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Yarali E, Mirzaali MJ, Ghalayaniesfahani A, Accardo A, Diaz-Payno PJ, Zadpoor AA. 4D printing for Biomedical Applications. Adv Mater 2024:e2402301. [PMID: 38580291 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
4D (bio-)printing endows 3D printed (bio-)materials with multiple functionalities and dynamic properties. 4D printed materials have been recently used in biomedical engineering for the design and fabrication of biomedical devices, such as stents, occluders, micro-needles, smart 3D-cell engineered micro-environments, drug delivery systems, wound closures, and implantable medical devices. However, the success of 4D printing relies on the rational design of 4D printed objects, the selection of smart materials, and the availability of appropriate types of external (multi-)stimuli. Here, we first highlight the different types of smart materials, external stimuli, and design strategies used in 4D (bio-)printing. Then, we present a critical review of the biomedical applications of 4D printing and discuss the future directions of biomedical research in this exciting area, including In vivo tissue regeneration studies, the implementation of multiple materials with reversible shape memory behaviors, the creation of fast shape-transformation responses, the ability to operate at the microscale, untethered activation and control, and the application of (machine learning-based) modeling approaches to predict the structure-property and design-shape transformation relationships of 4D (bio)printed constructs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yarali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M J Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A Ghalayaniesfahani
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - A Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P J Diaz-Payno
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
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2
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Loganathan K, Scaccabarozzi AD, Faber H, Ferrari F, Bizak Z, Yengel E, Naphade DR, Gedda M, He Q, Solomeshch O, Adilbekova B, Yarali E, Tsetseris L, Salama KN, Heeney M, Tessler N, Anthopoulos TD. 14 GHz Schottky Diodes Using a p-Doped Organic Polymer. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2108524. [PMID: 34990058 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The low carrier mobility of organic semiconductors and the high parasitic resistance and capacitance often encountered in conventional organic Schottky diodes hinder their deployment in emerging radio frequency (RF) electronics. Here, these limitations are overcome by combining self-aligned asymmetric nanogap electrodes (≈25 nm) produced by adhesion lithography, with a high mobility organic semiconductor, and RF Schottky diodes able to operate in the 5G frequency spectrum are demonstrated. C16 IDT-BT is used, as the high hole mobility polymer, and the impact of p-doping on the diode performance is studied. Pristine C16 IDT-BT-based diodes exhibit maximum intrinsic and extrinsic cutoff frequencies (fC ) of >100 and 6 GHz, respectively. This extraordinary performance is attributed to the planar nature of the nanogap channel and the diode's small junction capacitance (<2 pF). Doping of C16 IDT-BT with the molecular p-dopant C60 F48 improves the diode's performance further by reducing the series resistance resulting to intrinsic and extrinsic fC of >100 and ≈14 GHz respectively, while the DC output voltage of an RF rectifier circuit increases by a tenfold. Our work highlights the importance of the planar nanogap architecture and paves the way for the use of organic Schottky diodes in large-area RF electronics of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivanan Loganathan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto D Scaccabarozzi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik Faber
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Federico Ferrari
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhanibek Bizak
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yengel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dipti R Naphade
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murali Gedda
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiao He
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Olga Solomeshch
- The Zisapel Nano-Electronic Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200, Israel
| | - Begimai Adilbekova
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yarali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, GR-15780, Greece
| | - Khaled N Salama
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Nir Tessler
- The Zisapel Nano-Electronic Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200, Israel
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Aydin E, El-Demellawi JK, Yarali E, Aljamaan F, Sansoni S, Rehman AU, Harrison G, Kang J, El Labban A, De Bastiani M, Razzaq A, Van Kerschaver E, Allen TG, Mohammed OF, Anthopoulos T, Alshareef HN, De Wolf S. Scaled Deposition of Ti 3C 2Tx MXene on Complex Surfaces: Application Assessment as Rear Electrodes for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS Nano 2022; 16:2419-2428. [PMID: 35139300 PMCID: PMC8867910 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXenes) are of great interest as electrode materials for a variety of applications, including solar cells, due to their tunable optoelectronic properties, high metallic conductivity, and attractive solution processability. However, thus far, MXene electrodes have only been exploited for lab-scale device applications. Here, to demonstrate the potential of MXene electrodes at an industry-relevant level, we implemented a scalable spray coating technique to deposit highly conductive (ca. 8000 S/cm, at a ca. 55 nm thickness) Ti3C2Tx films (Tx: surface functional groups, i.e., -OH, -O, -F) via an automated spray system. We employed these Ti3C2Tx films as rear electrodes for silicon heterojunction solar cells as a proof of concept. The spray-deposited MXene flakes have formed a conformal coating on top of the indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated random pyramidal textured silicon wafers, leading to >20% power conversion efficiency (PCE) over both medium-sized (4.2 cm2) and large (243 cm2, i.e., industry-sized 6 in. pseudosquare wafers) cell areas. Notably, the Ti3C2Tx-rear-contacted devices have retained around 99% of their initial PCE for more than 600 days of ambient air storage. Their performance is comparable with state-of-the-art solar cells contacted with sputtered silver electrodes. Our findings demonstrate the high-throughput potential of spray-coated MXene-based electrodes for solar cells in addition to a wider variety of electronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Aydin
