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Őrfi Z, Meggyesi N, Varga L, Bors A, Gopcsa L, Paksi M, Lakatos V, Kállay K, Kriván G, Jónás A, Tordai A, Vályi-Nagy I, Reményi P, Andrikovics H. [Detection of microchimerism with high sensitivity droplet digital PCR technique and its significance in monitoring of hematopoietic stem cell transplanted patients]. Orv Hetil 2024; 165:297-308. [PMID: 38402532 DOI: 10.1556/650.2024.32995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Őrfi
- 1 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Molekuláris Genetikai Laboratórium Budapest, Albert Flórián út 5-7., 1097 Magyarország
| | - Nóra Meggyesi
- 1 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Molekuláris Genetikai Laboratórium Budapest, Albert Flórián út 5-7., 1097 Magyarország
| | - Lívia Varga
- 1 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Molekuláris Genetikai Laboratórium Budapest, Albert Flórián út 5-7., 1097 Magyarország
| | - András Bors
- 1 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Molekuláris Genetikai Laboratórium Budapest, Albert Flórián út 5-7., 1097 Magyarország
| | - László Gopcsa
- 2 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Hematológiai és Őssejt-transzplantációs Osztály Budapest Magyarország
| | - Melinda Paksi
- 2 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Hematológiai és Őssejt-transzplantációs Osztály Budapest Magyarország
| | - Viktor Lakatos
- 2 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Hematológiai és Őssejt-transzplantációs Osztály Budapest Magyarország
| | - Krisztián Kállay
- 3 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Gyermekhematológiai és Őssejt-transzplantációs Osztály Budapest Magyarország
| | - Gergely Kriván
- 3 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Gyermekhematológiai és Őssejt-transzplantációs Osztály Budapest Magyarország
| | - Alexa Jónás
- 4 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Transzfuziológiai Tanszék Budapest Magyarország
| | - Attila Tordai
- 4 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Transzfuziológiai Tanszék Budapest Magyarország
| | - István Vályi-Nagy
- 2 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Hematológiai és Őssejt-transzplantációs Osztály Budapest Magyarország
| | - Péter Reményi
- 2 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Hematológiai és Őssejt-transzplantációs Osztály Budapest Magyarország
| | - Hajnalka Andrikovics
- 1 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Molekuláris Genetikai Laboratórium Budapest, Albert Flórián út 5-7., 1097 Magyarország
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Sengupta J, Kroneis T, Boddy AM, Roy R, Sarkar A, Sarkar D, Ghosh D, Huppertz B. Sperm intrusion into the implantation-stage blastocyst and its potential biological significance. Evol Med Public Health 2023; 12:1-6. [PMID: 38234421 PMCID: PMC10790733 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The human embryo derives from fusion of oocyte and sperm, undergoes growth and differentiation, resulting in a blastocyst. To initiate implantation, the blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida, allowing access from external inputs. Modelling of uterine sperm distribution indicates that 200-5000 sperm cells may reach the implantation-stage blastocyst following natural coitus. We show ultrastructural evidence of sperm cells intruding into trophectoderm cells of zona-free blastocysts obtained from the uterus of rhesus monkeys. Interaction between additional sperm and zona-free blastocyst could be an evolutionary feature yielding adaptive processes influencing the developmental fate of embryos. This process bears potential implications in pregnancy success, sperm competition and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasree Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology & Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Amy M Boddy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Roy
- Theoretical Statistics and Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anish Sarkar
- Theoretical Statistics and Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepayan Sarkar
- Theoretical Statistics and Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Debabrata Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology & Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Lintao RCV, Kammala AK, Radnaa E, Bettayeb M, Vincent KL, Patrikeev I, Yaklic J, Bonney EA, Menon R. Characterization of fetal microchimeric immune cells in mouse maternal hearts during physiologic and pathologic pregnancies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1256945. [PMID: 37808080 PMCID: PMC10556483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1256945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: During pregnancy, fetal cells can be incorporated into maternal tissues (fetal microchimerism), where they can persist postpartum. Whether these fetal cells are beneficial or detrimental to maternal health is unknown. This study aimed to characterize fetal microchimeric immune cells in the maternal heart during pregnancy and postpartum, and to identify differences in these fetal microchimeric subpopulations between normal and pregnancies complicated by spontaneous preterm induced by ascending infection. Methods: A Cre reporter mouse model, which when mated with wild-type C57BL/6J females resulted in cells and tissues of progeny expressing red fluorescent protein tandem dimer Tomato (mT+), was used to detect fetal microchimeric cells. On embryonic day (E)15, 104 colony-forming units (CFU) E. coli was administered intravaginally to mimic ascending infection, with delivery on or before E18.5 considered as preterm delivery. A subset of pregnant mice was sacrificed at E16 and postpartum day 28 to harvest maternal hearts. Heart tissues were processed for immunofluorescence microscopy and high-dimensional mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) using an antibody panel of immune cell markers. Changes in cardiac physiologic parameters were measured up to 60 days postpartum via two-dimensional echocardiography. Results: Intravaginal E. coli administration resulted in preterm delivery of live pups in 70% of the cases. mT + expressing cells were detected in maternal uterus and heart, implying that fetal cells can migrate to different maternal compartments. During ascending infection, more fetal antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and less fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and fetal double-positive (DP) thymocytes were observed in maternal hearts at E16 compared to normal pregnancy. These HSCs were cleared while DP thymocytes persisted 28 days postpartum following an ascending infection. No significant changes in cardiac physiologic parameters were observed postpartum except a trend in lowering the ejection fraction rate in preterm delivered mothers. Conclusion: Both normal pregnancy and ascending infection revealed distinct compositions of fetal microchimeric immune cells within the maternal heart, which could potentially influence the maternal cardiac microenvironment via (1) modulation of cardiac reverse modeling processes by fetal stem cells, and (2) differential responses to recognition of fetal APCs by maternal T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. V. Lintao
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ananth Kumar Kammala
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mohamed Bettayeb
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Kathleen L. Vincent
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Igor Patrikeev
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jerome Yaklic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
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Dmitrenko B, Gatinois V, D’Ottavi M, El Mouatani A, Bouret P, Debiesse S, Mondain M, Akkari M, Dallemagne M, Pellestor F, Perre PV, Molès JP. Quantification of Female Chimeric Cells in the Tonsils of Male Children and Their Determinants. Cells 2023; 12:2116. [PMID: 37626925 PMCID: PMC10453410 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The factors influencing mother-to-child cell trafficking and persistence over children's lives have yet to be established. The quantification of maternal microchimerism was previously reported through HLA-based approaches, which introduced bias regarding the tolerogenic environment. We aimed to identify cells of maternal origin irrespective of the HLA repertoire and to ascertain the determinants of microchimeric cells. This case-control study enrolled 40 male infants attending pediatric surgery from January 2022 to October 2022. Female cells were quantified in infants' tonsil tissue by using cytogenetic fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) coupled with optimized automated microscopy. Out of the 40 infants, half (47.4%) had been breastfed for more than one month, a quarter for less a month, and 10 children (26.3%) were never breastfed. XX cells were observed in male tonsils in two-thirds of participants at a median density of 5 cells per 100,000 cells. In univariate analyses, child age was negatively associated with a high female cell density. In exploratory multivariate analyses, previous breastfeeding is a likely determinant of the persistence of these cells in the host, as well as the rank among siblings. Part of the benefit of breastmilk for child health may therefore be driven by breastfeeding-related microchimerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Dmitrenko
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (B.D.); (M.D.); (S.D.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Vincent Gatinois
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHRU, 34090 Montpellier, France; (V.G.); (A.E.M.); (P.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Morgana D’Ottavi
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (B.D.); (M.D.); (S.D.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Ahmed El Mouatani
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHRU, 34090 Montpellier, France; (V.G.); (A.E.M.); (P.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Pauline Bouret
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHRU, 34090 Montpellier, France; (V.G.); (A.E.M.); (P.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Ségolène Debiesse
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (B.D.); (M.D.); (S.D.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Michel Mondain
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.M.); (M.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohamed Akkari
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.M.); (M.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Maxime Dallemagne
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.M.); (M.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Franck Pellestor
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHRU, 34090 Montpellier, France; (V.G.); (A.E.M.); (P.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Philippe Vande Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (B.D.); (M.D.); (S.D.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Molès
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (B.D.); (M.D.); (S.D.); (P.V.P.)
