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Mohammed H, Abo-Alkasem MI, Ammar EM, Mazeed TE, Abu Taleb A. Enhancement of bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae under high gravity fermentation using sequential optimization strategy. Egypt J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2021.78360.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- EM Ammar
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Huda S El‐Sheshtawy
- Process Design and Development Department Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Cairo Egypt
| | - EH El‐Shatoury
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Shaimaa K Amer
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
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Badur AH, Ammar EM, Yalamanchili G, Hehemann JH, Rao CV. Characterization of the GH16 and GH17 laminarinases from Vibrio breoganii 1C10. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:161-171. [PMID: 31754764 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Laminarin is an abundant glucose polymer used as an energy reserve by micro- and macroalgae. Bacteria digest and consume laminarin with laminarinases. Their genomes frequently contain multiple homologs; however, the biological role for this replication remains unclear. We investigated the four laminarinases of glycoside hydrolase families GH16 and GH17 from the marine bacterium Vibrio breoganii 1C10, which can use laminarin as its sole carbon source. All four laminarinases employ an endolytic mechanism and specifically cleave the β-1,3-glycosidic bond. Two primarily produce low-molecular weight laminarin oligomers (DP 3-4) whereas the others primarily produce high-molecular weight oligomers (DP > 8), which suggests that these enzymes sequentially degrade laminarin. The results from this work provide an overview of the laminarinases from a single marine bacterium and also provide insights regarding how multiple laminarinases are used to degrade laminarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet H Badur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ehab M Ammar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Geethika Yalamanchili
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- MARUM MPG Bridge Group Marine Glycobiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Ammar EM, Wang X, Rao CV. Regulation of metabolism in Escherichia coli during growth on mixtures of the non-glucose sugars: arabinose, lactose, and xylose. Sci Rep 2018; 8:609. [PMID: 29330542 PMCID: PMC5766520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Catabolite repression refers to the process where the metabolism of one sugar represses the genes involved in metabolizing another sugar. While glucose provides the canonical example, many other sugars are also known to induce catabolite repression. However, less is known about the mechanism for catabolite repression by these non-glucose sugars. In this work, we investigated the mechanism of catabolite repression in the bacterium Escherichia coli during growth on lactose, L-arabinose, and D-xylose. The metabolism of these sugars is regulated in a hierarchical manner, where lactose is the preferred sugar, followed by L-arabinose, and then D-xylose. Previously, the preferential utilization of L-arabinose over D-xylose was found to result from transcriptional crosstalk. However, others have proposed that cAMP governs the hierarchical regulation of many non-glucose sugars. We investigated whether lactose-induced repression of L-arabinose and D-xylose gene expression is due to transcriptional crosstalk or cAMP. Our results demonstrate that it is due to cAMP and not transcriptional crosstalk. In addition, we found that repression is reciprocal, where both L-arabinose and D-xylose also repress the lactose gene expression, albeit to a lesser extent and also through a mechanism involving cAMP. Collectively, the results further our understanding of metabolism during growth on multiple sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M Ammar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Abdelrahman RS, El-Awady MS, Nader MA, Ammar EM. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates cardiovascular dysfunction induced by cecal ligation and puncture in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:953-64. [PMID: 25791320 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114564794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gaseous messenger that participates in regulation of cardiovascular functions. This study evaluates the possible protective effect of H2S in cardiovascular dysfunction induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats. After 24 h of induction of CLP, heart rate (HR), mortality, cardiac and inflammation biomarkers (creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isozyme, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), in vitro vascular reactivity, histopathological examination, and oxidative biomarkers (malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were determined. CLP induced elevations in HR, mortality, serum CK-MB, cTnI, CRP, and LDH, in addition to impaired aortic contraction to potassium chloride and phenylephrine and relaxation to acetylcholine without affecting sodium nitroprusside responses. Moreover, CLP increased cardiac and aortic MDA and decreased SOD, without affecting GSH and caused