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Bruze M, Marmgren V, Zimerson E, Antelmi A, Svedman C, Mowitz M. Contact allergy to oxidised geraniol may be over-represented in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen. Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:79-83. [PMID: 37840237 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous overrepresentations of contact allergies and photocontact allergies are common in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen. AIMS To investigate whether contact allergy to oxidised (ox.) geraniol, geraniol, geranial, neral and citral is overrepresented in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen. METHODS The contact allergy rates to ox. geraniol, geraniol, geranial, neral and citral in routinely patch tested dermatitis patients were compared with the corresponding rates in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen. RESULTS Allergic patch test reactions were noted to ox. geraniol 11% (n = 39, 5.8%), ox. geraniol 6% (n = 12, 1.8%), geraniol 6% (n = 2, 0.3%), geranial (n = 18, 2.7%), neral (n = 7, 1.0%) and citral (n = 15, 2.2%). In those four patients who were diagnosed with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen during the test period, a significant overrepresentation (p = 0.020) of simultaneous contact allergy to ox. geraniol 11% was demonstrated. Overrepresentation of simultaneous contact allergy to various combinations of ox. geraniol, ox. limonene and ox. linalool was also noted in ketoprofen-photoallergic patients. CONCLUSIONS Contact allergy to ox. geraniol, geranial and citral is common in routinely tested dermatitis patients. There is an overrepresentation of simultaneous contact allergy to ox. geraniol, ox. limonene and ox. linalool in patients with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Victoria Marmgren
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annarita Antelmi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Lejding T, Persson L, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Derevyanko L, Elsner P, Goh CL, Gonçalo M, Goossens A, Gülgün MA, Isaksson M, Ljubojevic Hadzavdic S, Maibach H, Matsunaga K, Mowitz M, Nixon R, Pailin P, Pratt M, Schuttelaar MLA, Sukakul T, Verma K, Zimerson E, Özkaya E, Svedman C. Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Cement Samples From Countries Within and Outside the EU: A Study From the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Dermatitis 2023; 34:323-328. [PMID: 37001151 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2022.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is often severe and difficult to treat. The content of Cr(VI) in cement can be reduced by, for example, addition of iron(II) sulfate. Since 2005 the content of Cr(VI) in cement is regulated in the EU Directive 2003/53/EC and must not exceed 2 ppm. Since this regulation came into force, ACD caused by cement has markedly been reduced. Objective: To investigate Cr(VI) and total chromium content in samples of cement from countries within and outside the EU. Methods: The members of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) were invited to participate in the study with the aim to collect cement samples from geographically different areas. The content of Cr(VI) in the samples was estimated by the diphenyl carbazide spot test, atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to assess the total chromium content. Results: Forty-five cement samples were analyzed, containing amounts of Cr(VI) from <0.1 to >70 ppm. Twenty-one samples contained >2 ppm Cr(VI), 24 contained less. Four of 17 samples from within the EU contained >2 ppm Cr(VI), that is, higher amounts than stipulated in the EU directive, as compared with 17 samples from countries outside the EU. Conclusion: In countries outside the EU, significantly more cement samples contained >2 ppm Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lejding
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Persson
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Klaus Ejner Andersen
- Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Magnus Bruze
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ludmyla Derevyanko
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Kyiv Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Peter Elsner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Margarida Gonçalo
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - An Goossens
- Department of Dermatology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mehmet Ali Gülgün
- Sabancı University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Tuzla-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Suzana Ljubojevic Hadzavdic
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Kišpatićeva, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Howard Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Martin Mowitz
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rosemary Nixon
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Melanie Pratt
- University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Thanisorn Sukakul
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kaushal Verma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Erik Zimerson
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Esen Özkaya
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Çapa-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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3
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Linauskiene K, Zimerson E, Sörensen Ö, Antelmi A, Bruze M, Dahlin J, Malinauskiene L, Stenton J, Svedman C, Isaksson M. Patch test results to extracts of synthetic garments in textile dye positive patients. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87:325-330. [PMID: 35818106 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disperse dyes (DDs) are the most prevalent causes of textile-related allergic contact dermatitis and are used for coloring synthetic textile materials based on fibers such as polyester, acrylic, acetate and polyamide. Eight DDs are included in a textile dye mix (TDM) 6.6% petrolatum (pet.) in the European baseline patch test series. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to patch test TDM 6.6% pet. Positive individuals with the extracts of synthetic fiber clothes that do not contain any of the pure DDs present in the TDM 6.6% to study the reactivity pattern. METHODS Seventy-three TDM-positive former patients tested between 2012-2017 at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology in Malmö, Sweden were invited to join the study, 10 participated. Twenty-four textile items (collected in 9 countries in Europe, Asia and North America in 2012) were extracted in dichloromethane. The TDM 6.6% was patch tested simultaneously with the 24 textile item preparations in petrolatum made from the extracts. Prior to patch testing the participants filled the 7-question questionnaire regarding possible symptoms from textile exposure. RESULTS Ten individuals, agreed to join the study. Eight of them reacted to TDM 6.6%. Nine participants reacted to 20 of 24 extracts. One reacted to 19 extracts, another to 14, 3 to 5 extracts, 1 to 4, 1 to 3 extracts and 2 to 2 extracts. One was negative to all tested preparations including TDM 6.6%. The participants mainly reacted to 6 textile extracts. All controls tested negatively to tested extracts. Four individuals of the 10 TDM-allergic individuals previously had had problems after wearing clothes. Four out of the 10 participants had had atopic eczema in childhood. All women had dyed their hair with permanent hair dyes but none of the males. CONCLUSION TDM - positive patients react to textile extracts made from synthetic garments, even if they do not contain any of the pure DDs present in TDM 6.6%. More studies are needed to pin-point the culprit haptens in these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotryna Linauskiene
- Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Lund University, Skane University Hospital Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Östen Sörensen
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annarita Antelmi
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jakob Dahlin
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Laura Malinauskiene
- Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Lund University, Skane University Hospital Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joanna Stenton
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
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4
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Marmgren V, Mowitz M, Zimerson E, Hindsén M, Bruze M. Contact allergy to fragrance mix I and its components in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:660-670. [PMID: 34414573 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact allergy to fragrance mix I (FM I) is over-represented in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen. The prevalence of contact allergy to two components of FM I, cinnamal and cinnamyl alcohol, in ketoprofen-photoallergic patients is higher than in dermatitis patients. OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of contact allergy to FM I and its individual components in patients with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen, and to compare with a dermatitis and the general population. METHODS Data on patch and photopatch tests performed between 2009-2018 were collected. Ketoprofen-photoallergic patients were compared with dermatitis patients and published data on the general population regarding the prevalence and the distribution of contact allergy to FM I and its components. RESULTS A higher prevalence of contact allergy to cinnamyl alcohol compared with cinnamal (23.3% vs 10.0%), and eugenol compared with isoeugenol (23.3% vs 6.7%), was observed in ketoprofen-photoallergic patients, while the relationship was the opposite in the dermatitis group (0.7% vs 1.05%; 0.4% vs 0.9%). The overall prevalence of contact allergy to several components of FM I was significantly higher in ketoprofen-photoallergic patients. CONCLUSIONS Contact allergy to FM I and many of its components is over-represented in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen compared with dermatitis patients and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Marmgren
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Monica Hindsén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Stenton J, Dahlin J, Antelmi A, Bruze M, Svedman C, Zimerson E, Hamnerius N, Pontén A, Isaksson M. Patch testing with a textile dye mix with and without Disperse Orange 3. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:387-390. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stenton
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Jakob Dahlin
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Annarita Antelmi
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Nils Hamnerius
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Ann Pontén
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
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6
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Antelmi A, Svedman C, Bruze M, Zimerson E, Aresta A, De Benedetto GE, Zambonin C, Vestita M, Romita P, Foti C. Photoallergic contact dermatitis caused by wooden catholic bracelets: A report of two cases. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:71-73. [PMID: 32219860 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Antelmi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Carlo Zambonin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Vestita
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Romita
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Foti
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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7
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Lundh K, Gruvberger B, Persson L, Hindsén M, Zimerson E, Svensson Å, Bruze M. Oral provocation of patients allergic to sesquiterpene lactones with German chamomile tea to demonstrate possible systemic allergic dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:8-18. [PMID: 32087031 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with contact allergy to Asteraceae plants are patch test positive to sesquiterpene lactone mix (SLM). There are several reports among these patients of a flare-up of hand eczema after ingestion of food and beverages originating from Asteraceae plants. AIM To investigate whether German chamomile tea can elicit systemic allergic dermatitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Individuals with or without contact allergy to SLM were patch tested with an extract of German chamomile tea. Six weeks later, they were provoked with capsules containing either freeze-dried German chamomile tea or placebo capsules containing lactose, in a double-blind, randomized study. A numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to ascertain the volunteers' opinion of their hand eczema status. The study individuals were examined to detect a possible flare-up of healed patch test reactions to chamomile. RESULTS None of the subjects had a flare-up of healed patch test reactions. According to the NRS, SLM-positive individuals experienced a significant worsening of hand eczema, independently of whether they received chamomile or lactose capsules. CONCLUSION No evidence suggestive of systemic allergic dermatitis was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Lundh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology, Halland Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Gruvberger
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Persson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Monica Hindsén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åke Svensson
- Department of Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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8
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Lejding T, Engfeldt M, Bruze M, Isaksson M, Svedman C, Zimerson E, Verma K, Mowitz M. Skin application of glutathione and iron sulfate can inhibit elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis from hexavalent chromium. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 82:45-53. [PMID: 31584201 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is often severe and difficult to treat. The most common source of exposure to Cr(VI) in Sweden used to be cement, and more recently leather. The contact allergy can be diminished or inhibited if the exposure is decreased or ceases. Barrier creams against different kinds of allergens have been investigated for their protective properties which may offer protection against Cr(VI) exposure. OBJECTIVES To investigate the capacity of formulas containing glutathione (GSH) and iron sulfate to inhibit elicitation of ACD in Cr(VI)-allergic individuals when exposed to Cr(VI). METHODS In 18 Cr(VI)-allergic volunteers the back was divided into eight patch test areas which were treated with preparations of possible barrier creams, prior to patch testing with a dilution series of potassium dichromate and a buffered extract of cement. RESULTS A significant reduction in reactivity to Cr(VI) and cement extract on skin treated with formulas containing GSH or iron sulfate was noticed, compared with untreated skin. CONCLUSION Formulas containing GSH or iron sulfate in barrier creams inhibit ACD in individuals allergic to Cr(VI) when applied before exposure to Cr(VI) and cement extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lejding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kaushal Verma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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9