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Jhelum H, Bender M, Reichart B, Mokelke M, Radan J, Neumann E, Krabben L, Abicht JM, Kaufer B, Längin M, Denner J. Evidence for Microchimerism in Baboon Recipients of Pig Hearts. Viruses 2023; 15:1618. [PMID: 37515304 PMCID: PMC10385208 DOI: 10.3390/v15071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation, like allotransplantation, is usually associated with microchimerism, i.e., the presence of cells from the donor in the recipient. Microchimerism was reported in first xenotransplantation trials in humans, as well as in most preclinical trials in nonhuman primates (for review, see Denner, Viruses 2023, 15, 190). When using pigs as xenotransplantation donors, their cells contain porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) in their genome. This makes it difficult to discriminate between microchimerism and PERV infection of the recipient. Here, we demonstrate the appropriate virological methods to be used for the identification of microchimerism, first by screening for porcine cellular genes, and then how to detect infection of the host. Using porcine short interspersed nuclear sequences (SINEs), which have hundreds of thousands of copies in the pig genome, significantly increased the sensitivity of the screening for pig cells. Second, absence of PERV RNA demonstrated an absence of viral genomic RNA or expression as mRNA. Lastly, absence of antibodies against PERV proteins conclusively demonstrated an absence of a PERV infection. When applying these methods for analyzing baboons after pig heart transplantation, microchimerism could be demonstrated and infection excluded in all animals. These methods can be used in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Jhelum
- Institut of Virology, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Bender
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maren Mokelke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Radan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Krabben
- Institut of Virology, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kaufer
- Institut of Virology, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Längin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Denner
- Institut of Virology, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Rendina M, Barone M, Lillo C, Trapani S, Masiero L, Trerotoli P, Puoti F, Lupo LG, Tandoi F, Agnes S, Grieco A, Andorno E, Marenco S, Giannini EG, Baccarani U, Toniutto P, Carraro A, Colecchia A, Cescon M, Morelli MC, Cillo U, Burra P, Angeli P, Colledan M, Fagiuoli S, De Carlis L, Belli L, De Simone P, Carrai P, Di Benedetto F, De Maria N, Ettorre GM, Giannelli V, Gruttadauria S, Volpes R, Corsale S, Mazzaferro V, Bhoori S, Romagnoli R, Martini S, Rossi G, Caccamo L, Donato MF, Rossi M, Ginanni Corradini S, Spada M, Maggiore G, Tisone G, Lenci I, Vennarecci G, Tortora R, Vivarelli M, Svegliati Baroni G, Zamboni F, Mameli L, Tafuri S, Simone S, Gesualdo L, Cardillo M, Di Leo A. The Italian data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in transplanted patients support an organ specific immune response in liver recipients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203854. [PMID: 37469512 PMCID: PMC10352984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study of immune response to SARSCoV-2 infection in different solid organ transplant settings represents an opportunity for clarifying the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system. In our nationwide registry study from Italy, we specifically evaluated, during the first wave pandemic, i.e., in non-vaccinated patients, COVID-19 prevalence of infection, mortality, and lethality in liver transplant recipients (LTRs), using non-liver solid transplant recipients (NL-SOTRs) and the Italian general population (GP) as comparators. Methods Case collection started from February 21 to June 22, 2020, using the data from the National Institute of Health and National Transplant Center, whereas the data analysis was performed on September 30, 2020.To compare the sex- and age-adjusted distribution of infection, mortality, and lethality in LTRs, NL-SOTRs, and Italian GP we applied an indirect standardization method to determine the standardized rate. Results Among the 43,983 Italian SOTRs with a functioning graft, LTRs accounted for 14,168 patients, of whom 89 were SARS-CoV-2 infected. In the 29,815 NL-SOTRs, 361 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were observed. The geographical distribution of the disease was highly variable across the different Italian regions. The standardized rate of infection, mortality, and lethality rates in LTRs resulted lower compared to NL-SOTRs [1.02 (95%CI 0.81-1.23) vs. 2.01 (95%CI 1.8-2.2); 1.0 (95%CI 0.5-1.5) vs. 4.5 (95%CI 3.6-5.3); 1.6 (95%CI 0.7-2.4) vs. 2.8 (95%CI 2.2-3.3), respectively] and comparable to the Italian GP. Discussion According to the most recent studies on SOTRs and SARS-CoV-2 infection, our data strongly suggest that, in contrast to what was observed in NL-SOTRs receiving a similar immunosuppressive therapy, LTRs have the same risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, mortality, and lethality observed in the general population. These results suggest an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTRS that is different from NL-SOTRs, probably related to the ability of the grafted liver to induce immunotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rendina
- Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital Policlinico of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine - Ionian Area-, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Lillo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine - Ionian Area-, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Trapani
- Italian National Transplant Center, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Masiero
- Italian National Transplant Center, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Section of Statistics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Puoti
- Italian National Transplant Center, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Giovanni Lupo
- General Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine - Ionian Area-, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Tandoi
- General Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine - Ionian Area-, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Agnes
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale e Trapianti di Organo, Policlinico Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Grieco
- U.O.C. Medicina Interna e del Trapianto di Fegato, Policlinico Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Enzo Andorno
- Chirurgia dei Trapianti di Fegato, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Marenco
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Baccarani
- Centro Trapianto di Fegato, A.O.U.I. Udine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Toniutto
- U.S.D. Epatologia e Trapianto di Fegato, A.O.U.I. Udine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Colecchia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Chirurgia Epatobiliare e dei Trapianti, IRCCS, A.O.U. di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Morelli
- Internal Medicine Unit for the Treatment of Severe Organ Failure, IRCCS, A.O.U. di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University-Teaching Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, University-Teaching Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Angeli
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), University-Teaching Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Colledan
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale III, Centro Trapianti Fegato, A.S.S.T. Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stefano Fagiuoli
- Gastroenterology Hepatology and Transplantation Unit, A.S.S.T. Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
- Gastroenterologia, Department of Medicine University of Milan Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Luciano De Carlis
- Chirurgia Generale dei Trapianti, Azienda Ospedaliera Niguarda Ca’Granda, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Belli
- U.O.C. Epatologia e Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Niguarda Ca’Granda, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo De Simone
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Epatica e Trapianti di Fegato, A.O.U. Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Carrai
- U.O. Chirurgia Epatica e del Trapianto di Fegato, A.O.U. Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Benedetto
- U.O.C. di Chirurgia Oncologica Epatobiliopancreatica e Chirurgia dei Trapianti di Fegato, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Università di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola De Maria
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale e Trapianti, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Giannelli
- Hepatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Volpes
- Unità di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, IRCCS-ISMETT-UPMCI, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sveva Corsale
- Unità di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, IRCCS-ISMETT-UPMCI, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaferro
- Hepato-pancreatic-biliary surgery and Liver transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sherrie Bhoori
- Hepato-pancreatic-biliary surgery and Liver transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Romagnoli
- Chirurgia Generale 2, Centro Trapianto Fegato A.O.U Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Martini
- Gastroenteroly Unit, A.O.U Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Rossi
- Division of General and Liver Transplant Surgery, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucio Caccamo
- Division of General and Liver Transplant Surgery, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Donato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Rossi
- U.O.C. di Chirurgia Generale e Trapianti di Organo, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Spada
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Liver and Kidney Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maggiore
- Hepatogastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy, Nutrition and Liver Transplantation Unit, Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tisone
- Liver Transplant Unit, A.O.U. Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Tor Vergata Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lenci
- Hepatology Unit, A.O.U. Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Tor Vergata Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vennarecci
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Tranplantation Surgery, A.O.R.N. “A. CARDARELLI”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Vivarelli
- Chirurgia Epatobiliare, Pancreatica e dei Trapianti, A.O.U., Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Fausto Zamboni
- General and Hepatic Transplantation Surgery Unit, AO.B. G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Mameli
- General and Hepatic Transplantation Surgery Unit, AO.B. G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Simone
- Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine - Ionian Area-, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine - Ionian Area-, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Cardillo
- Italian National Transplant Center, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine - Ionian Area-, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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7
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Sieńko J, Kotowski M, Czarnecka W, Podkówka A, Tejchman K, Kotfis K, Zeair S, Czajkowski Z, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Microchimerism as Post-Transplant Marker of a Chronic Rejection Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10603. [PMID: 37445781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of losing a transplanted organ is high, and non-invasive markers to warn of this phenomenon are still being sought. We investigated the impact of post-transplant microchimerism on the function of the transplanted kidney. The study included 100 kidney transplant recipients, mostly women. All transplanted organs were from opposite-sex deceased donors. Microchimerism was assessed using multiplex PCR. Male DNA was detected in all urine samples from female recipients and in 13/56 blood samples from female kidney recipients. Female DNA was found in 31/44 urine samples from male recipients, but in none of the blood samples. Microchimerism in the urine of female recipients correlated positively with blood urea (Rs = 0.45; p = 5.84 × 10-4) and K+ ions (Rs = 0.29; p = 0.03), while microchimerism in the blood of female recipients also correlated positively with blood urea (Rs = 0. 28; p = 0.04), cystatin C (Rs = 0.31; p = 0.02) and the number of incompatible HLA alleles (Rs = 0.42; p = 0.01). A history of DGF was associated with higher urinary donor DNA concentrations in female recipients.: Post-transplant microchimerism may serve as a potential marker of chronic kidney rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Sieńko
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Kotowski
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Czarnecka
- Scientific Circle at Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Albert Podkówka
- Scientific Circle at Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karol Tejchman
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Samir Zeair
- General and Transplant Surgery Ward with Sub-Departments of Pomeranian Regional Hospital in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zenon Czajkowski
- Department of Intensive Care, Pomeranian Regional Hospital in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland
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8
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Tartagni MV, Graziottin A. The love-shaper: role of the foetus in modulating mother-child attachment through stem cell migration to the maternal brain. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37293833 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2023.2216326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foetal PAPCs (pregnancy-associated progenitor cells) begin to cross the placenta in a scheduled manner from early pregnancy and colonise many maternal organs, both in mammals and humans, during each pregnancy. The maternal limbic system appears to be colonised with a 100% frequency when compared with other maternal organs. Once they arrive in the limbic system, foetal PAPCs differentiate into neurons and glial cells, resulting in the formation of new synapses with and among maternal neurons. This process is accompanied by major structural neurobiological alterations orchestrated by hormonal changes characteristic of gestation and involves the limbic system, reward areas, and other closely connected brain structures, i.e., the same areas colonised by foetal PAPCs. OBJECTIVE To correlate findings regarding microscopic and macroscopic changes induced by foetal stem cell migration into the maternal limbic system and hormonal surges during pregnancy with the biological basis of mother-child attachment dynamics, with a focus on the clinical implications this discovery has for normal, complicated, and assisted pregnancies. EVIDENCE REVIEW A literature review of evidence regarding the neuroanatomical correlation between the targeted, colonising migration of foetal PAPCs into the maternal brain and the structural neurobiological alterations within the affective areas related to attachment and reward was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a synergic effect of cellular and morphological changes, with a common biological aim of conferring an adaptive advantage in motherhood, and with the foetus playing a surprisingly active role in modulating the mother's ability to love and care for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Valerio Tartagni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Spitalregion Fürstenland Toggenburg, Wil, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Graziottin
- Center of Gynecology and Medical Sexology, H. San Raffaele Resnati, Milan, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Verona University, Italy
- Specialty School, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Department, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Graziottin Foundation for the Cure and Care of Pain in Women- NPO, Milan, Italy
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9
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Kotb MA, Ieiri S, Shehata SM. Editorial: Elimination of biliary atresia. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1202727. [PMID: 37284287 PMCID: PMC10241068 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1202727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magd Ahmed Kotb
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Satoshi Ieiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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10
