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The adhesin SCF1 mediates Candida auris colonization. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:4-5. [PMID: 37951769 PMCID: PMC10872899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging human fungal pathogen that can rapidly spread and cause outbreaks of invasive infections. Santana et al. discovered that a novel surface colonization factor (SCF1), and a conserved adhesin, Iff4109, mediates C. auris colonization on abiotic surfaces, skin, and virulence in vivo.
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Tools and techniques to identify, study, and control Candida auris. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011698. [PMID: 37856418 PMCID: PMC10586630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris, is an emerging fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in humans. Unlike many other Candida species that colonize the intestine, C. auris most efficiently colonizes the skin. Such colonization contaminates the patient's environment and can result in rapid nosocomial transmission. In addition, this transmission can lead to outbreaks of systemic infections that have mortality rates between 40% and 60%. C. auris isolates resistant to all known classes of antifungals have been identified and as such, understanding the underlying biochemical mechanisms of how skin colonization initiates and progresses is critical to developing better therapeutic options. With this review, we briefly summarize what is known about horizontal transmission and current tools used to identify, understand, and control C. auris infections.
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C. albicans UME7 deletion does not have major impacts on white opaque switching, filamentation, or virulence. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000826. [PMID: 37303958 PMCID: PMC10251200 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
C. albicans is the most prevalent human fungal pathogen, and can be especially dangerous to immunocompromised individuals. One key aspect of C. albicans virulence is morphological plasticity. C. albicans can undergo a number of distinct morphological changes and these changes are controlled by complex transcriptional networks. The transcription factor Ume6 is an important member of these networks, playing an essential role mediating filamentation. C. albicans , however encodes a second UME6 homolog, UME7 . UME7 is highly conserved in the CTG fungal clade, but the role of UME7 in C. albicans biology is unknown. Here we truncate and delete C. albicans UME7 . We find Ume7 is dispensable for growth and filamentation. We also find that deletion does not have major consequences on virulence or white opaque switching. Our results suggest that under standard laboratory conditions deletion of UME7 does not have large effects on C. albicans phenotype leaving its role in C. albicans biology undefined.
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Characterization of the role of Ume6 C-terminal tail in C. albicans morphological plasticity. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000827. [PMID: 37303960 PMCID: PMC10251201 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
C. albicans is an important human fungal pathogen and filamentation is essential for its virulence. Ume6 is a transcription factor critical for filamentation. Ume6 is composed of three domains, a long N terminal domain, Zn-finger domain, and a C-terminal domain. Previously, it was shown that the Zn-finger domain is essential for filamentation, as removal of this domain led to a lack of filamentation. However, the role for the C-terminal domain has not been defined. We find deletion of the C-terminal domain leads to a filamentation defect and the defect is not as severe as removal of the Zn-finger or ume6 deletion. We mutated a number of residues in the C-terminal domain to try to identify specific residues important for filamentation, but all of our mutants displayed wild type filamentation. Alpha fold predictions suggest the C-terminal domain forms a single alpha helix that is predicted to interact with the Zn-finger domain via hydrogen bond. Our data suggests the C-terminal domain binds the Zn-finger domain and through this interaction is important for filamentation.
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Rhinitis associated with asthma is distinct from rhinitis alone: The ARIA-MeDALL hypothesis. Allergy 2023; 78:1169-1203. [PMID: 36799120 DOI: 10.1111/all.15679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are interrelated clinical phenotypes that partly overlap in the human interactome. The concept of "one-airway-one-disease", coined over 20 years ago, is a simplistic approach of the links between upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases. With new data, it is time to reassess the concept. This article reviews (i) the clinical observations that led to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), (ii) new insights into polysensitisation and multimorbidity, (iii) advances in mHealth for novel phenotype definition, (iv) confirmation in canonical epidemiologic studies, (v) genomic findings, (vi) treatment approaches and (vii) novel concepts on the onset of rhinitis and multimorbidity. One recent concept, bringing together upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases with skin, gut and neuropsychiatric multimorbidities, is the "Epithelial Barrier Hypothesis". This review determined that the "one-airway-one-disease" concept does not always hold true and that several phenotypes of disease can be defined. These phenotypes include an extreme "allergic" (asthma) phenotype combining asthma, rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Rhinitis alone and rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity represent two distinct diseases with the following differences: (i) genomic and transcriptomic background (Toll-Like Receptors and IL-17 for rhinitis alone as a local disease; IL-33 and IL-5 for allergic and non-allergic multimorbidity as a systemic disease), (ii) allergen sensitisation patterns (mono- or pauci-sensitisation versus polysensitisation), (iii) severity of symptoms and (iv) treatment response. In conclusion, rhinitis alone (local disease) and rhinitis with asthma multimorbidity (systemic disease) should be considered as two distinct diseases, possibly modulated by the microbiome, and may be a model for understanding the epidemics of chronic and auto-immune diseases.
