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Cardona-Arias JA, Carmona-Fonseca J. Prospective study of malaria in pregnancy, placental and congenital malaria in Northwest Colombia. Malar J 2024; 23:116. [PMID: 38664687 PMCID: PMC11044305 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy Associated Malaria (PAM) include malaria in pregnancy (MiP), placental malaria (PM), and congenital malaria (CM). The evidence available in Colombia on PAM focuses on one of the presentations (MiP, PM or CM), and no study longitudinally analyses the infection from the pregnant woman, passing through the placenta, until culminating in the newborn. This study determined the frequency of MiP, PM, and CM caused by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, or mixed infections, according to Thick Blood Smear (TBS) and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Identifying associated factors of PAM and clinical-epidemiological outcomes in northwestern Colombia. METHODS Prospective study of 431 pregnant women, their placenta, and newborns registered in the data bank of the research Group "Salud y Comunidad César Uribe Piedrahíta" which collected information between 2014 and 2020 in endemic municipalities of the departments of Córdoba and Antioquia. The frequency of infection was determined with 95% confidence intervals. Comparisons were made with the Chi-square test, Student t-test, prevalence ratios, and control for confounding variables by log-binomial regression. RESULTS The frequency of MiP was 22.3% (4.6% using TBS), PM 24.8% (1.4% using TBS), and CM 11.8% (0% using TBS). Using TBS predominated P. vivax. Using qPCR the proportions of P. vivax and P. falciparum were similar for MiP and PM, but P. falciparum predominated in CM. The frequency was higher in nulliparous, and women with previous malaria. The main clinical effects of PAM were anaemia, low birth weight, and abnormal APGAR score. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of infections was not detected with TBS because most cases were submicroscopic (TBS-negative, qPCR-positive). This confirmed the importance of improving the molecular detection of cases. PAM continue being underestimated in the country due to that in Colombia the control programme is based on TBS, despite its outcomes on maternal, and congenital health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Carmona-Fonseca
- School of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA., Research Group Coordinator "Salud y Comunidad-César Uribe Piedrahíta", Medellín, Colombia
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Carbillon L. Fetal growth decline may reflect placental dysfunction and high stillbirth risk in mothers with obesity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:101-102. [PMID: 37722573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Carbillon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France; Sorbonne Paris North University, Villetaneuse, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France.
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Osborne B, Dancey SR, Mery E, Oltean I, Bijelić V, de Nanassy J, Lawrence SL, Moretti F, El Demellawy D. Impact of villitis of unknown etiology and adverse acute neonatal outcomes in Eastern Ontario. Placenta 2023; 144:23-28. [PMID: 37952366 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) is a histopathological lesion associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. We seek to define the obscure relationship between the severity and distribution of VUE and adverse neonatal outcomes. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of pathologic findings from singleton placentas diagnosed with VUE between 2013 and 2019. Control placentas were matched 1:1 for gestational age and presence/absence of fetal IUGR. Neonatal outcomes of interest included: newborn resuscitation, NICU admission, Apgar scores and cord blood acidosis. Odds ratio and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated with controls as the reference. RESULTS 452 placentas were included. 35 % of pregnancies were complicated by IUGR. When analyzed by severity (low-grade: OR = 4.75 [2.86-8.14]; high-grade: OR = 4.76 [2.71-8.79]) and distribution (focal: OR = 5.24 [2.87-10.17]; multifocal: OR = 4.90 [2.90-8.59]), VUE was significantly associated with need for newborn resuscitation. No other neonatal outcomes of interest were significantly associated with VUE diagnosis. DISCUSSION We determined a statistically significant association between VUE severity and distribution and the need for newborn resuscitation. VUE lesions were not associated with any additional neonatal outcomes of interest. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these associations for obstetric and neonatal case management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden Osborne
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Sonia R Dancey
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Erika Mery
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Irina Oltean
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Vid Bijelić
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Joseph de Nanassy
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Sarah L Lawrence
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Felipe Moretti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Dina El Demellawy
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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Giouleka S, Siargkas A, Tsakiridis I, Mamopoulos A, Athanasiadis A, Dagklis T. Prenatal diagnosis of bilobate placenta: incidence, risk factors and impact on pregnancy outcomes. J Perinat Med 2023; 51:1132-1138. [PMID: 37548399 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2023-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the incidence and risk factors of bilobate placenta, as well as to assess its impact on preeclampsia (PE), preterm delivery (PTD) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates. METHODS A prospective study of singleton pregnancies, undergoing routine anomaly scan at 20+0-23+6 gestational weeks, was conducted, between 2018 and 2022. The impact of prenatally diagnosed bilobate placenta on PE, PTD and SGA was assessed. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the independent association between bilobate placenta and the main pregnancy outcomes, using specific confounders. Additionally, a risk factor analysis was performed. RESULTS The study population included 6,454 pregnancies; the incidence of prenatally diagnosed bilobate placenta was 2.0 % (n=129). Bilobate placenta was associated with PE (aOR: 1.721; 95 % CI: 1.014-2.922), while no statistically significant association was found between this anatomical variation and SGA (aOR: 1.059; 95 % CI: 0.665-1.686) or PTD (aOR: 1.317; 95 % CI: 0.773-2.246). Furthermore, pregnancies with prenatally diagnosed bilobate placenta had an increased prevalence of abnormal cord insertion (marginal or velamentous) (9.8 vs. 27.1 %; p<0.001) and increased mean UtA PI z-score (0.03 vs. 0.23; p=0.039). Conception via ART (aOR: 3.669; 95 % CI: 2.248-5.989), previous history of 1st trimester miscarriage (aOR: 1.814; 95 % CI: 1.218-2.700) and advancing maternal age (aOR: 1.069; 95 % CI: 1.031-1.110) were identified as major risk factors for bilobate placenta. CONCLUSIONS Bilobate placenta, excluding cases of co-existing vasa previa, is associated with higher incidence of PE, increased mean UtA PI z-score and higher probability of abnormal cord insertion, but not with increased risk for SGA or PTD. It is more common in pregnancies following ART and in women with a previous 1st trimester miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Giouleka
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Siargkas
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsakiridis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Mamopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Athanasiadis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Dagklis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Lin R, Forquer H, Cviko-Pajt A, Schauer GM, Abellar RG, Hedderson M, Kuzniewicz MW, Greenberg MB. Placental Histopathologic Findings of a Large Cohort of Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 42:589-596. [PMID: 36811836 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are at a higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Previous small cohort studies have shown increased frequency of placental lesions associated with maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, and inflammation among patients with SARS-CoV-2, without controlling for cardiometabolic risk factors among many such patients. We aimed to evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is independently associated with placental abnormalities when controlling for risk factors that could affect placental histopathology. Retrospective cohort study of placentas from singleton pregnancies in Kaiser Permanente Northern California from March to December 2020. Pathologic findings were compared among those with confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and those without. We examined the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and categorical placental pathologies, controlling for maternal age, gestational age, prepregnancy body mass index, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, preexisting diabetes, history of thrombosis, and stillbirth. A total of 2,989 singleton gestation placentas were analyzed, 416 (13%) from pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 2,573 (86%) from those without infection. Among placentas from pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2, 54.8% had evidence of inflammation, 27.1% maternal malperfusion abnormality, 20.7% massive perivillous fibrin or chronic villitis, 17.3% villous capillary abnormality, and 15.1% fetal malperfusion. After controlling for risks factors and stratifying interval time between SARS-CoV-2 infection and delivery, no association was found between placental abnormalities and SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 infection was not associated with an increased risk of placentally mediated adverse outcomes during pregnancy, compared with placentas sent for other indications, in this large diverse cohort.