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McCartney SA, Kolarova T, Kanaan SB, Chae A, Laughney CI, Nelson JL, Gammill HS, Shree R. Increased fetal microchimerism in immune and stem cell subsets in preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13666. [PMID: 36482289 PMCID: PMC10413445 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with an increased risk of maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, it is unclear whether this is due to shared underlying physiology or changes which occur during the disease process. Fetal microchimerism (FMc) within the maternal circulation can durably persist decades after pregnancy, is known to occur at greater frequency in PE, and can potentially affect local and systemic immune programming, thus changes in cellular FMc may provide a mechanism for long-term health outcomes associated with PE. METHOD OF STUDY We investigated whether PE is associated with alterations in FMc immune and stem cell populations. We analyzed maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from PE cases (n = 16) and matched controls from normal pregnancies (n = 16), from which immune and stem cell subsets were isolated by flow cytometry. Genomic DNA was extracted from total PMBC and individual cell subsets, and FMc frequency was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays targeting a fetal-specific non-shared polymorphism identified from family genotyping. RESULTS There was a significant increase in FMc concentration in immune cell subsets in PE cases compared to controls, predominantly in B cell, and NK cell lymphocyte populations. There was no significant difference in FMc frequency or concentration within the stem cell population between PE and controls. CONCLUSIONS The altered concentrations of immune cells within FMc in the maternal blood provides a potential mechanism for the inflammation which occurs during PE to induce long-lasting changes to the maternal immune system and may potentially promote chronic maternal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A McCartney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Teodora Kolarova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sami B Kanaan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Angel Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caitlin I Laughney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J Lee Nelson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hilary S Gammill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Raj Shree
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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11
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Bianchi A, Aprile M, Schirò G, Gasparro C, Iacono S, Andolina M, Marrale M, Gattuso I, La Tona G, Midiri M, Gagliardo C, Salemi G, Ragonese P. Microchimerism in multiple sclerosis: The association between sex of offspring and MRI features in women with multiple sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1091955. [PMID: 36824218 PMCID: PMC9941336 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1091955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims During pregnancy, fetal cells can migrate to the mother via blood circulation. A percentage of these cells survive in maternal tissues for decades generating a population of fetal microchimeric cells (fMCs), whose biological role is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the sex of offspring, an indirect marker of fMCs, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in women with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods We recruited 26 nulliparous MS patients (NPp), 20 patients with at least one male son (XYp), and 8 patients with only daughters (XXp). Each patient underwent brain MR scan to acquire 3D-T2w FLAIR FatSat and 3D-T1w FSPGR/TFE. Lesion Segmentation Tool (LST) and FreeSurfer were used to obtain quantitative data from MRI. Additional data were collected using medical records. Multiple regression models were applied to evaluate the association between sex of offspring and MS data. Results Comparing NPp and XXp, we found that NPp had larger 4th ventricle volume (2.02 ± 0.59 vs. 1.70 ± 0.41; p = 0.022), smaller left entorhinal volume (0.55 ± 0.17 vs. 0.68 ± 0.25; p = 0.028), and lower thickness in the following cortical areas: left paracentral (2.34 ± 0.16 vs. 2.39 ± 0.17; p = 0.043), left precuneus (2.27 ± 0.11 vs. 2.34 ± 0.16; p = 0.046), right lateral occipital (2.14 ± 0.11 vs. 2.25 ± 0.08; p = 0.006). NPp also had lower thickness in left paracentral cortex (2.34 ± 0.16 vs. 2.46 ± 0.17; p = 0.004), left precalcarine cortex (1.64 ± 0.14 vs. 1.72 ± 0.12; p = 0.041), and right paracentral cortex (2.34 ± 0.17 vs. 2.42 ± 0.14; p = 0.015) when compared to XYp. Comparing XYp and XXp, we found that XYp had higher thickness in left cuneus (1.80 ± 0.14 vs. 1.93 ± 0.10; p = 0.042) and left pericalcarine areas (1.59 ± 0.19 vs. 1.72 ± 0.12; p = 0.032) and lower thickness in right lateral occipital cortex (2.25 ± 0.08 vs. 2.18 ± 0.13; p = 0.027). Discussion Our findings suggested an association between the sex of offspring and brain atrophy. Considering the sex of offspring as an indirect marker of fMCs, we speculated that fMCs could accumulate in different brain areas modulating MS neuropathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bianchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Alessia Bianchi,
| | - Maria Aprile
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schirò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Gasparro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iacono
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Andolina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene Gattuso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Tona
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Midiri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare Gagliardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salemi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Ragonese
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Microchimerism is the presence of cells in an individual that have originated from a genetically distinct individual. The most common form of microchimerism is fetomaternal microchimerism, i.e., cells from a fetus pass through the placenta and establish cell lineages within the mother. Microchimerism was also described after the transplantation of human organs in human recipients. Consequently, microchimerism may also be expected in xenotransplantation using pig cells or organs. Indeed, microchimerism was described in patients after xenotransplantations as well as in non-human primates after the transplantation of pig organs. Here, for the first time, a comprehensive review of microchimerism in xenotransplantation is given. Since pig cells contain porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) in their genome, the detection of proviral DNA in transplant recipients may be misinterpreted as an infection of the recipient with PERV. To prevent this, methods discriminating between infection and microchimerism are described. This knowledge will be important for the interpretation of screening results in forthcoming human xenotransplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Denner
- Institute of Virology, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Wan X, Bao L, Ma G, Long T, Li H, Zhang Y, Jiang H. Tolerogenic dendritic cells alleviate collagen-induced arthritis by forming microchimerism and affecting the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1980-1992. [PMID: 36213961 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) have the potential to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by inducing immune tolerance. However, the mechanism of intervention needs further study. Here, we investigated whether tolDCs formed microchimerism and their effect on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules after infusion of tolDCs into rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). TolDCs derived from male SD rats were labeled with fluorescence and infused into female CIA rats. The fluorescence signals as well as the sex-determining region of Y-chromosome (SRY) gene revealed that tolDCs formed microchimerism in the mesenteric lymph nodes and ankle joints. We further explored the effect of tolDCs on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in mesenteric lymph nodes and ankle joints. For stimulatory immune checkpoint molecules, the expressions of CD86 and CD40 decreased in mesenteric lymph nodes, and the expressions of CD40, CD40L, CD28, CD80, and CD86 also decreased in rat ankle joints. In contrast, the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule PDL1 increased in mesenteric lymph nodes, and PD1, PDL1, and CTLA4 increased in ankle joints. In conclusion, our results suggested that intervention of tolDCs in CIA is associated with the formation of microchimerism and the effect on immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Wan
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lunmin Bao
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, People' Hospital of Anshun City, Anshun, China
| | - Guilan Ma
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guiyang Second people's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Tiaoyu Long
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Honghong Li
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yundong Zhang
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, People' Hospital of Anshun City, Anshun, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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14
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Ribeiro RSDA, Demarque KC, Figueiredo Júnior I, Ferreira IMDESR, Valeriano JDP, Verícimo MA. Do Fetal Microchimeric Cells Influence Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis? Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:781-793. [PMID: 34678109 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2021.1994067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We investigated the presence and influence of fetal microchimerism in the cardiac tissue of mated female mice submitted to experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Materials and methods: Nulliparous BALB/c females and BALB/c females mated with either BALB/c males (syngeneic mating) or C57BL/6 males (allogeneic mating) were immunized with cardiac myosin peptide MyHC-α614-629 or kept as non-immunized controls. Immunization occurred 6-8 weeks after delivery and mice were assessed after 21 days. Results: Immunized mice of allogeneic mating had a lower production of anti-MyHC-α614-629 antibodies compared to immunized nulliparous mice. Immunized nulliparous females had an intense mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in cardiac tissue, associated with fibroplasia, while mated females had a lower inflammatory reaction. An increase in the frequency of microchimeric fetal cells was observed in mice submitted to allogeneic mating following immunization. Conclusion: Allogeneic cells of fetal origin could contribute to mitigating the inflammatory response in experimental myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stefan de Almeida Ribeiro
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Israel Figueiredo Júnior
- Maternal and Child Department, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Jessica do Prado Valeriano
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Maurício Afonso Verícimo
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
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15
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Cai B, Wang Y, Lei Y, Shi Y, Sun Q, Qiao J, Hu K, Lei Y, Li B, Liu T, Liu Z, Yao B, Zhao X, Li X, Zhao W, Feng X, Xie A, Ning X, Feng M, Zhao W, Guo J, Ai H, Yu C, Guo M. Hyper-CVAD-Based Stem Cell Microtransplant as Post-Remission Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1113-1122. [PMID: 36181762 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-remission strategies for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are limited to the multiagent chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT), and cellular therapies are seldom involved. Although chemotherapy combined with mismatched granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell infusion (microtransplant, MST) has been studied in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, its efficacy in ALL is still undetermined. We enrolled 48 patients receiving hyper-CVAD-based MST between July 1, 2009, and January 31, 2018. No acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease occurred in patients receiving MST. Four-year overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) were 62% and 35%, respectively, and the 4-year relapse rate was 65%. No patient experienced non-relapse mortality. Subgroup analysis showed that OS rates were comparable between groups with different age, risk stratification, minimal residual disease status prior to MST and immunophenotype. Adult patients tended to achieve better 4-year LFS (62% vs. 26%, P = .058) and lower hematologic relapse rate (38% vs. 74%, P = .058) compared with adolescent and young adult patients. Donor chimerism/microchimerism was detectable ranging from 0.002% to 42.78% in 78% (42/54) available samples within 14 days after each infusion and at 3 months or one year after the last cell infusion. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that white blood cells <30 × 109/L at diagnosis and sufficient hyper-CVAD cycles were prognostic factors for better 4-year OS and LFS, while the B-cell phenotype and higher number of infused CD34+ cells in the first cycle were predictors for favorable 4-year LFS. The hyper-CVAD-based MST was a feasible strategy for treating ALL patients with mild toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cai
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Lei
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Shi
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Qiao
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixun Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqing Lei
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxia Li
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yao
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuecong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujie Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Anli Xie
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ning
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Guo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huisheng Ai
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlin Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Murrieta-Coxca JM, Fuentes-Zacarias P, Ospina-Prieto S, Markert UR, Morales-Prieto DM. Synergies of Extracellular Vesicles and Microchimerism in Promoting Immunotolerance During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837281. [PMID: 35844513 PMCID: PMC9285877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of biological identity has been traditionally a central issue in immunology. The assumption that entities foreign to a specific organism should be rejected by its immune system, while self-entities do not trigger an immune response is challenged by the expanded immunotolerance observed in pregnancy. To explain this "immunological paradox", as it was first called by Sir Peter Medawar, several mechanisms have been described in the last decades. Among them, the intentional transfer and retention of small amounts of cells between a mother and her child have gained back attention. These microchimeric cells contribute to expanding allotolerance in both organisms and enhancing genetic fitness, but they could also provoke aberrant alloimmune activation. Understanding the mechanisms used by microchimeric cells to exert their function in pregnancy has proven to be challenging as per definition they are extremely rare. Profiting from studies in the field of transplantation and cancer research, a synergistic effect of microchimerism and cellular communication based on the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has begun to be unveiled. EVs are already known to play a pivotal role in feto-maternal tolerance by transferring cargo from fetal to maternal immune cells to reshape their function. A further aspect of EVs is their function in antigen presentation either directly or on the surface of recipient cells. Here, we review the current understanding of microchimerism in the feto-maternal tolerance during human pregnancy and the potential role of EVs in mediating the allorecognition and tropism of microchimeric cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Udo R. Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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17
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Matsagos S, Verigou E, Kourakli A, Alexis S, Vrakas S, Argyropoulou C, Lazaris V, Spyropoulou P, Labropoulou V, Georgara N, Lykouresi M, Karakantza M, Alepi C, Symeonidis A. High Frequency of Post-Transfusion Microchimerism Among Multi-Transfused Beta-Thalassemic Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:845490. [PMID: 35252277 PMCID: PMC8888870 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.845490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transfusion-associated microchimerism implies the presence of allogeneic hematopoietic cells in an individual, following the transfusion of a blood product. It is a transfusion-related adverse effect/long-term consequence, which has not been well-investigated among regularly transfused patients with thalassemia. Patients and Methods We investigated 64 regularly transfused, homozygous β-thalassemic patients and 21 never-transfused healthy volunteer blood donors (controls) for the presence of microchimerism in their sera, using real-time PCR targeting circulating allogeneic, both, Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) and non-HLA alleles. The investigation was longitudinally repeated in patient subsets for more than 2 years. Results were correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters, peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotype, blood storage time, and donor's gender to identify potential contributing factors for microchimerism generation. Results Overall, microchimerism was detected in 52 of the 64 patients (81.2%) and in 6 of the 21 controls (28.5%, p = 0.0001). Forty-four patients (68.7%) exhibited long-term microchimerism (persisted for more than 6 months), confirmed at all time-points investigated. Microchimerism was more frequent among elderly, women, splenectomized and more heavily transfused patients, and among those who exhibit higher serum ferritin levels. In these patients, a distinct descending pattern of CD16dim+CD56dim+ natural killer (NK)-cells (p < 0.001) and an ascending pattern of CD4+CD25brightCD127– regulatory T-cells (p = 0.022) for increasing allelic burden were noticed, suggesting the establishment of recipient immune tolerance against the donor-derived chimeric alleles. Both splenectomized and non-splenectomized thalassemic patients exhibited the same trend. The storage time of transfused blood products and donor/gender mismatch had no impact on the development of microchimerism. Discussion-Conclusive Remarks Transfusion-associated microchimerism appears to be a very common complication among multi-transfused thalassemic patients. The potential clinical consequences of this phenomenon remain as yet unclear. Immune tolerance attributed to disease itself and to repeated transfusions might at least in part explain its appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Matsagos