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A Review of the Metrics Used to Assess Auto-Contouring Systems in Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:354-369. [PMID: 36803407 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Auto-contouring could revolutionise future planning of radiotherapy treatment. The lack of consensus on how to assess and validate auto-contouring systems currently limits clinical use. This review formally quantifies the assessment metrics used in studies published during one calendar year and assesses the need for standardised practice. A PubMed literature search was undertaken for papers evaluating radiotherapy auto-contouring published during 2021. Papers were assessed for types of metric and the methodology used to generate ground-truth comparators. Our PubMed search identified 212 studies, of which 117 met the criteria for clinical review. Geometric assessment metrics were used in 116 of 117 studies (99.1%). This includes the Dice Similarity Coefficient used in 113 (96.6%) studies. Clinically relevant metrics, such as qualitative, dosimetric and time-saving metrics, were less frequently used in 22 (18.8%), 27 (23.1%) and 18 (15.4%) of 117 studies, respectively. There was heterogeneity within each category of metric. Over 90 different names for geometric measures were used. Methods for qualitative assessment were different in all but two papers. Variation existed in the methods used to generate radiotherapy plans for dosimetric assessment. Consideration of editing time was only given in 11 (9.4%) papers. A single manual contour as a ground-truth comparator was used in 65 (55.6%) studies. Only 31 (26.5%) studies compared auto-contours to usual inter- and/or intra-observer variation. In conclusion, significant variation exists in how research papers currently assess the accuracy of automatically generated contours. Geometric measures are the most popular, however their clinical utility is unknown. There is heterogeneity in the methods used to perform clinical assessment. Considering the different stages of system implementation may provide a framework to decide the most appropriate metrics. This analysis supports the need for a consensus on the clinical implementation of auto-contouring.
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METHOTREXATE TREATMENT FOR SEVERE ATOPIC DERMATITIS PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS ASSOCIATED WITH DUPILUMAB. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Decreasing albumin within normal range is associated with increased likelihood of ischemic heart disease. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Albumin (ALB) is a known biomarker of frailty, and cardiovascular disease and frailty are interdependent. Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that low serum albumin levels are linked to events of ischemic heart disease (IHD), venous thromboembolism, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke.
Purpose
We aimed to investigate the association of variations in ALB levels that are within normal range with IHD events among apparently healthy adults.
Methods
A case-control retrospective study of self-referred adults participating in an executive screening program between 2002 and 2017. All subjects were free of IHD and diabetes at baseline and had their ALB documented in each visit. Only subjects with at least two ALB measurements and whose ALB levels were within the normal range at all visits were included. Relationships between ALB trend and occurrence of IHD (acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention) within 2 years from the last visit were investigated.
Results
The final study cohort included 16,386 subjects. Median age was 53 (IQR 45–60), 11,461 (70%) were men. Analysis included a total of 99,127 visits. Median number of visits per subject was 5 (IQR 3–9, median inter-visit time 1.02 years) and median ALB level was 4.4 (IQR 4.2–4.6). IHD within 2 years was diagnosed in 545 (3%) subjects. Of those, only 36 were female and they tended to have lower variations in ALB throughout the years. Hence, we conducted an analysis of the 509 males only, and created an equal-size age-matched cohort of IHD-free subjects. Our analysis demonstrated a progressive and significant decrease in ALB levels among IHD cases, but not among controls (mean decrease of 0.021 g/DL vs. 0.004 g/DL per year, p<0.01; OR [CI] = 0.82 [0.72–0.93]; Figure 1). Similar results were found among subjects with at least 3 or 4 visits (0.015 g/DL vs. 0.006 g/DL per year, p=0.027, and 0.009 g/DL vs. 0.003 g/DL per year, p=0.045, respectively).
