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Challenger E, Dilly-Penchala S, Hale C, Fitzgerald R, Reynolds H, Chiong J, Rowland T, Fletcher T, Khoo S, Else L. A novel LC-MS/MS method for the determination of favipiravir ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate (T-705-RTP) in human peripheral mononuclear cells. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116155. [PMID: 38652938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum antiviral that is metabolised intracellularly into the active form, favipiravir ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate (F-RTP). Measurement of the intracellular concentration of F-RTP in mononuclear cells is a crucial step to characterising the pharmacokinetics of F-RTP and to enable more appropriate dose selection for the treatment of COVID-19 and emerging infectious diseases. The described method was validated over the range 24 - 2280 pmol/sample. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood and lysed using methanol-water (70:30, v/v) before cellular components were precipitated with acetonitrile and the supernatant further cleaned by weak anion exchange solid phase extraction. The method was found to be both precise and accurate and was successfully utilised to analyse F-RTP concentrations in patient samples collected as part of the AGILE CST-6 clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Challenger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Sujan Dilly-Penchala
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Colin Hale
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Richard Fitzgerald
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Helen Reynolds
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Justin Chiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Tim Rowland
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Tom Fletcher
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Laura Else
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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Challenger E, Penchala SD, Hale C, Fitzgerald R, Walker L, Reynolds H, Chiong J, Fletcher T, Khoo S, Else L. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for quantification of favipiravir in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115436. [PMID: 37148698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Favipiravir (FVP) is a broad-spectrum antiviral that selectively inhibits viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, first trialled for the treatment of influenza infection. It has been shown to be effective against a number of RNA virus families including arenaviruses, flaviviruses and enteroviruses. Most recently, FVP has been investigated as a potential therapeutic for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of FVP in human plasma has been developed and validated for use in clinical trials investigating favipiravir as treatment for coronavirus disease-2019. Samples were extracted by protein precipitation using acetonitrile, using 13C, 15N- Favipiravir as internal standard. Elution was performed on a Synergi Polar-RP 150 × 2.1 mm 4 µm column using a gradient mobile phase programme consisting of 0.2% formic acid in water and 0.2% formic acid in methanol. The assay was validated over the range 500-50,000 ng/mL; this method was found to be precise and accurate and recovery of FVP from the matrix was high. Stability experiments confirmed and expanded on the known stability of FVP, including under heat treatment and for a period of 10 months at - 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Challenger
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Sujan Dilly Penchala
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Colin Hale
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Richard Fitzgerald
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Lauren Walker
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Helen Reynolds
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Justin Chiong
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Tom Fletcher
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Laura Else
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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Herrera C, Lwanga J, Lee M, Mantori S, Amara A, Else L, Penchala SD, Egan D, Challenger E, Dickinson L, Boffito M, Shattock R, Khoo S, Fox J. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic investigation of raltegravir with or without lamivudine in the context of HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:2129-2136. [PMID: 33993302 PMCID: PMC8325523 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To characterize their potential use in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) we compared the pharmacokinetics of raltegravir and lamivudine in genital tissue against ex vivo tissue infection with HIV-1. Methods Open-label trial of 36 HIV-negative females and males randomized to 7 days raltegravir 400 mg twice daily and 7 days raltegravir 400 mg+lamivudine 150 mg twice daily (after washout), or vice versa. Blood, saliva, rectal fluid, rectal tissue, vaginal fluid and vaginal tissue were sampled at baseline and on and off PrEP during a total of 12 days, for pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity via ex vivo HIV-1BaL challenge. Ex vivo infectivity was compared with baseline. The trial has been registered in https://clinicaltrials.gov/ with the identifier NCT03205566. Results Steady state for both drugs was reached by day 4. Dosing with raltegravir alone provided modest ex vivo HIV protection with higher drug levels in rectal tissue and vaginal tissue than in plasma on and off PrEP. Off PrEP, plasma and vaginal concentrations declined rapidly, while persisting in the rectum. On PrEP, the highest lamivudine concentrations were in the rectum, followed by vaginal tissue then plasma. Lamivudine washout was rapid in plasma, while persisting in the rectum and vagina. Raltegravir/lamivudine increased ex vivo protection on and off PrEP compared with raltegravir alone, reaching maximum protection at day 2 in rectal tissue and at day 8 in vaginal tissue. Conclusions Raltegravir 400 mg+lamivudine 150 mg showed high levels of ex vivo HIV protection, associated with high drug concentrations persisting after discontinuation in vaginal and rectal compartments, supporting further investigation of these agents for PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julianne Lwanga
- Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ming Lee
- Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Suna Mantori
- Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alieu Amara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura Else