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, "Tzaneion" General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.,Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Evgenia Verigou
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Alexandra Kourakli
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Spyridon Alexis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Spyridon Vrakas
- Gastroenterology Department, "Tzaneion" General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Constantina Argyropoulou
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasileios Lazaris
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiota Spyropoulou
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, "Tzaneion" General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Labropoulou
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Nicoletta Georgara
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, University Regional General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Lykouresi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, "Tzaneion" General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Marina Karakantza
- Haematology and Transfusion Department, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Leeds Teaching, Hospital Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chrysoula Alepi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, "Tzaneion" General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
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18
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Engels G, Döhler B, Tönshoff B, Oh J, Kruchen A, Müller I, Süsal C. Maternal versus paternal living kidney transplant donation is associated with lower rejection in young pediatric recipients: A Collaborative Transplant Study report. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14154. [PMID: 34612565 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 1700 children per year with end-stage kidney disease undergo kidney transplantation in Europe and the United States of America; 30%-50% are living donor kidney transplantations. There may be immunological differences between paternal and maternal donors due to transplacental exchange of cells between the mother and fetus during pregnancy leading to microchimerism. We investigated whether the outcome of living-related kidney transplantation in young children is different after maternal compared with paternal organ donation. METHODS Using the international Collaborative Transplant Study (CTS) database, we analyzed epidemiological data of 7247 children and adolescents aged <18 years who had received a kidney transplant from either mother or father. Risk of treated rejection episodes and death-censored graft failure were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS In the recipient age group 1-4 years, the rate of treated rejection episodes in recipients of kidneys from maternal donors (N = 195) during the first 2 years post-transplant was significantly lower (hazard ratio HR = 0.47, p = .004) than in patients receiving kidneys from paternal donors (N = 179). This association between donor sex and risk of treated rejections was not observed in children aged 5-9 years. The 5-year death-censored graft survival in children aged 1-4 years with a maternal or paternal donor was comparable. CONCLUSIONS Maternal kidney donation in young pediatric renal transplant recipients is associated with an approximately 50% lower rate of treated rejection than paternal kidney donation. Whether this phenomenon is due to maternal microchimerism-induced donor-specific hyporesponsiveness must be evaluated in prospective mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Engels
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Döhler
- Institute of Immunology, Transplantation Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kruchen
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Müller
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caner Süsal
- Institute of Immunology, Transplantation Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Simon N, Shallat J, Houck J, Jagannathan P, Prahl M, Muhindo MK, Kakuru A, Olwoch P, Feeney ME, Harrington WE. Peripheral Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Early Pregnancy Is Associated With Increased Maternal Microchimerism in the Offspring. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:2105-2112. [PMID: 34010401 PMCID: PMC8672744 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental malaria has been associated with increased cord blood maternal microchimerism (MMc), which in turn may affect susceptibility to malaria in the offspring. We sought to determine the impact of maternal peripheral Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia during pregnancy on MMc and to determine whether maternal cells expand during primary parasitemia in the offspring. METHODS We conducted a nested cohort study of maternal-infant pairs from a prior pregnancy malaria chemoprevention study. Maternal microchimerism was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting a maternal-specific marker in genomic DNA from cord blood, first P falciparum parasitemia, and preparasitemia. Logistic and negative binomial regression were used to assess the impact of maternal peripheral parasitemia, symptomatic malaria, and placental malaria on cord blood MMc. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess predictors of MMc during infancy. RESULTS Early maternal parasitemia was associated with increased detection of cord blood MMc (adjusted odds ratio = 3.91, P = .03), whereas late parasitemia, symptomatic malaria, and placental malaria were not. The first parasitemia episode in the infant was not associated with increased MMc relative to preparasitemia. CONCLUSIONS Maternal parasitemia early in pregnancy may increase the amount of MMc acquired by the fetus. Future work should investigate the impact of this MMc on immune responses in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Simon
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jaclyn Shallat
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Houck
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Mary Prahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary K Muhindo
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abel Kakuru
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Olwoch
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Whitney E Harrington
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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20
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Pitz Jacobsen D, Fjeldstad HE, Johnsen GM, Fosheim IK, Moe K, Alnæs-Katjavivi P, Dechend R, Sugulle M, Staff AC. Acute Atherosis Lesions at the Fetal-Maternal Border: Current Knowledge and Implications for Maternal Cardiovascular Health. Front Immunol 2021; 12:791606. [PMID: 34970270 PMCID: PMC8712939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Decidua basalis, the endometrium of pregnancy, is an important interface between maternal and fetal tissues, made up of both maternal and fetal cells. Acute atherosis is a uteroplacental spiral artery lesion. These patchy arterial wall lesions containing foam cells are predominantly found in the decidua basalis, at the tips of the maternal arteries, where they feed into the placental intervillous space. Acute atherosis is prevalent in preeclampsia and other obstetric syndromes such as fetal growth restriction. Causal factors and effects of acute atherosis remain uncertain. This is in part because decidua basalis is challenging to sample systematically and in large amounts following delivery. We summarize our decidua basalis vacuum suction method, which facilitates tissue-based studies of acute atherosis. We also describe our evidence-based research definition of acute atherosis. Here, we comprehensively review the existing literature on acute atherosis, its underlying mechanisms and possible short- and long-term effects. We propose that multiple pathways leading to decidual vascular inflammation may promote acute atherosis formation, with or without poor spiral artery remodeling and/or preeclampsia. These include maternal alloreactivity, ischemia-reperfusion injury, preexisting systemic inflammation, and microbial infection. The concept of acute atherosis as an inflammatory lesion is not novel. The lesions themselves have an inflammatory phenotype and resemble other arterial lesions of more extensively studied etiology. We discuss findings of concurrently dysregulated proteins involved in immune regulation and cardiovascular function in women with acute atherosis. We also propose a novel hypothesis linking cellular fetal microchimerism, which is prevalent in women with preeclampsia, with acute atherosis in pregnancy and future cardiovascular and neurovascular disease. Finally, women with a history of preeclampsia have an increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. We review whether presence of acute atherosis may identify women at especially high risk for premature cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Elisabeth Fjeldstad
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Mørk Johnsen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Knutsdotter Fosheim
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjartan Moe
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken HF, Bærum, Norway
| | | | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meryam Sugulle
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Johnson BN, Peters HE, Lambalk CB, Dolan CV, Willemsen G, Ligthart L, Mijatovic V, Hottenga JJ, Ehli EA, Boomsma DI. Male microchimerism in females: a quantitative study of twin pedigrees to investigate mechanisms. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2529-2537. [PMID: 34293108 PMCID: PMC8373473 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does having a male co-twin, older brothers, or sons lead to an increased probability of persistent male microchimerism in female members of twin pedigrees? SUMMARY ANSWER The presence of a male co-twin did not increase risk of male microchimerism and the prevalence of male microchimerism was not explained by having male offspring or by having an older brother. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Microchimerism describes the presence of cells within an organism that originate from another zygote and is commonly described as resulting from pregnancy in placental mammals. It is associated with diseases with a female predilection including autoimmune diseases and pregnancy-related complications. However, microchimerism also occurs in nulliparous women; signifying gaps in the understanding of risk factors contributing to persistent microchimerism and the origin of the minor cell population. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This cross-sectional study composed of 446 adult female participants of the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants included in the study were female monozygotic (MZ) twins, female dizygotic same-sex twins and females of dizygotic opposite-sex twin pairs, along with the mothers and sisters of these twins. Peripheral blood samples collected from adult female participants underwent DNA extraction and were biobanked prior to the study. To detect the presence of male-origin microchimerism, DNA samples were tested for the relative quantity of male specific Y chromosome gene DYS14 compared to a common β-globin gene using a highly sensitive quantitative PCR assay. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We observed a large number of women (26.9%) having detectable male microchimerism in their peripheral blood samples. The presence of a male co-twin did not increase risk of male microchimerism (odds ratio (OR) = 1.23: SE 0.40, P = 0.61) and the prevalence of male microchimerism was not explained by having male offspring (OR 0.90: SE 0.19, P = 0.63) or by having an older brother (OR = 1.46: SE 0.32, P = 0.09). The resemblance (correlation) for the presence of microchimerism was similar (P = 0.66) in MZ pairs (0.27; SE 0.37) and in first-degree relatives (0.091; SE 0.092). However, age had a positive relationship with the presence of male microchimerism (P = 0.02). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION After stratifying for variables of interest, some participant groups resulted in a low numbers of subjects. We investigated microchimerism in peripheral blood due to the proposed mechanism of cell acquisition via transplacental blood exchange; however, this does not represent global chimerism in the individual and microchimerism may localize to numerous other tissues. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Immune regulation during pregnancy is known to mitigate allosensitization and support tolerance to non-inherited antigens found on donor cells. While unable to identify a specific source that promotes microchimerism prevalence within pedigrees, this study points to the underlying complexities of natural microchimerism in the general population. These findings support previous studies which have identified the presence of male microchimerism among women with no history of pregnancy, suggesting alternative sources of microchimerism. The association of detectable male microchimerism with age is suggestive of additional factors including time, molecular characteristics and environment playing a critical role in the prevalence of persistent microchimerism. The present study necessitates investigation into the molecular underpinnings of natural chimerism to provide insight into women’s health, transplant medicine and immunology. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work is funded by Royal Netherlands Academy of Science Professor Award (PAH/6635 to D.I.B.); The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)—Genotype/phenotype database for behavior genetic and genetic epidemiological studies (ZonMw 911-09-032); Biobanking and Biomolecular Research Infrastructure (BBMRI–NL, 184.021.007; 184.033.111); The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)—Netherlands Twin Registry Repository (NWO-Groot 480-15-001/674); the National Institutes of Health—The Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository cooperative agreement (NIMH U24 MH068457-06), Grand Opportunity grants Integration of genomics and transcriptomics in normal twins and major depression (NIMH 1RC2 MH089951-01), and Developmental trajectories of psychopathology (NIMH 1RC2 MH089995); and European Research Council—Genetics of Mental Illness (ERC 230374). C.B.L. declares a competing interest as editor-in-chief of Human Reproduction and his department receives unrestricted research grants from Ferring, Merck and Guerbet. All remaining authors have no conflict-of-interest to declare in regards to this work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Johnson
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H E Peters
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C B Lambalk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C V Dolan
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Ligthart
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Mijatovic
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - D I Boomsma
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Nørgaard-Pedersen C, Kesmodel US, Christiansen OB. Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss More Often Have an Older Brother and a Previous Birth of a Boy: Is Male Microchimerism a Risk Factor? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122613. [PMID: 34198508 PMCID: PMC8231851 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Known etiologic factors can only be found in about 50% of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We hypothesized that male microchimerism is a risk factor for RPL and aimed to explore whether information on family tree and reproductive history, obtained from 383 patients with unexplained RPL, was supportive of this hypothesis. The male:female sex ratio of older siblings was 1.49 (97:65) in all RPL patients and 1.79 (52:29) in secondary RPL (sRPL) patients, which differed significantly from the expected 1.04 ratio (p = 0.027 and p = 0.019, respectively). In contrast, the sex ratio of younger siblings was close to the expected ratio. Sex ratio of the firstborn child before sRPL was 1.51 (p = 0.026). When combined, 79.1% of sRPL patients had at least one older brother, a firstborn boy, or both. This differed significantly from what we expected based on the distribution of younger siblings and a general 1.04 sex ratio of newborns (p = 0.040). We speculate whether (s)RPL patients possibly acquired male microchimerism from older brother(s) and/or previous birth of boy(s) by transplacental cell trafficking. This could potentially have a detrimental impact on their immune system, causing a harmful response against the fetus or trophoblast, resulting in RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Nørgaard-Pedersen
