1
|
Kauffmann AP, Mittas S, Schiller A, Otten K, Schmitt-Mechelke T, Calcagni M, Wilder-Smith E. P127. Nerve ultrasound in children with ulnar neuropathy associated with supracondylar humerus fracture. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
2
|
Wilder-Smith E, Chong Y. Ultrasound for the investigation of ulnar neuropathy. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
3
|
|
4
|
Vijayan J, Chuen CY, Punzalan AM, Wilder-Smith E. Clinical Reasoning: A 27-year-old man with hand numbness: Exploring new horizons and reinventing the past. Neurology 2014; 82:e80-4. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
5
|
Yeo LLL, Paliwal PR, Tambyah PA, Olszyna DP, Wilder-Smith E, Rathakrishnan R. Complex partial status epilepticus associated with adult H1N1 infection. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:1728-30. [PMID: 22989792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the wake of the worldwide H1N1 pandemic, there has been evidence that the H1N1 influenza virus is associated with neurological complications. This is the first report describing status epilepticus in an adult patient with H1N1 virus infection, to our knowledge. This patient had no prior history of epilepsy and presented with complex partial status epilepticus. This was further illustrated on electroencephalographs and MRI brain changes that corresponded with the patient's clinical state and which subsequently resolved on follow-up. Although uncommon, H1N1 infections may result in central nervous system complications in adults and it is crucial to treat such patients with urgency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L L Yeo
- Department of Neurology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chan YC, Wilder-Smith E, Yuki N. More of A MAN with serial nerve conduction studies? Acta Neurol Scand 2012; 125:e20-2; author reply e23. [PMID: 22404551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Wilder-Smith E. S49-3 Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), diagnostic and pathophysiologic considerations. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)60295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND We wanted to know whether trapezius motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are helpful in the evaluation of corticospinal (CS) lesions above the fifth cervical segment (C5) and compared trapezius MEP measurements in patients with and without radiological evidence of CS lesions. METHODS Trapezius MEPs were routinely recorded in all MEP studies performed in our hospital. Patients who had MEP studies as well as brain and cervical spine imaging were retrospectively assigned to two groups. Group 1 had radiological evidence of CS lesion above the level of C5 whilst group 2 did not. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were included in the study. Twenty-eight patients were assigned to group 1 and 21 patients to group 2. The frequencies of abnormal values in the two groups were compared. Twelve (43%) patients in group 1 and three (14%) in group 2 had prolonged MEP latencies. Thirteen patients in group 1 had indentation or impingement of the cervical cord by intervertebral discs as the only relevant radiological abnormality. Seven (54%) of these patients were found to have prolonged trapezius MEP latencies, providing functional correlates to the radiological abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our study gives evidence to the usefulness of trapezius MEP study in the evaluation of CS lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi-Yun Shao, Kai-Quan Shen, Chong Jin Ong, Wilder-Smith E, Xiao-Ping Li. Automatic EEG Artifact Removal: A Weighted Support Vector Machine Approach With Error Correction. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009; 56:336-44. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2008.2005969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
10
|
Chan YC, Lee YS, Wong ST, Lam SP, Ong BKC, Wilder-Smith E. Melkerrson-Rosenthal syndrome with cardiac involvement. J Clin Neurosci 2007; 11:309-11. [PMID: 14975426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2003.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2002] [Accepted: 06/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melkerrson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a granulomatous disease usually restricted to the orofacial region. We report a case of MRS in a 37-year-old Malay patient who presented with complete heart block on a background of recurrent oro-facial swelling and facial diplegia. Lip biopsy showed lymphohistocytic granulomatous inflammation typical for MRS. Extensive work-up excluded other causes of the complete heart block. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MRS affecting cardiac connective tissues and the first report of MRS in an ethnic Malay. We postulate granulomatous infiltration of the conductive tissues as the basis for the heart block. Another unusual feature of the case was the presence of left eye abduction limitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, PD 11907, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chan YC, Wilder-Smith E, Burgunder JM, Sharma V, Ong B. P20.2 Spectrum of electroencephalographic changes in patients with S218L CACNA1A gene mutation. Clin Neurophysiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
12
|