Conclusions
Kinetics of ALB within the normal range can identify men at risk for IHD in preventive healthcare screening programs.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Memory B Cell Deficiency and Disseminated Nocardiosis in a Pediatric Patient with Congenital Single Ventricle Physiology and Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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P030 SIMILAR EFFICACY AND SAFETY BETWEEN ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS RECEIVING HOUSE DUST MITE SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY TABLET. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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P031 SIMILARITIES IN EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY TABLETS ACROSS GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS IN CLINICAL TRIALS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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1473 Urology Consent Forms at a District General Hospital – a Quality Improvement Project. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Consent is a core component of interaction between patients and healthcare professionals. Prior to surgery, forms are completed to record patient consent. As well as containing risks and benefits of the procedure, the consent form, as per guidelines1,2, must be legible and suitable to a patient’s capacity. To evaluate compliance with local and national guidelines, a quality improvement project was undertaken at a district general hospital.
Method
Over a three-week period 30 urology consent forms were selected to assess adherence to local and national guidelines. The appropriateness of consent form, patient signature, legibility, acronym use and whether the patient was offered a carbon copy were assessed. After initial data collection, all urology staff consenting patients were notified of the findings and how best to improve guideline adherence. A further three-week data collection was undertaken, though the sample set was small due to Coronavirus and Christmas.
Results
The results confirmed that patients had appropriate consent forms filled out and were signed appropriately. After intervention, there was clear improvement in legibility, with no low legibility consent forms, and 100% vs 83% high or moderate legibility between data sets. Intervention also resulted in significant reduction of acronym use; 33% vs 60%. More patients were also offered to retain a carbon copy; 89% vs 40%.
Conclusions
Through this intervention of highlighting local and national guidance as compared to current practice, compliance drastically improved. As the pandemic subsides, we hope regular emails to surgical teams will improve consent form completion to better patient care.
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Cholestatic liver injury in COVID-19 is a rare and distinct entity and is associated with increased mortality. J Intern Med 2021; 290:470-472. [PMID: 33786906 PMCID: PMC8250628 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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An Inter-observer Study to Determine Radiotherapy Planning Target Volumes for Recurrent Gynaecological Cancer Comparing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Only With Computed Tomography-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:307-313. [PMID: 33640196 PMCID: PMC8051139 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Target delineation uncertainty is arguably the largest source of geometric uncertainty in radiotherapy. Several factors can affect it, including the imaging modality used for delineation. It is accounted for by applying safety margins to the target to produce a planning target volume (PTV), to which treatments are designed. To determine the margin, the delineation uncertainty is measured as the delineation error, and then a margin recipe used. However, there is no published evidence of such analysis for recurrent gynaecological cancers (RGC). The aims of this study were first to quantify the delineation uncertainty for RGC gross tumour volumes (GTVs) and to calculate the associated PTV margins and then to quantify the difference in GTV, delineation uncertainty and PTV margin, between a computed tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (CT-MRI) and MRI workflow. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven clinicians delineated the GTV for 20 RGC tumours on co-registered CT and MRI datasets (CT-MRI) and on MRI alone. The delineation error, the standard deviation of distances from each clinician's outline to a reference, was measured and the required PTV margin determined. Differences between using CT-MRI and MRI alone were assessed. RESULTS The overall delineation error and the resulting margin were 3.1 mm and 8.5 mm, respectively, for CT-MRI, reducing to 2.5 mm and 7.1 mm, respectively, for MRI alone. Delineation errors and therefore the theoretical margins, varied widely between patients. MRI tumour volumes were on average 15% smaller than CT-MRI tumour volumes. DISCUSSION This study is the first to quantify delineation error for RGC tumours and to calculate the corresponding PTV margin. The determined margins were larger than those reported in the literature for similar patients, bringing into question both current margins and margin calculation methods. The wide variation in delineation error between these patients suggests that applying a single population-based margin may result in PTVs that are suboptimal for many. Finally, the reduced tumour volumes and safety margins suggest that patients with RGC may benefit from an MRI-only treatment workflow.