- Centre for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss of Western Denmark, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (U.S.K.); (O.B.C.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-41120267
| | - Ulrik Schiøler Kesmodel
- Centre for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss of Western Denmark, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (U.S.K.); (O.B.C.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole B. Christiansen
- Centre for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss of Western Denmark, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (U.S.K.); (O.B.C.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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23
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Brown JA, Niland ES, Pierce NL, Taylor JB. Validation of fetal microchimerism after pregnancy in the ovine using qPCR. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab100. [PMID: 34386714 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal microchimerism has been detected in maternal tissues of humans and rodents during and after pregnancy. Studies focusing on fetal DNA transfer to maternal tissues in domestic animals are limited, especially in sheep. Fetal ram DNA was observed in the maternal circulation during pregnancy, but it is not known if this chimerism persists in soft tissues after parturition. The objectives of this exploratory study were to: 1) determine if male fetal DNA is detectable in soft tissues of mature ewes after parturition and if so, determine if detection repeatability differed with lifetime offspring sex ratio and 2) determine if male fetal DNA was present in soft tissues of yearling (primiparous) ewes shortly after parturition. Eight mature (open, non-lactating) and 8 yearling (primiparous, periparturient) Rambouillet ewes were used. Mature ewes (5- to 7-yr old) had given birth to primarily 82% males (n = 4) or 71% female (n = 4) over a lifetime. Yearling ewes had birthed either a singleton male (n = 4) or female (n = 4) lambs. DNA was extracted from 10 and 11 different soft tissues from the mature and yearling ewes, respectively. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to identify the presence of the SRY gene in each tissue sample. Male DNA was detected in the brain and liver from one mature open ewe that had given birth to two males and six females during her lifetime. In younger ewes that gave birth to a ram lamb, male DNA was observed in the thyroid of one ewe and the pancreas and brain of a second ewe. Male DNA was detected in the ovary of one ewe that had given birth to a female lamb. Based on these data, we suggest fetal microchimerism in soft maternal tissues is possible in sheep and may remain after pregnancy has ended. The detection repeatability of male fetal DNA was not associated with sex ratio of lifetime offspring. Male DNA was observed in maternal soft tissues collected shortly after parturition. The greater detection of fetal male DNA found in younger ewes shortly after parturition may be due to not having enough time for fetal DNA clearance to occur. Future studies are warranted to further study XY chimerism in maternal tissues of the ewe and its potential role in ovine physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alison Brown
- Department of Biology, Wingate University, Wingate, NC 28174, USA
| | - Erika S Niland
- Department of Biology, Wingate University, Wingate, NC 28174, USA
| | - Natalie L Pierce
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Range Sheep Production Efficiency Research Unit, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423, USA
| | - J Bret Taylor
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Range Sheep Production Efficiency Research Unit, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423, USA
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Hallum S, Jakobsen MA, Gerds TA, Pinborg A, Tjønneland A, Kamper-Jørgensen M. Male origin microchimerism and ovarian cancer. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:87-94. [PMID: 32065627 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced risk of ovarian cancer is commonly ascribed to reduced exposure to endogenous hormones during pregnancy, using oral contraceptives or not using hormone replacement therapy. However, exposure to hormones alone account for less than half of all cases. Many women carry small amounts of male cells-known as male origin microchimerism-in their circulation and remarkable impacts of these cells on women's health are being published. Here, we pursue the possibility that male origin microchimerism has a role in reducing ovarian cancer risk. METHODS We conducted a prospective case-cohort study using blood samples and questionnaire data from 700 women participating in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort. Blood samples were analysed for Y chromosome presence as a marker of male microchimerism. We evaluated the association between male microchimerism and ovarian cancer, using weighted Cox regression models reporting hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Male microchimerism was detected in 46% of cases and 65.9% of controls. Women testing positive for male microchimerism had a reduced hazard rate of ovarian cancer compared with women testing negative (HR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.29-0.68). We found no evidence of interaction with measures of hormonal exposures (P = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS For the first time we report that women who test positive for male microchimerism in their circulation have reduced rates of ovarian cancer compared with women who test negative. Although the underlying mechanisms are presently unknown, we believe male microchimerism is potent in preventing ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hallum
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Alexander Gerds
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Pinborg
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Kamper-Jørgensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Hallum S, Gerds TA, Sehested TSG, Jakobsen MA, Tjønneland A, Kamper-Jørgensen M. Impact of Male-Origin Microchimerism on Cardiovascular Disease in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:853-863. [PMID: 33184639 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing parity is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in women. This is probably attributable to biological responses of pregnancy. Male cells of presumed fetal origin are commonly present in women years after pregnancy-a phenomenon termed male-origin microchimerism (MOM). In this study, we investigated whether MOM was associated with risk of IHD and ischemic stroke in women. We evaluated the association between MOM and ischemic events in a cohort of 766 Danish women enrolled in the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort during 1993-1997 when aged 50-64 years. Of these women, 545 (71.2%) tested positive for MOM through targeting of the Y chromosome (DYS14 DNA sequence) in their blood. Multiple Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We found that MOM was associated with a significantly reduced rate of IHD (hazard ratio = 0.44, 95% confidence interval: 0.23, 0.83) but not ischemic stroke (hazard ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.46, 1.41). Our findings show that microchimerism positivity is associated with a lower rate of later IHD development in women. Although the underlying mechanisms are presently unknown, MOM may be relevant in women's cardiovascular health. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Bianchi DW, Khosrotehrani K, Way SS, MacKenzie TC, Bajema I, O'Donoghue K. Forever Connected: The Lifelong Biological Consequences of Fetomaternal and Maternofetal Microchimerism. Clin Chem 2020; 67:351-362. [PMID: 33417673 PMCID: PMC10072000 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Originally studied as a mechanism to understand eclampsia-related deaths during pregnancy, fetal cells in maternal blood have more recently garnered attention as a noninvasive source of fetal material for prenatal testing. In the 21st century, however, intact fetal cells have been largely supplanted by circulating cell-free placental DNA for aneuploidy screening. Instead, interest has pivoted to the ways in which fetal cells influence maternal biology. In parallel, an increasing appreciation of the consequences of maternal cells in the developing fetus has occurred. CONTENT In this review, we highlight the potential clinical applications and functional consequences of the bidirectional trafficking of intact cells between a pregnant woman and her fetus. Fetal cells play a potential role in the pathogenesis of maternal disease and tissue repair. Maternal cells play an essential role in educating the fetal immune system and as a factor in transplant acceptance. Naturally occurring maternal microchimerism is also being explored as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplant in fetal hematopoietic disorders. SUMMARY Future investigations in humans need to include complete pregnancy histories to understand maternal health and transplant success or failure. Animal models are useful to understand the mechanisms underlying fetal wound healing and/or repair associated with maternal injury and inflammation. The lifelong consequences of the exchange of cells between a mother and her child are profound and have many applications in development, health, and disease. This intricate exchange of genetically foreign cells creates a permanent connection that contributes to the survival of both individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana W Bianchi
- National Human Genome Research Institute and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- Experimental Dermatology Group, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tippi C MacKenzie
- Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine and the Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ingeborg Bajema
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Keelin O'Donoghue
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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27
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Cai B, Sun Q, Qiao J, Yu C, Hu K, Liu T, Li B, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zuo H, Dong Z, Lei Y, Liu Z, Yao B, Li C, Ai H, Guo M. Comparison of microtransplantation, chemotherapy and allogeneic transplantation in post-remission therapy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3852-3866. [PMID: 33294272 PMCID: PMC7716170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) have poor prognosis, and the efficacy of chemotherapy plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) followed by mismatched donor stem cell infusion (microtransplantation, MST) has not been determined. We retrospectively summarized 45 patients including 11 undergoing MST with TKIs, 17 receiving allogeneic transplant and 17 undergoing chemotherapy with TKIs. Improved 4-year overall survival rate was observed in the MST group (91%) compared with either transplant group (31%, P = .005) or chemotherapy group (36%, P = .013). The MST group also had higher 2-year and 4-year leukemia-free survival rates (91% and 72%, respectively) compared with either transplant group (33%, P = .005 and 33%, P = .021, respectively) or chemotherapy group (41%, P = .017 and 31%, P = .023, respectively). 2-year and 4-year cumulative incidences of hematologic relapse were lower in the MST group (9% and 28%, respectively) compared with those in the chemotherapy group (56%, P = .025 and 67%, P = .034, respectively). In patients undergoing MST, donor microchimerism was detected (1.07 × 10-5 to 6.6 × 10-4 copies from 9 to 1499 days) in 7 patients, and donor/patient-derived HLA*0201/2402+WT1+CD8+ T cells were found from 0.05% to 0.67% in 6 patients. MST may provide a favorable treatment for patients with Ph+ ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cai
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Qiyun Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Jianhui Qiao
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Changlin Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Kaixun Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Tieqiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Bingxia Li
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Yajing Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Hongli Zuo
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Yaqing Lei
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Bo Yao
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Caixia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Huisheng Ai
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
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28
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El-Ansary M, Saadi G, Hassaballa M, Zidan M, Abdel Fattah W, Kelany AK, Hanna MOF. Donor cell microchimerism in kidney transplantation: Implications for graft function. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:494-500. [PMID: 32881306 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given the uncertainty regarding the relationship between donor cells at microchimeric levels and its influence on graft function and clinical outcome, we explored the extent and importance of donor microchimerism in kidney transplantation. Twenty patients with chronic kidney disease who had received allografts from living donors were studied. We examined peripheral whole blood samples from the recipients one month after the transplant, applying mitochondrial DNA variant-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify and quantify donor cells in relation to allograft function and survival during three years of follow-up. Higher quantities of donor-derived cell microchimerism in the peripheral blood correlated with better graft function in the early postoperative period at 1 month (R2 = .536, p = .001) and predicted improved graft function 1 year following the transplant (R2 = .430, p = .008). Furthermore, early post-transplant quantities of donor cell microchimerism were an important predictor of improved kidney function 3 years after transplantation (R2 = .397, p = .021). However, donor cell microchimerism failed to predict patient and graft survival after 3 years (odds ratio = 0.536, p = .860). Our findings suggest that donor cell microchimerism plays an immunoregulatory role in kidney transplantation and contributes to donor-specific immune hypo-responsiveness and graft acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat El-Ansary
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Saadi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - May Hassaballa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Zidan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Abdel Fattah
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayda K Kelany
- Genome Unit, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam Onsy F Hanna
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Peters HE, Johnson BN, Ehli EA, Micha D, Verhoeven MO, Davies GE, Dekker JJML, Overbeek A, Berg MHVD, Dulmen-den Broeder EV, Leeuwen FEV, Mijatovic V, Boomsma DI, Lambalk CB. Low prevalence of male microchimerism in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1117-1125. [PMID: 31111890 PMCID: PMC6554047 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an increased prevalence of male microchimerism in women with Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, as evidence of fetal exposure to blood and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) from a (vanished) male co-twin resulting in regression of the Müllerian duct derivatives? SUMMARY ANSWER Predominant absence of male microchimerism in adult women with MRKH syndrome does not support our hypothesis that intrauterine blood exchange with a (vanished) male co-twin is the pathophysiological mechanism. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The etiology of MRKH is unclear. Research on the phenotype analogous condition in cattle (freemartinism) has yielded the hypothesis that Müllerian duct development is inhibited by exposure to AMH in utero. In cattle, the male co-twin has been identified as the source for AMH, which is transferred via placental blood exchange. In human twins, a similar exchange of cellular material has been documented by detection of chimerism, but it is unknown whether this has clinical consequences. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION An observational case–control study was performed to compare the presence of male microchimerism in women with MRKH syndrome and control women. Through recruitment via the Dutch patients’ association of women with MRKH (comprising 300 members who were informed by email or regular mail), we enrolled 96 patients between January 2017 and July 2017. The control group consisted of 100 women who reported never having been pregnant. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS After written informed consent, peripheral blood samples were obtained by venipuncture, and genomic DNA was extracted. Male microchimerism was detected by Y-chromosome–specific real-time quantitative PCR, with use of DYS14 marker. Possible other sources for microchimerism, for example older brothers, were evaluated using questionnaire data. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The final analysis included 194 women: 95 women with MRKH syndrome with a mean age of 40.9 years and 99 control women with a mean age of 30.2 years. In total, 54 women (56.8%) were identified as having typical MRKH syndrome, and 41 women (43.2%) were identified as having atypical MRKH syndrome (when extra-genital malformations were present). The prevalence of male microchimerism was significantly higher in the control group than in the MRKH group (17.2% versus 5.3%, P = 0.009). After correcting for age, women in the control group were 5.8 times more likely to have male microchimerism (odds ratio 5.84 (CI 1.59–21.47), P = 0.008). The mean concentration of male microchimerism in the positive samples was 56.0 male genome equivalent per 1 000 000 cells. The prevalence of male microchimerism was similar in women with typical MRKH syndrome and atypical MRKH syndrome (5.6% versus 4.9%, P = 0.884). There were no differences between women with or without microchimerism in occurrence of alternative sources of XY cells, such as older brothers, previous blood transfusion, or history of sexual intercourse. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION We are not able to draw definitive conclusions regarding the occurrence of AMH exchange during embryologic development in women with MRKH syndrome. Our subject population includes all adult women and therefore is reliant on long-term prevalence of microchimerism. Moreover, we have only tested blood, and, theoretically, the cells may have grafted anywhere in the body during development. It must also be considered that the exchange of AMH may occur without the transfusion of XY cells and therefore cannot be discovered by chimerism detection. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study to test the theory that freemartinism causes the MRKH syndrome in humans. The study aimed to test the presence of male microchimerism in women with MRKH syndrome as a reflection of early fetal exposure to blood and AMH from a male (vanished) co-twin. We found that male microchimerism was only present in 5.3% of the women with MRKH syndrome, a significantly lower percentage than in the control group (17.2%). Our results do not provide evidence for an increased male microchimerism in adult women with MRKH as a product of intrauterine blood exchange. However, the significant difference in favor of the control group is of interest to the ongoing discussion on microchimeric cell transfer and the possible sources of XY cells. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Dutch trial register, NTR5961.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Peters
