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Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Davies JA, Beuve A, Brouckaert P, Bryant C, Burnett JC, Farndale RW, Friebe A, Garthwaite J, Hobbs AJ, Jarvis GE, Koesling D, Kuhn M, MacEwan D, Monie TP, Potter LR, Russwurm M, Schmidt HHHW, Stasch JP, Waldman SA. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Catalytic receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180 Suppl 2:S241-S288. [PMID: 38123155 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and nearly 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16180. Catalytic receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alistair A Mathie
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jane F Armstrong
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Simon D Harding
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Annie Beuve
- New Jersey Medical School at Rutgers, New Jersey, USA
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Alexander SP, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Mathie A, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Southan C, Davies JA, Beuve A, Brouckaert P, Bryant C, Burnett JC, Farndale RW, Friebe A, Garthwaite J, Hobbs AJ, Jarvis GE, Kuhn M, MacEwan D, Monie TP, Papapetropoulos A, Potter LR, Schmidt HHHW, Szabo C, Waldman SA. THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: Catalytic receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178 Suppl 1:S264-S312. [PMID: 34529829 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15541. Catalytic receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ph Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jane F Armstrong
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Simon D Harding
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Christopher Southan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | | | | | | | - John C Burnett
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Csaba Szabo
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
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Poh J, Ponsford AH, Boyd J, Woodsmith J, Stelzl U, Wanker E, Harper N, MacEwan D, Sanderson CM. A functionally defined high-density NRF2 interactome reveals new conditional regulators of ARE transactivation. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101686. [PMID: 32911434 PMCID: PMC7490560 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NRF2 (NFE2L2) is a cytoprotective transcription factor associated with >60 human diseases, adverse drug reactions and therapeutic resistance. To provide insight into the complex regulation of NRF2 responses, 1962 predicted NRF2-partner interactions were systematically tested to generate an experimentally defined high-density human NRF2 interactome. Verification and conditional stratification of 46 new NRF2 partners was achieved by co-immunoprecipitation and the novel integration of quantitative data from dual luminescence-based co-immunoprecipitation (DULIP) assays and live-cell fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS). The functional impact of new partners was then assessed in genetically edited loss-of-function (NRF2-/-) and disease-related gain-of-function (NRF2T80K and KEAP1-/-) cell-lines. Of the new partners investigated >77% (17/22) modified NRF2 responses, including partners that only exhibited effects under disease-related conditions. This experimentally defined binary NRF2 interactome provides a new vision of the complex molecular networks that govern the modulation and consequence of NRF2 activity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Poh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy H Ponsford
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - James Boyd
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan Woodsmith
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Erich Wanker
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Nicholas Harper
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - David MacEwan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
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Rehan T, MacEwan D, Shah N, Rehan T, Tahira R, Murad S, Anees M, Murtaza I, Farman M, Abid OUR, Sultan A. Apoptosis of Leukemia Cells by Ocimum basilicum Fractions Following TNF alpha Induced Activation of JNK and Caspase 3. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3681-3691. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191011100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose:
Leukemia, one of the major cancers, affects a large proportion of people around the world.
Better treatment options for leukemia are required due to a large number of side effects associated with current
therapeutic regimens. In the present study, we sought to determine the pathway of triggering apoptosis of leukemic
cells by Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) plant extract.
Materials/Methods:
Methanolic extract of the O. basilicum plant material was prepared. The crude extract was
fractionated into several fractions through column chromatography using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as eluting
solvents. Cell viability of leukemic cells was assessed via Cell titer GLO assay and apoptosis was measured
through Annexin V/PI staining. Two apoptotic molecules JNK and caspases were analyzed through western blotting
while pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, CCL2 and CXCL8 using qPCR. Fractions were characterized
through LC-MS.
Results:
The most potent with lowest IC50 values among the fractions were BF2 (2:8 n-hexane:ethyl acetate) and
BF3 (3:7 n-hexane:ethyl acetate). Cytotoxicity was associated with apoptosis. Apoptosis was found caspasedependent
and P-JNK activation was detected sustained. A significant increase in the level of TNF α and a decrease
in the level of CXCL8 were observed in BF2 and BF3 treated cells.
Conclusion:
The fractions of O. basilicum extract were found to kill cells following JNK pathway activation.