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Lejding T, Engfeldt M, Bruze M, Isaksson M, Svedman LPC, Zimerson E, Mowitz M. Can reducing cosmetic substances help prevent chromate contact allergy? Contact Dermatitis 2019; 82:39-44. [PMID: 31652346 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis caused by Cr(VI) is often severe and difficult to treat. Therefore, primary prevention is a main goal but, secondary prevention can be valuable to ease the symptoms or prevent relapse of Cr(VI) dermatitis when sensitization has occurred. Barrier creams have been tried for many chemical substances, but until now there is no successful barrier cream against Cr(VI). OBJECTIVES To investigate the ability of reducing agents to transform Cr(VI) into Cr(III) in an experimental situation, in order to find suitable chemicals to investigate for possible use in a barrier cream. METHODS The capacity to reduce the amount of Cr(VI) was analyzed in water solutions of acetylcysteine, cysteine, dihydroxyacetone, glutathione, and iron sulfate heptahydrate. Thereafter the reducing capacity of acetylcysteine, dihydroxyacetone, glutathione, and iron sulfate on the amount of Cr(VI) in cement extracts was investigated. The content of Cr(VI) in the test solutions and in the cement extracts was estimated by the diphenyl carbazide spot test. RESULTS All of the chosen chemicals reduced the amount of Cr(VI) in the test solutions and in the cement extracts to some extent. The reducing capacity was most prominent for iron sulfate. CONCLUSION A reducing capacity was found for all chosen chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lejding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Persson Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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10
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Young E, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Giménez‐Arnau A, Ross‐Hansen K, Johansen JD, Madsen JT, Zimerson E, Svedman C. Twenty‐eight‐day follow‐up of patch test reactions to p‐phenylenediamine and p‐phenylenediamine dihydrochloride: A multicentre study on behalf of the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:1-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Young
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Klaus E. Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre Odense University Hospital, and Dermatological Investigations Scandinavia, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Ana Giménez‐Arnau
- Department of Dermatology Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Spain
| | - Katrine Ross‐Hansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark
| | - Jakob Torp Madsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre Odense University Hospital, and Dermatological Investigations Scandinavia, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
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11
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Linauskiene K, Zimerson E, Malinauskiene L, Isaksson M. Low amount of formaldehyde in topical medication and cosmetics: Is it clinically relevant? Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:60-61. [PMID: 30653674 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotryna Linauskiene
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Vilnius University, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Laura Malinauskiene
- Vilnius University, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Linauskienė K, Zimerson E, Antelmi A, Bruze M, Hagvall L, Hamnerius N, Hauksson I, Ryberg K, Isaksson M. Solvent Orange 60 is a potent contact sensitizer in occupational and everyday life. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 79:123-126. [PMID: 29845618 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solvent Orange (SO) 60 is a perinone-type dye that is often used in plastic materials such as spectacle frames and has been shown to cause contact allergy. The first case of SO 60 allergic contact dermatitis caused by spectacle frames was reported in 1999, and the second in 2011. We have recently seen 10 patients, of whom 6 developed dermatitis in the retroauricular/temporal area after wearing plastic spectacles. OBJECTIVES To report the cause of the dermatitis in the 10 patients and to describe our first case with occupational SO 60 contact allergy. METHODS In this retrospective study, patch test results of 10 patients, tested with the Swedish baseline series and our specific spectacle and/or plastic series, including SO 60 1.0% pet., in 2011-2017 were analysed. RESULTS Ten patients, 2 males and 8 females, aged 43 to 71 years, reacted positively to SO 60 1.0% pet., namely, 4 pensioners, 2 nurses, 1 office worker, 1 teacher, 1 shop assistant, and 1 unemployed person. Four of the patients had an atopic history. Patch test reactions varied from + to +++; some had spread >20 cm outside the test area in terms of erythematous, infiltrated skin with papules. Retesting of patient no. 1 with serial dilutions of SO 60 in acetone showed positive reactions down to 1 ppm. Three patients reacted to the extracts of their earpieces. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of SO 60 in 2 earpieces. CONCLUSIONS SO 60 should be included in any spectacle patch test series that may be used. If there is a strong suspicion of contact allergy to SO 60 before patch testing, lowering the test concentration from 1.0% to 0.01% should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotryna Linauskienė
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annarita Antelmi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lina Hagvall
- Department of Occupational Dermatology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Hamnerius
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Inese Hauksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Ryberg
- Department of Dermatology, Uddevalla Hospital, Uddevalla, Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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13
