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Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about rates of alcohol consumption in career firefighters. AIMS To assess the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption among career firefighters and the covariates that influence consumption levels. METHODS A convenience sample of career firefighters completed an online, self-administered, health assessment survey. Hierarchical binary logistic regression assessed the ability of several covariates to predict binge drinking status. RESULTS The majority of the sample (n = 160) consumed alcohol (89%), with approximately one-third (34%) having a drinking binge in the past 30 days. The regression model explained 13-18% of the variance in binge drinking status and correctly classified 71% of cases. Race (P < 0.05) and time of service (P < 0.01) were the only covariates that made a statistically significant contribution to the model. After controlling for other factors in the model, white respondents were ~4.5 times more likely to binge drink than non-white respondents (95% CI: 1.15-17.4). For each additional year of service, firefighters were 1.08 times less likely to binge drink (95% CI: 0.87-0.97). CONCLUSIONS Drinking levels observed in this study exceed those of the general adult population, including college students. Thus, it appears that firefighters represent an at-risk drinking group. Further investigations addressing reasons for alcohol use and abuse among firefighters are warranted. This study and subsequent research will provide information necessary for the development and testing of tailored interventions aimed at reducing firefighter alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Piazza-Gardner
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA,
| | - A E Barry
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - E Chaney
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - V Dodd
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - R Weiler
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22042, USA
| | - A Delisle
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Xu Z, Chaney E, Kress A, Tracton G, Foskey M, Lian J, Chang S. SU-E-J-54: Evaluation of a Toolkit for Automatic Deformable Registration and Segmentation of Treatment Images in Clinical Prostate Cancer IGRT Applications. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lee H, Foskey M, Levy J, Saboo R, Tepper J, Chen R, Wang A, Chaney E. Calculation of Dose Delivered to the Prostate Based on Intra-treatment Marker Coordinates. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tang X, Kimple R, Harris S, Foskey M, Tracton G, Chang S, Chaney E, Pizer S, Deschesne K. SU-FF-I-90: A Clinical Evaluation of the M-Rep-Based Automatic Prostate Segmentation. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tang X, Lin T, Jiang S, Sandhu A, Chang S, Lian J, Chaney E. SU-FF-J-52: Towards On-Line Treatment Verification Using Cine EPID Images for Hypofractionated Lung IMRT. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Foskey M, Gash A, Han Q, Tracton G, Joshi S, Pizer S, Chaney E. SU-FF-I-58: A Software Toolkit for Multi-Image Registration and Segmentation in IGRT and ART. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Broadhurst R, Stough J, Tracton G, Fang X, Jeong J, Pizer S, Chaney E. 2792. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Schreiber E, Xu Z, Lorenzen A, Foskey M, Cullip T, Tracton G, Chaney E. SU-FF-T-362: PLanUNC as An Open-Source Radiotherapy Planning System for Research and Education. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Schreiber E, Tracton G, Chaney E. SU-FF-T-436: Tools for Integrating Monte Carlo Dose Engines with a Radiotherapy Planning System. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Joshi S, Merck D, Tracton G, Stough J, Broadhurst R, Pizer S, Chaney E. WE-C-I-609-07: On Constructing Priors and Likelihoods for Deformable Shape Models. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1998498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chaney E. TU-E-T-6E-02: ABR Perspective On the ABR Written Exam. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1998427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION A significant portion of the Air Med Team (AMT) flight missions involves interfacility transport of the ill or injured to receiving facilities with comprehensive resources available for their care. In an effort to help meet the psychologic needs of our patients and their families, AMT developed a Family Member Ride-Along program that allows family members or significant others to accompany patients during interfacility transport. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ride-along program from the perspective of the family member passenger (FMP) who has accompanied a patient during transport. METHODS Thirty-one family member ride-alongs responded to a 10-item questionnaire using a scaled response. Questions were designed to evaluate the benefit of the ride-along program to patients and family members from the FMP perspective. RESULTS All FMPs surveyed thought the program was beneficial to either themselves or the patients. Several benefits described by FMPs included the ability to offer emotional support to the patient, provide patient information to receiving physicians, and sign releases for medical treatment. During interfacility transports, FMPs did not hinder either patient care or transport safety. CONCLUSION Our study shows that allowing FMPs to accompany patients during transport benefits both patients and family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brown
- Doctors Medical Center, Modesto, CA 95350, USA
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Alexander JS, Jackson SA, Chaney E, Kevil CG, Haselton FR. The role of cadherin endocytosis in endothelial barrier regulation: involvement of protein kinase C and actin-cadherin interactions. Inflammation 1998; 22:419-33. [PMID: 9675612 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022325017013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that exposure of endothelial monolayers to low (0.12 mM) extracellular calcium significantly decreased the endothelial solute barrier, and that this effect was reversed by restoring 'normal' (1.2 mM) calcium (1). This effect was shown to be dependent on cadherins, however the molecular mechanisms through which barrier was altered by low calcium were not characterized. Here we investigated the mechanism of increased endothelial permeability produced by low calcium exposure. Endothelial permeability was significantly increased by exposure to low (0.12 mM) calcium; this effect was attenuated by pre-treatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, staurosporine (2 x 10(-7) M) for 30 min. Cell border retraction and gap formation produced by low calcium was also prevented by staurosporine. Treatment of monolayers with 0.12 mM calcium also stimulated the endocytosis of endothelial cadherins. This low calcium mediated cadherin endocytosis was also prevented by pretreatment with staurosporine. Low calcium mediated endocytosis was also prevented by the actin filament toxin, cytochalasin D (1 ug/ml, 30 min). We conclude that the mechanism of low calcium mediated loss of endothelial barrier function is mediated in part by a PKC dependent endocytosis of endothelial cadherins, which may involve interactions with the actin cytoskeleton. Physiological regulation of the in vivo endothelial barrier may also involve PKC dependent-actin mediated endocytosis of cadherin junctional elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Medical Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA
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Kevil CG, Ohno N, Gute DC, Okayama N, Robinson SA, Chaney E, Alexander JS. Role of cadherin internalization in hydrogen peroxide-mediated endothelial permeability. Free Radic Biol Med 1998; 24:1015-22. [PMID: 9607613 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(97)00433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of endothelial monolayers to hydrogen peroxide results in increased solute permeability in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. This effect is prevented by either staurosporine, an inhibitor of PKC, or by Gö6976, an inhibitor of "classical" PKC isoforms. Immunohistochemistry of peroxide-treated monolayers illustrates a loss of cadherin staining at cell junctions and gap formation predominantly at tri-cellular junctions. Both staurosporine and Gö6976 prevented peroxide-induced gap formation. Peroxide also stimulated internalization of cadherins as measured by the trypsin protection assay, which was not blocked by staurosporine or Gö6976. These data suggest that peroxide causes: 1) a time- and dose-dependent increase in permeability and dose-dependent increase in gap formation, both of which are PKC dependent; and 2) promotes PKC-independent cadherin internalization. These data indicate that cadherin internalization may be part of the mechanism through which oxidants regulate solute permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Kevil
- LSU Medical Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Opiates are commonly used to treat patients with chronic nonmalignant pain. There is much controversy over the definition, incidence, and risk factors of prescription opiate abuse in chronic pain treatment. The present study, done at the Seattle VA Medical Center, was designed to create opiate abuse criteria, test inter-rater reliability of the criteria, apply the criteria to a group of chronic pain patients, and correlate the risk of opiate abuse with the results of alcohol and drug testing. DESIGN/OUTCOME MEASURES A committee of experienced pain providers designed a five-point prescription opiate abuse checklist based on DSM-III-R parameters. The criteria were then applied to patients enrolled in the pain clinic. The reliability of the criteria were determined using two providers who were familiar with every patient in the clinic. Drug, alcohol, and psychosocial testing were correlated with the risk of opiate abuse. RESULTS A total of 19% (76/403) of all pain clinic patients were using chronic opiates. Thirty-four percent (26/76) met one, and 27.6% (21/76) met three or more of the abuse criteria. The criteria had an inter-rater reliability of > 0.9. There were no differences between chronic opiate users (n = 76) and opiate abusers (n = 21) for a history of drug or alcohol abuse or on psychosocial testing. CONCLUSIONS Prescription opiate abuse criteria for use in patients with chronic nonmalignant pain were designed. The criteria had good reliability and can be applied during normal clinic interactions. The percentage of chronic opiate users who become opiate abusers in pain treatment is within the range reported by others. Past opiate or alcohol abuse or psychosocial testing on clinic admission failed to predict who would become an opiate abuser. The criteria can be used to identify patients who will subsequently require more intensive treatment or intervention or can be used as an outcome to measure to test the effectiveness of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chabal
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Abstract
Neuropathic pain is often a difficult condition to treat. Clinical and laboratory studies using intravenously administered local anesthetics or antiarrhythmic agents support the use of these drugs for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The availability of the oral antiarrhythmic medication, mexiletine, has made it possible to study the effects of an orally administered medication on chronic neuropathic pain. The study used a double-blind placebo-controlled design to examine 11 subjects in whom treatment with conventional pain medications had been unsuccessful. Subjects had a history of peripheral nerve injury or dysfunction, and all complained of symptoms consistent with neuropathic pain. After baseline pain measurements, mexiletine or placebo was given in gradually increasing doses to a maximum daily dose of 750 mg mexiletine. After 1 month at steady state, the subject received the alternative medication. Mexiletine was found to produce a statistically significant reduction in reported pain when compared to baseline or placebo. Pain scores were rated on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). Median pain scores prior to mexiletine were 7, after placebo treatment 7, and while receiving mexiletine (750 mg/day) 4. Side effects were mild and well-tolerated. Mexiletine may be effective in reducing neuropathic pain for patients in whom alternative pain medications have been unsatisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chabal
- Anesthesiology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98108
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Huang D, Williams S, Chaney E, Long F. Evaluation of lead acrylic as a filter for contaminant electrons in megavoltage photon beams. Med Phys 1983; 10:93-5. [PMID: 6405146 DOI: 10.1118/1.595278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Fike JR, Druy EM, Zook BC, Davis DO, Thompson JE, Chaney E, Bradley EW. Canine anatomy as assessed by computerized tomography. Am J Vet Res 1980; 41:1823-32. [PMID: 7212411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Computerized tomographic studies of normal canine anatomy were obtained, using a whole body scanner. The regions of interest were head and neck, thorax, and abdomen and pelvis. Scans were compared with gross transverse sections from one euthanatized dog. Identification and labeling of anatomic structures were aided by reference to recognized texts of canine anatomy.
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