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B N Johnson
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - E A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - D Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M O Verhoeven
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G E Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - J J M L Dekker
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Overbeek
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M H van den Berg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology/Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E van Dulmen-den Broeder
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology/Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F E van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Mijatovic
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C B Lambalk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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30
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Johnson BN, Ehli EA, Davies GE, Boomsma DI. Chimerism in health and potential implications on behavior: A systematic review. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1513-1529. [PMID: 32212323 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the phenomenon of chimerism and especially microchimerism as one of the currently underexplored explanations for differences in health and behavior. Chimerism is an amalgamation of cells from two or more unique zygotes within a single organism, with microchimerism defined by a minor cell population of <1%. This article first presents an overview of the primary techniques employed to detect and quantify the presence of microchimerism and then reviews empirical studies of chimerism in mammals including primates and humans. In women, male microchimerism, a condition suggested to be the result of fetomaternal exchange in utero, is relatively easily detected by polymerase chain reaction molecular techniques targeting Y-chromosomal markers. Consequently, studies of chimerism in human diseases have largely focused on diseases with a predilection for females including autoimmune diseases, and female cancers. We detail studies of chimerism in human diseases and also discuss some potential implications in behavior. Understanding the prevalence of chimerism and the associated health outcomes will provide invaluable knowledge of human biology and guide novel approaches for treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon N Johnson
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Erik A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Gareth E Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Gash KK, Yang M, Fan Z, Regouski M, Rutigliano HM, Polejaeva IA. Assessment of microchimerism following somatic cell nuclear transfer and natural pregnancies in goats. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3786-3794. [PMID: 31353395 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microchimerism is defined as the presence of a small population of cells or DNA in 1 organism originated from a genetically different organism. It is well established that this phenomenon occurs in humans and mice as cells are exchanged between mother and fetus during gestation. Currently, no information is available about the presence of maternal microchimerism in goats, and the only published study is limited to an evaluation of fetal and fetal-fetal microchimerism in blood samples following natural breeding. In order to determine whether bidirectional fetal-maternal cell or DNA trafficking occurs in goats, we assessed: 1) fetal microchimerism in surrogates that gave birth to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived transgenic offspring (n = 4), 2) maternal microchimerism following natural breeding of SCNT-derived transgenic does with a nontransgenic buck (n = 4), and 3) fetal-fetal microchimerism in nontransgenic twins of transgenic offspring (n = 3). Neomycin-resistance gene (NEO) gene was selected as the marker to detect the presence of the αMHC-TGF-β1-Neo transgene in kidney, liver, lung, lymph node, and spleen. We found no detectable maternal or fetal-fetal microchimerism in the investigated tissues of nontransgenic offspring. However, fetal microchimerism was detected in lymph node tissue of one of the surrogate dams carrying a SCNT pregnancy. These results indicate occurrence of cell trafficking from fetus to mother during SCNT pregnancies. The findings of this study have direct implications on the use and disposal of nontransgenic surrogates and nontransgenic offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten K Gash
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Misha Regouski
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Heloisa M Rutigliano
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Irina A Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
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32
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Jafarinia M, Amoon M, Javid A, Vakili S, Sadeghi E, Azadi D, Alsahebfosoul F. Male microchimerism in peripheral blood from women with multiple sclerosis in Isfahan Province. Int J Immunogenet 2019; 47:175-179. [PMID: 31833227 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is referred to as an organ-specific T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Different genetic and environmental factors increase the risk of developing MS. In recent years, microchimerism (Mc) has been widely studied in autoimmune diseases, although the exact role of this phenomenon in human health is not known well. Microchimerism is the low level presence of DNA or cells from one individual into the tissue or circulation of another individual. In the current study, we evaluated the association of fetal microchimerism (FMc) with MS in Isfahan province. In this study, we enrolled 68 women in four groups. Two groups were MS patients with or without a pregnancy for a son, and the other two groups were MS-negative patients with or without a pregnancy for a son. The presence of the male genome assessed and compared in these groups. Four millilitres of peripheral blood were collected from all subjects in the tube containing EDTA and DNA was extracted. Real-time PCR assay was used for the DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) region Yq 11.23 as a marker for male microchimerism in all subjects. Our results showed that the percentage of DAZ (male genome)-positive women was significantly higher in MS-positive women given birth to a son in comparison with the other three groups. Our results also revealed no significant correlation between the percentage of DAZ-positive women and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score and age of onset in the patients' group. For future studies, we suggest enrolling subjects who MS diagnosis occurred before and after pregnancy with a son. Comparing FMc in these two groups might provide a better understanding of the possible role of FMc in later development of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Jafarinia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Amoon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ameneh Javid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Erfan Sadeghi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Davood Azadi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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33
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Andrikovics H, Őrfi Z, Meggyesi N, Bors A, Varga L, Kövy P, Vilimszky Z, Kolics F, Gopcsa L, Reményi P, Tordai A. Current Trends in Applications of Circulatory Microchimerism Detection in Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4450. [PMID: 31509957 PMCID: PMC6769866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primarily due to recent advances of detection techniques, microchimerism (the proportion of minor variant population is below 1%) has recently gained increasing attention in the field of transplantation. Availability of polymorphic markers, such as deletion insertion or single nucleotide polymorphisms along with a vast array of high sensitivity detection techniques, allow the accurate detection of small quantities of donor- or recipient-related materials. This diagnostic information can improve monitoring of allograft injuries in solid organ transplantations (SOT) as well as facilitate early detection of relapse in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In the present review, genetic marker and detection platform options applicable for microchimerism detection are discussed. Furthermore, current results of relevant clinical studies in the context of microchimerism and SOT or allo-HSCT respectively are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Andrikovics
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Őrfi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Meggyesi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bors
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lívia Varga
- School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Kövy
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
- School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Vilimszky
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Kolics
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Gopcsa
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Reményi
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tordai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
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Kanaan SB, Sensoy O, Yan Z, Gadi VK, Richardson ML, Nelson JL. Immunogenicity of a rheumatoid arthritis protective sequence when acquired through microchimerism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19600-8. [PMID: 31501349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904779116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA class II genes provide the strongest genetic contribution to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). HLA-DRB1 alleles encoding the sequence DERAA are RA-protective. Paradoxically, RA risk is increased in women with DERAA+ children born prior to onset. We developed a sensitive qPCR assay specific for DERAA, and found 53% of DERAA-/- women with RA had microchimerism (Mc; pregnancy-derived allogeneic cells) carrying DERAA (DERAA-Mc) vs. 6% of healthy women. DERAA-Mc quantities correlated with an RA-risk genetic background including DERAA-binding HLA-DQ alleles, early RA onset, and aspects of RA severity. CD4+ T cells showed stronger response against DERAA+ vs. DERAA- allogeneic cell lines in vitro, in line with an immunogenic role of allogeneic DERAA. Results indicate a model where DERAA-Mc activates DERAA-directed T cells that are naturally present in DERAA-/- individuals and can have cross-reactivity against joint antigens. Moreover, we provide an explanation for the enigmatic observation that the same HLA sequence differentially affects RA risk through Mendelian inheritance vs. microchimeric cell acquisition.
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Tapia G, Mortimer G, Ye J, Gillard BT, Chipper-Keating S, Mårild K, Viken MK, Lie BA, Joner G, Skrivarhaug T, Njølstad PR, Størdal K, Gillespie KM, Stene LC. Maternal microchimerism in cord blood and risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:728-735. [PMID: 31173445 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal microchimerism (MMc), the transmission of small quantities of maternal cells to the fetus, is relatively common and persistent. MMc has been detected with increased frequency in the circulation and pancreas of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. We investigated for the first time whether MMc levels at birth predict future T1D risk. We also tested whether cord blood MMc predicted MMc in samples taken at T1D diagnosis. METHODS Participants in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study were human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II typed to determine non-inherited, non-shared maternal alleles (NIMA). Droplet digital (dd) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays specific for common HLA class II NIMA (HLADQB1*03:01, *04:02, and *06:02/03) were developed and validated. MMc was estimated as maternal DNA quantity in the fetal circulation, by NIMA specific ddPCR, measured in cord blood DNA from 71 children who later developed T1D and 126 controls within the cohort. RESULTS We found detectable quantities of MMc in 34/71 future T1D cases (48%) and 53/126 controls (42%) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-2.36), and no significant difference in ranks of MMc quantities between cases and controls (Mann-Whitney P = .46). There was a possible association in the NIMA HLA-DQB1*03:01 subgroup with later T1D (aOR 3.89, 95%CI 1.05-14.4). MMc in cord blood was not significantly associated with MMc at T1D diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings did not support the hypothesis that the degree of MMc in cord blood predict T1D risk. The potential subgroup association with T1D risk should be replicated in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Tapia
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Georgina Mortimer
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jody Ye
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Benjamin T Gillard
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Karl Mårild
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte K Viken
- Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte A Lie
- Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Joner
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torild Skrivarhaug
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil Størdal
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Pediatric Department, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Kathleen M Gillespie
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lars C Stene
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Heo Y, Cho Y, Oh KB, Park KH, Cho H, Choi H, Kim M, Yun IJ, Lee HJ, Kim YB. Detection of Pig Cells Harboring Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in Non-Human Primate Bladder After Renal Xenotransplantation. Viruses 2019; 11:E801. [PMID: 31470671 DOI: 10.3390/v11090801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are used as potential donor animals for xenotransplantation. However, porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), shown to infect both human and non-human primate (NHP) cells in vitro, presents a risk of transmission to humans in xenotransplantation. In this study, we analyzed PERV transmission in various organs after pig-to-NHP xenotransplantation. We utilized pig-to-NHP xenotransplant tissue samples obtained using two types of transgenic pigs from the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, Republic of Korea), and examined them for the existence of PERV genes in different organs via PCR and RT-PCR with specific primers. To determine PERV insertion into chromosomes, inverse PCR using PERV long terminal repeat (LTR) region-specific primers was conducted. The PERV gene was not detected in NHP organs in cardiac xenotransplantation but detected in NHP bladders in renal xenotransplantation. The insertion experiment confirmed that PERVs originate from porcine donor cells rather than integrated provirus in the NHP chromosome. We also demonstrate the presence of pig cells in the NHP bladder after renal xenotransplantation using specific-porcine mitochondrial DNA gene PCR. The PERV sequence was detected in the bladder of NHPs after renal xenotransplantation by porcine cell-microchimerism but did not integrate into the NHP chromosome.