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Deirdre Egan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Laura Dickinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marta Boffito
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robin Shattock
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Julie Fox
- Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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Dilly Penchala S, Alagaratnam J, Challenger E, Amara A, Else L, Winston A, Khoo S. The development and validation of a novel LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of cenicriviroc in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4711. [PMID: 31629375 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for cenicriviroc (CVC) quantification in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The method involved precipitation with acetonitrile and injecting supernatants onto the column. Separation was achieved on an XBridge C18 column with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. Analyte detection was conducted in positive ion mode using selected reaction monitoring. The m/z transitions were: CVC (697.3 → 574.3) and CVC-d7 (704.4 → 574.3). Calibration curve ranged from 5 to 1000 ng/mL for plasma and from 0.241 to 15.0 ng/mL for CSF. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were <15% for both plasma and CSF across four different concentrations. CVC recovery from plasma and artificial CSF was >90%. The method was utilized for the measurement of patients' plasma and CSF samples taking a dose of 50, 150 and 300 mg q.d.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmini Alagaratnam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alieu Amara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura Else
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alan Winston
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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5
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Elliot ER, Cerrone M, Challenger E, Else L, Amara A, Bisdomini E, Khoo S, Owen A, Boffito M. Pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir with and without darunavir/cobicistat in healthy volunteers. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:1466. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Moltó J, Curran A, Miranda C, Challenger E, Santos JR, Ribera E, Khoo S, Valle M, Clotet B. Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/cobicistat and etravirine alone and co-administered in HIV-infected patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:732-737. [PMID: 29237008 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the effect of etravirine on the pharmacokinetics of darunavir/cobicistat and vice versa. Safety and tolerability of this combination were also evaluated. Methods Open-label, fixed-sequence trial in two cohorts of HIV-infected patients on therapy with darunavir/cobicistat 800/150 mg once daily (DRV cohort; n = 15) or etravirine 400 mg once daily (ETR cohort; n = 15). Etravirine or darunavir/cobicistat were added on days 1-14 and 1-7 in participants in the DRV or ETR cohort, respectively. Full pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained on days 0 and 14 in the DRV cohort, and on days 0 and 7 in the ETR cohort. Darunavir, cobicistat and etravirine pharmacokinetic parameters [AUC0-24, Cmax and trough concentrations in plasma (C24)] were calculated for each individual by non-compartmental analysis and were compared using linear mixed-effects models. Adverse events and HIV-1 RNA in plasma were monitored. Results Etravirine co-administration decreased cobicistat AUC0-24, Cmax and C24 by 30%, 14% and 66%, respectively. Although darunavir AUC0-24 and Cmax were unchanged by etravirine, darunavir C24 was 56% lower for darunavir/cobicistat co-administered with etravirine relative to darunavir/cobicistat alone. Etravirine pharmacokinetics were unchanged by darunavir/cobicistat. Treatments were well tolerated, and HIV-1 RNA remained undetectable in all participants. Conclusions Although etravirine pharmacokinetics was unchanged by darunavir/cobicistat, there was a significant decrease in cobicistat exposure and in darunavir C24 when darunavir/cobicistat was co-administered with etravirine. Boosting darunavir with ritonavir instead of with cobicistat may be preferred if darunavir is to be combined with etravirine in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Moltó
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Curran
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Miranda
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Challenger
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - José Ramón Santos
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Esteban Ribera
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marta Valle
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,PKPD Modeling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB St Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
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Alagaratnam J, Dilly-Penchala S, Challenger E, Else L, Legg K, Petersen C, Jones B, Kulasegaram R, Seyedkazemi S, Lefebvre E, Khoo S, Winston A. Cerebrospinal fluid exposure of cenicriviroc in HIV-positive individuals with cognitive impairment. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1039-1040. [PMID: 30834549 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmini Alagaratnam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of HIV & Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Laura Else
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ken Legg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Petersen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brynmor Jones
- Department of HIV & Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ranjababu Kulasegaram
- Department of HIV & Genitourinary Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Star Seyedkazemi
- Clinical Development, Allergan plc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Eric Lefebvre
- Clinical Development, Allergan plc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alan Winston