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Lejding T, Mowitz M, Isaksson M, Bruze M, Pontén A, Svedman C, Zimerson E, Engfeldt M. A retrospective investigation of hexavalent chromium allergy in southern Sweden. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 78:386-392. [PMID: 29572843 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, allergic contact dermatitis caused by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in cement was the most common cause of invalidity attributable to skin disease in Sweden. Since the legislation to reduce Cr(VI) in cement was introduced in 1989, we rarely see allergic contact dermatitis caused by cement. OBJECTIVES To examine the frequency of contact allergy to Cr(VI) in southern Sweden in 2005-2014. METHODS We investigated the occurrence of positive reactions to potassium dichromate 0.5% pet. in consecutively tested dermatitis patients, and compared the occurrence of atopic dermatitis, localization of dermatitis and simultaneous positive reactions to cobalt chloride and nickel sulfate in the Cr(VI)-positive patients with those in a group of patients with a similar age and sex distribution. RESULTS In total, 6482 patients were tested, and 233 Cr(VI)-allergic individuals were found (3.6%). A significantly higher proportion of atopic dermatitis was found among Cr(VI)-allergic patients, and a significantly higher share of foot dermatitis was found among Cr(VI)-allergic women, than among controls. Cr(VI) allergy was less likely when both nickel allergy and cobalt allergy were present. CONCLUSION A relatively high frequency of contact allergy to Cr(VI) was found. The cause has shifted from cement exposure to other exposures, probably mainly leather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lejding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ann Pontén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
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Verma KK, Zimerson E, Bruze M, Engfeldt M, Svedman C, Isaksson M. Is a high concentration of hexavalent chromium in Indian cement causing an increase in the frequency of cement dermatitis in India? Contact Dermatitis 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal K. Verma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Malmö Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Malmö Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Malmö Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Malmö Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Malmö Sweden
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15
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Hamada H, Zimerson E, Bruze M, Isaksson M, Engfeldt M. Sensitizing Capacities and Cross-Reactivity Patterns of Some Diisocyanates and Amines Using the Guinea-Pig Maximization Test. Can p-phenylenediamine be Used as a Marker for Diisocyanate Contact Allergy? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1874372201711010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Isocyanates are mainly considered respiratory allergens but can also cause contact allergy. Diphenylmethane-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-MDA) has been considered a marker for diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-MDI) contact allergy. Furthermore, overrepresentation of positive patch-test reactions top-phenylenediamine (PPD) in 4,4′-MDA positive patients have been reported.Objectives:To investigate the sensitizing capacities of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and PPD and the cross-reactivity of 4,4′-MDA, 2,4-TDI, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-DMDA), dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-DMDI), 4,4′-MDI and PPD.Methods:The Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) was used.Results:PPD was shown to be a strong sensitizer (p<0.001). Animals sensitized to PPD showed cross-reactivity to 4,4′-MDA (p<0.001). Animals sensitized to 4,4′-MDA did not show cross-reactivity to PPD. 8 animals sensitized to 2,4-TDI were sacrificed due to toxic reactions at the induction site and could thus not be fully evaluated.Conclusion:PPD was shown to be a strong sensitizer. However, it cannot be used as a marker for isocyanate contact allergy. On the other hand, positive reactions to 4,4′-MDA could indicate a PPD allergy. The intradermal induction concentration of 2,4-TDI (0.70% w/v) can induce strong local toxic reactions in guinea-pigs and should be lowered.
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16
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Siemund I, Mowitz M, Zimerson E, Bruze M, Hindsén M. Variation in aluminium patch test reactivity over time. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 77:288-296. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Siemund
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 221 85 Lund Sweden
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Monica Hindsén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
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Mowitz M, Svedman C, Zimerson E, Isaksson M, Pontén A, Bruze M. Simultaneous patch testing with fragrance mix I, fragrance mix II and their ingredients in southern Sweden between 2009 and 2015. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 77:280-287. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mowitz
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Ann Pontén
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
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18
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Hamada H, Bruze M, Zimerson E, Isaksson M, Engfeldt M. Sensitization and cross-reactivity patterns of contact allergy to diisocyanates and corresponding amines: investigation of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diamine, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, and dicylohexylmethane-4,4'-diamine. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 77:231-241. [PMID: 28555927 PMCID: PMC5599955 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Isocyanates are used in polyurethane production. Dermal exposure to isocyanates can induce contact allergy. The most common isocyanate is diphenylmethane diisocyanate used for industrial purposes. The isomer diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate (4,4′‐MDI) is used in patch testing. Diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diamine (4,4′‐MDA) is its corresponding amine. Concurrent reactions to 4,4′‐MDI and 4,4′‐MDA have been reported, as have concurrent reactions to 4,4′‐MDI and dicyclohexylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate (4,4′‐DMDI). Objectives To investigate the sensitization capacities and the cross‐reactivity of 4,4′‐MDI, 4,4′‐MDA, 4,4′‐DMDI, and dicyclohexylmethane‐4,4′‐diamine (4,4′‐DMDA). Methods The guinea‐pig maximization test (GPMT) was used. Results The GPMT showed sensitizing capacities for all investigated substances: 4,4′‐MDI, 4,4′‐MDA, 4,4′‐DMDI, and 4,4′‐DMDA (all p < 0.001). 4,4′‐MDI‐sensitized animals showed cross‐reactivity to 4,4′‐MDA (p < 0.001) and 4,4′‐DMDI (all p < 0.05). 4,4′‐MDA‐sensitized animals showed cross‐reactivity to 4,4′‐DMDA (p = 0.008). Conclusion All of the investigated substances were shown to be strong sensitizers. Animals sensitized to 4,4′‐MDI showed cross‐reactivity to 4,4′‐MDA and 4,4′‐DMDI, supporting previous findings in the literature. The aromatic amine 4,4′‐MDA showed cross‐reactivity to the aliphatic amine 4,4′‐DMDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Hamada
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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19
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Young E, Svedman C, Zimerson E, Engfeldt M, Bruze M. Is p-phenylenediamine (PPD) a better marker of contact allergy to PPD-based hair dyes than its salt PPD dihydrochloride? Contact Dermatitis 2017; 75:59-61. [PMID: 27264294 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Young
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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20