a marked subserosal and interstitial inflammation in endocardium. Sodium hydrosulfide, but not the irreversible inhibitor of H2S synthesis dl-propargyl glycine, protected against CLP-induced changes in HR, mortality, cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress, and myocardium histopathological changes without affecting vascular dysfunction. Our results confirm that H2S can attenuate CLP-induced cardiac, but not vascular, dysfunction possibly through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M S El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - E M Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Wang Z, Lin M, Wang L, Ammar EM, Yang ST. Metabolic engineering of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii for enhanced propionic acid fermentation: Effects of overexpressing three biotin-dependent carboxylases. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wang Z, Ammar EM, Zhang A, Wang L, Lin M, Yang ST. Engineering Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii for enhanced propionic acid fermentation: effects of overexpressing propionyl-CoA:Succinate CoA transferase. Metab Eng 2014; 27:46-56. [PMID: 25447642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii naturally forms propionic acid as the main fermentation product with acetate and succinate as two major by-products. In this study, overexpressing the native propionyl-CoA:succinate CoA transferase (CoAT) in P. shermanii was investigated to evaluate its effects on propionic acid fermentation with glucose, glycerol, and their mixtures as carbon source. In general, the mutant produced more propionic acid, with up to 10% increase in yield (0.62 vs. 0.56g/g) and 46% increase in productivity (0.41 vs. 0.28g/Lh), depending on the fermentation conditions. The mutant also produced less acetate and succinate, with the ratios of propionate to acetate (P/A) and succinate (P/S) in the final product increased 50% and 23%, respectively, in the co-fermentation of glucose/glycerol. Metabolic flux analysis elucidated that CoAT overexpression diverted more carbon fluxes toward propionic acid, resulting in higher propionic acid purity and a preference for glycerol over glucose as carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ehab M Ammar
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - An Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Liqun Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, 1 Ge Hu Road, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Meng Lin
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
There is a large body of evidence that nitric oxide (NO) formation is implicated in mediating silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. As a reactive free radical, NO may not only contribute to lung parenchymal tissue injury but also has the ability to combine with superoxide and form a highly reactive toxic species peroxynitrite that can induce extensive cellular toxicity in the lung tissues. This study aimed to explore the effect of agmatine, a known NO synthase inhibitor, on silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with agmatine for 60 days following a single intranasal instillation of silica suspension (50 mg in 0.1 ml saline/rat). The results revealed that agmatine attenuated silica-induced lung inflammation as it decreased the lung wet/dry weight ratio, protein concentration, and the accumulation of the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Agmatine showed antifibrotic activity as it decreased total hydroxyproline content of the lung and reduced silica-mediated lung inflammation and fibrosis in lung histopathological specimen. In addition, agmatine significantly increased superoxide dismutase ( p < 0.001) and reduced glutathione ( p < 0.05) activities with significant decrease in the lung malondialdehyde ( p < 0.001) content as compared to the silica group. Agmatine also reduced silica-induced overproduction of pulmonary nitrite/nitrate as well as tumor necrosis factor α. Collectively, these results demonstrate the protective effects of agmatine against the silica-induced lung fibrosis that may be attributed to its ability to counteract the NO production, lipid peroxidation, and regulate cytokine effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- DS El-Agamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - MH Sharawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - EM Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ammar EM, Said SA, Hassan MS. Enhanced vasoconstriction and reduced vasorelaxation induced by testosterone and nandrolone in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Pharmacol Res 2004; 50:253-9. [PMID: 15225667 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2004.