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Marciszak A, Mackiewicz P, Borówka RK, Capalbo C, Chibowski P, Gąsiorowski M, Hercman H, Cedro B, Kropczyk A, Gornig W, Moska P, Nowakowski D, Ratajczak-Skrzatek U, Sobczyk A, Sykut MT, Zarzecka-Szubińska K, Kovalchuk O, Barkaszi Z, Stefaniak K, Mazza PPA. Fate and preservation of the late pleistocene cave bears from Niedźwiedzia Cave in Poland, through taphonomy, pathology, and geochemistry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9775. [PMID: 38684693 PMCID: PMC11059340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive study examines fossil remains from Niedźwiedzia Cave in the Eastern Sudetes, offering detailed insights into the palaeobiology and adversities encountered by the Pleistocene cave bear Ursus spelaeus ingressus. Emphasising habitual cave use for hibernation and a primarily herbivorous diet, the findings attribute mortality to resource scarcity during hibernation and habitat fragmentation amid climate shifts. Taphonomic analysis indicates that the cave was extensively used by successive generations of bears, virtually unexposed to the impact of predators. The study also reveals that alkaline conditions developed in the cave during the post-depositional taphonomic processes. Mortality patterns, notably among juveniles, imply dwindling resources, indicative of environmental instability. Skeletal examination reveals a high incidence of forelimb fractures, indicating risks during activities like digging or confrontations. Palaeopathological evidence unveils vulnerabilities to tuberculosis, abscesses, rickets, and injuries, elucidating mobility challenges. The cave's silts exhibit a high zinc concentration, potentially derived from successive bear generations consuming zinc-rich plants. This study illuminates the lives of late cave bears, elucidating unique environmental hurdles faced near their species' end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Marciszak
- Department of Palaeozoology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ryszard K Borówka
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Szczecin University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Chiara Capalbo
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Piotr Chibowski
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Gąsiorowski
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helena Hercman
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bernard Cedro
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Wiktoria Gornig
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Moska
- Institute of Physics - Centre for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Nowakowski
- Division of Anthropology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Artur Sobczyk
- Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej T Sykut
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Moesgård Allé 20, 8270, Højbjerg, Denmark
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1C, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | | | - Oleksandr Kovalchuk
- Department of Palaeozoology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, National Museum of Natural History, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Zoltán Barkaszi
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, National Museum of Natural History, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, John Von Neumann University, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | | | - Paul P A Mazza
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Hoffmann H, Mechera R, Nowakowski D, Adolf D, Kirchhoff P, Riediger H, Köckerling F. Gender differences in epigastric hernia repair: a propensity score matching analysis of 15,925 patients from the Herniamed registry. Hernia 2023:10.1007/s10029-023-02799-8. [PMID: 37160505 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent surgical literature, gender-specific differences in the outcome of hernia surgery has been analyzed. We already know that female patients are at higher risk to develop chronic postoperative pain after inguinal, incisional, and umbilical hernia surgery. In this study, we evaluated the impact of gender on the outcome after epigastric hernia surgery. METHODS A covariable-adjusted matched-paired analysis with data derived from the Herniamed registry was performed. In total of 15,925 patients with 1-year follow-up data were included in the study. Propensity score matching was performed for the 7786 female (48.9%) and 8139 male (51.1%) patients, creating 6350 pairs (81.6%). RESULTS Matched-paired analysis revealed a significant disadvantage for female patients for pain on exertion (12.1% vs. 7.6%; p < 0.001) compared to male patients. The same effect was demonstrated for pain at rest (6.2% in female patients vs. 4.1% in male patients; p < 0.001) and pain requiring treatment (4.6% in female patients vs. 3.1% in male patients; p < 0.001). All other outcome parameters showed no significant differences between female and male patients. CONCLUSIONS Female patients are at a higher risk for chronic pain after elective epigastric hernia repairs compared to the male patient population. These results complete findings of previous studies showing the same effect in inguinal, umbilical, and incisional hernia repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoffmann
- Center for Hernia Surgery and Proctology, ZweiChirurgen GmbH, St. Johanns Vorstadt 44, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Surgery, Merian Iselin Clinic, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - R Mechera
- Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - D Nowakowski
- Center for Hernia Surgery and Proctology, ZweiChirurgen GmbH, St. Johanns Vorstadt 44, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Surgery, Merian Iselin Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Adolf
- StatConsult, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - P Kirchhoff
- Center for Hernia Surgery and Proctology, ZweiChirurgen GmbH, St. Johanns Vorstadt 44, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Surgery, Merian Iselin Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Riediger
- Center for Hernia Surgery, Vivantes Humboldt Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Köckerling
- Center for Hernia Surgery, Vivantes Humboldt Clinic, Berlin, Germany
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Huang L, Wang ST, Kuo HP, Delclaux C, Jensen ME, Wood LG, Costa D, Nowakowski D, Wronka I, Oliveira PD, Chen YC, Chen YC, Lee YL. Effects of obesity on pulmonary function considering the transition from obstructive to restrictive pattern from childhood to young adulthood. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13327. [PMID: 34322972 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adults with obesity exhibit a restrictive pattern, whereas children with obesity exhibit an obstructive pattern. However, the transition process remains unclear. We performed a systematic search for studies reporting on body mass index and pulmonary function in children. The main outcomes were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC), and their ratio (FEV1 /FVC). We compared individuals with overweight or with obesity with individuals with normal weight. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates. A total of 17 studies were included. Individuals with obesity had a lower FEV1 /FVC ratio (mean difference [MD] = -3.61%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -4.58%, -2.64%) and a higher percent-predicted FVC (MD = 3.33%; 95% CI = 0.79%, 5.88%) than those with normal weight. Obesity impaired pulmonary function in the obstructive pattern during childhood to young adulthood, and the maximum obstruction was observed at the age of 16 years in boys and 20 years in girls. The effects attenuated at approximately 30 years and then shifted to the restrictive pattern after 35 years of age in men and 40 years in women. The effects of obesity on pulmonary function change from the obstructive pattern in childhood to the restrictive pattern in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Te Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Christophe Delclaux
- Department of Pediatric Physiology and Sleep Center, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Megan E Jensen
- Priority Research Centre Grow Up Well and School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Dirceu Costa
- Rehabilitation Sciences Postgraduate Program, University Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dariusz Nowakowski
- Department of Anthropology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Wronka
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paula D Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Health Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yungling L Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Dubrowski A, Kliś K, Żurawiecka M, Dereń K, Barszcz M, Nowakowski D, Wronka I. Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Childhood-Adolescence and Lung Function in Adulthood. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1113:19-26. [PMID: 29445995 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of air pollution in the dwelling place during childhood-adolescence on respiratory function in early adulthood. The study was conducted in 220 female and 160 male university undergraduates in the cities of Cracow and Wroclaw in Poland and consisted of spirometry to assess lung function. The subjects' exposure to pollution during childhood-adolescence was assessed from the data acquired by the Polish Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. We found differences in all spirometry variables depending on benz[a]piren exposure, in FVC% and FEV1/%FVC depending on PM2.5 content, and in FVC% depending on NO2 content. Statistically significant differences in spirometry variables were also found in relation to the degree of urbanization of the place of living during the early life period in question. The higher the urbanization, the higher is FEV1% and FCV%, and the lower FEV1/%FVC. Additionally, undergraduates of Cracow University had worse lung function compared to those of Wroclaw University. In conclusion, air pollution in the dwelling place during childhood-adolescence has an impact on lung function in early adulthood, independently of the current exposure to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dubrowski
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Kliś
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Żurawiecka
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Dereń
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Barszcz
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - D Nowakowski
- Department of Anthropology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - I Wronka
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.