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Bruze M, Mowitz M, Zimerson E, Bergendorff O, Dahlin J, Engfeldt M, Isaksson M, Pontén A, Svedman C. No contact allergy to acrylic acid and methacrylic acid in routinely tested dermatitis patients. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 76:116-118. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Jakob Dahlin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Ann Pontén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
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Mowitz M, Zimerson E, Hauksson I, Pontén A. Chromate and amine contact allergies in workers manufacturing precast concrete elements. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 75:363-369. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö 205 02 Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö 205 02 Sweden
| | - Inese Hauksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö 205 02 Sweden
| | - Ann Pontén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö 205 02 Sweden
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22
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Young E, Zimerson E, Bruze M, Svedman C. Two sensitizing oxidation products of p-phenylenediamine patch tested in patients allergic to p-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 74:76-82. [PMID: 26579994 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results from a previous study indicated the presence of several possible sensitizers formed during oxidation of the potent sensitizer p-phenylenediamine (PPD) to which PPD-sensitized patients might react, in various patterns. OBJECTIVES To extract and analyse a yellow spot from a thin-layer chromatogram with oxidized PPD, to which 6 of 14 (43%) PPD-positive patients had reacted in a previous study, in order to identify potential sensitizer(s) and to patch test this/these substance(s) in the 14 PPD-positive patients. METHODS The yellow spot was extracted from a thin-layer chromatogram of oxidized PPD, and two substances, suspected to be allergens, were identified by analysis with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The 14 PPD-positive patients, who had been previously tested with the thin-layer chromatogram of oxidized PPD, participated in the investigation, and were tested with dilutions of the two substances. RESULTS GCMS analysis identified 4-nitroaniline and 4,4'-azodianiline in the yellow spot. Of the 14 PPD-positive test patients, 5 (36%) reacted to 4-nitroaniline and 9 (64%) reacted to 4,4'-azodianiline. CONCLUSION The results show that 4-nitroaniline and 4,4'-azodianiline, formed during oxidation of PPD, are potent sensitizers. PPD-sensitized patients react to a high extent to concentrations equimolar to PPD of 4-nitroaniline and 4,4'-azodianiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Young
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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23
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Ebbehøj NE, Agner T, Zimerson E, Bruze M. Outbreak of eczema and rhinitis in a group of office workers in Greenland. Int J Circumpolar Health 2015; 74:27919. [PMID: 26140387 PMCID: PMC4490802 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v74.27919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disturbed indoor climate may in some cases be associated with illness. In the present paper, we report the results from a thorough investigation of office workers in Greenland, who developed skin and/or airway problems after moving into renewed offices. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2009 the office of the Bank of Greenland had a total renovation of the building, including new furniture and carpets. Symptoms developed within the first year after moving back into the renewed buildings. After removal of carpets in the building, symptoms significantly improved. Workers were examined in 2009 and re-examined in 2013, including clinical examination, patch test and when relevant also skin prick tests and histamine release test. Isothiazolinones and fumarates, both able to cause airway as well as skin symptoms, were isolated from carpets before testing, and included in the test series. RESULTS In total, 32 out of 80 workers (40%) developed symptoms; 27 reported eczema, 20 rhinitis and 4 urticaria. Eczema was located on the hands and/or lower arms in 18 workers, on the face in 10 workers and on legs/trunk in 12 workers. After intervention in the office, 22 workers with eczema reported significant improvement, all cases of hand eczema cleared and 16 workers with rhinitis also improved. Positive patch tests to carpet extracts were found significantly more frequent in the worker cohort than in a control group comprising 47 dermatitis patients (p<0.001). Only few workers reacted with a positive response to skin prick test or in the HR test, no obvious pattern in reactions was found, and no conclusions can be made from these reactions. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the reported symptoms are related to exposures from the building after renovation in 2009. A specific triggering exposure could not be identified, although chemicals from the glued carpets are suspected. The study is an example of a work place investigation, and illustrates the diversity of symptoms and exposures involved in "Sick Building" cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels E Ebbehøj
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tove Agner
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmø, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmø, Sweden
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Foti C, Romita P, Rigano L, Zimerson E, Sicilia M, Ballini A, Ghizzoni O, Antelmi A, Angelini G, Bonamonte D, Bruze M. Isobornyl acrylate: an impurity in alkyl glucosides. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2015; 35:115-9. [PMID: 26095233 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1055495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alkyl glucosides and alkyl poly-glucosides are widely used as wetting agents, surfactants and emulsifiers in several industrial and cosmetic products. They are known as well-tolerated and are usually added to the primary surfactants in order to reduce the irritating potential of the main foaming agents. OBJECTIVE Recently, some authors suggested that allergic contact dermatitis to alkyl glucosides might be more frequent than suspected. On the other hand, the chemical structures of glucosides do not show potentially allergenic chemical groups or strongly polarized structures. The aim of our study is to investigate alkyl glucosides carrying out a detailed chemical analysis on samples of raw materials to identify potentially allergenic impurities or by-products contained in commercial samples of alkyl glucosides. MATERIALS AND METHODS We chemically analyzed samples of cocoyl glucoside, decyl glucoside and lauryl glucoside by three different analytical methods, in order to identify any undesired or polluting substances. RESULT In each of the three samples, we detected the presence of isobornyl acrylate. Its approximate content in the tested samples is 500 ng/g of the product. DISCUSSION Isobornyl acrylate is not used in the synthesis of alkyl glucosides, but as a plasticizer in many plastic materials. It can be easily released to materials flowing over these surfaces when they have high extraction power, as glucosides. CONCLUSION Isobornyl acrylate may play a role as hidden allergen, in the form of an impurity collected during the industrial process, explaining some cases of allergic reaction to alkyl glucosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Foti
