evolve inside the microcavity, giving rise to hydrodynamic features typical of macroscopic systems despite their genuine intrinsic quantum nature. In the presence of a structural defect, we observe the celebrated quantum interference of a single particle that produces fringes reminiscent of wave propagation. While this behavior could be theoretically expected, our imaging of such an interference pattern, together with a measurement of antibunching, constitutes the first demonstration of spatial mapping of the self-interference of a single quantum particle impinging on an obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gustavo Suárez-Forero
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ardizzone
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Saimon Filipe Covre da Silva
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstr. 69, Linz, 4040 Austria
| | - Marcus Reindl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstr. 69, Linz, 4040 Austria
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100 Italy
| | - Laura Polimeno
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100 Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Loren N. Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100 Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabrice Laussy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY UK
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstr. 69, Linz, 4040 Austria
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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17
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Ballarini D, Caputo D, Dagvadorj G, Juggins R, Giorgi MD, Dominici L, West K, Pfeiffer LN, Gigli G, Szymańska MH, Sanvitto D. Directional Goldstone waves in polariton condensates close to equilibrium. Nat Commun 2020; 11:217. [PMID: 31924751 PMCID: PMC6954190 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum fluids of light are realized in semiconductor microcavities using exciton-polaritons, solid-state quasi-particles with a light mass and sizeable interactions. Here, we use the microscopic analogue of oceanographic techniques to measure the excitation spectrum of a thermalised polariton condensate. Increasing the fluid density, we demonstrate the transition from a free-particle parabolic dispersion to a linear, sound-like Goldstone mode characteristic of superfluids at equilibrium. Notably, we reveal the effect of an asymmetric pumping by showing that collective excitations are created with a definite direction with respect to the condensate. Furthermore, we measure the critical sound speed for polariton superfluids close to equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Davide Caputo
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.,University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Galbadrakh Dagvadorj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard Juggins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Kenneth West
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Loren N Pfeiffer
- Electrical Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.,University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marzena H Szymańska
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.,INFN, Sez. Lecce, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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18
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Suárez-Forero DG, Giuri A, De Giorgi M, Polimeno L, De Marco L, Todisco F, Gigli G, Dominici L, Ballarini D, Ardizzone V, Belviso BD, Altamura D, Giannini C, Brescia R, Colella S, Listorti A, Esposito Corcione C, Rizzo A, Sanvitto D. Quantum Nature of Light in Nonstoichiometric Bulk Perovskites. ACS Nano 2019; 13:10711-10716. [PMID: 31469265 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sources of single photons are a fundamental brick in the development of quantum information technologies. Great efforts have been made so far in the realization of reliable, highly efficient, and on demand quantum sources that could show an easy integration with quantum devices. This has recently culminated in the use of solid state quantum dots as promising candidates for future sources of quantum technologies. However, some challenges, like their complex fabrication, random distribution, and difficult integrability with silicon technology, could hinder their broad application, making necessary the study of alternative systems. In this work, we clearly demonstrate single photon emission from quantum dots formed in nonstoichiometric bulk perovskites. Their simple growing procedures, exceptional stability under constant illumination, easy control of their optical properties, as well as ease of integrability make these materials very interesting candidates for the development of quantum light sources in the near-infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Suárez-Forero
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , via per Monteroni, km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Antonella Giuri
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , via per Monteroni, km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Laura Polimeno
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Francesco Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ardizzone
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Benny D Belviso
- Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR-IC , Via Amendola 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR-IC , Via Amendola 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR-IC , Via Amendola 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Rosaria Brescia
- Electron Microscopy Facility , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova 16163 , Italy
| | - Silvia Colella
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Andrea Listorti
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , via per Monteroni, km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- INFN Sezione di Lecce , 73100 Lecce , Italy
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19