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Waitlist Mortality in US Children Listed for Heart Transplant - Where are We Now? J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Impact of High- vs. Low-Frequency Surveillance Endomyocardial Biopsy Strategy in Pediatric Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Outcomes of Heart and Combined Heart-Liver Transplant in Pediatric Fontan Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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P459 SKIN PRICK TEST AND SPECIFIC IGE SENSITIVITY ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC SUBGROUPS AND GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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P450 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RAGWEED SLIT-TABLET FROM A LARGE TRIAL IN CHILDREN WITH ALLERGIC. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Comment on “Psychology Curricula for Non-Psychologists? A Framework Recommended by the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations’ Board of Educational Affairs” Dutke et al., 2019. PSYCHOLOGY LEARNING AND TEACHING-PLAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1475725718817122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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SAFETY OF FIRST DOSE OF SQ HOUSE DUST MITE SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY TABLET IN CLINICAL TRIALS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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In-vivo EPID dosimetry for IMRT and VMAT based on through-air predicted portal dose algorithm. Phys Med 2018; 52:143-153. [PMID: 30139603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have adapted the methodology of Berry et al. (2012) for Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) treatments at a fixed source to imager distance (SID) based on the manufacturer's through-air portal dose image prediction algorithm. In order to fix the SID a correction factor was introduced to account for the change in air gap between patient and imager. Commissioning data, collected with multiple field sizes, solid water thicknesses and air gaps, were acquired at 150 cm SID on the Varian aS1200 EPID. The method was verified using six IMRT and seven VMAT plans on up to three different phantoms. The method's sensitivity and accuracy were investigated by introducing errors. A global 3%/3 mm gamma was used to assess the differences between the predicted and measured portal dose images. The effect of a varying air gap on EPID signal was found to be significant - varying by up to 30% with field size, phantom thickness, and air gap. All IMRT plans passed the 3%/3 mm gamma criteria by more than 95% on the three phantoms. 23 of 24 arcs from the VMAT plans passed the 3%/3 mm gamma criteria by more than 95%. This method was found to be sensitive to a range of potential errors. The presented approach provides fast and accurate in-vivo EPID dosimetry for IMRT and VMAT treatments and can potentially replace many pre-treatment verifications.
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P5441Aortic valve phenotype associated with filamin-A mutations: a comprehensive echocardiographic and outcomes analyses. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Correction. Ann Emerg Med 2017; 70:758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Correction. Ann Emerg Med 2017; 70:758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The Influence of Race and Common Genetic Variations on Outcomes After Pediatric Heart Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:1525-1539. [PMID: 27931092 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Significant racial disparity remains in the incidence of unfavorable outcomes following heart transplantation. We sought to determine which pediatric posttransplantation outcomes differ by race and whether these can be explained by recipient demographic, clinical, and genetic attributes. Data were collected for 80 black and 450 nonblack pediatric recipients transplanted at 1 of 6 centers between 1993 and 2008. Genotyping was performed for 20 candidate genes. Average follow-up was 6.25 years. Unadjusted 5-year rates for death (p = 0.001), graft loss (p = 0.015), acute rejection with severe hemodynamic compromise (p = 0.001), late rejection (p = 0.005), and late rejection with hemodynamic compromise (p = 0.004) were significantly higher among blacks compared with nonblacks. Black recipients were more likely to be older at the time of transplantation (p < 0.001), suffer from cardiomyopathy (p = 0.004), and have public insurance (p < 0.001), and were less likely to undergo induction therapy (p = 0.0039). In multivariate regression models adjusting for age, sex, cardiac diagnosis, insurance status, and genetic variations, black race remained a significant risk factor for all the above outcomes. These clinical and genetic variables explained only 8-19% of the excess risk observed for black recipients. We have confirmed racial differences in survival, graft loss, and several rejection outcomes following heart transplantation in children, which could not be fully explained by differences in recipient attributes.