- a Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology , Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Paolo Romita
- a Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology , Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Luigi Rigano
- b ISPE, Institute of Skin and Product Evaluation, Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Erik Zimerson
- c Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology , Malmö University Hospital, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Mattia Sicilia
- d GSC Laboratories, Olgiate Comasco , Como , Italy , and
| | - Andrea Ballini
- e Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Oscar Ghizzoni
- d GSC Laboratories, Olgiate Comasco , Como , Italy , and
| | - Annarita Antelmi
- c Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology , Malmö University Hospital, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Gianni Angelini
- a Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology , Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Domenico Bonamonte
- a Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology , Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Magnus Bruze
- c Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology , Malmö University Hospital, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
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Stenberg B, Bruze M, Zimerson E. Is p-tert
-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR) in TRUE Test® (Mekos test) sensitizing the tested patients? Contact Dermatitis 2015; 73:350-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berndt Stenberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venereology; Umeå University; 901 85 Umeå Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 214 28 Malmö Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 214 28 Malmö Sweden
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Febriana SA, Zimerson E, Svedman C, Haryadi W, Coenraads PJ, Schuttelaar MLA. Thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry examination of shoe materials from patients with shoe dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 72:248-52. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sri A. Febriana
- Department of Dermatology & Venereology; Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara; Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; SUS Malmö, University of Lund, Jan Waldenströmsgata, 20502; Malmö Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; SUS Malmö, University of Lund, Jan Waldenströmsgata, 20502; Malmö Sweden
| | - Winarto Haryadi
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara; Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Pieter-Jan Coenraads
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Louise A. Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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Antelmi A, Young E, Svedman C, Zimerson E, Engfeldt M, Foti C, Bruze M. Are gloves sufficiently protective when hairdressers are exposed to permanent hair dyes? An in vivo study. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 72:229-36. [PMID: 25407590 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of permanent hair dyes exposes hairdressers to contact allergens such as p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and the preventive measures are insufficient. OBJECTIVES To perform an in vivo test to study the protective effect of gloves commonly used by hairdressers. PATIENTS/MATERIALS/METHODS Six gloves from Sweden, Italy and Germany were studied: two vinyl, one natural rubber latex, two nitrile, and one polyethylene. The hair dye used for the provocation was a dark shade permanent dye containing PPD. The dye was mixed with hydrogen peroxide, and 8 PPD-sensitized volunteers were tested with the gloves as a membrane between the hair dye and the skin in a cylindrical open chamber system. Three exposure times (15, 30 and 60 min) were used. RESULTS Eczematous reactions were found when natural rubber latex, polyethylene and vinyl gloves were tested with the dye. The nitrile gloves gave good protection, even after 60 min of exposure to the hair dye. CONCLUSIONS Many protective gloves used by hairdressers are unsuitable for protection against the risk of elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis caused by PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Antelmi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 18, SE 20502, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Unit of Dermatology, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Mowitz M, Svedman C, Zimerson E, Bruze M. Fragrance patch tests prepared in advance may give false-negative reactions. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 71:289-94. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; SE-205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; SE-205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; SE-205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; SE-205 02 Malmö Sweden
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29
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Vanden Broecke K, Zimerson E, Bruze M, Goossens A. Severe allergic contact dermatitis caused by a rubber glove coated with a moisturizer. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 71:117-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; S-205 02x0 Malmö Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; S-205 02x0 Malmö Sweden
| | - An Goossens
- Department of Dermatology; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
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Mowitz M, Svedman C, Zimerson E, Bruze M. Usage tests of oak moss absolutes containing high and low levels of atranol and chloroatranol. Acta Derm Venereol 2014; 94:398-402. [PMID: 24287679 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atranol and chloroatranol are strong contact allergens in oak moss absolute, a lichen extract used in perfumery. Fifteen subjects with contact allergy to oak moss absolute underwent a repeated open application test (ROAT) using solutions of an untreated oak moss absolute (sample A) and an oak moss absolute with reduced content of atranol and chloroatranol (sample B). All subjects were in addition patch-tested with serial dilutions of samples A and B. Statistically significantly more subjects reacted to sample A than to sample B in the patch tests. No corresponding difference was observed in the ROAT, though there was a significant difference in the time required to elicit a positive reaction. Still, the ROAT indicates that the use of a cosmetic product containing oak moss absolute with reduced levels of atranol and chloroatranol is capable of eliciting an allergic reaction in previously sensitised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
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Svedman C, Zimerson E, Bruze M. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by benzanthrone in a pair of trousers. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 71:54-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; SUS Malmö, University of Lund; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; SUS Malmö, University of Lund; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; SUS Malmö, University of Lund; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