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Nowakowski D. Frequency of appearance of transverse (Harris) lines reflects living conditions of the Pleistocene bear-Ursus ingressus-(Sudety Mts., Poland). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196342. [PMID: 29684086 PMCID: PMC5912778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transverse lines, called Harris Lines (HL), osteological markers of recovery from growth arrest episodes, are visible in radiograms of recent and Pleistocene fossil bones. Since on the one hand they mark stressful episodes in life, and on the other are mainly used to trace health fluctuations in prehistoric human communities, I used a cave bear population to check if the processes that could affect the specie' condition were in any way reflected in the bone structure. 392 bear bones from Bear Cave in Kletno (collection: Department of Palaeozoology, University of Wrocław), dated as 32 100 ±1300 to >49 000 years BP, were radiologically examined. The bones were found in a non-anatomical position; morphological analysis indicated that they belonged to different individuals. HL shadows were observed on 9 tibiae and 3 radii: 8.8% out of the 59 tibiae and 77 radii and 3.1% of all the bones. At least 3 transverse lines were recognised in those cases; the specimens were histologically examined. The bear individuals in question experienced regular malnutrition periods during their ontogeny. Starvation resulting in growth inhibition involved young individuals, aged 1 to 4 years. Juveniles aged 6 months, i.e. before weaning, or younger, showed no signs of nutritional stress. Starvation periods associated with seasonal food deficit were not long or common and had no significant effect on the development and welfare of the species. This is the first description of the occurrence of transverse lines in the Pleistocene bear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Nowakowski
- Department of Anthropology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Jankowska-Polańska B, Kaczan A, Lomper K, Nowakowski D, Dudek K. Symptoms, acceptance of illness and health-related quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2017; 17:262-272. [DOI: 10.1177/1474515117733731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Acceptance of illness plays a key role, allowing the patient to adapt to the disease and its treatment, and to maintain their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) despite chronic conditions. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between severity of arrhythmia symptoms, acceptance of illness and HRQOL in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: The study included 99 patients (mean age 64.6) treated for atrial fibrillation. Three standardized instruments were used: the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire, the Arrhythmia-Specific Questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA) and the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). Results: Patients with high illness acceptance levels obtained better results in all WHOQoL-BREF domains: physical (57.0±8.9 vs. 51.1±12.5 vs. 42.0±6.2; p<0.001), social (62.6±19.8 vs. 52.5±20.0 vs. 45.7±16.0; p=0.019) and environmental (62.9±12.7 vs. 52.7±7.6 vs. 60.7±3.6; p<0.001), and in the ASTA HRQOL scale (10.5±5.4 vs. 16.1±7.6 vs. 20.3±0.5; p<0.001). Multiple-factor analysis showed AIS to be a statistically significant independent determinant of HRQOL in the physical domain of the WHOQoL (β=0.242) and in the overall HRQOL assessment in the ASTA HRQOL scale (β= −0.362). Other statistically significant independent predictors included: the negative impact of female sex on the physical (β= −0.291) and social (β= −0.284) domains of the WHOQOL-BREF, and the positive impact of urban residence on the physical WHOQOL-BREF domain and on symptom intensity in the ASTA symptom scale. Conclusions: Acceptance of illness is an important factor which has been shown to impact on HRQOL in atrial fibrillation. Female sex is a predictor of worse HRQOL, while urban residence improves HRQOL in the physical domain and decreases symptom intensity (ASTA symptom scale).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Kaczan
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Student Scientific, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lomper
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Dariusz Nowakowski
- Department of Anthropology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Dudek
- Department of Logistic and Transport Systems, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland