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Ballarini D, Chestnov I, Caputo D, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, West K, Pfeiffer LN, Gigli G, Kavokin A, Sanvitto D. Self-Trapping of Exciton-Polariton Condensates in GaAs Microcavities. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:047401. [PMID: 31491238 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.047401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-trapping of exciton-polariton condensates is demonstrated and explained by the formation of a new polaronlike state. Above the polariton lasing threshold, local variation of the lattice temperature provides the mechanism for an attractive interaction between polaritons. Because of this attraction, the condensate collapses into a small bright spot. Its position and momentum variances approach the Heisenberg quantum limit. The self-trapping does not require either a resonant driving force or a presence of defects. The trapped state is stabilized by the phonon-assisted stimulated scattering of excitons into the polariton condensate. While the formation mechanism of the observed self-trapped state is similar to the Landau-Pekar polaron model, this state is populated by several thousands of quasiparticles, in a striking contrast to the conventional single-particle polaron state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Igor Chestnov
- Westlake University, School of Science, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Natural Sciences, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Vladimir State University, 600000 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Davide Caputo
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Kenneth West
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton Unviversity, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Loren N Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton Unviversity, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- Westlake University, School of Science, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Natural Sciences, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Russian Quantum Centre, 100 Novaya St., 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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20
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Fieramosca A, Polimeno L, Ardizzone V, De Marco L, Pugliese M, Maiorano V, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, Gigli G, Gerace D, Ballarini D, Sanvitto D. Two-dimensional hybrid perovskites sustaining strong polariton interactions at room temperature. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav9967. [PMID: 31172027 PMCID: PMC6544457 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polaritonic devices exploit the coherent coupling between excitonic and photonic degrees of freedom to perform highly nonlinear operations with low input powers. Most of the current results exploit excitons in epitaxially grown quantum wells and require low-temperature operation, while viable alternatives have yet to be found at room temperature. We show that large single-crystal flakes of two-dimensional layered perovskite are able to sustain strong polariton nonlinearities at room temperature without the need to be embedded in an optical cavity formed by highly reflecting mirrors. In particular, exciton-exciton interaction energies are shown to be spin dependent, remarkably similar to the ones known for inorganic quantum wells at cryogenic temperatures, and more than one order of magnitude larger than alternative room temperature polariton devices reported so far. Because of their easy fabrication, large dipolar oscillator strengths, and strong nonlinearities, these materials pave the way for realization of polariton devices at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Fieramosca
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L. Polimeno
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Ardizzone
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Corresponding author. (V.A.); (L.D.M.)
| | - L. De Marco
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Corresponding author. (V.A.); (L.D.M.)
| | - M. Pugliese
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Maiorano
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M. De Giorgi
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L. Dominici
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G. Gigli
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D. Gerace
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - D. Ballarini
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D. Sanvitto
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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21
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Barachati F, Fieramosca A, Hafezian S, Gu J, Chakraborty B, Ballarini D, Martinu L, Menon V, Sanvitto D, Kéna-Cohen S. Interacting polariton fluids in a monolayer of tungsten disulfide. Nat Nanotechnol 2018; 13:906-909. [PMID: 30082925 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess a number of properties that make them attractive for realizing room-temperature polariton devices1. An ideal platform for manipulating polariton fluids within monolayer TMDs is that of Bloch surface waves, which confine the electric field to a small volume near the surface of a dielectric mirror2-4. Here we demonstrate that monolayer tungsten disulfide can sustain Bloch surface wave polaritons (BSWPs) with a Rabi splitting of 43 meV and propagation lengths reaching 33 μm. In addition, we show strong polariton-polariton nonlinearities within BSWPs, which manifest themselves as a reversible blueshift of the lower polariton resonance. Such nonlinearities are at the heart of polariton devices5-11 and have not yet been demonstrated in TMD polaritons. As a proof of concept, we use the nonlinearity to implement a nonlinear polariton source. Our results demonstrate that BSWPs using TMDs can support long-range propagation combined with strong nonlinearities, enabling potential applications in integrated optical processing and polaritonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Barachati
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Soroush Hafezian
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Physics, City College & Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Biswanath Chakraborty
- Department of Physics, City College & Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ludvik Martinu