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EP-1715: Differences in delineation uncertainty using MR images only vs CT-MR in recurrent gynaecological GTV. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)32247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Avoidance of a C1q Positive Crossmatch Prevents Both Early and Late Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Outcomes of US Patients with Marfans Syndrome Listed for Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Thalidomide Treatment Prevents Transplant Vasculopathy in Rats. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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P064 The ACAAI/AAAAI allergen immunotherapy (AIT) safety surveillance study: Year 6 (2013-2014). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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SU-C-BRB-04: Delineation Uncertainty Maps: Proof of Concept Study for Recurrent Gynaecological Cancers. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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The End-of-Life Experience in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Poverty Is an Independent Socioeconomic Risk Factor for Death Following Pediatric Heart Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Circulating Cell-Free DNA as a Non-Invasive Marker of Pediatric Heart Transplant Rejection and Immunosuppressive Treatment. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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PO-0858: Development of dysphagia optimised IMRT for head and neck cancer treatment in the DARS trial. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)32108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Thalidomide Treatment Prevents Chronic Graft Rejection after Transplantation in Rats. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Does the OPTN cPRA Calculator Accurately Predict HLA Antigen Frequencies in Pediatric Donors? J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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2015 SPCTPD/ACC/AAP/AHA Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs (Revision of the 2005 Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs). J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:S0735-1097(15)00809-8. [PMID: 25777637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Safety of sublingual immunotherapy Timothy grass tablet in subjects with allergic rhinitis with or without conjunctivitis and history of asthma. Allergy 2015; 70:302-9. [PMID: 25495666 DOI: 10.1111/all.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with asthma may be more susceptible to adverse events (AEs) with sublingual immunotherapy tablet (SLIT-tablet) treatment, such as severe systemic reactions and asthma-related events. Using data from eight trials of grass SLIT-tablet in subjects with allergic rhinitis with/without conjunctivitis (AR/C), AE frequencies were determined in adults and children with and without reported asthma. METHODS Data from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of Timothy grass SLIT-tablet MK-7243 (2800 BAU/75 000 SQ-T, Merck/ALK-Abelló) were pooled for post hoc analyses. Subjects with uncontrolled and severe asthma were excluded from the trials. Frequencies for treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs), local allergic swelling (mouth or throat), systemic allergic reactions, and asthma-related treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) were calculated. RESULTS Among adults (n = 3314) and children (n = 881), 24% and 31%, respectively, had reported asthma. No serious local allergic swellings or serious systemic allergic reactions occurred in subjects with asthma treated with SLIT-tablet. There was no evidence of increased TEAEs, systemic allergic reactions, or severe local allergic swellings in adults or children with asthma treated with grass SLIT-tablet versus subjects without asthma in or outside of pollen season. There were 6/120 asthma-related TRAEs assessed as severe with grass SLIT-tablet and 2/60 with placebo, without a consistent trend among subjects with and without asthma (5 and 3 events, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In the AR/C subjects with reported well-controlled mild asthma included in these studies, grass SLIT-tablet did not increase TEAE frequency, severe local allergic swelling, or systemic allergic reactions versus subjects without asthma. There was no indication that treatment led to acute asthma worsening.
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Bivalirudin use in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction. Insights from the prospective, multi-centre EUROVISION registry. ACUTE CARDIAC CARE 2014; 16:127-31. [PMID: 25101656 DOI: 10.3109/17482941.2014.944542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of bivalirudin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction has been tested in clinical trials, but its use in a real-world scenario has never been reported. METHODS From the total number of patients enrolled in the EUROVISION registry, 678 subjects affected by ST-elevation myocardial infarction were selected and included in the analysis. Posology and usage patterns of bivalirudin, as evaluated by dose and time of drug bolus and infusion administered, were evaluated. The 30-day outcome has been assessed by efficacy and safety endpoints. RESULTS All patients received an initial intravenous bolus of bivalirudin (0.70±0.25 mg/kg) followed by an infusion (1.58±0.47 mg/kg/h; duration: 60 [30, 107] min) in 99.3% of cases. An additional bolus (0.49±0.06 mg/kg) was administered in 9.3% of patients. Bivalirudin infusion was prolonged after procedure in 62.2%. Death occurred in 2.1% of patients, non-fatal myocardial reinfarction in 0.3%, unplanned revascularization in 0.6% and non-fatal stroke in 0.4%. Acute stent thrombosis was not observed. Major bleeding occurred in 1.5% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Bivalirudin usage in the setting of primary PCI provided excellent results in terms of 30-day outcome even in a real-world population.