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) are widely abused by athletes and this abuse has been associated with many serious circulatory events including sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction and cardiac hypertrophy. The effect of chronic treatment for 16 weeks with testosterone (25mg(-1)kg(-1)week(-1)) and nandrolone (50mg(-1)kg(-1)week(-1)) on serum lipids of male hypercholesterolemic New Zealand rabbits was investigated. The responses of isolated rabbit aortic rings to some vasoconstrictors (epinephrine, serotonin and endothelin-1) and vasodilators (adenosine and sodium nitroprusside) were also measured after treatment. Testosterone and nandrolone significantly reduced HDL-cholesterol levels, potentiated vasoconstriction responses to epinephrine, serotonin and endothelin-1, and attenuated vasorelaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside in rabbits. Nandrolone also caused a significant increase in LDL-cholesterol levels. No significant changes in adenosine relaxation were found in rabbits. The results of the present study showed that the abuse of AAS in presence of hypercholesterolemia can enhance atherogenicity and vasospasm as well as attenuation of vasorelaxation. Therefore the abuse of AAS is harmful to the vascular system and should be prohibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Ammar EM, Hutson D, Scratcherd T. Absence of a relationship between arterial pH and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in the isolated perfused cat pancreas. J Physiol 1987; 388:495-504. [PMID: 3656198 PMCID: PMC1192561 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The secretion rate of bicarbonate by the isolated saline-perfused cat pancreas was linearly related to the bicarbonate concentration of the arterial inflow at constant PCO2 and at high volume rates of secretion. 2. Pancreatic bicarbonate secretion was independent of arterial inflow pH at constant bicarbonate concentrations when the pH was manipulated by alterations in the PCO2 at high volume rates of secretion. 3. A small but statistically significant linear relationship existed between the pH of the arterial inflow and bicarbonate secretion at constant PCO2 after inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by acetazolamide. Under the same conditions no relationship was found between bicarbonate secretion and arterial inflow pH when the perfusate bicarbonate concentration was kept constant and the PCO2 varied. 4. When the volume rate of secretion was reduced by about 60-70% of maximum no relationship was found to exist between arterial inflow pH and bicarbonate secretion at constant bicarbonate concentration in the perfusate. There was also no relationship between inflow pH and bicarbonate secretion at constant PCO2 down to a pH of 7.3 until the bicarbonate concentration of the perfusate was reduced below 10 mM, when the secretion rate fell off rapidly. 5. A linear relationship was found to exist between the volume rate of secretion and the PCO2 of the pancreatic juice and the output of lactate both in the isolated saline-perfused gland and the blood-perfused pancreas in situ. 6. At high rates of secretion the PCO2 of the pancreatic juice was always higher than that of either the arterial inflow or the venous outflow. There is therefore no gradient for the passive movement of carbon dioxide between the arterial inflow and the pancreatic juice. 7. Inhibition of secretion with acetazolamide caused a fall in the PCO2 of pancreatic juice and increased the output of lactate. The secretion of lactate was not due to hypoxia as it also occurred in the blood-perfused gland in situ which had normal haemoglobin concentrations and oxygen saturation. 8. It is concluded that the secretion of bicarbonate is independent of arterial pH but critically dependent upon the arterial concentration of the bicarbonate ion. These experiments do not support the concept that the secretion of protons over the basolateral membrane is the major primary event in pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ammar
- Department of Physiology, University of Sheffield
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Couri D, Miller CH, Bull RJ, Delphia JM, Ammar EM. Assessment of maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenic potential of sodium chlorite in Sprague-Dawley rats. Environ Health Perspect 1982; 46:25-9. [PMID: 7151764 PMCID: PMC1569042 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.824625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Groups of up to 13 pregnant rats were individually caged. Body weight, food and water consumption were recorded at days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of gestation and the dams were treated on days 8-15 with sodium chlorite, 0.1%, 0.5% or 2% in drinking water or by injection of 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg IP or by gavaging with 200 mg/kg. To prevent ingestion of stillborn pups some dams were sacrificed at day 22. Other dams were allowed to deliver at term. Fetuses were weighed, measured and examined for soft tissue and skeletal malformations. Sodium chlorite, 20 or 50 mg/kg daily IP or gavaging with 200 mg/kg, caused vaginal and urethral bleeding. Doses of 10, 20 or 50 mg/kg daily IP caused 0, 50 and 100% mortality of dams, respectively. No deaths were caused by sodium chlorite in the drinking water, but the dams' body weight, water and food consumption decreased during all treatments except 0.1% in the drinking water. Blood smears from the dams injected IP or drinking 2% sodium chlorite showed irregular, bizarre and ruptured erythrocytes. Injection of 10 or 20 mg/kg or drinking 2% resulted in decreased litter size and increased stillbirths and resorption sites. Drinking 0.1% or 0.5% sodium chlorite did not produce any significant embryotoxicity. With all treatments, no significant gross soft tissue or skeletal malformations were observed. Postnatal growth of the pups was not affected by any treatment of the dams during the gestation period.