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Physics, City College & Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR - NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stéphane Kéna-Cohen
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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22
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Dominici L, Carretero-González R, Gianfrate A, Cuevas-Maraver J, Rodrigues AS, Frantzeskakis DJ, Lerario G, Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Gigli G, Kevrekidis PG, Sanvitto D. Interactions and scattering of quantum vortices in a polariton fluid. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1467. [PMID: 29654228 PMCID: PMC5899148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum vortices, the quantized version of classical vortices, play a prominent role in superfluid and superconductor phase transitions. However, their exploration at a particle level in open quantum systems has gained considerable attention only recently. Here we study vortex pair interactions in a resonant polariton fluid created in a solid-state microcavity. By tracking the vortices on picosecond time scales, we reveal the role of nonlinearity, as well as of density and phase gradients, in driving their rotational dynamics. Such effects are also responsible for the split of composite spin–vortex molecules into elementary half-vortices, when seeding opposite vorticity between the two spinorial components. Remarkably, we also observe that vortices placed in close proximity experience a pull–push scenario leading to unusual scattering-like events that can be described by a tunable effective potential. Understanding vortex interactions can be useful in quantum hydrodynamics and in the development of vortex-based lattices, gyroscopes, and logic devices. Superfluid flow around a vortex is quantized so that vortices become discrete, particle-like defects, with interactions mediated by the surrounding fluid. Here, the authors use a polariton system to experimentally investigate the behavior and scattering of vortices in a two-component superfluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Ricardo Carretero-González
- Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Group, Computational Sciences Research Center, and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182-7720, USA
| | - Antonio Gianfrate
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Jesús Cuevas-Maraver
- Grupo de Física No Lineal, Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, 41011, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Matemáticas de la Universidad de Sevilla (IMUS), Edificio Celestino Mutis. Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Augusto S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Física e Astronomia/CFP, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dimitri J Frantzeskakis
- Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, Athens, 15784, Greece
| | - Giovanni Lerario
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Panayotis G Kevrekidis
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003-4515, USA
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.,INFN Sezione di Lecce, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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23
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Cuevas Á, López Carreño JC, Silva B, De Giorgi M, Suárez-Forero DG, Sánchez Muñoz C, Fieramosca A, Cardano F, Marrucci L, Tasco V, Biasiol G, del Valle E, Dominici L, Ballarini D, Gigli G, Mataloni P, Laussy FP, Sciarrino F, Sanvitto D. First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaao6814. [PMID: 29725616 PMCID: PMC5930420 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao6814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polaritons are quasi-particles that originate from the coupling of light with matter and that demonstrate quantum phenomena at the many-particle mesoscopic level, such as Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity. A highly sought and long-time missing feature of polaritons is a genuine quantum manifestation of their dynamics at the single-particle level. Although they are conceptually perceived as entangled states and theoretical proposals abound for an explicit manifestation of their single-particle properties, so far their behavior has remained fully accounted for by classical and mean-field theories. We report the first experimental demonstration of a genuinely quantum state of the microcavity polariton field, by swapping a photon for a polariton in a two-photon entangled state generated by parametric downconversion. When bringing this single-polariton quantum state in contact with a polariton condensate, we observe a disentangling with the external photon. This manifestation of a polariton quantum state involving a single quantum unlocks new possibilities for quantum information processing with interacting bosons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Cuevas
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Nanotec—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Juan Camilo López Carreño
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Blanca Silva
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Nanotec—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Nanotec—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniel G. Suárez-Forero
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Nanotec—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Carlos Sánchez Muñoz
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Nanotec—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | - Vittorianna Tasco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Nanotec—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giorgio Biasiol
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, CNR, Laboratorio di Tecnologie Avanzate, Superfici e Catalisi (TASC), I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena del Valle
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Nanotec—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Nanotec—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Nanotec—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Paolo Mataloni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrice P. Laussy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Nanotec—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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24