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Petersen JM, Parker SE, Dukes KA, Hutcheon JA, Ahrens KA, Werler MM. Machine learning-based placental clusters and their associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023; 37:350-361. [PMID: 36441121 PMCID: PMC10175084 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental abnormalities have been described in clinical convenience samples, with predominately adverse outcomes. Few studies have described placental patterns in unselected samples. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate associations between co-occurring placental features and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a prospective cohort of singletons. METHODS Data were from the Safe Passage study (U.S. and South Africa, 2007-2015). Before 24 weeks' gestation, participants were randomly invited to donate placental tissue at delivery for blinded, standardised pathological examination. We used hierarchical clustering to construct statistically derived groups using 60 placental features. We estimated associations between the placental clusters and select adverse pregnancy outcomes, expressed as unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and robust 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS We selected a 7-cluster model. After collapsing 2 clusters to form the reference group, we labelled the resulting 6 analytic clusters according to the overarching category of their most predominant feature(s): severe maternal vascular malperfusion (n = 117), fetal vascular malperfusion (n = 222), other vascular malperfusion (n = 516), inflammation 1 (n = 269), inflammation 2 (n = 175), and normal (n = 706). Risks for all outcomes were elevated in the severe maternal vascular malperfusion cluster. For instance, in unadjusted analyses, this cluster had 12 times the risk of stillbirth (RR 12.07, 95% CI 4.20, 34.68) and an almost doubling in the risk of preterm delivery (RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.27, 2.93) compared with the normal cluster. Small infant size was more common among the abnormal clusters, with the highest unadjusted RRs observed in the fetal vascular malperfusion cluster (small for gestational age birth RR 2.99, 95% CI 2.24, 3.98, head circumference <10th percentile RR 2.86, 95% CI 1.60, 5.12). Upon adjustment for known risk factors, most RRs attenuated but remained >1. CONCLUSION Our study adds to the growing body of epidemiologic research, finding adverse pregnancy outcomes may occur through etiologic mechanisms involving co-occurring placental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvani, USA
| | - Samantha E Parker
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dukes
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts, Boston, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hutcheon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's and Women's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine A Ahrens
- Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Martha M Werler
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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O'Hare CB, Mangin-Heimos KS, Gu H, Edmunds M, Bebbington M, Lee CK, He M, Ortinau CM. Placental delayed villous maturation is associated with fetal congenital heart disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:231.e1-231.e11. [PMID: 35985515 PMCID: PMC10436378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta is crucial for the overall development and lifelong health of the fetus. Abnormal placental development and function occur in pregnancies with fetal congenital heart disease. However, studies that use standardized diagnostic criteria and incorporate control populations are lacking. This limits the generalizability of current research and the ability to determine the specific placental abnormalities associated with congenital heart disease. OBJECTIVE This study applied consensus statement guidelines (known as the Amsterdam criteria) for placental pathology interpretation to compare the frequency and pattern of abnormalities in pregnancies with fetal congenital heart disease to demographically matched control pregnancies and evaluate for differences in placental abnormalities by cardiac physiology. STUDY DESIGN A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2013 to June 2019. Infants with a prenatal diagnosis of moderate-severe congenital heart disease who were born at ≥37 weeks of gestation were included. A control group born at ≥37 weeks of gestation but without fetal congenital heart disease or other major pregnancy complications was matched to the congenital heart disease group on maternal race and ethnicity and infant sex. Using the Amsterdam criteria, placental pathology findings were categorized as delayed villous maturation, maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, and inflammatory lesions. The frequency of placental abnormalities was compared between groups, and logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of clinical and sociodemographic factors with delayed villous maturation, maternal vascular malperfusion, and fetal vascular malperfusion. RESULTS There were 194 pregnancies with fetal congenital heart disease and 105 controls included, of whom 83% in the congenital heart disease group and 82% in the control group were of non-Hispanic White race and ethnicity. Compared with controls, pregnancies with fetal congenital heart disease had higher rates of delayed villous maturation (6% vs 19%; P<.001) and maternal vascular malperfusion (19% vs 34%; P=.007) but not fetal vascular malperfusion (6% vs 10%; P=.23). Infants with congenital heart disease with 2-ventricle anatomy displayed the highest odds of delayed villous maturation compared with controls (odds ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-15.7; P<.01). Maternal vascular malperfusion was 2.2 times higher (P=.02) for infants with 2-ventricle anatomy and 2.9 times higher (P=.02) for infants with single-ventricle physiology with pulmonic obstruction. Within the congenital heart disease group, delayed villous maturation was associated with higher maternal body mass index, polyhydramnios, larger infant birth head circumference, and infant respiratory support in the delivery room, whereas maternal vascular malperfusion was associated with oligohydramnios. In multivariable models adjusting for cardiac diagnosis, associations of delayed villous maturation persisted for infant birth head circumference (odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.5; P=.02) and infant respiratory support in the delivery room (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-6.5; P=.007). CONCLUSION Pregnancies with fetal congenital heart disease displayed higher rates of delayed villous maturation and maternal vascular malperfusion than controls, suggesting that placental maldevelopment may relate to maternal factors. Future investigations are needed to determine the association of these abnormalities with postnatal infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare B O'Hare
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
| | - Kathryn S Mangin-Heimos
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Hongjie Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Michael Bebbington
- Department of Women's Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Caroline K Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mai He
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Cynthia M Ortinau
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Fosheim IK, Jacobsen DP, Sugulle M, Alnaes-Katjavivi P, Fjeldstad HES, Ueland T, Lekva T, Staff AC. Serum amyloid A1 and pregnancy zone protein in pregnancy complications and correlation with markers of placental dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100794. [PMID: 36334725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and chronic hypertension), diabetes mellitus, and placental dysfunction confer an increased risk of long-term maternal cardiovascular disease. Preeclampsia is also associated with acute atherosis that involves lesions of uteroplacental spiral arteries, resembling early stages of atherosclerosis. Serum amyloid A1 is involved in hypercoagulability and atherosclerosis and may aggregate into amyloid-aggregations of misfolded proteins. Pregnancy zone protein may inhibit amyloid aggregation. Amyloid is involved in Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease; it has been identified in preeclampsia, but its role in preeclampsia pathophysiology is unclear. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that serum amyloid A1 would be increased and pregnancy zone protein decreased in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and diabetic pregnancies and that serum amyloid A1 and pregnancy zone protein would correlate with placental dysfunction markers (fetal growth restriction and dysregulated angiogenic biomarkers) and acute atherosis. STUDY DESIGN Serum amyloid A1 is measurable in both the serum and plasma. In our study, plasma from 549 pregnancies (normotensive, euglycemic controls: 258; early-onset preeclampsia: 71; late-onset preeclampsia: 98; gestational hypertension: 30; chronic hypertension: 9; diabetes mellitus: 83) was assayed for serum amyloid A1 and pregnancy zone protein. The serum levels of angiogenic biomarkers soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and placental growth factor were available for 547 pregnancies, and the results of acute atherosis evaluation were available for 313 pregnancies. The clinical characteristics and circulating biomarkers were compared between the pregnancy groups using the Mann-Whitney U, chi-squared, or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Spearman's rho was calculated for assessing correlations. RESULTS In early-onset preeclampsia, serum amyloid A1 was increased compared with controls (17.1 vs 5.1 µg/mL, P<.001), whereas pregnancy zone protein was decreased (590 vs 892 µg/mL, P=.002). Pregnancy zone protein was also decreased in diabetes compared with controls (683 vs 892 µg/mL, P=.01). Serum amyloid A1 was associated with placental dysfunction (fetal growth restriction, elevated soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 to placental growth factor ratio). Pregnancy zone protein correlated negatively with soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 to placental growth factor ratio in all study groups. Acute atherosis was not associated with serum amyloid A1 or pregnancy zone protein. CONCLUSION Proteins involved in atherosclerosis, hypercoagulability, and protein misfolding are dysregulated in early-onset preeclampsia and placental dysfunction, which links them and potentially contributes to future maternal cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid K Fosheim
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, Ueland, and Staff); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, and Staff).