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad K. El-Demellawi
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yarali
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Aljamaan
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Simone Sansoni
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Atteq ur Rehman
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George Harrison
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jingxuan Kang
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman El Labban
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Michele De Bastiani
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arsalan Razzaq
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Van Kerschaver
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas G. Allen
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Anthopoulos
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N. Alshareef
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Lin Y, Magomedov A, Firdaus Y, Kaltsas D, El-Labban A, Faber H, Naphade DR, Yengel E, Zheng X, Yarali E, Chaturvedi N, Loganathan K, Gkeka D, AlShammari SH, Bakr OM, Laquai F, Tsetseris L, Getautis V, Anthopoulos TD. 18.4 % Organic Solar Cells Using a High Ionization Energy Self-Assembled Monolayer as Hole-Extraction Interlayer. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:3569-3578. [PMID: 33928763 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on Br-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) 2PACz ([2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) and MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) molecules were investigated as hole-extracting interlayers in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies of these SAMs were measured at -6.01 and -5.30 eV for Br-2PACz and MeO-2PACz, respectively, and found to induce significant changes in the work function (WF) of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes upon chemical functionalization. OPV cells based on PM6 (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)]) : BTP-eC9 : PC71 BM ([6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester) using ITO/Br-2PACz anodes exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4 %, outperforming devices with ITO/MeO-2PACz (14.5 %) and ITO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) (17.5 %). The higher PCE was found to originate from the much higher WF of ITO/Br-2PACz (-5.81 eV) compared to ITO/MeO-2PACz (4.58 eV) and ITO/PEDOT : PSS (4.9 eV), resulting in lower interface resistance, improved hole transport/extraction, lower trap-assisted recombination, and longer carrier lifetimes. Importantly, the ITO/Br-2PACz electrode was chemically stable, and after removal of the SAM it could be recycled and reused to construct fresh OPVs with equally impressive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbao Lin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunication, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jalan Sangkuriang Komplek LIPI Building 20 level 4, 40135, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dimitris Kaltsas
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Abdulrahman El-Labban
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik Faber
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dipti R Naphade
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yengel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yarali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neha Chaturvedi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kalaivanan Loganathan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Despoina Gkeka
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa H AlShammari
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Li W, Yarali E, Bakytbekov A, Anthopoulos TD, Shamim A. Highly transparent and conductive electrodes enabled by scalable printing-and-sintering of silver nanowires. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:395201. [PMID: 32531776 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9c53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have good promised for flexible and transparent electronics. However, It remains an open question on how to achieve large-scale printing of Ag NWs with high optical transparency, electrical conductivity, and mechanical durability for practical applications, though extensive research has been conducted for more than a decade. In this work, we propose a possible solution that integrates screen printing of Ag NWs with flash-light sintering (FLS). We demonstrate that the use of low-concentration, screen-printable Ag NW ink enables large-area and high-resolution patterning of Ag NWs. A critical advantage comes from the FLS process that allows low-temperature processing, short operational time, and high output rate-characteristics that fit the scalable manufacturing. Importantly, we show that the resultant Ag NW patterns feature low sheet resistance (1.1-9.2 Ohm sq-1), high transparency (75.2-92.6%), and thus a remarkable figure of merit comparable to state of the art. These outstanding properties of Ag NW patterns, together with the scalable fabrication method we propose, would facilitate many Ag NW-based applications, such as transparent heaters, stretchable displays, and wearable devices; here, we demonstrate the novel design of flexible and transparent radio frequency 5G antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- IMPACT Lab, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yarali