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Verhulst L, Persson L, Zimerson E, Bruze M, Vanden Broecke K, Goossens A. Palpebral eczematous dermatitis caused by nickel in an eye pencil. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 70:247-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lien Verhulst
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals K.U. Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Lena Persson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; SE-20502 Malmö Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; SE-20502 Malmö Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; SE-20502 Malmö Sweden
| | | | - An Goossens
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals K.U. Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
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Deswysen AC, Zimerson E, Goossens A, Bruze M, Baeck M. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by self-adhesive electrocardiography electrodes in an infant. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 69:379-81. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö SE-20502 Sweden
| | - An Goossens
- Dermatology Department; Katholiek Universiteit Leuven; Leuven B-3000 Belgium
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö SE-20502 Sweden
| | - Marie Baeck
- Dermatology Department; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc UCL; Brussels B-1200 Belgium
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Vanneste L, Persson L, Zimerson E, Bruze M, Luyckx R, Goossens A. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by methylisothiazolinone from different sources, including ‘mislabelled’ household wet wipes. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 69:311-2. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vanneste
- Department of Dermatology; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Leuven B-3000 Belgium
| | - Lena Persson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; Malmö S-205 02 Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; Malmö S-205 02 Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; Malmö S-205 02 Sweden
| | - Ruth Luyckx
- Department of Dermatology; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Leuven B-3000 Belgium
| | - An Goossens
- Department of Dermatology; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Leuven B-3000 Belgium
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35
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Mowitz M, Zimerson E, Svedman C, Bruze M. Patch testing with serial dilutions and thin-layer chromatograms of oak moss absolutes containing high and low levels of atranol and chloroatranol. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 69:342-9. [PMID: 24102141 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oak moss absolute (Evernia prunastri extract) contains a large number of substances, among them the potent allergens atranol and chloroatranol. Since 2008, their content in oak moss absolute has been restricted by the International Fragrance Association to a maximum level of 100 ppm each. OBJECTIVES To compare the elicitation capacities of a traditional (sample A) and a treated (sample B) oak moss absolute containing, in total, 27 000 and 66 ppm of atranol and chloroatranol, respectively, and to investigate reactions to components of oak moss absolute separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). METHODS Fifteen oak moss-allergic subjects were patch tested with serial dilutions and TLC strips of samples A and B. RESULTS Fifteen subjects reacted to sample A at concentrations ≤ 2.0%, and 2 subjects reacted to sample B at 2.0% but not to lower concentrations. Among 13 subjects reacting to the TLC strip of sample A, 11 reacted to spots with retardation factor values corresponding to those of atranol and/or chloroatranol, and 11 reacted to other areas on the TLC strip. Only one subject reacted to the TLC strip of sample B. CONCLUSIONS The patch test reactivity of sample B was significantly lower than that of sample A. The TLC patch tests indicate the presence of sensitizers other than atranol and chloroatranol in oak moss absolute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
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Isaksson M, Engfeldt M, Zimerson E, Bruze M. Contact allergy to two synthetic plastics in an orthopaedic engineer. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 69:257-9. [PMID: 24028786 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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Dahlin J, Engfeldt M, Svedman C, Mowitz M, Zimerson E, Isaksson M, Hindsén M, Bruze M. Chemical burns caused by trifluoroacetic acid. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 69:176-80. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Dahlin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; S-205 02; Malmö; Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; S-205 02; Malmö; Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; S-205 02; Malmö; Sweden
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; S-205 02; Malmö; Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; S-205 02; Malmö; Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; S-205 02; Malmö; Sweden
| | - Monica Hindsén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; S-205 02; Malmö; Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; S-205 02; Malmö; Sweden
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Malinauskiene L, Zimerson E, Bruze M, Ryberg K, Isaksson M. Sensitizing capacity of Disperse Orange 1 and its potential metabolites from azo reduction and their cross-reactivity pattern. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 69:40-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö; SE-20502; Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö; SE-20502; Sweden
| | | | - Marlene Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö; SE-20502; Sweden
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Petrolatum patch test preparations are for practical reasons often applied in test chambers in advance, several hours or even days before the patient is tested. As many fragrance compounds are volatile it may be suspected that petrolatum preparations applied in test chambers are not stable over time. OBJECTIVES To investigate the stability of petrolatum preparations of the seven chemically defined components in the fragrance mix (FM I) when stored in test chambers. METHODS Samples of petrolatum preparations applied in test chambers stored at room temperature and in a refrigerator for between 4 and 144 h were analysed using liquid chromatographic methods. RESULTS The concentration decreased by ≥ 20% within 8 h in four of seven preparations stored in Finn chambers at room temperature. When stored in a refrigerator only the preparation of cinnamal had decreased by ≥ 20% within 24 h. The stability of preparations of cinnamal stored in IQ chambers with a plastic cover was slightly better, but like the preparations applied in Finn chambers, the concentration decreased by ≥ 20% within 4 h at room temperature and within 24 h in a refrigerator. Cinnamal and cinnamyl alcohol were found to be more stable when analysed as ingredients in FM I compared with when analysed in individual preparations. CONCLUSIONS Within a couple of hours several fragrance allergens evaporate from test chambers to an extent that may affect the outcome of the patch test. Application to the test chambers should be performed as close to the patch test occasion as possible and storage in a refrigerator is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.