| | - Daniel P Jacobsen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, and Staff)
| | - Meryam Sugulle
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, Ueland, and Staff); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, and Staff)
| | - Patji Alnaes-Katjavivi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, Ueland, and Staff); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, and Staff)
| | - Heidi E S Fjeldstad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, Ueland, and Staff); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, and Staff)
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, Ueland, and Staff); Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Ueland and Lekva); K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (Dr Ueland)
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Ueland and Lekva)
| | - Anne C Staff
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, Ueland, and Staff); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Fosheim, Jacobsen, Sugulle, Alnaes-Katjavivi, Fjeldstad, and Staff)
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Esposito DB, Bateman B, Werler M, Straub L, Mogun H, Hernandez-Diaz S, Huybrechts K. Ischemic Placental Disease, Preterm Delivery, and Their Association With Opioid Use During Pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:759-768. [PMID: 34165143 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids affect placental development and function in animal models, but human data on their association with ischemic placental disease are limited. Using a cohort of pregnant women in the US nationwide Medicaid Analytic eXtract (2000-2014), we compared women with ≥2 opioid dispensings in pregnancy with unexposed women. Given an uncertain etiologically relevant window, we assessed exposure occurring in early pregnancy, late and not early pregnancy, and both early and late pregnancy. For placental abruption, preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA), and preeclampsia, we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for demographic factors, indications/comorbidities, and medications. Among 1,833,871 eligible pregnancies, ≥2 opioid dispensings were filled in 6.5%. We observed an early exposure aHR of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.26, 1.43) for placental abruption, 1.21 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.23) for preterm delivery, 1.13 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.17) for SGA, and 0.95 (0.91, 0.98) for preeclampsia. Estimates for late exposure were attenuated. Early and late exposure was associated with higher aHRs for placental abruption, 1.62 (95% CI: 1.47, 1.78); preterm delivery, 1.37 (95% CI: 1.33, 1.42); and SGA, 1.26 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.33); but not preeclampsia, 0.99 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.05). Prescription opioids may modestly increase risk of placental abruption, preterm birth and SGA, but they do not appear to be associated with preeclampsia.
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Ananth CV, Brandt JS. Invited Commentary: Intermittent Opioid Use and Ischemic Placental Disease-Clarifying Associations With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:769-772. [PMID: 34528062 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Discomfort and, to a lesser extent, pain are common complaints during pregnancy, and some patients may turn to opioids for pain relief. Esposito et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(5):759-768) report associations between intermittent exposure to opioids during pregnancy and the risk of ischemic placental disease-a syndrome that includes preeclampsia, placental abruption, births that are small for gestational age, and preterm delivery. They found that early opioid exposure in pregnancy was associated with a modestly increased risk for abruption, births that are small for gestational age, and preterm delivery, and both early and late exposures were associated with the greatest risk for these outcomes. Surprisingly, preeclampsia was not associated with opioid use. Through quantitative bias analysis, the authors cleverly tackle a number of biases to assess their roles in explaining the associations, including unmeasured confounding, outcome misclassification, and residual confounding; none exerted strong influences on the associations. Although the findings appear fairly robust on the surface, the lack of association between intermittent opioid use and preeclampsia, and important differences in characteristics of patients in the opioid-exposed group compared with the unexposed group, suggest that further study is needed to clarify the relationship between intermittent opioid use, lifestyle factors, and ischemic placental disease risk.
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Abbara A, Al-Memar M, Phylactou M, Daniels E, Patel B, Eng PC, Nadir R, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Clarke SA, Mills EG, Hunjan T, Pacuszka E, Yang L, Bech P, Tan T, Comninos AN, Kelsey TW, Kyriacou C, Fourie H, Bourne T, Dhillo WS. Changes in Circulating Kisspeptin Levels During Each Trimester in Women With Antenatal Complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e71-e83. [PMID: 34427658 PMCID: PMC8684464 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Antenatal complications such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes (GDM), and preterm birth (PTB) are associated with placental dysfunction. Kisspeptin has emerged as a putative marker of placental function, but limited data exist describing circulating kisspeptin levels across all 3 trimesters in women with antenatal complications. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess whether kisspeptin levels are altered in women with antenatal complications. METHODS Women with antenatal complications (n = 105) and those with uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 265) underwent serial ultrasound scans and blood sampling at the Early Pregnancy Assessment Unit at Hammersmith Hospital, UK, at least once during each trimester (March 2014 to March 2017). The women with antenatal complications (HDP [n = 32], FGR [n = 17], GDM [n = 35], PTB [n = 11], and multiple complications [n=10]) provided 373 blood samples and the controls provided 930 samples. Differences in circulating kisspeptin levels were assessed. RESULTS Third-trimester kisspeptin levels were higher than controls in HDP but lower in FGR. The odds of HDP adjusted for gestational age, maternal age, ethnicity, BMI, smoking, and parity were increased by 30% (95% CI, 16%-47%; P < 0.0001), and of FGR were reduced by 28% (95% CI, 4-46%; P = 0.025), for every 1 nmol/L increase in plasma kisspeptin. Multiple of gestation-specific median values of kisspeptin were higher in pregnancies affected by PTB (P = 0.014) and lower in those with GDM (P = 0.020), but not significantly on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION We delineate changes in circulating kisspeptin levels at different trimesters and evaluate the potential of kisspeptin as a biomarker for antenatal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Maya Al-Memar
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Maria Phylactou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Elisabeth Daniels
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Bijal Patel
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Pei C Eng
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Rans Nadir
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Sophie A Clarke
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Edouard G Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Tia Hunjan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Ewa Pacuszka
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Lisa Yang
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Paul Bech
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Tricia Tan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
| | - Tom W Kelsey
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Christopher Kyriacou
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Hanine Fourie
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Tom Bourne
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: Prof. Tom Bourne, PhD, Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK.
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12, UK
- Prof. Waljit S. Dhillo, PhD, Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK.
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12
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Simon N, Shallat J, Houck J, Jagannathan P, Prahl M, Muhindo MK, Kakuru A, Olwoch P, Feeney ME, Harrington WE. Peripheral Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Early Pregnancy Is Associated With Increased Maternal Microchimerism in the Offspring. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:2105-2112. [PMID: 34010401 PMCID: PMC8672744 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental malaria has been associated with increased cord blood maternal microchimerism (MMc), which in turn may affect susceptibility to malaria in the offspring. We sought to determine the impact of maternal peripheral Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia during pregnancy on MMc and to determine whether maternal cells expand during primary parasitemia in the offspring. METHODS We conducted a nested cohort study of maternal-infant pairs from a prior pregnancy malaria chemoprevention study. Maternal microchimerism was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting a maternal-specific marker in genomic DNA from cord blood, first P falciparum parasitemia, and preparasitemia. Logistic and negative binomial regression were used to assess the impact of maternal peripheral parasitemia, symptomatic malaria, and placental malaria on cord blood MMc. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess predictors of MMc during infancy. RESULTS Early maternal parasitemia was associated with increased detection of cord blood MMc (adjusted odds ratio = 3.91, P = .03), whereas late parasitemia, symptomatic malaria, and placental malaria were not. The first parasitemia episode in the infant was not associated with increased MMc relative to preparasitemia. CONCLUSIONS Maternal parasitemia early in pregnancy may increase the amount of MMc acquired by the fetus. Future work should investigate the impact of this MMc on immune responses in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Simon
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jaclyn Shallat
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Houck
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Mary Prahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary K Muhindo
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abel Kakuru
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Olwoch
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Whitney E Harrington
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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13
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Page AE, Partridge E, Erol E, Scoggin KE, Fedorka CE, Ruby RE, Ball BA, Horohov DW, Adam E. Development and Use of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Determine Temporal Exposure Patterns to Putative Agents of Nocardioform Placentitis. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 109:103826. [PMID: 34843887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cases of nocardioform placentitis are characterized by focal, mucoid placentitis resulting in late-term abortion, premature birth, or small, full-term foals, occur sporadically, and are most commonly associated with Crossiella equi and Amycolatopsis spp. infection. The goal of this project was to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantifying antibodies against Crossiella equi and Amycolatopsis spp. and utilize the ELISA to determine when exposure occurs. Serum samples collected during the 2020 foaling season from Crossiella equi (n = 8) and Amycolatopsis spp. (n = 32) infected mares, as well as nonaffected mares (n = 51 mares), were used to develop and optimize bacteria-specific ELISAs. Following development of the ELISAs, banked serum samples from a single, central Kentucky Thoroughbred farm collected during 2012 to 2013 (n = 104 mares) and 2013-14 (n = 82 mares) were analyzed. Differences in various groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Crossiella equi-infected mares had significantly higher ELISA unit (EU) values on the Crossiella equi ELISA near parturition when compared to the other two groups (P < .001). Using the Amycolatopsis spp. ELISA, EU values were not significantly different between Amycolatopsis spp. infected and non-affected mares, suggesting this ELISA is not specific for Amycolatopsis spp. During 2013 to 2014, there were significant increases in EU values between June and late September for the Crossiella equi ELISA, suggesting exposure in the summer and early fall months. Data from the Crossiella equi ELISA may help provide a better understanding of the epidemiology of nocardioform placentitis, guide the development of a successful experimental challenge model, and allow for further refinement of these ELISAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen E Page
- University of Kentucky Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY.
