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Tomsett KI, Barrett HL, Dekker EE, Callaway LK, McIntyre DH, Dekker Nitert M. Dietary Fiber Intake Alters Gut Microbiota Composition but Does Not Improve Gut Wall Barrier Function in Women with Future Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123862. [PMID: 33348731 PMCID: PMC7766248 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy alters the inflammatory state, metabolic hormones, and gut microbiota composition. It is unclear if the lower abundance of dietary fiber-fermenting, short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria observed in hypertension also occurs in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). This study investigated the relationship between dietary fiber intake and the gut microbiota profile at 28 weeks gestation in women who developed HDP in late pregnancy (n = 22) or remained normotensive (n = 152) from the Study of PRobiotics IN Gestational diabetes (SPRING). Dietary fiber intake was classified as above or below the median of 18.2 g/day. Gut microbiota composition was examined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The gut permeability marker zonulin was measured in a subset of 46 samples. In women with future HPD, higher dietary fiber intake was specifically associated with increased abundance of Veillonella, lower abundance of Adlercreutzia, Anaerotruncus and Uncl. Mogibacteriaceae and higher zonulin levels than normotensive women. Fiber intake and zonulin levels were negatively correlated in women with normotensive pregnancies but not in pregnancies with future HDP. In women with normotensive pregnancies, dietary fiber intake may improve gut barrier function. In contrast, in women who develop HDP, gut wall barrier function is impaired and not related to dietary fiber intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate I. Tomsett
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Helen L. Barrett
- Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (H.L.B.); (D.H.M.)
| | - Evelyn E. Dekker
- Queensland Academy for Science, Mathematics and Technology, Toowong, QLD 4066, Australia;
| | - Leonie K. Callaway
- Women’s and Newborns, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia;
| | - David H. McIntyre
- Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (H.L.B.); (D.H.M.)
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3365-4633
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Mamun AA, McIntyre DH, Najman JM, Williams GM, Khatun M, Finlay J, Callaway L. Young adult pregnancy status and the risk of developing overweight and obesity among women and men. Clin Obes 2018; 8:327-336. [PMID: 30047250 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancies can end in miscarriage, birth or termination. Although it is well known that pregnancy results in weight gain across the life course, it is unknown whether pregnancies which end in termination and miscarriage contribute to this. The study used a sub-sample of 3630 adult offspring from the original cohort of the Mater University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) and its outcomes, in Brisbane, Australia. Anthropometric data were measured at 5, 14 and 21 years of age and experience of pregnancy including termination, miscarriage and births were self-reported at 21 years. Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine whether pregnancy status of young people independently associated with overweight or obesity status. The women who had at least one birth were more likely to have overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 2.27) or obese (OR 2.38; 95% CI: 1.58, 3.59) compared to women who did not experience any pregnancy. Women whose pregnancies were terminated or miscarried were at the same risk of overweight or obesity as women who did not experience any pregnancy. For men, there is no association between the pregnancies in their partners and the mean difference in their body mass index. Young women whose pregnancies result in a birth, but not terminations or miscarriages, are at greater risk of having overweight or obesity following the birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mamun
- Institute of Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D H McIntyre
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, Mater Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J M Najman
- Institute of Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G M Williams
- Institute of Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Khatun
- Institute of Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Finlay
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Callaway
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Cibula MA, McIntyre DH. General algorithm to optimize the diffraction efficiency of a phase-type spatial light modulator. Opt Lett 2013; 38:2767-2769. [PMID: 23903136 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.002767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a general approach for optimizing the diffraction efficiency of a phase-type spatial light modulator (SLM). While the SLM displays a one-dimensional phase grating, the phase shift of one pixel in the grating is varied and the first-order diffraction efficiency is measured. This is repeated pixel-by-pixel to find the optimum phase encoding for the device that maximizes the diffraction efficiency. This method compensates for nonlinearity of the modulator phase response and is especially useful for optimizing modulators with less than 2π phase shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Cibula
