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Pang G, Pardoux E. Multi-patch epidemic models with general exposed and infectious periods. ESAIM-PROBAB STAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/ps/2023003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We study multi-patch epidemic models where individuals may migrate from one patch to another in either of the susceptible, exposed/latent, infectious and recovered states. We assume that infections occur both locally with a rate that depends on the patch as well as ``from distance" from all the other patches. The exposed and infectious periods have general distributions, and are not affected by the possible migrations of the individuals. The migration processes in either of the three states are assumed to be Markovian, and independent of the exposed and infectious periods. We establish a functional law of large number (FLLN) and a function central limit theorem (FCLT) for the susceptible, exposed/latent, infectious and recovered processes. In the FLLN, the limit is determined by a set of Volterra integral equations. In the special case of deterministic exposed and infectious periods, the limit becomes a system of ODEs with delays. In the FCLT, the limit is given by a set of stochastic Volterra integral equations driven by a sum of independent Brownian motions and continuous Gaussian processes with an explicit covariance structure.
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Dramé I, Pardoux E. Approximation of the height process of a continuous state branching process with interaction. Theor Probability and Math Statist 2021. [DOI: 10.1090/tpms/1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li Z, Pardoux E, Wakolbinger A. The Height Process of a Continuous-State Branching Process with Interaction. J THEOR PROBAB 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10959-020-01054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pardoux E. Moderate deviations and extinction of an epidemic. ELECTRON J PROBAB 2020. [DOI: 10.1214/20-ejp428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pardoux E, Samegni-Kepgnou B. Large deviations of the exit measure through a characteristic boundary for a Poisson driven SDE. ESAIM-PROBAB STAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/ps/2019031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Let O be the basin of attraction of a given equilibrium of a dynamical system, whose solution is the law of large numbers limit of the solution of a Poissonian SDE as the size of the population tends to +∞. We consider the law of the exit point from O of that Poissonian SDE. We adapt the approach of Day [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 147 (1990) 134–153] who studied the same problem for an ODE with a small Brownian perturbation. For that purpose, we will use the large deviations principle for the Poissonian SDE reflected at the boundary of O, studied in our recent work Pardoux and Samegni [Stoch. Anal. Appl. 37 (2019) 836–864]. The main motivation of this work is the extension of the results concerning the time of exit from the set O established in Kratz and Pardoux [Vol. 2215 of Lecture Notes in Math.. Springer (2018) 221–327] and Pardoux and Samegni [J. Appl. Probab. 54 (2017) 905–920] to unbounded open sets O. This is done in sections 4.2.5 and 4.2.7 of Britton and Pardoux [Vol. 2255 of Lecture Notes in Math. Springer (2019) 1–120], see also The SIR model with demography subsection below.
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Nassar E, Pardoux E. Small jumps asymptotic of the moving optimum Poissonian SDE. Stoch Process Their Appl 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.spa.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Di Cristofaro J, Karlmark KR, Kanaan SB, Azzouz DF, El Haddad M, Hubert L, Farge-Bancel D, Granel B, Harlé JR, Hachulla E, Pardoux E, Roudier J, Picard C, Lambert NC. Soluble HLA-G Expression Inversely Correlates With Fetal Microchimerism Levels in Peripheral Blood From Women With Scleroderma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1685. [PMID: 30158921 PMCID: PMC6104483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with scleroderma (SSc) maintain significantly higher quantities of persisting fetal microchimerism (FMc) from complete or incomplete pregnancies in their peripheral blood compared to healthy women. The non-classical class-I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule HLA-G plays a pivotal role for the implantation and maintenance of pregnancy and has often been investigated in offspring from women with pregnancy complications. However data show that maternal HLA-G polymorphisms as well as maternal soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) expression could influence pregnancy outcome. Here, we aimed to investigate the underlying role of maternal sHLA-G expression and HLA-G polymorphisms on the persistence of FMc. We measured sHLA-G levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in plasma samples from 88 healthy women and 74 women with SSc. Male Mc was quantified by DYS14 real-time PCR in blood samples from 58 women who had previously given birth to at least one male child. Furthermore, eight HLA-G 5'URR/3'UTR polymorphisms, previously described as influencing HLA-G expression, were performed on DNA samples from 96 healthy women and 106 women with SSc. Peripheral sHLA-G was at lower concentration in plasma from SSc (76.2 ± 48.3 IU/mL) compared to healthy women (117.5 ± 60.1 IU/mL, p < 0.0001), independently of clinical subtypes, autoantibody profiles, disease duration, or treatments. Moreover, sHLA-G levels were inversely correlated to FMc quantities (Spearman correlation, p < 0.01). Finally, women with SSc had lower sHLA-G independently of the eight HLA-G 5'URR/3'UTR polymorphisms, although they were statistically more often homozygous than heterozygous for HLA-G polymorphism genotypes -716 (G/T), -201 (G/A), 14 bp (ins/del), and +3,142 (G/A) than healthy women. In conclusion, women with SSc display less sHLA-G expression independently of the eight HLA-G polymorphisms tested. This decreased production correlates with higher quantities of persisting FMc commonly observed in blood from SSc women. These results shed some lights on the contribution of the maternal HLA-G protein to long-term persistent fetal Mc and initiate new perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Di Cristofaro
