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Marković S, Lazić V, Arsić D, Nikolić RR, Ivković D, Ulewicz R, Bokuvka O. Analysis of Filler Metals Influence on Quality of Hard-Faced Surfaces of Gears Based on Tests in Experimental and Operating Conditions. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15217795. [PMID: 36363386 PMCID: PMC9653893 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hard-facing as a type of the coating depositing is increasingly used today. Physical-chemical-metallurgical characteristics of contact layers in tribo-mechanical systems depend on the operating conditions and the conditions under which the work surfaces were created. That is the reason the influence of the processing procedures and regime, used in the contact surfaces formation, on development of the wear process of contact elements, is being considered ever more. To determine the influence of the hard-facing technology on characteristics of the gears' working surfaces, the experimental investigations were performed on samples hard-faced on the steel for cementation, by varying the filler metals (FM) and the hard-facing regimes. The samples tested were hard-faced by five "hard" and three "soft" filler metals. Experimental investigations included measuring the hard-faced layers' hardness and determination of their microstructure, as well as the wear resistance in the laboratory conditions, on tribometer and on a specially designed device for tests in the real operating conditions of gears. The wear intensity was monitored by the wear trace's width in the laboratory conditions and by the share of the teeth surfaces affected by the destructive pitting in the operating conditions. The results obtained were compared to results of the base metal (BM) tests, which provided the certain conclusions on which filler metal and which welding procedure are the optimal ones for regeneration of the worn teeth surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetislav Marković
- Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, University of Kragujevac, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
| | - Vukić Lazić
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dušan Arsić
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ružica R. Nikolić
- Research Centre, University of Žilina, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-948-610520
| | - Djordje Ivković
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Robert Ulewicz
- Department of Production Engineering and Safety, University of Technology, 42201 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Otakar Bokuvka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
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Arsić D, Lazić V, Nikolić RR, Sczygiol N, Krstić B, Ivković D, Hadzima B, Pastorek F, Ulewicz R. Weldability Assessment of Various Steels by Hard-Facing. Materials 2022; 15:ma15093082. [PMID: 35591418 PMCID: PMC9102784 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two aspects of various steels’ weldability are considered in this article. The theoretical part presents general concepts related to steel’s weldability and the application of the most important methods for its determination. In the experimental section, results of the hard-facing application to several samples are presented, and consist of hardness measurements in the different zones of the welded samples, with the evaluation of those zones’ microstructures. The tested materials included two carbon steels and two alloyed steels, with hard-facing layers deposited by various filler metals. Experimental results were compared to results obtained by calculations; using both, authors were able to conclude which combination of filler metal, welding procedure and, if necessary, heat treatment, would achieve the optimal improvement of weldability in welding/hard-facing of each of the tested base metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Arsić
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.A.); (V.L.); (B.K.); (D.I.)
| | - Vukić Lazić
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.A.); (V.L.); (B.K.); (D.I.)
| | - Ružica R. Nikolić
- Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (B.H.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Norbert Sczygiol
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42201 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Božidar Krstić
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.A.); (V.L.); (B.K.); (D.I.)
| | - Djordje Ivković
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.A.); (V.L.); (B.K.); (D.I.)
| | - Branislav Hadzima
- Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (B.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Filip Pastorek
- Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (B.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Robert Ulewicz
- Department of Production Engineering and Safety, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42201 Czestochowa, Poland;
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Peco-Antić A, Popović-Rolović M, Kostić M, Kruscić D, Jovanović O, Ivković D. [Emergencies in arterial hypertension in children]. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 1993; 121:149-51. [PMID: 7725159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
From March 1982 to March 1992 at the Nephrology Department of Belgrade University Children's Hospital 25 patients (16 females and 9 males, aged from 1.5 to 14 years) were treated for hypertensive emergency. Twenty patients had chronic severe hypertension of whom in 19 it was of renal origin. Five patients had acute hypertension during acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. In 15 patients hypertensive emergency was manifested by neurologic disorders, while in the other patients signs of cardiac failure prevailed. Deterioration of renal function was observed in 9 patients and 2 had sec. haemolytic-uremic syndrome. Three patients died during hypertensive crisis, and the others were successfully treated. The fact that in 50% of patients chronic hypertension could not be revealed until the occurrence of hypertensive emergency, suggests the need of its early detection during systemic check-up.
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