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Dąbrowski P, Nowakowski D, Gawlikowska-Sroka A, Maciuszczak I, Gronkiewicz S. A case of concrescent tooth-A developmental anomaly in a 19th century skull from Uganda. Int J Paleopathol 2017; 18:21-25. [PMID: 28888388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dental abnormalities in archeological material such us concrescence or odontoma are rare cases often found accidentally, mostly during routine X-ray analysis or during macroscopic examination of the mastication apparatus. In this study, we present a rare case of concrescence between an upper left third molar and a supernumerary fourth molar in a 19th century skull from Uganda. Simultaneously, it is a critical revision of earlier studies on the same object (which considered this abnormality as an odontoma), using dental X-ray imaging and histological analysis. Concrescence is a rare dental anomaly and this specimen is, to the best of our knowledge, the first such case reported in paleopathological studies of Eastern Africa. It may contribute to recognition and identification of etiopathogenetic factors in dental developmental defects in historical and contemporary populations of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dąbrowski
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - D Nowakowski
- Department of Anthropology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Gawlikowska-Sroka
- Department of General and Clinical Anatomy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - I Maciuszczak
- ARCHEOPOLIS Archeological Company. Izabela Maciuszczak. Miłocice, Poland
| | - S Gronkiewicz
- Anthropology Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Wrocław, Poland
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Gawlikowska-Sroka A, Szczurowski J, Kwiatkowska B, Konczewski P, Dzieciołowska-Baran E, Donotek M, Walecka A, Nowakowski D. Concha Bullosa in Paleoanthropological Material. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016. [PMID: 27966111 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Concha bullosa is a variant of the sinonasal anatomy in which the middle nasal turbinate contains pneumatized cells, which leads to turbinate enlargement. The reason for concha bullosa formation is unclear, but the variant is seen in up to half the modern population and it may predispose to paranasal sinusitis. The variant has hitherto featured little in paleopathology. Therefore, in the present study we seek to determine the presence of concha bullosa, with the coexisting hypertrophy of the middle turbinate and signs of sinusitis or other pathology of the paranasal complex, in a population living in Tomersdorf-Toporow in the Upper Lausatia, a historical region in Germany and Poland, presently Zgorzelec County in the Lower Silesian voivodeship, at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century. The material consisted of 32 skeletons (24 males, 8 females). The gender, age, and stress indicators and the presence of pathological signs were assessed, followed by CT of the skulls. We found 2 skulls (6.3 %) with concha bullosa. In one case septal nasal deviation was present. We conclude that the incidence of concha bullosa could be lower in the past times than at present. Wider research is necessary to settle whether concha bullosa is indeed a rare respiratory paleopathology or a missed, and thus underreported observation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Szczurowski
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - B Kwiatkowska
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - P Konczewski
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Archaeological Conservation Laboratory Antiqua, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - E Dzieciołowska-Baran
- Department of Anatomy, Pomeranian Medical University, 72 Al Powstańców Wlk. Street, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Donotek
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Walecka
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - D Nowakowski
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
A review of the literature shows that origination of biological stones as well as their pathogenesis mostly depend on the environmental factors. As a result, the structural spectrum of such calculi and their chemical composition are highly diversified. It is well known that biological stones are formed mostly in the digestive and urinary tracts. However, it has been demonstrated that this kind of stony structure can be also, though rarely, found in circulatory and reproductive systems, skin, mucosa, and tear ducts. Although in palaeopathology, the list of biological stones is enriched by stony tumours and/or discharges, it is very difficult to uncover the small size deposits in excavation material. In the literature such findings, originating from different countries and centuries, are few. The described stone was found among the bones of an adult individual in the medieval cemetery of Gdańsk (Poland). The SEM, X-ray spectrometer and chemical evaluation revealed that it was a bladder calculus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dariusz Nowakowski
- Department of Anthropology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Gawlikowska-Sroka A, Kwiatkowska B, Dąbrowski P, Dzięciołowska-Baran E, Szczurowski J, Nowakowski D. Respiratory diseases in the late middle ages. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 187:123-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mertens CJ, Hasty JM, Roark HH, Nowakowski D, Kennedy TA. Correlation-function hierarchies in nonlinear quantum optics. Phys Rev A 1995; 52:742-753. [PMID: 9912299 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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