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, "Biologie des Groupes Sanguins", Marseille, France
| | - Karlin R Karlmark
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France
| | - Sami B Kanaan
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France
| | - Doua F Azzouz
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France
| | - Marina El Haddad
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France
| | - Lucas Hubert
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, EFS-Alpes Méditerranée, Marseille, France.,Antibody Therapeutics and Immunotargeting, CRCM, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,UM 105, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Farge-Bancel
- Unité de Médecine Interne Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire (UF 04) Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Maladies auto-immunes systémiques Rares d'Île-de-France, FAI2R, EA 3518, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Granel
- UMR-S 1076 Endothélium, Pathologies Vasculaires et Cibles Thérapeutiques - Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, Pôle de Médecine Interne, Centre de Compétence PACA Ouest pour la prise en charge des maladies autoimmunes systémiques, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Robert Harlé
- AP-HM, Pôle de Médecine Interne, Centre de Compétence PACA Ouest pour la prise en charge des maladies autoimmunes systémiques, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Hachulla
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre National de Référence de la Sclérodermie Systémique, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Etienne Pardoux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Roudier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France.,Rhumatologie, IML, AP-HM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Picard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, "Biologie des Groupes Sanguins", Marseille, France.,Immunogenetics Laboratory, EFS-Alpes Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie C Lambert
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France
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Kopp M, Nassar E, Pardoux E. Phenotypic lag and population extinction in the moving-optimum model: insights from a small-jumps limit. J Math Biol 2018; 77:1431-1458. [PMID: 29980824 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-018-1258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Continuous environmental change-such as slowly rising temperatures-may create permanent maladaptation of natural populations: Even if a population adapts evolutionarily, its mean phenotype will usually lag behind the phenotype favored in the current environment, and if the resulting phenotypic lag becomes too large, the population risks extinction. We analyze this scenario using a moving-optimum model, in which one or more quantitative traits are under stabilizing selection towards an optimal value that increases at a constant rate. We have recently shown that, in the limit of infinitely small mutations and high mutation rate, the evolution of the phenotypic lag converges to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process around a long-term equilibrium value. Both the mean and the variance of this equilibrium lag have simple analytical formulas. Here, we study the properties of this limit and compare it to simulations of an evolving population with finite mutational effects. We find that the "small-jumps limit" provides a reasonable approximation, provided the mean lag is so large that the optimum cannot be reached by a single mutation. This is the case for fast environmental change and/or weak selection. Our analysis also provides insights into population extinction: Even if the mean lag is small enough to allow a positive growth rate, stochastic fluctuations of the lag will eventually cause extinction. We show that the time until this event follows an exponential distribution, whose mean depends strongly on a composite parameter that relates the speed of environmental change to the adaptive potential of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kopp
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 3, France.
| | - Elma Nassar
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 3, France.,Lebanese American University, Beirut Campus, P.O. Box 13-5053, Chouran Beirut, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Etienne Pardoux
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 3, France
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Bahlali K, Elouaflin A, Pardoux E. Averaging for BSDEs with null recurrent fast component. Application to homogenization in a non periodic media. Stoch Process Their Appl 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.spa.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fotsa–Mbogne DJ, Pardoux E. Nonlinear filtering with degenerate noise. Electron Commun Probab 2017. [DOI: 10.1214/17-ecp74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
We study the bijection between binary Galton-Watson trees in continuous time and their exploration process, both in the subcritical and in the supercritical cases. We then take the limit over renormalized quantities, as the size of the population tends to ∞. We thus deduce Delmas' generalization of the second Ray-Knight theorem.