| | - Emma Partridge
- University of Kentucky Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY
| | - Erdal Erol
- University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Lexington, KY
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- University of Kentucky Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY
| | - Carleigh E Fedorka
- University of Kentucky Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY
| | - Rebecca E Ruby
- University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Lexington, KY
| | - Barry A Ball
- University of Kentucky Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY
| | - David W Horohov
- University of Kentucky Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY
| | - Emma Adam
- University of Kentucky Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY
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14
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Aguinaga M, Valdespino Y, Medina D, Espino Y Sosa S, Sevilla R, Miranda O, Acevedo S, Monroy IE, Helguera AC, Pérez J, Mariscal LF, Murillo MR, Lara RM, Armijos JC, Rogel G, Cardona JA. Causal analysis of fetal death in high-risk pregnancies. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:740-747. [PMID: 33735952 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the causes of fetal death among the stillbirths using two classification systems from 22 weeks of gestation in a period of three years in high-risk pregnancies. This is a retrospective observational study. METHODS The National Institute of Perinatal Health in Mexico City is a Level 3 care referral center attending high-risk pregnancies from throughout the country. The population consisted of patients with fetal death during a three-year period. Between January 2016 and December 2018, all stillbirths were examined in the Pathology Department by a pathologist and a medical geneticist. Stillbirth was defined as a fetal death occurring after 22 weeks of gestation. RESULTS Main outcome measures: Causal analysis of fetal death using the International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems-Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) and initial causes of fetal death (INCODE) classification systems. A total of 297 stillborn neonates were studied. The distribution of gestational age in antepartum stillbirths (55.2%) showed a bimodal curve, 36% occurred between 24 and 27 weeks and 32% between 32 and 36 weeks. In comparison, the majority (86%) of intrapartum deaths (44.8%) were less than 28 weeks of gestation. Of the 273 women enrolled, 93 (34%) consented to a complete fetal autopsy. The INCODE system showed a present cause in 42%, a possible cause in 54% and a probable cause in 93% of patients. CONCLUSIONS The principal causes of antepartum death were fetal abnormalities and pathologic placental conditions and the principal causes of intrapartum death were complications of pregnancy which caused a premature labor and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Aguinaga
- Human Genetics and Genomics Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yolotzin Valdespino
- Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Medina
- Human Genetics and Genomics Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Salvador Espino Y Sosa
- Subdirection of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalba Sevilla
- Human Genetics and Genomics Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Osvaldo Miranda
- Obstetrics Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Acevedo
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irma E Monroy
- Human Genetics and Genomics Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Addy C Helguera
- Immunobiochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Pérez
- Human Genetics and Genomics Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa F Mariscal
- Human Genetics and Genomics Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio R Murillo
- Human Genetics and Genomics Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa M Lara
- Human Genetics and Genomics Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica C Armijos
- Human Genetics and Genomics Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rogel
- Human Genetics and Genomics Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Fedorka CE, Scoggin KE, Ruby RE, Erol E, Ball BA. Clinical, pathologic, and epidemiologic features of nocardioform placentitis in the mare. Theriogenology 2021; 171:155-161. [PMID: 34058508 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Placentitis is the leading cause of infectious abortion in the horse and contributes to roughly 19% of all abortions in the United States. A type of placental infection, nocardioform placentitis (NP) is associated with gram-positive branching actinomycetes localized within the ventral body of the feto-maternal interface to create a lymphoplasmacytic mucoid lesion. While the etiology of this disease is poorly described, this placental infection continues to cause episodic abortions in addition to weak and/or growth retarded neonates. The goal of the present study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of pregnancies associated with a nocardioform-affected placenta and make inferences into the epidemiology of this elusive disease. To do so, 264 mares were enrolled in the study, with 145 as having suspected disease (n = 145; NP) either based on pregnancy-related complications or postpartum placental evaluation, while an additional 119 were enrolled as healthy pregnancies (n = 119; CON). Following diagnosis as either NP or CON based on gross and histopathology at the University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, information was gathered on the mares and neonates for comparisons between diseased and healthy pregnancies. Clinically, a significant portion of diseased mares had clinical indications of NP, including premature mammary gland development, thickening of the placenta noted on transrectal ultrasonography, and separation between the chorioallantois and endometrium noted on abdominal ultrasonography, while vulvar discharge was not commonly noted. Additionally, NP was correlated with increased mare age, decreased gestational length, and decreased neonatal weight, although neonatal IgG and WBC were comparable to CON. Incidence of NP was not correlated with last breeding date, pre- and post-breeding therapeutics, parity, prophylactic medications, or housing. Additionally, NP did not affect postpartum fertility. While NP was associated with a poor neonatal outcome (abortion and/or growth retarded neonate), this did not appear to be influenced by the bacteria isolated (Amycolatopsis spp. vs. Crossiella equi), and mares diagnosed with NP do not appear to be infectious to other pregnant mares nor have repetitive years of the disease. Interestingly, lesion size was positively correlated with last breeding date, as mares bred later in the breeding season correlating with a larger placental lesion. In conclusion, while the etiology of NP continues to elude researchers, the epidemiology of this disease has gained clarity, providing inferences into the management of suspect mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Fedorka
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - K E Scoggin
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R E Ruby
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - E Erol
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B A Ball
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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16
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Yamamoto A, Gelberg L, Needleman J, Kominski G, Vangala S, Miyawaki A, Tsugawa Y. Comparison of Childbirth Delivery Outcomes and Costs of Care Between Women Experiencing vs Not Experiencing Homelessness. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e217491. [PMID: 33885772 PMCID: PMC8063065 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.7491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Women and families constitute the fastest-growing segments of the homeless population. However, there is limited evidence on whether women experiencing homelessness have poorer childbirth delivery outcomes and higher costs of care compared with women not experiencing homelessness. OBJECTIVE To compare childbirth delivery outcomes and costs of care between pregnant women experiencing homelessness vs those not experiencing homelessness. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study included 15 029 pregnant women experiencing homelessness and 308 242 pregnant women not experiencing homelessness who had a delivery hospitalization in 2014. The study used statewide databases that included all hospital admissions in 3 states (ie, Florida, Massachusetts, and New York). Delivery outcomes and delivery-associated costs were compared between pregnant women experiencing homelessness and those not experiencing homelessness cared for at the same hospital (analyzed using the overlap propensity-score weighting method and multivariable regression models with hospital fixed effects). The Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate procedure was used to account for multiple comparisons. Data were analyzed from January 2020 through May 2020. EXPOSURE Housing status at delivery hospitalization. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcome variables included obstetric complications (ie, antepartum hemorrhage, placental abnormalities, premature rupture of the membranes, preterm labor, and postpartum hemorrhage), neonatal complications (ie, fetal distress, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth), delivery method (ie, cesarean delivery), and delivery-associated costs. RESULTS Among 15 029 pregnant women experiencing homelessness (mean [SD] age, 28.5 [5.9] years) compared with 308 242 pregnant women not experiencing homelessness (mean [SD] age, 29.4 [5.8] years) within the same hospital, those experiencing homelessness were more likely to experience preterm labor (adjusted probability, 10.5% vs 6.7%; adjusted risk difference [aRD], 3.8%; 95% CI, 1.2%-6.5%; adjusted P = .03) and had higher delivery-associated costs (adjusted costs, $6306 vs $5888; aRD, $417; 95% CI, $156-$680; adjusted P = .02) compared with women not experiencing homelessness. Those experiencing homelessness also had a higher probability of placental abnormalities (adjusted probability, 4.0% vs 2.0%; aRD, 1.9%; 95% CI, 0.4%-3.5%; adjusted P = .053), although this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that women experiencing homelessness, compared with those not experiencing homelessness, who had a delivery and were admitted to the same hospital were more likely to experience preterm labor and incurred higher delivery-associated costs. These findings suggest wide disparities in delivery-associated outcomes between women experiencing homelessness and those not experiencing homelessness in the US. The findings highlight the importance for health care professionals to actively screen pregnant women for homelessness during prenatal care visits and coordinate their care with community health programs and social housing programs to make sure their health care needs are met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayae Yamamoto
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health
- Department of Healthcare Economics, UnitedHealthcare, Cypress, California
| | - Lillian Gelberg
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
- Office of Healthcare Transformation and Innovation, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jack Needleman
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health
- University of California, Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research
| | - Gerald Kominski
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health
- University of California, Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsugawa
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health
- University of California, Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
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17
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Melamed N, Hiersch L, Aviram A, Keating S, Kingdom JC. Customized birth-weight centiles and placenta-related fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57:409-416. [PMID: 33073889 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The value of using customized birth-weight centiles to improve the diagnostic accuracy for fetal growth restriction (FGR), in comparison with using population-based charts, remains a matter of debate. One potential explanation for the conflicting data is that most studies used measures of perinatal mortality and morbidity as proxies for placenta-mediated FGR, many of which are not specific and may be confounded by other factors such as prematurity. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of small-for-gestational age (SGA) at birth, defined according to customized vs population-based charts, for associated abnormal placental pathology. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study on risk factors for placenta-mediated complications and abnormal placental pathology in low-risk nulliparous women. All placentae were sent for detailed histopathological examination by two perinatal pathologists. The primary exposure was SGA, defined as birth weight < 10th centile for gestational age using either a customized (SGAcust ) or a population-based (SGApop ) birth-weight reference. The outcomes of interest were one of three types of abnormal placental pathology associated with FGR: maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), chronic villitis and fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM). Adjusted relative risks (aRR) with 95% CIs were estimated using modified Poisson regression analysis, with adjustment for smoking, body mass index and aspirin treatment. RESULTS A total of 857 nulliparous women met the study criteria. The proportions of infants identified as SGA based on the customized and population-based charts were 12.6% (108/857) and 11.4% (98/857), respectively. A diagnosis of SGA using either customized or population-based charts was associated with an increased risk of any placental pathology (aRR, 3.04 (95% CI, 2.29-4.04) and 1.60 (95% CI, 1.10-2.31), respectively) and MVM pathology (aRR, 12.33 (95% CI, 6.60-23.03) and 5.29 (95% CI, 2.87-9.76), respectively). SGAcust , but not SGApop , was also associated with an increased risk for chronic villitis (aRR, 1.85 (95% CI, 1.07-3.18)) and FVM pathology (aRR, 2.48 (95% CI, 1.25-4.93)). SGAcust had a higher detection rate for any placental pathology (30.3% vs 17.1%; P < 0.001), MVM pathology (63.2% vs 39.5%; P = 0.003) and chronic villitis (20.8% vs 8.3%; P = 0.007) than did SGApop , for a similar false-positive rate. This was mainly the result of a higher detection rate for abnormal pathology in the white and East-Asian subgroups and a lower false-positive rate for abnormal pathology in the South-Asian subgroup by SGAcust than by SGApop . In addition, pregnancies in the SGAcust group, but not those in the SGApop group, were more likely to be complicated by preterm birth and a low 5-min Apgar score than were the corresponding non-SGA group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that customized birth-weight centiles may be superior to population-based birth-weight centiles in detecting FGR that is due to underlying placental disease. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Melamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Hiersch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Aviram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Keating
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J C Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pomar L, Lambert V, Madec Y, Vouga M, Pomar C, Matheus S, Fontanet A, Panchaud A, Carles G, Baud D. Placental infection by Zika virus in French Guiana. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:740-748. [PMID: 31773804 DOI: 10.1002/uog.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe placental findings on prenatal ultrasound and anatomopathological examination in women with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, and to assess their association with congenital ZIKV infection and severe adverse outcome, defined as fetal loss or congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). METHODS This was a prospective study of pregnancies undergoing testing for maternal ZIKV infection at a center in French Guiana during the ZIKV epidemic. In ZIKV-positive women, congenital infection was defined as either a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction result or identification of ZIKV-specific immunoglobulin-M in at least one placental, fetal or neonatal sample. Placental ZIKV-infection status was classified as non-exposed (placentae from non-infected women), exposed (placentae from ZIKV-infected women without congenital infection) or infected (placentae from ZIKV-infected women with proven congenital infection). Placentae were assessed by monthly prenatal ultrasound examinations, measuring placental thickness and umbilical artery Doppler parameters, and by anatomopathological examination after live birth or intrauterine death in women with ZIKV infection. The association of placental thickness during pregnancy and anatomopathological findings with the ZIKV status of the placenta was assessed. The association between placental findings and severe adverse outcome (CZS or fetal loss) in the infected group was also assessed. RESULTS Among 291 fetuses/neonates/placentae from women with proven ZIKV infection, congenital infection was confirmed in 76 cases, of which 16 resulted in CZS and 11 resulted in fetal loss. The 215 remaining placentae from ZIKV-positive women without evidence of congenital ZIKV infection represented the exposed group. A total of 334 placentae from ZIKV-negative pregnant women represented the non-exposed control group. Placentomegaly (placental thickness > 40 mm) was observed more frequently in infected placentae (39.5%) than in exposed placentae (17.2%) or controls (7.2%), even when adjusting for gestational age at diagnosis and comorbidities (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 2.02 (95% CI, 1.22-3.36) and aHR, 3.23 (95% CI, 1.86-5.61), respectively), and appeared earlier in infected placentae. In the infected group, placentomegaly was observed more frequently in cases of CZS (62.5%) or fetal loss (45.5%) than in those with asymptomatic congenital infection (30.6%) (aHR, 5.43 (95% CI, 2.17-13.56) and aHR, 4.95 (95% CI, 1.65-14.83), respectively). Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was observed more frequently in cases of congenital infection resulting in fetal loss than in those with asymptomatic congenital infection (30.0% vs 6.1%; adjusted relative risk (aRR), 4.83 (95% CI, 1.09-20.64)). Infected placentae also exhibited a higher risk for any pathological anomaly than did exposed placentae (62.8% vs 21.6%; aRR, 2.60 (95% CI, 1.40-4.83)). CONCLUSIONS Early placentomegaly may represent the first sign of congenital infection in ZIKV-infected women, and should prompt enhanced follow-up of these pregnancies. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pomar