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Caputo D, Ballarini D, Dagvadorj G, Sánchez Muñoz C, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, West K, Pfeiffer LN, Gigli G, Laussy FP, Szymańska MH, Sanvitto D. Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates. Nat Mater 2018; 17:145-151. [PMID: 29200196 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition from a disordered to a quasi-ordered state, mediated by the proliferation of topological defects in two dimensions, governs seemingly remote physical systems ranging from liquid helium, ultracold atoms and superconducting thin films to ensembles of spins. Here we observe such a transition in a short-lived gas of exciton-polaritons, bosonic light-matter particles in semiconductor microcavities. The observed quasi-ordered phase, characteristic for an equilibrium two-dimensional bosonic gas, with a decay of coherence in both spatial and temporal domains with the same algebraic exponent, is reproduced with numerical solutions of stochastic dynamics, proving that the mechanism of pairing of the topological defects (vortices) is responsible for the transition to the algebraic order. This is made possible thanks to long polariton lifetimes in high-quality samples and in a reservoir-free region. Our results show that the joint measurement of coherence both in space and time is required to characterize driven-dissipative phase transitions and enable the investigation of topological ordering in open systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Caputo
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Galbadrakh Dagvadorj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Kenneth West
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Loren N Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabrice P Laussy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, WV1 1LY, UK
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Marzena H Szymańska
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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25
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Gianfrate A, Dominici L, Voronych O, Matuszewski M, Stobińska M, Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. Superluminal X-waves in a polariton quantum fluid. Light Sci Appl 2018; 7:17119. [PMID: 30839621 PMCID: PMC6107045 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time the spontaneous generation of two-dimensional exciton-polariton X-waves. X-waves belong to the family of localized packets that can sustain their shape without spreading, even in the linear regime. This allows the wavepacket to maintain its shape and size for very low densities and very long times compared to soliton waves, which always necessitate a nonlinearity to compensate the diffusion. Here, we exploit the polariton nonlinearity and uniquely structured dispersion, comprising both positive- and negative-mass curvatures, to trigger an asymmetric four-wave mixing in momentum space. This ultimately enables the self-formation of a spatial X-wave front. Using ultrafast imaging experiments, we observe the early reshaping of the initial Gaussian packet into the X-pulse and its propagation, even for vanishingly small densities. This allows us to outline the crucial effects and parameters that drive the phenomena and to tune the degree of superluminal propagation, which we found to be in close agreement with numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gianfrate
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Oksana Voronych
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Matuszewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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26
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Ballarini D, Caputo D, Muñoz CS, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, Szymańska MH, West K, Pfeiffer LN, Gigli G, Laussy FP, Sanvitto D. Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:215301. [PMID: 28598653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.215301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a record-size, two-dimensional polariton condensate of a fraction of a millimeter radius free from the presence of an exciton reservoir. This macroscopically occupied state is formed by the ballistically expanding polariton flow that relaxes and condenses over a large area outside of the excitation spot. The density of this trap-free condensate is <1 polariton/μm^{2}, reducing the phase noise induced by the interaction energy. Moreover, the backflow effect, recently predicted for the nonparabolic polariton dispersion, is observed here for the first time in the fast-expanding wave packet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Caputo
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marzena H Szymańska
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth West
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Loren N Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabrice P Laussy
- University of Wolverhampton, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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27
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Lerario G, Ballarini D, Fieramosca A, Cannavale A, Genco A, Mangione F, Gambino S, Dominici L, De Giorgi M, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. High-speed flow of interacting organic polaritons. Light Sci Appl 2017; 6:e16212. [PMID: 30167229 PMCID: PMC6062184 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The strong coupling of an excitonic transition with an electromagnetic mode results in composite quasi-particles called exciton polaritons, which have been shown to combine the best properties of their individual components in semiconductor microcavities. However, the physics and applications of polariton flows in organic materials and at room temperature are still unexplored because of the poor photon confinement in such structures. Here, we demonstrate that polaritons formed by the hybridization of organic excitons with a Bloch surface wave are able to propagate for hundreds of microns showing remarkable third-order nonlinear interactions upon high injection density. These findings pave the way for the study of organic nonlinear light-matter fluxes and for a technologically promising route of the realization of dissipation-less on-chip polariton devices operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lerario