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Malinauskiene L, Bruze M, Ryberg K, Zimerson E, Isaksson M. Contact allergy from disperse dyes in textiles-a review. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 68:65-75. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Engfeldt M, Isaksson M, Zimerson E, Bruze M. Several cases of work-related allergic contact dermatitis caused by isocyanates at a company manufacturing heat exchangers. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 68:175-80. [PMID: 23046053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 43-year-old woman was referred by her occupational health service with suspected occupational contact dermatitis. In connection with the investigation, a workplace visit was undertaken at her company, which used an adhesive based on pre-polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate in one of its units. During the visit, we became aware of six other employees with skin problems who were then referred to our department for investigation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the seven employees complaining about skin problems. METHODS Seven employees were patch tested with a baseline series, an isocyanate series, and a series with work material. RESULTS Five of seven patients had occupational contact allergy. Four reacted to isocyanate-related test preparations, and one to a cleanser used at the workplace. CONCLUSIONS Workplace visits constitute an important part of an occupational investigation, as they might give a broader picture of the problems at a company. In this case, it was found that 5 of 100 employees currently had or had previously had occupation-related skin problems. Owing to 'healthy worker selection', some of these patients might have been missed if we had not performed a full-scale workplace visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Engfeldt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
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Malinauskiene L, Zimerson E, Bruze M, Ryberg K, Isaksson M. Textile dyes Disperse Orange 1 and Yellow 3 contain more than one allergen as shown by patch testing with thin-layer chromatograms. Dermatitis 2012; 22:335-43. [PMID: 22653007 DOI: 10.2310/6620.2011.11043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that some patch-test preparations containing disperse dyes contain impurities with unknown relevance for the development or elicitation of contact allergy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the significance of the impurities found in the commercial dyes Disperse Orange 1 (DO1) and Disperse Yellow 3 (DY3) regarding contact allergy in patients with known sensitivity to them. METHODS Ten patients allergic to DY3 and/or DO1 were tested with a dilution series of commercial and purified DY3 and DO1 (with water-soluble parts prepared from the commercial dyes) and with naphthalene sulfonate. Nine patients were additionally tested with thin-layer chromatograms (TLCs) made from the commercial DO1 and DY3 and with paper chromatograms made from the water-soluble part of these dyes. RESULTS Eight of nine and three of six patients tested positively to the TLCs of DO1 and DY3, respectively. Among them, 4 of 8 and 2 of 3 patients, respectively, were positive also to another spot on the TLCs. One patient was positive to the paper chromatogram from the water-soluble part of DO1. None of the tested patients reacted to naphthalene sulfonate. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that there are more relevant allergens in the fat-soluble and water-soluble fractions of the commercial disperse dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Malinauskiene
- Vilnius University Antakalnio Hospital Allergy Center, Antakalnio 124, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Engfeldt M, Goossens A, Isaksson M, Zimerson E, Bruze M. The outcome of 9 years of consecutive patch testing with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 68:98-102. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Goon ATJ, Bruze M, Zimerson E, Goossens A, Goh CL, Isaksson M. High frequency of false-positive reactions in attempted patch testing with acrylate/methacrylate mixes. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 67:157-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Malinauskiene L, Zimerson E, Bruze M, Ryberg K, Isaksson M. Patch testing with the textile dyes Disperse Orange 1 and Disperse Yellow 3 and some of their potential metabolites, and simultaneous reactions to para-amino compounds. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 67:130-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hamann C, Zimerson E, Hamann D, Laugesen L, Carlsson B, Nathansen C, Hamann C, Bruze M. Concentration variability of potent allergens of p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR) in patch test preparations and commercially available PTBP-FR. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:761-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hamada H, Isaksson M, Bruze M, Engfeldt M, Liljelind I, Axelsson S, Jönsson B, Tinnerberg H, Zimerson E. Dermal uptake study with 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate led to active sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 66:101-5. [PMID: 22092061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the dermal uptake of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI), a study was performed in which 2 female volunteers were exposed to 10 and 25 mg, respectively, of 4,4'-MDI by applying 2.0% 4,4'-MDI in petrolatum over areas where the surface concentration corresponded to 800 µg/cm(2) . Ten days later, they developed eczematous dermatitis at the area of application. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the dermal application caused active sensitization to 4,4'-MDI. METHODS Chemical analysis of the 4,4'-MDI preparation used in the application and the amount of 4,4'-MDI not absorbed by the skin was performed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volunteers were tested with serial dilutions of 4,4'-MDI and the potentially cross-reacting substances 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4'-MDA), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (DMDI). RESULTS Patch test results suggested that the volunteers were actively sensitized to 4,4'-MDI following the dermal uptake study, as they reacted positively to 4,4'-MDA, a marker for 4,4'-MDI allergy. No positive reactions were seen to PPD or DMDI. Chemical investigation confirmed that the correct concentration had been used for the dermal uptake study, and showed that about 70% of the applied 4,4'-MDI was not absorbed. CONCLUSIONS A dermal uptake study with 4,4'-MDI in 2.0% pet. with an occlusion time of 8 hr induced active sensitization to 4,4'-MDI and subsequently to 4,4'-MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Hamada
- Department of Occupational and Enviromental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
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Ryberg K, Goossens A, Isaksson M, Gruvberger B, Zimerson E, Bruze M. Patch testing with a textile dye mix in a baseline series in two countries. Acta Derm Venereol 2011; 91:422-7. [PMID: 21547346 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disperse dyes are the most common contact sensitizers among textile dyes. The main aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of patch testing with a textile dye mix 6.6%. A total of 2,049 patients from Sweden and 497 from Belgium were tested with the mix, consisting of Disperse (D) Blue 35, D Yellow 3, D Orange 1 and 3, D Red 1 and 17, 1.0% each, and D Blue 106 and D Blue 124, 0.3% each. Of the total number, 65 patients, 2.6%, tested positively to the mix, 4.2% of the Belgian patients and 2.1% of the Swedish patients. Patch testing with the mix 6.6% revealed significantly more patients with contact allergy compared with testing with a previous mix 3.2% (p < 0.01). Contact allergy to the mix was significantly more common in the Belgian than in the Swedish patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ryberg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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