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Gillen JI, McIntyre DH. Simultaneous line center and linewidth measurement using dual frequency modulation spectroscopy. Appl Opt 2010; 49:5528-5536. [PMID: 20935698 DOI: 10.1364/ao.49.005528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to simultaneously measure the center frequency of a spectral feature and the frequency linewidth of the feature. The method relies on dual frequency modulation of a carrier frequency, which probes the spectral feature, and phase sensitive detection of the transmitted signal at the two modulation frequencies. The detected signals provide two servo-stabilization signals for frequency control of the carrier frequency to the resonance line center and one of the modulation frequencies to the resonance linewidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon I Gillen
- MIT–Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Idris N, Wong SF, Thomae M, Gardener G, McIntyre DH. Influence of polyhydramnios on perinatal outcome in pregestational diabetic pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 36:338-343. [PMID: 20503236 DOI: 10.1002/uog.7676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to evaluate the perinatal outcomes of pregnancy with pregestational diabetes mellitus complicated by polyhydramnios. METHODS This was a retrospective study of singleton pregnancies, with an antepartum diagnosis of polyhydramnios, seen at the maternal fetal medicine department of Mater Mothers' Hospital, a tertiary-level facility. All pregnancies in women with pregestational diabetes with a singleton pregnancy beyond 24 weeks of gestation, from 1996 to 2006, were reviewed (n = 314), and pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios were identified (n = 59). Pregnancy outcomes of women whose pregnancy was complicated with polyhydramnios were compared to those without this complication. RESULTS The incidence of polyhydramnios in the study population was 18.8%. Women with polyhydramnios had increased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels throughout the pregnancy, and the difference was significant during the prepregnancy period and in the third trimester (P = 0.003 and P = 0.025, respectively). Significantly more mothers in the polyhydramnios group delivered preterm (54.2% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.004), the majority of which were iatrogenic preterm deliveries (44.1%). More pregnancies with polyhydramnios were delivered by Cesarean section (83.0% vs. 62%; P = 0.006), with the majority being performed electively in both groups (79.6% and 70.3%, respectively). Regardless, there were no significant differences in perinatal mortality rates, congenital abnormality rates, the incidences of low Apgar score, acidemia, hypoglycemia requiring intravenous therapy, phototherapy and ventilatory needs between the babies of the two groups. CONCLUSION Pregestational diabetic pregnancy with polyhydramnios is associated with poor diabetic control. Despite this, there is no significant increase in adverse perinatal outcome in these pregnancies, apart from a higher iatrogenic preterm birth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Idris
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Queensland, Mater Mothers' Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Wong SF, Chan FY, Cincotta RB, McIntyre DH, Stone M. Use of umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry in the monitoring of pregnancy in women with pre-existing diabetes. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2003; 43:302-6. [PMID: 14714716 DOI: 10.1046/j.0004-8666.2003.00094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usefulness of umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry for the monitoring of diabetic pregnancies is controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess whether umbilical artery Doppler velocity waveform analysis can predict adverse perinatal outcomes for pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus. METHODS All diabetic pregnancies (type 1 and 2) delivered at Mater Mothers' Hospital, Queensland, between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1999 were included. All pregnant diabetic women were monitored with umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry at 28, 32, 36, and 38 weeks' gestation. Adverse perinatal outcome was defined as pregnancies with one or more of the following: small-for-gestational age, Caesarean section for non-reassuring cardiotocography, fetal acidaemia at delivery, 1-min Apgar of 3 or less, 5-min Apgar of less than 7, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy or perinatal death. Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry was defined as a pulsatility index of 95th centile or higher for gestation. RESULTS One hundred and four pregnancies in women with pre-existing diabetes had umbilical arterial Doppler studies carried out during the study period. Twenty-three pregnancies (22.1%) had an elevated pulsatility index. If the scans were carried out within 2 weeks of delivery, 71% of pregnancies with abnormal umbilical Doppler had adverse outcomes (P < 0.01; likelihood ratio, 4.2). However, the sensitivity was 35%; specificity was 94%; positive predictive value was 80%; and negative predictive value was 68%. Only 30% of women with adverse perinatal outcomes had abnormal umbilical arterial Doppler flow. CONCLUSION Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry is not a good predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes in diabetic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shell Fean Wong