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Ba M, Pardoux E. Branching processes with interaction and a generalized Ray–Knight Theorem. Ann Inst H Poincaré Probab Statist 2015. [DOI: 10.1214/14-aihp621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Khalifa O, Balandraud N, Lambert N, Martin M, Senechal A, Genevieve D, Picard C, Lefranc G, M’madi B, Pardoux E, Mahjoub T, Apparailly F. A2.30 Common variants on XQ28 conferring risk for rheumatoid arthritis in Tunisian and French populations. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207259.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Vi L, Pardoux E. Height and the total mass of the forest of genealogical trees of a large population with general competition. ESAIM-PROBAB STAT 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/ps/2014019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Balandraud N, Picard C, Reviron D, Landais C, Toussirot E, Lambert N, Telle E, Charpin C, Wendling D, Pardoux E, Auger I, Roudier J. HLA-DRB1 genotypes and the risk of developing anti citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64108. [PMID: 23737967 PMCID: PMC3667843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a table indicating the risk for developing anti citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to one's HLA-DRB1 genotype. METHODS We HLA-DRB1 genotyped 857 patients with ACPA positive RA and 2178 controls from South Eastern and Eastern France and calculated Odds Ratios (OR) for developing RA for 106 of 132 possible genotypes accounting for 97% of subjects. RESULTS HLA-DRB1 genotypic ORs for developing ACPA positive RA range from 28 to 0.19. HLA-DRB1 genotypes with HLA-DRB1*04SE (HLA-DRB1*0404, HLA-DRB1*0405, HLA-DRB1*0408), HLA-DRB1*04∶01, HLA-DRB1*01 are usually associated with high risk for developing RA. The second HLA-DRB1 allele in genotype somewhat modulates shared epitope associated risk. We did not identify any absolutely protective allele. Neither the Reviron, nor the du Montcel models accurately explains our data which are compatible with the shared epitope hypothesis and suggest a dosage effect among shared epitope positive HLA-DRB1 alleles, double dose genotypes carrying higher ORs than single dose genotypes. CONCLUSION HLA-DRB1 genotypic risk for developing ACPA positive RA is influenced by both HLA-DRB1 alleles in genotype. We provide an HLA-DRB1 genotypic risk table for ACPA positive RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Balandraud
- Rhumatologie, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1097, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Picard
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique et d'Histocompatibilité, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Reviron
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique et d'Histocompatibilité, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Landais
- Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6632, Équipe Évolution Biologique et Modélisation, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Toussirot
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 506, Hôpital Saint Jacques, Besançon, France
- Rhumatologie, Hôpital Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - Nathalie Lambert
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1097, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Telle
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1097, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Charpin
- Rhumatologie, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1097, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Etienne Pardoux
- Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6632, Équipe Évolution Biologique et Modélisation, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Auger
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1097, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Roudier
- Rhumatologie, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1097, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Grusea S, Pardoux E, Chabrol O, Pontarotti P. Compound Poisson Approximation and Testing for Gene Clusters with Multigene Families. J Comput Biol 2011; 18:579-94. [DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2010.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Grusea
- LATP–UMR CNRS 6632, Équipe Évolution Biologique et Modélisation, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, INSA de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - E. Pardoux
- LATP–UMR CNRS 6632, Équipe Évolution Biologique et Modélisation, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
| | - O. Chabrol
- LATP–UMR CNRS 6632, Équipe Évolution Biologique et Modélisation, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
| | - P. Pontarotti
- LATP–UMR CNRS 6632, Équipe Évolution Biologique et Modélisation, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
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Pardoux E, Wakolbinger A. From Brownian motion with a local time drift to Feller's branching diffusion with logistic growth. Electron Commun Probab 2011. [DOI: 10.1214/ecp.v16-1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Leocard S, Pardoux E. Evolution of the ancestral recombination graph along the genome in case of selective sweep. J Math Biol 2010; 61:819-41. [PMID: 20077118 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-009-0321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We consider the genome of a sample of n individuals taken at the end of a selective sweep, which is the fixation of an advantageous allele in the population. When the selective advantage is high, the genealogy at a locus under selective sweep can be approximated by a comb with n teeth. However, because of recombinations during the selective sweep, the hitchhiking effect decreases as the distance from the selected site increases, so that far from this locus, the tree can be approximated by a Kingman coalescent tree, as in the neutral case. We first give the distribution of the tree at a given locus. Then we focus on the evolution of this tree along the genome. Since this tree-valued process is not Markovian, we study the evolution of the Ancestral Recombination Graph along the genome in case of selective sweep.
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Abstract
The goal of this paper is to provide formulae for the expectation and variance of the height and length of the ancestral recombination graph (ARG). While the formula for the expectation of the height is known (see, e.g. Krone and Neuhauser (1997)), the other formulae seem to be new. We obtain in particular (see Theorem 4.1) a very simple formula which expresses the expectation of the length of the ARG as a linear combination of the expectations of both the length of the coalescent tree and the height of the ARG. Finally, we study the speed at which the ARG comes down from infinity.
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El Karoui N, Kapoudjian C, Pardoux E, Peng S, Quenez MC. Reflected solutions of backward SDE's, and related obstacle problems for PDE's. ANN PROBAB 1997. [DOI: 10.1214/aop/1024404416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gyöngy I, Pardoux E. On the regularization effect of space-time white noise on quasi-linear parabolic partial differential equations. Probab Theory Relat Fields 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01199321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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