Excellent results were obtained with BF2 and BF3 probably due to predominant Epicatechin and Cinnamic acid
derivatives in these fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touseef Rehan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - David MacEwan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tabassum Rehan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Tahira
- Plant Genetic Resources Program, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheeba Murad
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam Anees
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Linley A, Kalakonda N, MacEwan D, Prior I, Slupsky J. PF370 SIGNAL-OMICS ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THERAPY ON BCR SIGNALLING IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA. Hemasphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000559692.06651.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, McGrath JC, Catterall WA, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ, Abul-Hasn N, Anderson CM, Anderson CMH, Araiksinen MS, Arita M, Arthofer E, Barker EL, Barratt C, Barnes NM, Bathgate R, Beart PM, Belelli D, Bennett AJ, Birdsall NJM, Boison D, Bonner TI, Brailsford L, Bröer S, Brown P, Calo G, Carter WG, Catterall WA, Chan SLF, Chao MV, Chiang N, Christopoulos A, Chun JJ, Cidlowski J, Clapham DE, Cockcroft S, Connor MA, Cox HM, Cuthbert A, Dautzenberg FM, Davenport AP, Dawson PA, Dent G, Dijksterhuis JP, Dollery CT, Dolphin AC, Donowitz M, Dubocovich ML, Eiden L, Eidne K, Evans BA, Fabbro D, Fahlke C, Farndale R, Fitzgerald GA, Fong TM, Fowler CJ, Fry JR, Funk CD, Futerman AH, Ganapathy V, Gaisnier B, Gershengorn MA, Goldin A, Goldman ID, Gundlach AL, Hagenbuch B, Hales TG, Hammond JR, Hamon M, Hancox JC, Hauger RL, Hay DL, Hobbs AJ, Hollenberg MD, Holliday ND, Hoyer D, Hynes NA, Inui KI, Ishii S, Jacobson KA, Jarvis GE, Jarvis MF, Jensen R, Jones CE, Jones RL, Kaibuchi K, Kanai Y, Kennedy C, Kerr ID, Khan AA, Klienz MJ, Kukkonen JP, Lapoint JY, Leurs R, Lingueglia E, Lippiat J, Lolait SJ, Lummis SCR, Lynch JW, MacEwan D, Maguire JJ, Marshall IL, May JM, McArdle CA, McGrath JC, Michel MC, Millar NS, Miller LJ, Mitolo V, Monk PN, Moore PK, Moorhouse AJ, Mouillac B, Murphy PM, Neubig RR, Neumaier J, Niesler B, Obaidat A, Offermanns S, Ohlstein E, Panaro MA, Parsons S, Pwrtwee RG, Petersen J, Pin JP, Poyner DR, Prigent S, Prossnitz ER, Pyne NJ, Pyne S, Quigley JG, Ramachandran R, Richelson EL, Roberts RE, Roskoski R, Ross RA, Roth M, Rudnick G, Ryan RM, Said SI, Schild L, Sanger GJ, Scholich K, Schousboe A, Schulte G, Schulz S, Serhan CN, Sexton PM, Sibley DR, Siegel JM, Singh G, Sitsapesan R, Smart TG, Smith DM, Soga T, Stahl A, Stewart G, Stoddart LA, Summers RJ, Thorens B, Thwaites DT, Toll L, Traynor JR, Usdin TB, Vandenberg RJ, Villalon C, Vore M, Waldman SA, Ward DT, Willars GB, Wonnacott SJ, Wright E, Ye RD, Yonezawa A, Zimmermann M. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: overview. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1449-58. [PMID: 24528237 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties from the IUPHAR database. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. This compilation of the major pharmacological targets is divided into seven areas of focus: G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors & Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and GRAC and provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Milligan G, Mullaney I, Kim GD, MacEwan D. Regulation of the stoichiometry of protein components of the stimulatory adenylyl cyclase cascade. Adv Pharmacol 1997; 42:462-5. [PMID: 9327939 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Milligan
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Glasgow, Scotland
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Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES We assessed the contribution of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to diagnostic and therapeutic decision making. METHODS In a before-after observational study, we collected information from clinicians before and after patients were given MR examinations. We studied 406 cases selected from consecutive referrals to a single MR imaging facility in Manitoba between November 1, 1991, and October 30, 1992, for diagnosis of suspected brain, spinal column, or large-joint disorder. We examined changes in diagnoses, changes in clinician diagnostic confidence, and changes in therapeutic intentions after MR examinations. RESULTS Overall, MR imaging findings contributed to a change in referring physicians' diagnoses or diagnostic confidence in 76% of the cases. Referring physicians reported a change in provisional diagnosis in 42% of the cases. In 67% of these cases, the referring physician's provisional diagnosis was ruled out by normal examination findings; in the remaining 33% of the cases, an alternate diagnosis was offered by the consulting radiologist. In the 58% of the cases in which the provisional diagnosis was not altered by MR imaging findings, clinical confidence in the provisional diagnosis increased in 46% of the cases and decreased in 12% of the cases. Management plans were reported to be altered in 54% of the cases; in 24% of the cases, therapeutic intentions changed from lower to higher levels of intervention. CONCLUSION Although MR imaging had a substantial influence on clinicians' decisions concerning diagnoses, the influence of MR imaging findings on therapeutic decision making, and therefore on patients' health status, was more moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Mustard
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Abstract
Two subtypes of receptors for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) are known to stimulate inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate production, the 5-HT1c and 5-HT2 receptors. In this study we investigated the ability of 5-HT1c receptors, transiently expressed in COS 7 cells, to functionally interact with protein kinase C-alpha, the indigenous (phorbol ester-responsive) isoform of the enzyme in those cells. Serotonin caused translocation of the [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) binding site of PKC-alpha from the cytosolic to the membrane fraction in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner which was prevented by the 5-HT1c receptor antagonist mianserin. The lipid activators of PKC, PDBu and 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DOG) also caused translocation, but through a mechanism apparently quite independent of Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lutz
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, University Department of Pharmacology, Edinburgh, UK
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Mitchell R, MacEwan D, Johnson M, Dougan L, Bladon C. Biological activity of some thyrotrophin-releasing hormone analogues substituted at the 2 position. Biochem Soc Trans 1990; 18:433-4. [PMID: 2115462 DOI: 10.1042/bst0180433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Mitchell
- M.R.C. Brain Metabolism Unit, University Department of Pharmacology, Edinburgh, U.K
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Affiliation(s)
- D MacEwan
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, University Department of Pharmacology, Edinburgh, U.K
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