Wilder-Smith E, Wang Q, Kannan A, Lim E. P35.8 Static handgrip as a sweat stimulant for sudometry. Clin Neurophysiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Sharma V, Ong Benjamin KC, Wong MC, Wilder-Smith E. Headache characteristics in episodic ataxia. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13:e8. [PMID: 16879285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Lim ECH, Wilder-Smith E, Ong BKC, Seet RCS. Adult-onset re-emergent stuttering as a presentation of Parkinson's disease. Ann Acad Med Singap 2005; 34:579-81. [PMID: 16284683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor circuits are postulated to play a key role in the aetiopathogenesis of stuttering. The main dysfunction is thought to be an impairment in the ability of the basal ganglia to produce timing cues for the initiation of the next motor segment of speech, explaining the association of acquired and re-emergent stuttering with diseases such as dystonia and Parkinson's disease. CLINICAL PICTURE We describe a 61-year-old man presenting with re-emergent stuttering and mild hypomimia, only to develop unilateral rest tremors, hypo- and bradykinesia, rigidity and gait difficulties one year later. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME His parkinsonism responded well to treatment with bromocriptine, but he continued to stutter. DISCUSSION This case illustrates the association between acquired or re-emergent stuttering and basal ganglia disorders, and highlights the need to assess such patients for an underlying aetiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C H Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tan JH, Goh BC, Tambyah PA, Wilder-Smith E. Paraneoplastic progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome in a patient with B-cell lymphoma. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2005; 11:187-91. [PMID: 15823484 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2004] [Revised: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An important component in the diagnosis of atypical parkinsonian disorders is the exclusion of secondary causes. Paraneoplastic causes of parkinsonism are extremely rare. We describe a case which presented initially as probable progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) but on follow-up displayed a rapidly progressive course, unexplained fever, peripheral neuropathy and an abnormal CSF. We highlight the difficulties faced in formulating a diagnosis for this unusual case prior to the discovery of an occult B-cell lymphoma, and discuss its relevance in the exclusion criteria for PSP. A paraneoplastic cause should be considered if disease progression is unusually rapid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chan YC, Wilder-Smith E, Chee MWL. Acute ophthalmoplegia with pupillary areflexia associated with anti-GQ1b antibody. J Clin Neurosci 2004; 11:658-60. [PMID: 15261245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2003.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2003] [Accepted: 10/03/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Raised anti-GQ1b antibody is associated with Miller Fisher syndrome, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) with ophthalmoplegia, Bickerstaff's brain stem encephalitis, acute ophthalmoparesis without ataxia and ataxic GBS without opthalmoplegia. We report a rare case of acute ophthalmoplegia associated with anti-GQ1b antibody that also had pupillary areflexia. A 35-year-old Chinese lady presented with external ophthalmoplegia, pupillary areflexia and no other abnormalities of cranial nerves, muscle tone, deep tendon reflexes, limb power or cerebellar dysfunction. Anti-GQ1b IgG antibody titre was significantly elevated, while neuroimaging of brain and orbital structures, nerve conduction study and cerebral spinal fluid examination were normal. Pupillary areflexia should be recognized as another feature that may be present in conditions associated with raised anti-GQ1b antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wilder-Smith E, Shen Y, Ng YK, Yu GX, Chew NK, Tan CT, Wong MC. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) in a Chinese family: clinical, radiological and skin biopsy features. J Clin Neurosci 2004; 11:304-7. [PMID: 14975424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2003.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2003] [Accepted: 05/23/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the clinical, radiological, genetic and skin biopsy findings of the first Chinese family with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Of the 43-member family tree extending over three generations, eight had typical clinical features of CADASIL with recurrent ischemic stroke. In the three surviving affected family members, brain MRI showed extensive leukoaraiosis. Genotyping revealed heterozygous C to T mutation at nucleotide 406 in exon 3. Unusual clinical features were cerebellar infarction as a presenting complaint and a late age of onset with mild symptoms at age 69. A novel finding is the suggestion of a direct correlation between clinical disease severity and the quantity of ultrastructural pathognomonic granular osmophilic material (GOM) seen on skin biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wilder-Smith