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37
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Suda K, Muraji T, Ohtani H, Aiyoshi T, Sasaki T, Toma M, Yanai T. Histological significance of hepatitis-like findings in biliary atresia: An analysis of 34 Japanese cases. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:364-368. [PMID: 30811786 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular injury including multinuclear changes are common histological features in biliary atresia (BA), as well as in neonatal hepatitis. To date, however, no reports have examined how those findings correlate with the prognosis of BA. We clarified the clinical implications of hepatitis-related changes in BA on histological analysis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 34 cases of BA treated over the past 30 years at Ibaraki Children's Hospital. Liver biopsy specimens during Kasai procedures were evaluated for hepatocyte multinuclear change, ballooning, and acidophilic body, hereby defined as hepatitis-like findings (HLF). Each finding was semi-quantitatively scored as 0-2, and their sum was defined as the HLF score, ranging from 0 to 6. We examined the correlation between HLF score and total bilirubin (T-Bil), direct bilirubin (D-Bil), and other liver function test results at the Kasai procedure, as well as 1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months after the Kasai procedure. Subsequently, HLF score was compared between native liver survivors (NLS; n = 16) and non-NLS (n = 18) for long-term analyses. RESULTS Hepatitis-like findings score except for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), had no correlation with the preoperative data. HLF score was positively correlated, however, with T-Bil, D-Bil, and AST at 1 week and 1 month after the Kasai procedure (1 week: P = 0.009, 0.023, and 0.019; 1 month: 0.022, 0.019, and 0.013, respectively). HLF score was not significantly different between the NLS and non-NLS groups. CONCLUSION Higher HLF score at Kasai procedure is an indicator of poor liver function at short-term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Suda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Muraji
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kirishima Medical Center affiliated with Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kirishima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Haruo Ohtani
- Department of Pathology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Aiyoshi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takato Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miki Toma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yanai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
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38
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Abstract
Microchimerism is the presence of cells from one individual in another genetically distinct individual. Pregnancy is the main cause of natural microchimerism through transplacental bi-directional cell trafficking between mother and fetus. In addition to a variety of cell-free substances, it is now well-recognized that some cells are also exchanged in pregnancy. Furthermore, it is now known that microchimerism persists decades later both in mother and in her progeny. The consequences of pregnancy-related microchimerism are under active investigation. However, many authors have suggested a close relationship linking fetal microchimerism and the development of autoimmune diseases. Fetal microchimerism is emerging as a potential contributing factor in certain diseases, including cancer. Parallel studies in animal and human pregnancy suggest that microchimeric fetal cells play a role in wound healing. Role of these microchimeric cells in human health and disease is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Shrivastava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Hi-Tech Dental College and Research Institute, Bhubneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Rupali Naik
- Dental Surgeon, Rural Hospital, Devrukh, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hema Suryawanshi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Chhattisgarh Dental College and Research Institute, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Neha Gupta
- Research Scientist and Consultant Stemgenn Therapeutics, New Delhi, India
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39
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Assennato SM, Owusu-Ofori S, Osei-Akoto A, Lambert NC, Allain JP. Microchimerism in Ghanaian children recipients of whole blood transfusion for severe anaemia. Vox Sang 2018; 114:162-170. [PMID: 30523635 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transfusion-acquired microchimerism (TA-Mc) has been reported in major trauma but not in young children despite relative immunodeficiency who, in sub-Saharan Africa, often suffer severe anaemia related to haemoglobinopathies or primary malaria infections. We examined the hypothesis that such massive red cell destructions might provide conditions favourable to TA-Mc, particularly when exposed to massive amounts of parasite antigens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven female children <5 years transfused with male whole blood for severe anaemia (13 with acute malaria and 14 with other causes) were retrospectively identified, and a blood sample was collected >6 months post-transfusion. Four whole blood samples from paediatric females transfused with blood from female donors and five secondary school female students never pregnant, never transfused were used as negative controls. RESULTS Nineteen patients (70%) carried male Mc with four (15%) having high levels of Mc (>100 genome equivalent of male cells/million of host cells) compared to three controls (37·5%). There was no difference in frequency or quantity of male Mc between paediatric patients with severe malaria and paediatric patients with other causes of severe anaemia. TA-Mc was not correlated with patient age, duration of whole blood storage or lymphocyte load transfused. After a median of 7 months post-transfusion, acute malaria did not increase the frequency of TA-Mc. One negative control appeared to carry low-level male cells. CONCLUSION Transfusion-acquired microchimerism appears frequent in young children transfused with whole blood for severe anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Osei-Akoto
- Department of Paediatrics, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nathalie C Lambert
- INSERM UMRs1097, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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40
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Shree R, Harrington WE, Kanaan SB, Forsyth A, Cousin E, Lopez A, Nelson JL, Gammill HS. Fetal microchimerism by mode of delivery: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 2018; 126:24-31. [PMID: 30102819 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare fetal microchimerism (FMc) in pregnancies with uncomplicated vaginal delivery (VD) versus caesarean delivery (CD). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, USA. POPULATION Women delivering singleton pregnancies without pertinent antenatal complications with uncomplicated deliveries (n = 36). METHODS We collected maternal predelivery, postdelivery and umbilical cord blood for each mother-baby pair. Following maternal and fetal genotyping, FMc was measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays targeting fetus-specific polymorphisms. Quantification of FMc is expressed as genome equivalents (gEq) of fetal DNA/100 000 total gEq tested. FMc detection was evaluated by logistic regression while controlling for total number of cell equivalents tested and clinically relevant covariates. FMc concentrations were compared using negative binomial regression while controlling for the same covariates and predelivery FMc positivity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Detection and concentration of FMc by mode of delivery. RESULTS Twenty-four mother-baby pairs had a VD and 12 had a CD. Postdelivery FMc detection was higher following CD than after VD (58.3% versus 16.7%, P = 0.02). After controlling for covariates, the likelihood of postdelivery FMc detection was almost nine-fold higher after CD than VD (odds ratio 8.8, 95% CI 1.6-47.6; P = 0.01). With respect to postdelivery FMc concentration, the detection rate ratio for CD versus VD in the adjusted negative binomial regression model was 14.7 (95% CI 3.2-66.8; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Postdelivery peripheral FMc detection and concentration are significantly higher after CD than after VD. As FMc is associated with long-term maternal health, our findings suggest that the mode of delivery may impact this risk. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Greater fetal microchimerism found in maternal blood following caesarean delivery compared with vaginal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shree
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W E Harrington
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S B Kanaan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Forsyth
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Cousin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J L Nelson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H S Gammill
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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41
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Abstract
Pregnancy stimulates an elaborate assortment of dynamic changes, allowing intimate approximation of genetically discordant maternal and fetal tissues. Although the cellular and molecular details about how this works remain largely undefined, important clues arise from evaluating how a prior pregnancy influences the outcome of a future pregnancy. The risk of complications is consistently increased when complications occurred in a prior pregnancy. Reciprocally, a prior successful pregnancy protects against complications in a future pregnancy. Here, we summarize immunological perturbations associated with fetal loss, with particular focus on how both harmful and protective adaptations may persist in mothers. Immunological aberrancy as a root cause of pregnancy complications is also considered, given their shared overlapping risk factors and the sustained requirement for averting maternal-fetal conflict throughout pregnancy. Understanding pregnancy-induced immunological changes may expose not only new therapeutic strategies for improving pregnancy outcomes but also new facets of how immune tolerance works that may be applicable to other physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Deshmukh
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA;
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42
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Di Cristofaro J, Karlmark KR, Kanaan SB, Azzouz DF, El Haddad M, Hubert L, Farge-Bancel D, Granel B, Harlé JR, Hachulla E, Pardoux E, Roudier J, Picard C, Lambert NC. Soluble HLA-G Expression Inversely Correlates With Fetal Microchimerism Levels in Peripheral Blood From Women With Scleroderma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1685. [PMID: 30158921 PMCID: PMC6104483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with scleroderma (SSc) maintain significantly higher quantities of persisting fetal microchimerism (FMc) from complete or incomplete pregnancies in their peripheral blood compared to healthy women. The non-classical class-I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule HLA-G plays a pivotal role for the implantation and maintenance of pregnancy and has often been investigated in offspring from women with pregnancy complications. However data show that maternal HLA-G polymorphisms as well as maternal soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) expression could influence pregnancy outcome. Here, we aimed to investigate the underlying role of maternal sHLA-G expression and HLA-G polymorphisms on the persistence of FMc. We measured sHLA-G levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in plasma samples from 88 healthy women and 74 women with SSc. Male Mc was quantified by DYS14 real-time PCR in blood samples from 58 women who had previously given birth to at least one male child. Furthermore, eight HLA-G 5'URR/3'UTR polymorphisms, previously described as influencing HLA-G expression, were performed on DNA samples from 96 healthy women and 106 women with SSc. Peripheral sHLA-G was at lower concentration in plasma from SSc (76.2 ± 48.3 IU/mL) compared to healthy women (117.5 ± 60.1 IU/mL, p < 0.0001), independently of clinical subtypes, autoantibody profiles, disease duration, or treatments. Moreover, sHLA-G levels were inversely correlated to FMc quantities (Spearman correlation, p < 0.01). Finally, women with SSc had lower sHLA-G independently of the eight HLA-G 5'URR/3'UTR polymorphisms, although they were statistically more often homozygous than heterozygous for HLA-G polymorphism genotypes -716 (G/T), -201 (G/A), 14 bp (ins/del), and +3,142 (G/A) than healthy women. In conclusion, women with SSc display less sHLA-G expression independently of the eight HLA-G polymorphisms tested. This decreased production correlates with higher quantities of persisting FMc commonly observed in blood from SSc women. These results shed some lights on the contribution of the maternal HLA-G protein to long-term persistent fetal Mc and initiate new perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Di Cristofaro
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, "Biologie des Groupes Sanguins", Marseille, France
| | - Karlin R Karlmark
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France
| | - Sami B Kanaan
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France
| | - Doua F Azzouz
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France
| | - Marina El Haddad
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France
| | - Lucas Hubert
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, EFS-Alpes Méditerranée, Marseille, France.,Antibody Therapeutics and Immunotargeting, CRCM, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,UM 105, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Farge-Bancel
- Unité de Médecine Interne Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire (UF 04) Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Maladies auto-immunes systémiques Rares d'Île-de-France, FAI2R, EA 3518, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Granel
- UMR-S 1076 Endothélium, Pathologies Vasculaires et Cibles Thérapeutiques - Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, Pôle de Médecine Interne, Centre de Compétence PACA Ouest pour la prise en charge des maladies autoimmunes systémiques, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Robert Harlé
- AP-HM, Pôle de Médecine Interne, Centre de Compétence PACA Ouest pour la prise en charge des maladies autoimmunes systémiques, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Hachulla
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre National de Référence de la Sclérodermie Systémique, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Etienne Pardoux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Roudier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France.,Rhumatologie, IML, AP-HM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Picard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, "Biologie des Groupes Sanguins", Marseille, France.,Immunogenetics Laboratory, EFS-Alpes Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie C Lambert
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Marseille, France
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Abstract
The presence of microchimeric cells is known for >100 years and well documented since decades. Earlier, microchimeric cells were mainly used for cell-based non-invasive prenatal diagnostics during early pregnancy. Microchimeric cells are also present beyond delivery and are associated to various autoimmune diseases, tissue repair, cancer and immune tolerance. All these findings were based on low complexity studies and occasionally accompanied by artefacts not allowing the biological functions of microchimerism to be determined. However, with the recent developments in single-cell analysis, new means to identify and characterize microchimeric cells are available. Cell labelling techniques in combination with single-cell analysis provide a new toolbox to decipher the biology of microchimeric cells at molecular and cellular level. In this review, we discuss how recent developments in single-cell analysis can be applied to determine the role and function of microchimeric cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amin El-Heliebi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology & Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Sedlmayr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology & Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology & Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz, Austria