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Ammar EM, Couri D. Acute toxicity of sodium selenite and selenomethionine in mice after ICV or IV administration. Neurotoxicology 1981; 2:383-6. [PMID: 7198759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The acute intracerebroventricular administration of sodium selenite and selenomethionine in conscious mice produced neurotoxicity manifested by hyperreflexia, convulsions and dealth. Selenite was 43-fold more toxic than selenomethionine on the basis of LD50 determination. The intravenous administration of the selenium compounds resulted in predominantly cardio-respiratory effects, hind limb paralysis and death. Selenite was 4-fold more toxic than selenomethionine. A comparison of relative toxicity after icv or iv administration revealed that selenite is more toxic than selenomethionine and greater relative toxicity was noted via the icv route. This toxicity difference may be attributed to the lack or low level of biotransformation of selenite by the CNS.
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Ammar EM, Osman FH. Electrocardiographic and neurological changes following injection of monovalent and divalent cations into the cerebral ventricle of conscious rabbits. Pharmacol Res Commun 1977; 9:563-72. [PMID: 896899 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-6989(77)80084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Osman FH, Ammar EM, Afifi AM, Ahmed NM. Potentiation by lithium and protection by rubidium of digitalis intoxication. Jpn J Exp Med 1976; 46:1-6. [PMID: 933365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the effects of Li and Rb on the toxicity of digoxin and ouabain revealed Li to be a potentiator while Rb to be a protector. The effects of Rb in this respect are, more or less, qualitatively comparable to those of K; the intensity of Rb effects is more than that of K. In case of digoxin the effect produced from the combined use of both Rb and K is more than each individual effect. With ouabain, however, whereas Rb offered protection K failed to do so. Electrolyte changes in cardiac tissue showed that Li increased the tissue content of Ca while Rb produced the opposite effect. In comparing Rb with K, both increased the K level in the cardiac muscle. However, in the case of ouabain the infusion of K failed to decrease the Ca level and this might explain its failure to protect against ouabain toxicity. This points to the importance of Ca, rather than K, in controlling the excitability of the cardiac muscle and in effecting the toxicity of cardiac glycosides. Evidences presented indicate the superiority of Rb over K and propose its trial in clinical practice.
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Abstract
When studying some of the properties of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptors in the rat uterine muscle using phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) as an antagonist it was found that the specific receptors for 5HT in the smooth muscle were selectively blocked by PBZ; a period of 20-minute exposure to the antagonist was required for maximal effect. The blockade produced was of long duration and the recovery of response was relatively slow; it was incomplete throughout the 4-hour observation period. A concentration of 1 X 10(-8) g/ml PBZ produced a parallel shift of the dose-response effects while higher concentrations reduced both the slope and maximal response. The reasons for such a shift were discussed. 5HT produced a rapid onset and offset of effect suggesting that the site of 5HT receptor is on the surface of the cell membrane. Moreover, 5HT could protect its own receptor against PBZ blockade.
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Afifi AM, Ammar EM. Neurological, respiratory and cardiac effects of cardiac glycoside administered intracerebrally to conscious mice. Pharmacol Res Commun 1974; 6:417-25. [PMID: 4456418 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-6989(74)80051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ammar EM, Kudrin AN. [The effect of vetrazine on experimental tachycardia and ventricular arrythmia induced by strophanthin]. Kardiologiia 1972; 12:120-2. [PMID: 5052605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ammar EM, Kudrin AN. [Antiarrhythmic effect of beta-N-hexamethyleneimino-para-butoxypropiophenone (TG-17), novocainamide and quinidine in cardiac arrhythmias evoked by strophanthin K in cats]. Farmakol Toksikol 1969; 32:566-70. [PMID: 5364670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ammar EM, Kudrin AN. [Comparative antiarrhythmic activity of beta-N-hexamethyleneimino-P-butoxypropiophenone, quinidine and novocaine amide in aconitine auricular fibrillation and flutter in cats]. Farmakol Toksikol 1969; 32:415-8. [PMID: 5357458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ammar EM. [Comparative antiarrhythmic and antitoxic activity of beta-hexamethyleneimino-para-butoxypropiophenone, novocaine amide and quinidine in arrhythmia, induced by calcium chlorides in mice]. Farmakol Toksikol 1968; 31:597-601. [PMID: 5707735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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