- Division of Neurology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wilder-Smith E, Tan EK, Law HY, Zhao Y, Ng I, Wong MC. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 presenting as an L-DOPA responsive dystonia phenotype in a Chinese family. J Neurol Sci 2003; 213:25-8. [PMID: 12873751 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(03)00129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The clinical spectrum of spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA 3) disease is wide and varied. We describe a Chinese patient with a mutation at the SCA 3 locus with clinical features of levodopa-responsive dystonia. The family history was suggestive of being autosomally dominant. Levodopa responsiveness though rare has been described in families with features of parkinsonism. Noteworthy is the relatively late onset of disease (>40 years) possibly explained by the low number of affected alleles at 59, the usual range being from 62 to 86, with the lowest recorded number at 56. This expands the wide and varied phenotypic manifestations of SCA 3, and highlights the observation that features suggestive of levodopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) such as focal dystonia, gait difficulty with diurnal fluctuation of symptoms, and a marked response to low doses of levodopa can be presenting features of SCA 3. SCA 3 should be considered a differential diagnosis in adult patients who present with DRD phenotype and with a positive family history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wilder-Smith
- Division of Neurology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Republic of Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chan YC, Wilder-Smith A, Ong BKC, Kumarasinghe G, Wilder-Smith E. Adult community acquired bacterial meningitis in a Singaporean teaching hospital. A seven-year overview (1993-2000). Singapore Med J 2002; 43:632-6. [PMID: 12693768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to describe the bacteriological, clinical and laboratory features of community acquired bacterial meningitis in adults admitted to a Singapore tertiary-care hospital. METHODS Two hundred sixty-nine cases of meningitis or meningoencephalitis admitted between 1993 and 2000 were identified by their discharge diagnosis codes. All case records except for 57 which could not be retrieved were retrospectively reviewed. Patients less than 14 years or with skull fractures, post-neurosurgery or with indwelling intracranial devices were excluded. Inclusion criteria was a clinical picture compatible with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis with either (1) positive cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) cultures or latex coagglutination or CSF neutrophilic pleocytosis accompanied by positive blood cultures or (2) in the absence of positive blood cultures, CSF cultures and latex agglutination, presence of CSF pleocytosis of at least 100 neutrophils per microL. RESULTS Fifteen "culture-positive" and 11 "culture negative" cases were identified. Six (55%) of the "culture-negative" cases received antibiotics prior to admission. Cultures grew Streptococcus pneumoniae in four cases, three cases each of Group B streptococci and Neisseria meningitides. Listeria monocytogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae were each seen twice and Streptococcus suis once. All cases of Group B streptococci occurred in the year 1998. Mortality was 19% (n = 5), six developed infections in other sites, three epileptic seizures, three developed hydrocephalus, and two hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS Pathogens are similar to those reported in other studies but for an outbreak of Group B Streptococcus in 1998. There were a high number of "culture-negative" cases which may be due to preceding antibiotic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- E C Lim
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus) is rare in adults and usually affects patients with predisposing conditions. AIMS To describe an increase in adult group B streptococcal meningitis occurring in parallel in Hong Kong and Singapore. METHODS All cases of bacterial meningitis admitted to the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong and Singapore General Hospital in 1998, aged 15 years or above, were reviewed. Medical records for the previous ten years were searched for previous cases of adult group B streptococcal meningitis. RESULTS In 1998, 29 adult patients with bacterial meningitis were admitted to the two hospitals. S. agalactiae was isolated in 11 cases, Streptococcus pneumoniae in three cases, Klebsiella pneumoniae in two cases, and Pseudomonas pseudomallei in one case. In 11 cases no bacteriological diagnosis could be made. Two patients with adult group B streptococcal meningitis had predisposing conditions for infection. One patient died before a definite diagnosis could be established. A ten year review of records revealed one previous case of adult group B streptococcal meningitis in a patient with multiple risk factors. CONCLUSIONS An increase of group B streptococcal meningitis has occurred among adults admitted to two major hospitals in two Southeast Asian cities. In the majority of cases there were no identifiable predisposing conditions. The cause of this increase of group B streptococcal remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wilder-Smith