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department 'Femme-Mère-Enfant', University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, France
| | - V Lambert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, France
| | - Y Madec
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - M Vouga
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department 'Femme-Mère-Enfant', University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Pomar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, France
| | - S Matheus
- Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Institut Pasteur, Cayenne; Environment and Infections Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - A Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- PACRI Unit, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - A Panchaud
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Carles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, France
| | - D Baud
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department 'Femme-Mère-Enfant', University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Awuah SP, Okai I, Ntim EA, Bedu-Addo K. Prevalence, placenta development, and perinatal outcomes of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233817. [PMID: 33119603 PMCID: PMC7595287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common medical problems associated with pregnancy is hypertension. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), which has been attributable to abnormal placentation may have adverse effects on both mother and foetus if left unchecked. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of this condition and its effect on placental morphology as well as maternal and perinatal outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective case-control study, conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Ghana between February 2018 and July 2018. The progression of pregnancy in normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women, and the eventual perinatal outcomes were closely followed. Statistical analysis was performed using IMB-SPSS version 23. Associations were considered significant at p values of ≤ 0.05. RESULTS From a total of 214 deliveries recorded during the period of study, 84 (39.25%) were hypertensives. Forty four (52%) of the hypertensives had preeclampsia, 28 (33.3%) had gestational hypertension, 6 (7.1%) had eclampsia, 4 (4.8%) had chronic hypertension, and 2 (2.4%) had preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. The frequency of placental haematoma, placental infarction, and placental calcification in the normotensives were significantly (p = 0.001) lower than that of the hypertensives. The mean placental weight (p = 0.01), placental volume (p = 0.001), placental diameter (p = 0.03), and placental thickness (p = 0.001) of the normotensives were significantly higher than those of the hypertensives. The number of normotensives in whom labour was induced, who had their babies delivered by caesarean section, and who were admitted after they had given birth were significantly (p = 0.001) lower than that of hypertensives who underwent similar procedures. No stillbirths were recorded in the normotensives compared with four in the hypertensives. The number of babies delivered to the normotensives who were admitted to the NICU was significantly (p = 0.001) lower than those delivered by hypertensives. CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the study site. Pregnant women who developed HDP are at a risk of developing placental abnormalities that adversely affected perinatal outcomes. These adverse effects can be curtailed by embarking on a vigorous health education drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Poku Awuah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Okai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Dentistry, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
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Dube YP, Nyapwere N, Magee LA, Vidler M, Moore SE, Barratt B, Craik R, von Dadelszen P, Makanga PT. Interactions between the Physical and Social Environments with Adverse Pregnancy Events Related to Placental Disorders-A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E5421. [PMID: 32731379 PMCID: PMC7432342 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to different social and physical environments across Africa, understanding how these environments differ in interacting with placental disorders will play an important role in developing effective interventions. METHODS A scoping review was conducted, to identify current knowledge on interactions between the physical and social environment and the incidence of placental disease in Africa. RESULTS Heavy metals were said to be harmful when environmental concentrations are beyond critical limits. Education level, maternal age, attendance of antenatal care and parity were the most investigated social determinants. CONCLUSIONS More evidence is needed to determine the relationships between the environment and placental function in Africa. The results show that understanding the nature of the relationship between social determinants of health (SDH) and placental health outcomes plays a pivotal role in understanding the risk in the heterogenous communities in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolisa Prudence Dube
- Department of Surveying and Geomatics, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; (N.N.); (P.T.M.)
| | - Newton Nyapwere
- Department of Surveying and Geomatics, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; (N.N.); (P.T.M.)
| | - Laura A. Magee
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (L.A.M.); (S.E.M.); (R.C.); (P.v.D.)
| | - Marianne Vidler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Suite 930, 1125 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada;
| | - Sophie E. Moore
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (L.A.M.); (S.E.M.); (R.C.); (P.v.D.)
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit, LSHTM Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara P. O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Benjamin Barratt
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, Michael Uren Biomedical Engineering Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK;
- NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, Michael Uren Biomedical Engineering Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Rachel Craik
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (L.A.M.); (S.E.M.); (R.C.); (P.v.D.)
| | - Peter von Dadelszen
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (L.A.M.); (S.E.M.); (R.C.); (P.v.D.)
| | - Prestige Tatenda Makanga
- Department of Surveying and Geomatics, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; (N.N.); (P.T.M.)
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Maghsoudlou S, Beyene J, Yu ZM, McDonald SD. Phenotypic Classification of preterm Birth Among Multiparous Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2019; 41:1433-1443.e12. [PMID: 31281043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth developed a phenotypic classification for preterm birth using clinical presentation (rather than risk factors) to improve surveillance. The objective of this study was to determine distributions of preterm birth phenotypes and associations with Caesarean section, low Apgar score, and neonatal death in multiparous women, stratifying by first versus recurrent preterm births. METHODS This population-based cohort study used the Better Outcomes Registry and Network (BORN) of multiparous women giving birth in hospital with a singleton after 20 weeks in Ontario from 2012 to 2014 (Canadian Task Force Classification II-2). RESULTS In multiparous women with preterm birth, 29.6% had a history of recurrence, of whom 66.2% had at least one clinical condition associated with the phenotypic model, compared with 63.5% of first preterm births. In recurrent preterm births, criteria for maternal, fetal, and placental conditions were met in 44.5%, 37.9%, and 8.2%, respectively, compared with 36.8%, 39.0%, and 10.4%, respectively, of first preterm births. Associations of preterm birth with Caesarean section, low Apgar score, and neonatal death varied across clinical conditions but were similar between first and recurrent preterm births; for example, for recurrent preterm birth, Caesarean section for maternal, fetal, and placental conditions had odds ratios of 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-2.07), 1.09 (95% CI 0.80-1.49), and 3.92 (95% CI 1.98-7.78), compared with first preterm birth odds ratios of 1.21 (95% CI 1.03-1.41), 0.92 (95% CI 0.77-1.10), and 6.24 (95% CI 4.07-9.56). CONCLUSION This study provides novel evidence of the utility of the preterm birth phenotypic classification model by using stratification for previous preterm birth, a robust predictor-with variation in phenotypes in initial and recurrent preterm births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Maghsoudlou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Zhijie Michael Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Sarah D McDonald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON; Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON.