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cannavale
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di matematica e fisica ‘Ennio De Giorgi’, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Armando Genco
- Dipartimento di matematica e fisica ‘Ennio De Giorgi’, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica Mangione
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gambino
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di matematica e fisica ‘Ennio De Giorgi’, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di matematica e fisica ‘Ennio De Giorgi’, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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28
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Todisco F, Esposito M, Panaro S, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, Ballarini D, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Tasco V, Cuscunà M, Passaseo A, Ciracì C, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. Toward Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Hybrid Photon Gap-Plasmon States. ACS Nano 2016; 10:11360-11368. [PMID: 28024373 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Combining localized surface plasmons (LSPs) and diffractive surface waves (DSWs) in metallic nanoparticle gratings leads to the emergence of collective hybrid plasmonic-photonic modes known as surface lattice resonances (SLRs). These show reduced losses and therefore a higher Q factor with respect to pure LSPs, at the price of larger volumes. Thus, they can constitute a flexible and efficient platform for light-matter interaction. However, it remains an open question if there is, in terms of the Q/V ratio, a sizable gain with respect to the uncoupled LSPs or DSWs. This is a fundamental point to shed light upon if such modes want to be exploited, for instance, for cavity quantum electrodynamic effects. Here, using aluminum nanoparticle square gratings with unit cells consisting of narrow-gap disk dimers-a geometry featuring a very small modal volume-we demonstrate that an enhancement of the Q/V ratio with respect to the pure LSP and DSW is obtained for SLRs with a well-defined degree of plasmon hybridization. Simultaneously, we report a 5× increase of the Q/V ratio for the gap-coupled LSP with respect to that of the single nanoparticle. These outcomes are experimentally probed against the Rabi splitting, resulting from the coupling between the SLR and a J-aggregated molecular dye, showing an increase of 80% with respect to the DSW-like SLR sustained by the disk LSP of the dimer. The results of this work open the way toward more efficient applications for the exploitation of excitonic nonlinearities in hybrid plasmonic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Marco Esposito
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Simone Panaro
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Barsanti, Arnesano 73010, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Antonio I Fernández-Domínguez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente , 7 Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Vittorianna Tasco
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Massimo Cuscunà
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Adriana Passaseo
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Cristian Ciracì
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Barsanti, Arnesano 73010, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
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29
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Silva B, Sánchez Muñoz C, Ballarini D, González-Tudela A, de Giorgi M, Gigli G, West K, Pfeiffer L, Del Valle E, Sanvitto D, Laussy FP. The colored Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37980. [PMID: 27922021 PMCID: PMC5138626 DOI: 10.1038/srep37980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is one of the celebrated phenomenologies of modern physics that accommodates equally well classical (interferences of waves) and quantum (correlations between indistinguishable particles) interpretations. The effect was discovered in the late thirties with a basic observation of Hanbury Brown that radio-pulses from two distinct antennas generate signals on the oscilloscope that wiggle similarly to the naked eye. When Hanbury Brown and his mathematician colleague Twiss took the obvious step to propose bringing the effect in the optical range, they met with considerable opposition as single-photon interferences were deemed impossible. The Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is nowadays universally accepted and, being so fundamental, embodies many subtleties of our understanding of the wave/particle dual nature of light. Thanks to a novel experimental technique, we report here a generalized version of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect to include the frequency of the detected light, or, from the particle point of view, the energy of the detected photons. Our source of light is a polariton condensate, that allows high-resolution filtering of a spectrally broad source with a high degree of coherence. In addition to the known tendencies of indistinguishable photons to arrive together on the detector, we find that photons of different colors present the opposite characteristic of avoiding each others. We postulate that fermions can be similarly brought to exhibit positive (boson-like) correlations by frequency filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Silva
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Sánchez Muñoz
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - M de Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - K West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - E Del Valle
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - F P Laussy
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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30