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Quality of Life and Metrics of Achievement in Long-Term Adult Survivors of Pediatric Heart Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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PO-0937: Impact of quality assurance on contour conformity within two UK head & neck radiotherapy trials. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)33243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Optimized threshold for serum HCV RNA to predict treatment outcomes in hepatitis C patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin. J Viral Hepat 2012; 19:766-74. [PMID: 23043383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2012.01624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether the current threshold for 'high' hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level (800,000 IU/mL) is optimal for predicting sustained virological response (SVR). We retrospectively analysed pretreatment HCV RNA levels and SVR rates in 1529 mono-infected and 176 HIV-HCV co-infected patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kD) plus ribavirin. We improved the threshold for differentiating low and high viral load by fitting semiparametric generalized additive logistic regression models to the data and constructing receiver operating characteristics curves. Among HCV genotype 1 mono-infected patients, the difference in SVR rates between those with low and high baseline HCV RNA levels was 27% (70%vs 43%) when 400,000 IU/mL was used and 16% (59%vs 43%) when 800,000 IU/mL was used. In HIV-HCV genotype 1 co-infected patients, the difference was 51% (71%vs 20%) when 400,000 IU/mL was used and 43% (61%vs 18%) when 800,000 IU/mL was used. A lower threshold (200,000 IU/mL) was identified for genotype 1 mono-infected patients with 'normal' alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. No threshold could be identified in HCV genotype 2 or 3 patients. A threshold HCV RNA level of 400,000 IU/mL is optimal for differentiating high and low probability of SVR in genotype 1-infected individuals with elevated ALT.
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PO-0877 STREAMLINING UK IMRT CREDENTIALING: IMRT PLAN COMPLEXITY HIERARCHY. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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606 A Reduced Immunosuppressive Protocol in Highly Sensitized Pediatric Heart Transplant Patients with a C1q Negative Virtual Crossmatch. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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392 Complement Fixation by C1q vs MFI: Detection of Clinically Relevant Antibodies. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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139 Association between Renal Function and Genetic Polymorphisms in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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483 Lower Socioeconomic Status Predicts Poor Waitlist and Post-Heart Transplant Survival in Children. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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The effectiveness of schema focused therapy; Indirect, experimental measures of emotional change in forensic patients. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to recent literature, 50 to 90 percent of criminal offenders have personality disorders (PDs), with cluster B PDs being the most prevalent in forensic settings. The latter type of PD is associated with an increased risk of violence and recidivism. Among forensic patients with a cluster B diagnosis, psychopathic offenders are at particularly high risk for re-offending. Psychopaths are believed to be untreatable, but evidence for this view is weak.The current study aims at determining the effectiveness of Schema Focused Therapy (SFT) versus ‘treatment as usual’ in male forensic patients (including psychopaths) with Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, and Paranoid PDs, within a 3-year multi-center randomized clinical trial. SFT is an integrative form of psychotherapy combining cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic object relations, and humanistic/existential approaches, and was developed as a treatment for PDs and other longstanding problems. SFT aims at changing early maladaptive schema modes, thereby producing changes on a structural, emotional level.The goal of a second study that runs within the same project is to objectively determine the nature of the emotional deficiencies that are thought to be central to psychopathy. By administering forensic patients an extensive test battery that assesses various affective capacities (e.g., moral emotion, emotional expressive behavior, cognitive and emotional empathy), we aim at constructing an integrative picture of psychopaths’ emotional functioning. Within the SFT effectiveness study, patients are tested twice (with a one year interval), to see whether these affective capacities are subject to change in the context of therapy.
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