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Sepúlveda-Martínez Á, Rodríguez-López M, Paz Y Miño F, Casu G, Crovetto F, Gratacós E, Crispi F. Transgenerational transmission of small-for-gestational age. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 53:623-629. [PMID: 30207012 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the transgenerational transmission of small-for-gestational age (SGA). METHODS This was a cohort study of a random sample of 2043 offspring delivered between 1975 and 1993 at Hospital Sant Joan de Déu in Barcelona. Exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancy, aneuploidy or genetic syndrome, major birth defects, severe mental disease and macrosomia. Eligible individuals were contacted and those with at least one offspring were included in the study. Participants were classified according to the presence of SGA (defined as birth weight < 10th percentile) at birth. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the presence of SGA or placenta-mediated disease (defined as the presence of SGA, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension and/or placental abruption) in the following generation. RESULTS Of 623 individuals who agreed to participate, 152 (72 born SGA and 80 born appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA)) were reported to have at least one child. Descendants of SGA individuals presented with a lower birth-weight percentile (median, 26 (interquartile range (IQR), 7-52) vs 43 (IQR, 19-75); P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of SGA (40.3% vs 16.3%; P = 0.001) and placenta-mediated disease (43.1% vs 17.5%; P = 0.001) than did the offspring of AGA individuals. After adjustment for confounding variables, parental SGA background was associated with an almost three-fold increased risk of subsequent SGA or any placenta-mediated disease in the following generation. This association was stronger in SGA mothers than in SGA fathers. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence suggesting a transgenerational transmission of SGA, highlighting the importance of public health strategies for preventing intrauterine growth impairment. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á Sepúlveda-Martínez
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia Obstetricia i Neonatologia, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER-ER, Barcelona, Spain
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - M Rodríguez-López
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia Obstetricia i Neonatologia, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER-ER, Barcelona, Spain
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Seccional Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - F Paz Y Miño
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia Obstetricia i Neonatologia, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER-ER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Casu
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia Obstetricia i Neonatologia, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER-ER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Crovetto
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia Obstetricia i Neonatologia, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER-ER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Gratacós
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia Obstetricia i Neonatologia, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER-ER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Crispi
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia Obstetricia i Neonatologia, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER-ER, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recommends intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria for all women who live in moderate to high malaria transmission areas in Africa. However, parasite resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has been increasing steadily in some areas of the region. Moreover, HIV-infected women on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis cannot receive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine because of potential drug interactions. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify alternative drugs for prevention of malaria in pregnancy. One such candidate is mefloquine. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women, specifically, to evaluate:• the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women; and• the impact of HIV status, gravidity, and use of insecticide-treated nets on the effects of mefloquine. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), the Malaria in Pregnancy Library, and two trial registers up to 31 January 2018. In addition, we checked references and contacted study authors to identify additional studies, unpublished data, confidential reports, and raw data from published trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing mefloquine IPT or mefloquine prophylaxis against placebo, no treatment, or an alternative drug regimen. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened all records identified by the search strategy, applied inclusion criteria, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data. We contacted trial authors to ask for additional information when required. Dichotomous outcomes were compared using risk ratios (RRs), count outcomes as incidence rate ratios (IRRs), and continuous outcomes using mean differences (MDs). We have presented all measures of effect with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach for the following main outcomes of analysis: maternal peripheral parasitaemia at delivery, clinical malaria episodes during pregnancy, placental malaria, maternal anaemia at delivery, low birth weight, spontaneous abortions and stillbirths, dizziness, and vomiting. MAIN RESULTS Six trials conducted between 1987 and 2013 from Thailand (1), Benin (3), Gabon (1), Tanzania (1), Mozambique (2), and Kenya (1) that included 8192 pregnant women met our inclusion criteria.Two trials (with 6350 HIV-uninfected pregnant women) compared two IPTp doses of mefloquine with two IPTp doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Two other trials involving 1363 HIV-infected women compared three IPTp doses of mefloquine plus cotrimoxazole with cotrimoxazole. One trial in 140 HIV-infected women compared three doses of IPTp-mefloquine with cotrimoxazole. Finally, one trial enrolling 339 of unknown HIV status compared mefloquine prophylaxis with placebo.Study participants included women of all gravidities and of all ages (four trials) or > 18 years (two trials). Gestational age at recruitment was > 20 weeks (one trial), between 16 and 28 weeks (three trials), or ≤ 28 weeks (two trials). Two of the six trials blinded participants and personnel, and only one had low risk of detection bias for safety outcomes.When compared with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, IPTp-mefloquine results in a 35% reduction in maternal peripheral parasitaemia at delivery (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.86; 5455 participants, 2 studies; high-certainty evidence) but may have little or no effect on placental malaria infections (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.86; 4668 participants, 2 studies; low-certainty evidence). Mefloquine results in little or no difference in the incidence of clinical malaria episodes during pregnancy (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.83, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.05, 2 studies; high-certainty evidence). Mefloquine decreased maternal anaemia at delivery (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94; 5469 participants, 2 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). Data show little or no difference in the proportions of low birth weight infants (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.17; 5641 participants, 2 studies; high-certainty evidence) and in stillbirth and spontaneous abortion rates (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.58; 6219 participants, 2 studies; I2 statistic = 0%; moderate-certainty evidence). IPTp-mefloquine increased drug-related vomiting (RR 4.76, 95% CI 4.13 to 5.49; 6272 participants, 2 studies; high-certainty evidence) and dizziness (RR 4.21, 95% CI 3.36 to 5.27; participants = 6272, 2 studies; moderate-certainty evidence).When compared with cotrimoxazole, IPTp-mefloquine plus cotrimoxazole probably results in a 48% reduction in maternal peripheral parasitaemia at delivery (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.93; 989 participants, 2 studies; moderate-certainty evidence) and a 72% reduction in placental malaria (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.57; 977 participants, 2 studies; moderate-certainty evidence) but has little or no effect on the incidence of clinical malaria episodes during pregnancy (IRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.76, 1 study; high-certainty evidence) and probably no effect on maternal anaemia at delivery (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.20; 1197 participants, 2 studies; moderate-certainty evidence), low birth weight rates (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.60; 1220 participants, 2 studies; moderate-certainty evidence), and rates of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.42 to 2.98; 1347 participants, 2 studies; very low-certainty evidence). Mefloquine was associated with higher risks of drug-related vomiting (RR 7.95, 95% CI 4.79 to 13.18; 1055 participants, one study; high-certainty evidence) and dizziness (RR 3.94, 95% CI 2.85 to 5.46; 1055 participants, 1 study; high-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Mefloquine was more efficacious than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in HIV-uninfected women or daily cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-infected pregnant women for prevention of malaria infection and was associated with lower risk of maternal anaemia, no adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes (such as stillbirths and abortions), and no effects on low birth weight and prematurity. However, the high proportion of mefloquine-related adverse events constitutes an important barrier to its effectiveness for malaria preventive treatment in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González
- Hospital Clínic ‐ Universitat de BarcelonaISGlobalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Clara Pons‐Duran
- Hospital Clínic ‐ Universitat de BarcelonaISGlobalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mireia Piqueras
- Hospital Clínic ‐ Universitat de BarcelonaISGlobalBarcelonaSpain
| | - John J Aponte
- Hospital Clínic ‐ Universitat de BarcelonaISGlobalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Feiko O ter Kuile
- Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesPembroke PlaceLiverpoolMerseysideUKL3 5QA
| | - Clara Menéndez
- Hospital Clínic ‐ Universitat de BarcelonaISGlobalBarcelonaSpain
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Zhang Q, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang C, Tang Z, Li H, Huang X, Ouyang F, Huang H, Liu Z. Severe vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester is associated with placental inflammation in high-risk singleton pregnancy. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1921-1926. [PMID: 30031659 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a worldwide epidemic. This study aimed to identify whether vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy is associated with placental inflammation in high-risk pregnancy. METHODS This study comprised 23,396 women who provided serum samples in the first trimester for vitamin D analysis from January 2015 to December 2016. Among them, 2648 women with high-risk pregnancy underwent placental pathologic examination. Women were divided into placental inflammation positive (PIP) and placental inflammation negative (PIN) groups based on placental pathology. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and placental inflammation. RESULTS We found that severe vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy was associated with placental inflammation. Maternal vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the PIP group than those in the PIN group (P = 0.025). Compared with the highest quartile of vitamin D levels, risk for placental inflammation was significantly higher in women with extremely low vitamin D levels (<5th percentile; P = 0.012). The effect estimate was slightly decreased but still significant (P = 0.027) after adjusting for maternal age, gestational age at birth, birth weight, infant sex, and sample collection season. In addition, compared with the PIN group, the incidences of adverse neonatal outcomes, including sepsis (0.5% vs 2.4%) and fetal intrauterine infection (5.7% vs 15.6%), were significantly higher in the PIP group than that in the PIN group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Severe vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester is a risk factor for placental inflammation in high-risk pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20030, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Departments of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Yi Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20030, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20030, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20030, China
| | - Hong Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20030, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20030, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20030, China.
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20030, China.