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wilder-Smith E, Kothbauer-Margreiter I, Lämmle B, Sturzenegger M, Ozdoba C, Hauser SP. Dural puncture and activated protein C resistance: risk factors for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997; 63:351-6. [PMID: 9328253 PMCID: PMC2169717 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.63.3.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dural puncture is regarded a safe procedure when contraindications are carefully excluded and has so far not been recognised as a risk factor for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Five patients are described with CVST after dural puncture in the presence of additional risk factors. METHODS In four out of five patients complete investigations for thrombophilia were performed at least one month after withdrawal of oral anticoagulation. RESULTS In three out of four patients tested, activated protein C (APC) resistance due to heterozygous coagulation factor V R506Q mutation (factor V Leiden) was found. One patient was using oral contraceptives as a circumstantial risk factor and three had had spinal anaesthesia for surgical procedures. Family history of venous thromboembolism was negative in all patients. Retrospective evaluation of 66 patients with CVST disclosed that dural puncture was the fourth most common risk factor (8%) possibly contributing to thrombosis. CONCLUSION Dural puncture may constitute an additional risk factor for CVST especially in patients with APC resistance or surgery. In such patients a thrombophilia screen is indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wilder-Smith
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
In endemic areas, subclinical autonomic nerve dysfunction may be a manifestation of infection with M. leprae and possibly allow detection before progression to clinical disease. Vasomotor reflex (VMR) testing was performed in 36 asymptomatic leprosy contacts (24 household contacts, 12 hospital contacts) and 47 age- and sex-matched controls in Pokhara, Nepal. Mean age was 30 years, two thirds were male. A Moor instruments DRT4 laser doppler monitor was used for velocimetry of microvascular blood flow. The flow reduction following an inspiratory gasp was recorded from finger and toe tips. Mean percent reduction was 57.8 (standard deviation 14.6) among household contacts, 61.9 (17.5) among hospital contacts and 66.8 (7.8) among controls (p=0.001 by analysis of variance). The prevalence of abnormal test results was 54% among household contacts, 42% among hospital contacts and 15% among controls (p=0.0005 by chi-square test for trend). Subclinical autonomic neuropathy is common among healthy contacts of leprosy patients. Prospective studies are now needed to clarify to what extent abnormal VMR tests predict the risk of progression to clinical disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wilder-Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Berne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wilder-Smith A, Wilder-Smith E. Effect of steroid therapy on parameters of peripheral autonomic dysfunction in leprosy patients with acute neuritis. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1997; 65:20-7. [PMID: 9207750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent electrophysiological studies on peripheral autonomic dysfunction in leprosy patients show a high prevalence of autonomic dysfunction as measured by abnormal vasomotor reflexes (VMR) and absent sympathetic skin response (SSR). Nothing is known about the reversibility of these autonomic parameters with treatment. Since there is evidence that small fiber function may be the most reversible component in neuropathies, we measured the effect of steroid treatment on autonomic parameters together with motor and sensory functions in leprosy patients with acute neuritis. Control subjects were investigated for repeatability testing of autonomic function. Due to a relatively high variability on repeat VMR testing in the controls, we defined a change in VMR testing as a change of > 30%. With this definition, the VMR of 14.8% of the patients improved, 75% remained unchanged, and 10.2% worsened. Absent SSR became positive in 16.6% and remained unchanged in 83.4%. Improvement in sensory motor functions was seen in 21.2% and 1.3% of the patients, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wilder-Smith
- D.T.M.&H., Medical Services International, Mongkok, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wilder-Smith E, Wilder-Smith A, Van Brakel WH, Egger M. Vasomotor reflex testing in leprosy patients, healthy contacts and controls: a cross-sectional study in western Nepal. LEPROSY REV 1996; 67:306-17. [PMID: 9033201 DOI: 10.5935/0305-7518.19960031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine test characteristics of laser Doppler vasomotor reflex testing for leprosy and to determine the prevalence of abnormal responses in leprosy patients, healthy contacts and controls. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study including 89 leprosy patients (mean age 35 years, 74% male), 36 healthy contacts (29 years, 64% male) and 47 controls (30 years, 68% male), for a total of 172 participants. SETTING Leprosy hospital in an endemic region 200 km west of Kathmandu, Nepal. OUTCOME MEASURE Finger-tip and toe-tip vasomotor reflexes elicited by inspiratory gasp were measured using a laser-doppler flow temperature technique. Results were expressed in per cent as the maximal reduction in bloodflow from baseline. RESULTS For all 12 measurement sites there were highly significant (p > 0.0001 to < 0.004) differences between the three groups tested. Leprosy patients consistently had the lowest responses and controls the highest, with healthy contacts showing intermediate values. Thresholds defined as mean bloodflow reductions among controls minus 1.64 or minus 1.96 standard deviations provided optimal combinations of sensitivity and specificity. Using these cut-off values around 80% of leprosy patients, 50% of healthy contacts and 20% of controls had two or more abnormal reflexes (p < 0.0001 for differences between groups). CONCLUSIONS In endemic regions, subclinical autonomic neuropathy may be an early but detectable marker for the risk of subsequent leprosy, making early treatment and prevention of transmission possible. Prospective studies are needed to establish the predictive value of abnormal vasomotor reflexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wilder-Smith