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of HIV & Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Gini J, Penchala SD, Amara A, Challenger E, Egan D, Waitt C, Lamorde M, Orrell C, Myer L, Khoo S, Else LJ. Validation and clinical application of a novel LC-MS method for quantification of dolutegravir in breast milk. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1933-1945. [PMID: 30450920 PMCID: PMC6949129 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A novel, sensitive and reproducible method for quantification of dolutegravir (DTG) in dried breast milk spots (DBMS) was developed and validated for use in clinical studies. Its application enabled measurement of DTG pharmacokinetics in breastfeeding mothers and their infants. Results/methodology: Sample extraction was by liquid-liquid extraction using tert-butyl methy-ether, with DTG-d5 as an internal standard. DTG was eluted on a reverse phase C18 Waters XBridge (3.5 μm: 2.1 × 50 mm) column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in deionised water or methanol. The assay was validated over a calibration range of 10-4000 ng/ml. Conclusion: Stability, inter and intra-assay variability were acceptable according to FDA and EMA bioanalytical method guidelines. The assay is robust, accurate, precise and can be reliably applied for analysis of clinical samples in trials from low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Gini
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
- Liverpool Bioanalytical Facility, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - Sujan Dilly Penchala
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
- Liverpool Bioanalytical Facility, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - Alieu Amara
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
- Liverpool Bioanalytical Facility, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - Elizabeth Challenger
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
- Liverpool Bioanalytical Facility, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - Deirdre Egan
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
- Liverpool Bioanalytical Facility, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - Catriona Waitt
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mohammed Lamorde
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Catherine Orrell
- Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, Gugulethu Community Health Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Landon Myer
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology & Research, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
- Liverpool Bioanalytical Facility, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - Laura J Else
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
- Liverpool Bioanalytical Facility, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
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9
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Elliot ER, Cerrone M, Challenger E, Else L, Amara A, Bisdomini E, Khoo S, Owen A, Boffito M. Pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir with and without darunavir/cobicistat in healthy volunteers. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 74:149-156. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie R Elliot
- St Stephen’s Clinical Research, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maddalena Cerrone
- St Stephen’s Clinical Research, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Challenger
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura Else
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alieu Amara
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elisa Bisdomini
- St Stephen’s Clinical Research, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marta Boffito
- St Stephen’s Clinical Research, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Penchala SD, Fawcett S, Else L, Egan D, Amara A, Elliot E, Challenger E, Back D, Boffito M, Khoo S. The development and application of a novel LC-MS/MS method for the measurement of Dolutegravir, Elvitegravir and Cobicistat in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1027:174-80. [PMID: 27290668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dolutegravir and Elvitegravir belongs to a class of integrase inhibitors which has recently been approved by the FDA for the treatment of HIV-infection. Elvitegravir and its co-administered booster drug, Cobicistat, has shown the potential to be a candidate for a one pill once a day regimen and is currently a component of many clinical trials. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of these three drugs in human plasma. A liquid- liquid extraction was used as a sample preparation technique using 100μL of plasma. The method was validated from 10 to 4000ng/mL for Dolutegravir, Elvitegravir and Cobicistat. Chromatography was performed on XBridge C18 2.1mm×50mm column, using an 80:20 methanol/water mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid on a gradient program. This method was successfully applied for ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Dilly Penchala
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Sandra Fawcett
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura Else
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Deirdre Egan
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alieu Amara
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emilie Elliot
- St. Stephen's Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Challenger
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Back
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marta Boffito
- St. Stephen's Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
There is increasing international interest in the links between malnutrition and disability: both are major global public health problems, both are key human rights concerns, and both are currently prominent within the global health agenda. In this review, interactions between the two fields are explored and it is argued that strengthening links would lead to important mutual benefits and synergies. At numerous points throughout the life-cycle, malnutrition can cause or contribute to an individual's physical, sensory, intellectual or mental health disability. By working more closely together, these problems can be transformed into opportunities: nutrition services and programmes for children and adults can act as entry points to address and, in some cases, avoid or mitigate disability; disability programmes can improve nutrition for the children and adults they serve. For this to happen, however, political commitment and resources are needed, as are better data.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Groce
- Leonard Cheshire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre, University College London, UK
| | - E Challenger
- Leonard Cheshire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre, University College London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C Kaplan
- Spoon Foundation, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - M Kerac
- Leonard Cheshire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre, University College London, UK
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