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Cheng SB, Davis S, Sharma S. Maternal-fetal cross talk through cell-free fetal DNA, telomere shortening, microchimerism, and inflammation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12851. [PMID: 29577468 PMCID: PMC5908740 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There exists a strong correlation between unscheduled inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface and the continuum of pregnancy complications. In normal pregnancy, immunological tolerance is established to protect the semi-allogeneic fetus. There has been extensive research on how the immunity, endovascular trophoblast migration, and hormonal nexus are orchestrated during pregnancy at the maternal-fetal interface to program a normal pregnancy outcome. It is not clear what contributes to the plasticity of uterine immune tolerance, fetal survial, and long-term post-partum health of the mother and the offspring. Old and new concepts have reemerged and emerged that include cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA), telomere shortening, microchimerism involving bidirectional migration of maternal and fetal cells, and pregnancy as a stress factor. The question is how these pathways converge in a gestational age-dependent manner to contribute to the health of the mother and the offspring later in life and respond to an array of inflammatory challenges. In this Review, we provide pertinent discussion on maternal-fetal cross talk through cffDNA, telomere shortening, and microchimerism in the context of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory settings, particularly how these pathways lead to normal and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Bin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarah Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Rosinski SL, Graves SS, Higginbotham DA, Storb R. Mixed chimerism renders residual host dendritic cells incapable of alloimmunization of the marrow donor in the canine model of allogeneic marrow transplantation. Chimerism 2018; 6:54-64. [PMID: 28140754 DOI: 10.1080/19381956.2016.1270483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study tested whether an alloimmune response can occur in the marrow donor when infused or injected with leukocytes from their mixed chimeric transplant recipient. Two mixed chimeras were produced after conditioning with three Gray total body irradiation, donor marrow infusion, and post-grafting immunosuppression. The marrow donors were then repeatedly infused and injected with leukocytes from their respective chimeric recipient. A donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) into their mixed chimeras had no effect, even after the experiments were repeated. The presence of blood dendritic cells (DCs) of recipient origin was confirmed in chimeric recipients, as well as the presence of microchimerism in the marrow donors. Donor sensitization did occur following placement of a recipient skin graft that was confirmed following DLI into recipients that changed the mixed chimeras into full donor chimeras. These observations suggest that mixed chimerism renders recipient peripheral blood DCs incapable of inducing a donor T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Rosinski
- a Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Scott S Graves
- a Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Deborah A Higginbotham
- a Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Rainer Storb
- a Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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Ritzel RM, Patel AR, Spychala M, Verma R, Crapser J, Koellhoffer EC, Schrecengost A, Jellison ER, Zhu L, Venna VR, McCullough LD. Multiparity improves outcomes after cerebral ischemia in female mice despite features of increased metabovascular risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5673-E5682. [PMID: 28645895 PMCID: PMC5514696 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Females show a varying degree of ischemic sensitivity throughout their lifespan, which is not fully explained by hormonal or genetic factors. Epidemiological data suggest that sex-specific life experiences such as pregnancy increase stroke risk. This work evaluated the role of parity on stroke outcome. Age-matched virgin (i.e., nulliparous) and multiparous mice were subjected to 60 min of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion and evaluated for infarct volume, behavioral recovery, and inflammation. Using an established mating paradigm, fetal microchimeric cells present in maternal mice were also tracked after parturition and stroke. Parity was associated with sedentary behavior, weight gain, and higher triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The multiparous brain exhibited features of immune suppression, with dampened baseline microglial activity. After acute stroke, multiparous mice had smaller infarcts, less glial activation, and less behavioral impairment in the critical recovery window of 72 h. Behavioral recovery was significantly better in multiparous females compared with nulliparous mice 1 mo after stroke. This recovery was accompanied by an increase in poststroke angiogenesis that was correlated with improved performance on sensorimotor and cognitive tests. Multiparous mice had higher levels of VEGF, both at baseline and after stroke. GFP+ fetal cells were detected in the blood and migrated to areas of tissue injury where they adopted endothelial morphology 30 d after injury. Reproductive experience has profound and complex effects on neurovascular health and disease. Inclusion of female mice with reproductive experience in preclinical studies may better reflect the life-long patterning of ischemic stroke risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Anita R Patel
- Neuroscience Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Monica Spychala
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Rajkumar Verma
- Neuroscience Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Joshua Crapser
- Neuroscience Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Edward C Koellhoffer
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Anna Schrecengost
- Neuroscience Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Evan R Jellison
- Immunology Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Venugopal Reddy Venna
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030;
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Bracamonte-Baran W, Florentin J, Zhou Y, Jankowska-Gan E, Haynes WJ, Zhong W, Brennan TV, Dutta P, Claas FH, van Rood JJ, Burlingham WJ. Modification of host dendritic cells by microchimerism-derived extracellular vesicles generates split tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114:1099-1104. [PMID: 28096390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618364114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal microchimerism (MMc) has been associated with development of allospecific transplant tolerance, antitumor immunity, and cross-generational reproductive fitness, but its mode of action is unknown. We found in a murine model that MMc caused exposure to the noninherited maternal antigens in all offspring, but in some, MMc magnitude was enough to cause membrane alloantigen acquisition (mAAQ; "cross-dressing") of host dendritic cells (DCs). Extracellular vesicle (EV)-enriched serum fractions from mAAQ+, but not from non-mAAQ, mice reproduced the DC cross-dressing phenomenon in vitro. In vivo, mAAQ was associated with increased expression of immune modulators PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) and CD86 by myeloid DCs (mDCs) and decreased presentation of allopeptide+self-MHC complexes, along with increased PD-L1, on plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Remarkably, both serum EV-enriched fractions and membrane microdomains containing the acquired MHC alloantigens included CD86, but completely excluded PD-L1. In contrast, EV-enriched fractions and microdomains containing allopeptide+self-MHC did not exclude PD-L1. Adoptive transfer of allospecific transgenic CD4 T cells revealed a "split tolerance" status in mAAQ+ mice: T cells recognizing intact acquired MHC alloantigens proliferated, whereas those responding to allopeptide+self-MHC did not. Using isolated pDCs and mDCs for in vitro culture with allopeptide+self-MHC-specific CD4 T cells, we could replicate their normal activation in non-mAAQ mice, and PD-L1-dependent anergy in mAAQ+ hosts. We propose that EVs provide a physiologic link between microchimerism and split tolerance, with implications for tumor immunity, transplantation, autoimmunity, and reproductive success.
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Roh EY, Yoon JH, Shin S, Song EY, Chung HY, Park MH. Frequency of fetal-maternal microchimerism: an analysis of the HLA-DRB1 gene in cord blood and maternal sample pairs. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:2613-2619. [PMID: 27923274 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1259308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the frequency of fetal-maternal microchimerism among cord blood (CB) from a Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We previously developed a nested polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism method for microchimerism detection that is highly sensitive (0.01-0.001%) and specific. We used this method to investigate the frequency of fetal-maternal HLA-DRB1 microchimerism among 153 maternal and 152 CB samples. RESULTS Among the tested pairs, 41.1% exhibited at least one direction of microchimerism, 32.0% of the mothers possessed fetal microchimerism, and 23.4% of the newborns possessed maternal microchimerism. The overall microchimerism frequency was 28.2%. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that the different microchimerism frequencies among population and methods are due to differences in detection specificities and subject characteristics. This study provides basic data on fetal-maternal microchimerism that may be useful for future studies on autoimmune disorder and virtual phenotyping in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Youn Roh
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Seoul Metropolitan Public Cord Blood Bank-ALLCORD , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Yoon
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Seoul Metropolitan Public Cord Blood Bank-ALLCORD , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Shin
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Seoul Metropolitan Public Cord Blood Bank-ALLCORD , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Song
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Chung
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Park
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,d Korea Organ Donation Agency Laboratory , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Martinet J, Bourdenet G, Meliani A, Jean L, Adriouch S, Cohen JL, Mingozzi F, Boyer O. Induction of Hematopoietic Microchimerism by Gene-Modified BMT Elicits Antigen-Specific B and T Cell Unresponsiveness toward Gene Therapy Products. Front Immunol 2016; 7:360. [PMID: 27695454 PMCID: PMC5023671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy is a promising treatment option for hemophilia and other protein deficiencies. However, immune responses against the transgene product represent an obstacle to safe and effective gene therapy, urging for the implementation of tolerization strategies. Induction of a hematopoietic chimerism via bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a potent means for inducing immunological tolerance in solid organ transplantation. OBJECTIVES We reasoned, here, that the same viral vector could be used, first, to transduce BM cells for inducing chimerism-associated transgene-specific immune tolerance and, second, for correcting protein deficiencies by vector-mediated systemic production of the deficient coagulation factor. METHODS Evaluation of strategies to induce B and T cell tolerance was performed using ex vivo gene transfer with lentiviral (LV) vectors encoding coagulation factor IX (FIX) or the SIINFEKL epitope of ovalbumin. Following induction of microchimerism via BMT, animals were challenged with in vivo gene transfer with LV vectors. RESULTS The experimental approach prevented humoral immune response against FIX, resulting in persistence of therapeutic levels of circulating FIX, after LV-mediated gene transfer in vivo. In an ovalbumin model, we also demonstrated that this approach effectively tolerized the CD8+ T cell compartment in an antigen-specific manner. CONCLUSION These results provide the proof-of-concept that inducing a microchimerism by gene-modified BMT is a powerful tool to provide transgene-specific B and T cell tolerance in a gene therapy setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Martinet
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Pathophysiology and Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, CHU Rouen , Rouen , France
| | - Gwladys Bourdenet
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Pathophysiology and Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, CHU Rouen , Rouen , France
| | - Amine Meliani
- U974, INSERM, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Laetitia Jean
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Pathophysiology and Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, CHU Rouen , Rouen , France
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Pathophysiology and Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, CHU Rouen , Rouen , France
| | | | - Federico Mingozzi
- U974, INSERM, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Pathophysiology and Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, CHU Rouen , Rouen , France
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50
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Müller AC, Jakobsen MA, Barington T, Vaag AA, Grunnet LG, Olsen SF, Kamper-Jørgensen M. Microchimerism of male origin in a cohort of Danish girls. Chimerism 2016; 6:65-71. [PMID: 27623703 DOI: 10.1080/19381956.2016.1218583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Male microchimerism, the presence of a small number of male cells, in women has been attributed to prior pregnancies. However, male microchimerism has also been reported in women with only daughters, in nulliparous women and prepubertal girls suggesting that other sources of male microchimerism must exist. The aim of the present study was to examine the presence of male microchimerism in a cohort of healthy nulliparous Danish girls aged 10-15 y using DNA extracted from cells from whole blood (buffy coats) and report the association with potential sources of male cells. A total of 154 girls were studied of which 21 (13.6%) tested positive for male microchimerism. There was a tendency that girls were more likely to test positive for male microchimerism if their mothers previously had received transfusion, had given birth to a son or had had a spontaneous abortion. Furthermore, the oldest girls were more likely to test positive for male microchimerism. However, less than half of microchimerism positivity was attributable to these factors. In conclusion, data suggest that male microchimerism in young girls may originate from an older brother either full born or from a discontinued pregnancy or from transfusion during pregnancy. We speculate that sexual intercourse may be important but other sources of male cells likely exist in young girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Torben Barington
- a Odense University Hospital , Department of Clinical Immunology , Odense , Denmark
| | - Allan Arthur Vaag
- b Rigshospitalet , Department of Endocrinology , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
- c Statens Serum Institut , Department of Epidemiology Research , Center for Fetal Programming , Copenhagen , Denmark
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