- Neurological Department, University of Berne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wilder-Smith A, Wilder-Smith E. Electrophysiological evaluation of peripheral autonomic function in leprosy patients, leprosy contacts and controls. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1996; 64:433-40. [PMID: 9030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since there is immunocytochemical evidence that the initial damage in leprosy is directed at distal, small, unmyelinated nerve fibers, we investigated several electrophysiological methods for their potential value in detecting peripheral autonomic dysfunction in leprosy contacts and leprosy patients. Fingertip blood flow velocity and its control by vasomotor reflexes (VMR) with a laser Doppler flowmeter, fingertip skin temperature, and the sympathetic skin response (SSR) to exosomatic stimuli were studied in 89 leprosy patients, 36 leprosy contacts and 47 normal subjects. Whereas there were no significant differences between the groups in fingertip skin temperature and resting blood flow velocity measurements, there were significant differences in the prevalence of impaired fingertip VMR and absent SSR. The prevalence of absent SSR in leprosy patients was 60.9%, in contacts 13.8%, in controls 6.3%. The prevalence of abnormal VMR in leprosy patients was 61.2%, in contacts 34.7% and in controls 10.6%. VMR testing is a more sensitive test method for autonomic dysfunction compared with the SSR. The implication of impairment in vasomotor and sudomotor function in leprosy contacts needs yet to be determined. However, we propose this to be a response to exposure to Mycobacterium leprae, which represents either ongoing nerve damage or nonprogressive residual autonomic nerve damage. We suggest that VMR testing and SSR are valuable methods to evaluate early leprous neuropathy.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wilder-Smith E, Worpel F, Wilder-Smith A. Changes of autonomic nerve function in the first two weeks of acute neuritis in a patient with borderline leprosy. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1996; 64:169-71. [PMID: 8690978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
28
|
Wilder-Smith E, Wilder-Smith A. [Complex partial seizures as cause of transient cardiac arrhythmia]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1995; 125:2237-43. [PMID: 8525343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and type of seizure-induced cardiac arrhythmias is presented in light of 36 partial-complex seizures recorded with simultaneous EEG/ECG. An average increase in heart rate of 35% (sinus tachycardia) was observed in 60% of patients (22/36). Bradycardia was demonstrated in 17% (6/36) due to AV-block in 3 cases, once due to sinus bradycardia and once due to bradycardia in the presence of atrial fibrillation. In one patient with a pacemaker spontaneous heart rhythm ceased. The average slowing of heart rate was 29% with a maximum of 62.5%. In the remaining 23% of patients (8/36), no change in heart rate was observed. These results, in conjunction with those of the literature, indicate that a primary epileptic origin needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
A case of a young male Chinese recent migrant with anorexia nervosa and schizophrenia is presented. The relevant diagnostic issues relating to anorexia nervosa among Chinese males and the nature of the relationship between anorexia nervosa and schizophrenia are discussed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wilder-Smith E. Elementary visual hallucinations in migraine and epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 58:518-9. [PMID: 7738581 PMCID: PMC1073461 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.58.4.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
31
|
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a well known cause of epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures resulting in cardiac arrhythmias are less well recognised and cardiac arrhythmias are commonly presumed to be of primary cardiac origin. This paper describes a patient with complete AV heart-block during a partial complex seizure. Simultaneous EEG/ECG monitoring was used to show the secondary nature of the bradyarrhythmia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wilder-Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin Public Hospital, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Roelcke U, Barnett W, Wilder-Smith E, Sigmund D, Hacke W. Untreated neuroborreliosis: Bannwarth's syndrome evolving into acute schizophrenia-like psychosis. A case report. J Neurol 1992; 239:129-31. [PMID: 1573415 DOI: 10.1007/bf00833910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In general, meningopolyradiculitis (Bannwarth's syndrome, stage 2 of neuroborreliosis) follows a predictable monophasic self-limiting course. In contrast, we report the case of a patient with an untreated meningopolyradiculitis which evolved into acute schizophrenia-like psychosis due to persistent infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. The psychosis resolved within 1 week of treatment with ceftriaxone. This case shows that the usually benign monophasic meningopolyradiculitis may progress to severe CNS complications, which may have implications on current pathophysiological beliefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Roelcke