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955- 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azamat Bakytbekov
- IMPACT Lab, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955- 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Shamim
- IMPACT Lab, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Nugraha MI, Yarali E, Firdaus Y, Lin Y, El-Labban A, Gedda M, Lidorikis E, Yengel E, Faber H, Anthopoulos TD. Rapid Photonic Processing of High-Electron-Mobility PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:31591-31600. [PMID: 32564590 PMCID: PMC7467567 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in solution-processable semiconducting colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have enabled their use in a range of (opto)electronic devices. In most of these studies, device fabrication relied almost exclusively on thermal annealing to remove organic residues and enhance inter-CQD electronic coupling. Despite its widespread use, however, thermal annealing is a lengthy process, while its effectiveness to eliminate organic residues remains limited. Here, we exploit the use of xenon flash lamp sintering to post-treat solution-deposited layers of lead sulfide (PbS) CQDs and their application in n-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs). The process is simple, fast, and highly scalable and allows for efficient removal of organic residues while preserving both quantum confinement and high channel current modulation. Bottom-gate, top-contact PbS CQD TFTs incorporating SiO2 as the gate dielectric exhibit a maximum electron mobility of 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1, a value higher than that of control transistors (≈10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1) processed via thermal annealing for 30 min at 120 °C. Replacing SiO2 with a polymeric dielectric improves the transistor's channel interface, leading to a significant increase in electron mobility to 3.7 cm2 V-1 s-1. The present work highlights the potential of flash lamp annealing as a promising method for the rapid manufacture of PbS CQD-based (opto)electronic devices and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad I. Nugraha
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yarali
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman El-Labban
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murali Gedda
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elefterios Lidorikis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Emre Yengel
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik Faber
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Hallani RK, Moser M, Bristow H, Jenart MVC, Faber H, Neophytou M, Yarali E, Paterson AF, Anthopoulos TD, McCulloch I. Low-Temperature Cross-Linking Benzocyclobutene Based Polymer Dielectric for Organic Thin Film Transistors on Plastic Substrates. J Org Chem 2019; 85:277-283. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rawad K. Hallani
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Bristow
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maud V. C. Jenart
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Faber
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marios Neophytou
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yarali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandra F. Paterson
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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8
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Lin Y, Adilbekova B, Firdaus Y, Yengel E, Faber H, Sajjad M, Zheng X, Yarali E, Seitkhan A, Bakr OM, El-Labban A, Schwingenschlögl U, Tung V, McCulloch I, Laquai F, Anthopoulos TD. 17% Efficient Organic Solar Cells Based on Liquid Exfoliated WS 2 as a Replacement for PEDOT:PSS. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1902965. [PMID: 31566264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of liquid-exfoliated 2D transition metal disulfides (TMDs) as the hole transport layers (HTLs) in nonfullerene-based organic solar cells is reported. It is shown that solution processing of few-layer WS2 or MoS2 suspensions directly onto transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes changes their work function without the need for any further treatment. HTLs comprising WS2 are found to exhibit higher uniformity on ITO than those of MoS2 and consistently yield solar cells with superior power conversion efficiency (PCE), improved fill factor (FF), enhanced short-circuit current (JSC ), and lower series resistance than devices based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and MoS2 . Cells based on the ternary bulk-heterojunction PBDB-T-2F:Y6:PC71 BM with WS2 as the HTL exhibit the highest PCE of 17%, with an FF of 78%, open-circuit voltage of 0.84 V, and a JSC of 26 mA cm-2 . Analysis of the cells' optical and carrier recombination characteristics indicates that the enhanced performance is most likely attributed to a combination of favorable photonic structure and reduced bimolecular recombination losses in WS2 -based cells. The achieved PCE is the highest reported to date for organic solar cells comprised of 2D charge transport interlayers and highlights the potential of TMDs as inexpensive HTLs for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbao Lin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Begimai Adilbekova
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yengel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik Faber
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yarali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akmaral Seitkhan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman El-Labban
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Udo Schwingenschlögl
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent Tung
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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