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Dominici L, Petrov M, Matuszewski M, Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Colas D, Cancellieri E, Silva Fernández B, Bramati A, Gigli G, Kavokin A, Laussy F, Sanvitto D. Real-space collapse of a polariton condensate. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8993. [PMID: 26634817 PMCID: PMC4686858 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcavity polaritons are two-dimensional bosonic fluids with strong nonlinearities, composed of coupled photonic and electronic excitations. In their condensed form, they display quantum hydrodynamic features similar to atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, such as long-range coherence, superfluidity and quantized vorticity. Here we report the unique phenomenology that is observed when a pulse of light impacts the polariton vacuum: the fluid which is suddenly created does not splash but instead coheres into a very bright spot. The real-space collapse into a sharp peak is at odd with the repulsive interactions of polaritons and their positive mass, suggesting that an unconventional mechanism is at play. Our modelling devises a possible explanation in the self-trapping due to a local heating of the crystal lattice, that can be described as a collective polaron formed by a polariton condensate. These observations hint at the polariton fluid dynamics in conditions of extreme intensities and ultrafast times.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M. Petrov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. Matuszewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D. Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M. De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D. Colas
- Física Teorica de la Materia Condensada, UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Cancellieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Paris 6, ÉNS et CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - B. Silva Fernández
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Física Teorica de la Materia Condensada, UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Paris 6, ÉNS et CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G. Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio de Giorgi”, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A. Kavokin
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
- CNR-SPIN, Tor Vergata, viale del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - F. Laussy
- Física Teorica de la Materia Condensada, UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Russian Quantum Center, Moscow Region, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia
| | - D. Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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31
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Dominici L, Dagvadorj G, Fellows JM, Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Marchetti FM, Piccirillo B, Marrucci L, Bramati A, Gigli G, Szymańska MH, Sanvitto D. Vortex and half-vortex dynamics in a nonlinear spinor quantum fluid. Sci Adv 2015; 1:e1500807. [PMID: 26665174 PMCID: PMC4672757 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Vortices are archetypal objects that recur in the universe across the scale of complexity, from subatomic particles to galaxies and black holes. Their appearance is connected with spontaneous symmetry breaking and phase transitions. In Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluids, vortices are both point-like and quantized quasiparticles. We use a two-dimensional (2D) fluid of polaritons, bosonic particles constituted by hybrid photonic and electronic oscillations, to study quantum vortex dynamics. Polaritons benefit from easiness of wave function phase detection, a spinor nature sustaining half-integer vorticity, strong nonlinearity, and tuning of the background disorder. We can directly generate by resonant pulsed excitations a polariton condensate carrying either a full or half-integer vortex as initial condition and follow their coherent evolution using ultrafast imaging on the picosecond scale. The observations highlight a rich phenomenology, such as the spiraling of the half-vortex and the joint path of the twin charges of a full vortex, until the moment of their splitting. Furthermore, we observe the ordered branching into newly generated secondary couples, associated with the breaking of radial and azimuthal symmetries. This allows us to devise the interplay of nonlinearity and sample disorder in shaping the fluid and driving the vortex dynamics. In addition, our observations suggest that phase singularities may be seen as fundamental particles whose quantized events span from pair creation and recombination to 2D+t topological vortex strings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Dominici
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio de Giorgi,” Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | - Dario Ballarini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca M. Marchetti
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Piccirillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL, Research University, Collàge de France, 4 place Jussieu, case 74, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio de Giorgi,” Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marzena H. Szymańska
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E6BT London, UK
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Todisco F, D'Agostino S, Esposito M, Fernández-Domínguez AI, De Giorgi M, Ballarini D, Dominici L, Tarantini I, Cuscuná M, Della Sala F, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. Exciton-Plasmon Coupling Enhancement via Metal Oxidation. ACS Nano 2015; 9:9691-9. [PMID: 26378956 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the effect of metal oxidation on strong coupling interactions between silver nanostructures and a J-aggregated cyanine dye. We show that metal oxidation can sensibly affect the plexcitonic system, inducing a change in the coupling strength. In particular, we demonstrate that the presence of oxide prevents the appearance of Rabi splitting in the extinction spectra for thick spacers. In contrast, below a threshold percentage, the oxide layer results in an higher coupling strength between the plasmon and the Frenkel exciton. Contrary to common belief, a thin oxide layer seems thus to act, under certain conditions, as a coupling mediator between an emitter and a localized surface plasmon excited in a metallic nanostructure. This suggests that metal oxidation can be exploited as a means to enhance light-matter interactions in strong coupling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Stefania D'Agostino