- Neurologische Klinik, Universität, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
In a young woman, episodes of visual symptoms were accompanied by simultaneous nonspecific EEG alterations. Concurrent Doppler sonography showed increased blood flow velocity with latency of a few seconds in the posterior cerebral arteries only. This is typical for local autoregulatory hyperperfusion due to increased neuronal activity, thus indicating focal epileptic discharges and excluding migrainous attacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wilder-Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Berne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
We present a case report of Cogan's syndrome and a review of the literature. Cogan's syndrome is most likely due to autoimmune disease primarily affecting the vestibulocochlear organ and cornea and secondarily resulting in systemic disease. 40% of patients develop bilateral complete deafness and 70% show signs of systemic disease mostly in the form of cardiovascular symptoms. The mortality rate of 10% is mainly due to vasculitis. It is important to consider Cogan's syndrome in the differential diagnosis of sudden hearing loss accompanied by ocular signs in young patients, as high morbidity and mortality rates are effectively lowered by early immunosuppressive treatment.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wilder-Smith E, Roelcke U. Cogan's syndrome. J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1990; 10:261-5. [PMID: 2150844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cogan's syndrome is a rare systemic autoimmune disease with preeminent ophthalmological and vestibulocochlear manifestations. Untreated, the disease usually results in profound deafness; eye involvement is usually self-remitting. Ten to twenty percent of patients either develop serious aortic valve disease or vasculitis or both. When given early, immunosuppressive therapy has been shown to be effective in treating all aspects of the disease. Thus, early disease recognition is of great significance. We present a patient with Cogan's syndrome and briefly discuss therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wilder-Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Roelcke U, Wilder-Smith E, Leichsenring M, Pietz B. [Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy detection of tuberculostearic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid as a diagnostic aid in the differential diagnosis of tuberculoid meningitis]. Nervenarzt 1989; 60:288-90. [PMID: 2739821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Roelcke
- Neurologische Klinik, Universität Heidelberg
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
A 65-year-old female presented with Bannwarth's syndrome. Symptoms initially responded to antibiotics but soon progressed despite further adequate antibiotic treatment. Consistently absent antibody titres to Borrelia burgdorferi, repeated CSF examinations combined with an extensive search for tumour, revealed leukaemic meningitis secondary to uterine centrocytic-centroblastic lymphoma. The diagnostic steps required to elucidate the aetiology of meningopolyradiculitis, especially when chronic and progressive, are described.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Middle Aged
- Polyradiculopathy/etiology
- Uterine Neoplasms/complications
- Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Uterine Neoplasms/drug therapy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wilder-Smith
- Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wieland E, Wilder-Smith E, Kather H. Automatic bioluminescent glucose determination using commercially available reagent kits coupled to the bacterial NAD(P)H-linked luciferase system. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1986; 24:399-403. [PMID: 3746205 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1986.24.6.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific automatic bioluminescent method is described for glucose determination in serum samples using commercially available reagent-kits. The Boehringer Gluco-quant kit, originally designed for spectrophotometric measurement, was successfully coupled to the bacterial luciferase NAD(P)H-linked system. The method's validity was proven by comparison with a spectrophotometric method. Correlation was excellent (r = 0.98, n = 50). Precision attained by 30 assays was good (CV 1.19%). The assay was verified by determining the glucose concentrations of more than 1000 serum samples. Using a microcomputer-controlled automatic luminescence analyser (Berthold LB 950 T) and reagent kits for luminometry (Boehringer Mannheim, LKB Wallac, Lumac/3M), the complete assay can be performed fully automatically with commercially available reagent kits. More than 200 samples can be assayed by one individual per day. The bioluminescence method is at least 100 times more sensitive than spectrophotometric measurements. Other reagent kits tested (Behring, Merck, Sigma) are also suitable for coupling to the NAD(P)H-linked luciferase system.
Collapse
|