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Mater Mothers' Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the timing of fetal growth spurt among pre-existing diabetic pregnancies (types 1 and 2) and its relationship with diabetic control. To correlate fetal growth acceleration with factors that might influence fetal growth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective study involved all pregestational diabetic pregnancies delivered at a tertiary obstetric hospital in Australia between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1999. Pregnancies with major congenital fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, small-for-gestational-age pregnancies (<10th centile), and those that were terminated before 20 weeks were excluded. In this cohort, pregnancies delivered at term had at least four ultrasound scans performed. The first scans were performed before 14 weeks of gestation and were regarded as dating scans. Abdominal circumference measurements were retrieved from the ultrasound reports. The z-scores for abdominal circumferences, according to the gestational age, were calculated. The gestations when the ultrasound scans were performed were stratified at four weekly intervals beginning at 18 weeks and continuing through the rest of the study. Majority of these diabetic pregnancies had ultrasound scans performed at 18, 28, 32, and 36 weeks. The abdominal circumference z-scores for pregnancies with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) babies (>90th centile for gestation) were compared with babies with normal birth weights. RESULTS A total of 101 diabetic pregnancies were included. Diabetic mothers, who had LGA babies, had significantly higher prepregnancy body weight and BMI (P < 0.05). There were no differences in maternal age or parity among the two groups. There were also no differences in the first-, second-, and third-trimester HbA(1c) levels between the two groups. The abdominal circumference z-scores were significantly higher for LGA babies from 18 weeks and thereafter. The differences increased progressively as the gestation advanced. Maximum difference was noted in the third trimester (30-38 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Fetal growth acceleration in LGA fetuses of diabetic mothers starts in the second trimester, from as early as 18 weeks. In this study, glucose control did not appear to have a direct effect on the incidence of LGA babies, and such observation might result from the effects of other confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shell Fean Wong
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Mater Mothers' Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Abstract
We report on spectra obtained by measuring the laser intensity noise after a broad-bandwidth diode-laser beam passes through a rubidium vapor cell. The atomic resonance converts laser frequency fluctuations into intensity fluctuations. We compare our experimental spectra with numerically calculated spectra based on a phase-diffusion model of the laser field and find good agreement.
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McIntyre DH, Fairbank WM, Lee SA, Hänsch TW, Riis E. Interferometric frequency measurement of 130Te2 reference transitions at 486 nm. Phys Rev A 1990; 41:4632-4635. [PMID: 9903680 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.41.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Hemmerich A, McIntyre DH, Zimmermann C, Hänsch TW. Second-harmonic generation and optical stabilization of a diode laser in an external ring resonator. Opt Lett 1990; 15:372-374. [PMID: 19767947 DOI: 10.1364/ol.15.000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The second harmonic of the 842-nm output of a GaAlAs diode laser is generated in a KNbO(3) crystal in a resonant, external ring cavity. The diode laser is optically stabilized to the ring cavity through feedback from the counterpropagating fundamental wave, which is weakly excited in the resonator. We have produced 6.7 mW of tunable, narrowband radiation at 421 nm and have used that light to perform saturation spectroscopy on narrow transitions in rubidium.
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McIntyre DH, Beausoleil RG, Foot CJ, Hildum EA, Couillaud B, Hänsch TW. Continuous-wave measurement of the hydrogen 1S-2S transition frequency. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1989; 39:4591-4598. [PMID: 9901809 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.39.4591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Beausoleil RG, McIntyre DH, Foot CJ, Hildum EA, Couillaud B, Hänsch TW. Continuous-wave measurement of the 1S Lamb shift in atomic hydrogen. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1987; 35:4878-4881. [PMID: 9898107 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.35.4878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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McIntyre DH, Hansch TW. Absolute calibration of the 130Te2 reference line for positronium 1 3S1-2 3S1 spectroscopy. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1986; 34:4504-4507. [PMID: 9897823 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.34.4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Hildum EA, Boesl U, McIntyre DH, Beausoleil RG, Hansch TW. Measurement of the 1S-2S frequency in atomic hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 56:576-579. [PMID: 10033230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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McIntyre DH. GENERAL ANAESTHESIA FOR TONSILLECTOMY. Can Med Assoc J 1946; 55:39-41. [PMID: 20323836 PMCID: PMC1582873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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