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, Arnesano, Italy 73010
| | - Marco Esposito
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Antonio I Fernández-Domínguez
- Departamento de Fìsica Teòrica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autònoma de Madrid Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente , 7 Madrid, Spain E-28049
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, Arnesano, Italy 73010
| | - Iolena Tarantini
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Massimo Cuscuná
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Fabio Della Sala
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, Arnesano, Italy 73010
- Istituto Nanoscienze, CNR, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT) , Via Arnesano, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
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Dominici L, Colas D, Donati S, Restrepo Cuartas JP, De Giorgi M, Ballarini D, Guirales G, López Carreño JC, Bramati A, Gigli G, Del Valle E, Laussy FP, Sanvitto D. Ultrafast Control and Rabi Oscillations of Polaritons. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:226401. [PMID: 25494079 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.226401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental observation and control of space and time-resolved light-matter Rabi oscillations in a microcavity. Our setup precision and the system coherence are so high that coherent control can be implemented with amplification or switching off of the oscillations and even erasing of the polariton density by optical pulses. The data are reproduced by a quantum optical model with excellent accuracy, providing new insights on the key components that rule the polariton dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dominici
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT-Lecce, Via Barsanti, 73010 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Colas
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Donati
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT-Lecce, Via Barsanti, 73010 Lecce, Italy and Universitá del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - J P Restrepo Cuartas
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M De Giorgi
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Ballarini
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Guirales
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín AA 1226, Colombia
| | - J C López Carreño
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Paris 6, ENS et CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G Gigli
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT-Lecce, Via Barsanti, 73010 Lecce, Italy and Universitá del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - E Del Valle
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F P Laussy
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Sanvitto
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Lerario G, Cannavale A, Ballarini D, Dominici L, De Giorgi M, Liscidini M, Gerace D, Sanvitto D, Gigli G. Room temperature Bloch surface wave polaritons. Opt Lett 2014; 39:2068-2071. [PMID: 24686676 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.002068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasi-particles that have gathered a significant attention for their capability of showing room temperature and out-of-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation. More recently, a novel class of ultrafast optical devices have been realized by using flows of polariton fluids, such as switches, interferometers, and logical gates. However, polariton lifetimes and propagation distances are strongly limited by photon losses and accessible in-plane momenta in normal microcavity samples. In this work, we show experimental evidence of the formation of room temperature propagating polariton states arising from the strong coupling between organic excitons and a Bloch surface wave. This result, which was only recently predicted, paves the way for the realization of polariton devices that could allow lossless propagation up to macroscopic distances.
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De Giorgi M, Ballarini D, Cazzato P, Deligeorgis G, Tsintzos SI, Hatzopoulos Z, Savvidis PG, Gigli G, Laussy FP, Sanvitto D. Relaxation oscillations in the formation of a polariton condensate. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:113602. [PMID: 24702368 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report observation of oscillations in the dynamics of a microcavity polariton condensate formed under pulsed nonresonant excitation. While oscillations in a condensate have always been attributed to Josephson mechanisms due to a chemical potential unbalance, here we show that under some localization conditions of the condensate, they may arise from relaxation oscillations, a pervasive classical dynamics that repeatedly provokes the sudden decay of a reservoir, shutting off relaxation as the reservoir is replenished. Using nonresonant excitation, it is thus possible to obtain condensate injection pulses with a record frequency of 0.1 THz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena De Giorgi
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze - Cnr, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy and CBN-IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze - Cnr, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy and CBN-IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Lecce, Italy
| | - Paolo Cazzato
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze - Cnr, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy and CBN-IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Lecce, Italy
| | - George Deligeorgis
- CNRS-LAAS and Univ de Toulouse, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Zacharias Hatzopoulos
- IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece and Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Pavlos G Savvidis
- IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece and Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze - Cnr, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy and CBN-IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Lecce, Italy and University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabrice P Laussy
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze - Cnr, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy and CBN-IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Lecce, Italy
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36
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Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Cancellieri E, Houdré R, Giacobino E, Cingolani R, Bramati A, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. All-optical polariton transistor. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1778. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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De Giorgi M, Ballarini D, Cancellieri E, Marchetti FM, Szymanska MH, Tejedor C, Cingolani R, Giacobino E, Bramati A, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. Control and ultrafast dynamics of a two-fluid polariton switch. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:266407. [PMID: 23368594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.266407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the cross interactions in a two-component polariton quantum fluid coherently driven by two independent pumping lasers tuned at different energies and momenta. We show that both the hysteresis cycles and the on-off threshold of one polariton signal can be entirely controlled by a second polariton fluid. Furthermore, we study the ultrafast switching dynamics of a driven polariton state, demonstrating the ability to control the polariton population with an external laser pulse, in less than a few picoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Giorgi
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Ballarini D, Sanvitto D, Amo A, Viña L, Wouters M, Carusotto I, Lemaitre A, Bloch J. Observation of long-lived polariton states in semiconductor microcavities across the parametric threshold. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:056402. [PMID: 19257528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.056402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The excitation spectrum around the pump-only stationary state of a polariton optical parametric oscillator in semiconductor microcavities is investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence. The response to a weak pulsed perturbation in the vicinity of the idler mode is directly related to the lifetime of the elementary excitations. A dramatic increase of the lifetime is observed for a pump intensity approaching and exceeding the optical parametric oscillator threshold. The observations can be explained in terms of a critical slowing down of the dynamics upon approaching the threshold and the following appearance of a soft Goldstone mode in the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ballarini
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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39
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Martín MD, Aichmayr G, Amo A, Ballarini D, Kłopotowski L, Viña L. Polariton and spin dynamics in semiconductor microcavities under non-resonant excitation. J Phys Condens Matter 2007; 19:295204. [PMID: 21483056 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/29/295204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor microcavities offer an ideal scenario to study strong radiation-matter interactions. In this paper we review the temporal dynamics of polaritons in II-VI and III-V based microcavities under non-resonant excitation conditions. We present evidence of final-state stimulated scattering and discuss the spin-dependent emission, which exhibits a remarkably rich behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Martín
- SEMICUAM. Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Martín MD, Ballarini D, Amo A, Kłopotowsi Ł, Viña L, Kavokin AV, André R. Striking dynamics of II-VI microcavity polaritons after linearly polarized excitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200562036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Amo A, Martín MD, Ballarini D, Viña L, Sanvitto D, Skolnick MS, Roberts JS. Angular switching of the linear polarization of the emission in InGaAs microcavities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200562002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The experience of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan of 143 patients who underwent extended surgery for cancer of the stomach from 1965 to 1980 is reviewed. They represent 16.3 per cent of the patients who underwent curative surgery. The operative mortality rate was 15.4 per cent but this significantly decreased in recent years to 8 per cent and the morbidity rate to 17.5 per cent. The overall 5-year survival rate was 19 per cent. Survival was analysed according to tumour penetration (pT) and nodal status (N). It was found that patients without tumour penetration of adjacent structures and nodal involvement (pT3N-) had a better 5-year survival rate (21 per cent) than patients with nodal involvement (pT3N+) (2 per cent). Patients with tumour penetration of adjacent structures and without nodal involvement (pT4N-) had a better 5-year survival rate (29 per cent) than patients with nodal involvement (pT4N+) (5 per cent). These differences were significant on log rank test (P less than 0.000001 and P less than 0.001 respectively) and suggest that nodal status is a stronger prognostic variable than pT level. The role of extended surgery is discussed from the viewpoint of the oncological surgeon who has to weigh up the difficulty of a preoperative diagnosis of tumour infiltration of adjacent structures (predictive positive value 0.39), with the operative mortality rate of at least 8 per cent and long-term results which are strongly affected by the nodal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bozzetti
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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