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Berger VK, Sparks TN, Jelin AC, Derderian C, Jeanty C, Gosnell K, Mackenzie T, Gonzalez JM. Non-Immune Hydrops Fetalis: Do Placentomegaly and Polyhydramnios Matter? J Ultrasound Med 2018; 37:1185-1191. [PMID: 29076544 PMCID: PMC6029704 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polyhydramnios and placentomegaly are commonly observed in nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF); however, whether their ultrasonographic identification is relevant for prognosis is controversial. We evaluated outcomes of fetal or neonatal death and preterm birth (PTB) in cases of NIHF alone and in those with polyhydramnios and/or placentomegaly (P/PM). METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort of singletons with NIHF evaluated between 1994 and 2013. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis was defined as 2 or more abnormal fluid collections, including ascites, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and skin edema. Primary outcomes were intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) and neonatal death. Secondary outcomes were PTB (<37, < 34, and <28 weeks) and spontaneous PTB. Outcomes were compared between cases of NIHF alone and NIHF with P/PM. RESULTS A total of 153 cases were included; 21% (32 of 153) had NIHF alone, and 79% (121 of 153) had NIHF with P/PM. There was no significant difference in neonatal death (38.1% versus 43.0%; P = .809) between the groups. Intrauterine fetal demise was seen more frequently in NIHF alone (34.4% versus 17.4%; P = .049). Nonimmune hydrops fetalis-with-P/PM cases were more likely to deliver before 37 weeks (80.0% versus 57.1%; P = .045) and before 34 weeks (60.0% versus 28.6%; P = .015) and to have spontaneous PTB (64.4% versus 33.3%; P = .042). Adjusted odds ratios accounting for the etiology of NIHF supported these findings, with the exception of IUFD. CONCLUSIONS Compared to NIHF alone, pregnancies with NIHF and P/PM had a lower risk of IUFD and were at increased risk of PTB (<37 and <34 weeks) and spontaneous PTB. This information may help providers in counseling patients with NIHF and supports the need for close antenatal surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Berger
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Teresa N Sparks
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Angie C Jelin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of General Surgery, St Mary's Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chris Derderian
- Department of General Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cerine Jeanty
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kristen Gosnell
- Fetal Treatment Center , University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tippi Mackenzie
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Fetal Treatment Center , University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Juan M Gonzalez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Fetal Treatment Center , University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Doritchamou JYA, Akuffo RA, Moussiliou A, Luty AJF, Massougbodji A, Deloron P, Tuikue Ndam NG. Submicroscopic placental infection by non-falciparum Plasmodium spp. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006279. [PMID: 29432484 PMCID: PMC5825172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the Plasmodium species that infect humans, adverse effects of P. falciparum and P. vivax have been extensively studied and reported with respect to poor outcomes particularly in first time mothers and in pregnant women living in areas with unstable malaria transmission. Although, other non-falciparum malaria infections during pregnancy have sometimes been reported, little is known about the dynamics of these infections during pregnancy. METHODS AND FINDINGS Using a quantitative PCR approach, blood samples collected from Beninese pregnant women during the first antenatal visit (ANV) and at delivery including placental blood were screened for Plasmodium spp. Risk factors associated with Plasmodium spp. infection during pregnancy were assessed as well as the relationships with pregnancy outcomes. P. falciparum was the most prevalent Plasmodium species detected during pregnancy, irrespective either of parity, of age or of season during which the infection occurred. Although no P. vivax infections were detected in this cohort, P. malariae (9.2%) and P. ovale (5.8%) infections were observed in samples collected during the first ANV. These non-falciparum infections were also detected in maternal peripheral blood (1.3% for P. malariae and 1.2% for P. ovale) at delivery. Importantly, higher prevalence of P. malariae (5.5%) was observed in placental than peripheral blood while that of P. ovale was similar (1.8% in placental blood). Among the non-falciparum infected pregnant women with paired peripheral and placental samples, P. malariae infections in the placental blood was significantly higher than in the peripheral blood, suggesting a possible affinity of P. malariae for the placenta. However, no assoctiation of non-falciparum infections and the pregnancy outcomes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall this study provided insights into the molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium spp. infection during pregnancy, indicating placental infection by non-falciparum Plasmodium and the lack of association of these infections with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Y. A. Doritchamou
- MERIT, Intitut de Recherche pour le Developpement—Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance (CERPAGE), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Richard A. Akuffo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Azizath Moussiliou
- MERIT, Intitut de Recherche pour le Developpement—Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance (CERPAGE), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Adrian J. F. Luty
- MERIT, Intitut de Recherche pour le Developpement—Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance (CERPAGE), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Achille Massougbodji
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance (CERPAGE), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Philippe Deloron
- MERIT, Intitut de Recherche pour le Developpement—Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicaise G. Tuikue Ndam
- MERIT, Intitut de Recherche pour le Developpement—Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance (CERPAGE), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- * E-mail:
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Vandenberghe G, Guisset M, Janssens I, Leeuw VV, Roelens K, Hanssens M, Russo E, Van Keirsbilck J, Englert Y, Verstraelen H. A nationwide population-based cohort study of peripartum hysterectomy and arterial embolisation in Belgium: results from the Belgian Obstetric Surveillance System. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016208. [PMID: 29122786 PMCID: PMC5695365 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of major obstetric haemorrhage managed with peripartum hysterectomy and/or interventional radiology (IR) in Belgium. To describe women characteristics, the circumstances in which the interventions took place, the management of the obstetric haemorrhage, the outcome and additional morbidity of these women. DESIGN Nationwide population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING Emergency obstetric care. Participation of 97% of maternities covering 98.6% of deliveries in Belgium. PARTICIPANTS All women who underwent peripartum hysterectomy and/or IR procedures in Belgium between January 2012 and December 2013. RESULTS We obtained data on 166 women who underwent peripartum hysterectomy (n=84) and/or IR procedures (n=102), corresponding to 1 in 3030 women undergoing a peripartum hysterectomy and another 1 in 3030 women being managed by IR, thereby preserving the uterus. Seventeen women underwent hysterectomy following IR and three women needed further IR despite hysterectomy. Abnormal placentation and/or uterine atony were the reported causes of haemorrhage in 83.7%. Abnormally invasive placenta was not detected antenatally in 34% of cases. The interventions were planned in 15 women. Three women were transferred antenatally and 17 women postnatally to a hospital with emergency IR service. Urgent peripartum hysterectomy was averted in 72% of the women who were transferred, with no significant difference in need for transfusion. IR procedures were able to stop the bleeding in 87.8% of the attempts. Disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to major haemorrhage was reported in 32 women (19%). CONCLUSION The prevalence in Belgium of major obstetric haemorrhage requiring peripartum hysterectomy and/or IR is estimated at 6.6 (95% CI 5.7 to 7.7) per 10 000 deliveries. Increased clinician awareness of the risk factors of abnormal placentation could further improve the management and outcome of major obstetric haemorrhage. A case-by-case in-depth analysis is necessary to reveal whether the hysterectomies and arterial embolisations performed in this study were appropriate or preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griet Vandenberghe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marine Guisset
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Janssens
- Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Virginie Van Leeuw
- Perinatal Epidemiology Center (Centre d'Épidémiologie Périnatale, CEpiP), School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), School of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristien Roelens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myriam Hanssens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erika Russo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Intercommunale de Santé Publique du Pays de Charleroi (ISPPC), Hôpital Civil Marie Curie, Charleroi, Belgium
| | | | - Yvon Englert
- Perinatal Epidemiology Center (Centre d'Épidémiologie Périnatale, CEpiP), School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans Verstraelen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Adam I, Salih MM, Mohmmed AA, Rayis DA, Elbashir MI. Pregnant women carrying female fetuses are at higher risk of placental malaria infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182394. [PMID: 28753649 PMCID: PMC5533337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of the placental malaria is not fully understood. If there is a fetal sex–specific susceptibility to malaria infection, this might add to the previous knowledge on the immunology, endocrinology and pathophysiology of placental malaria infections. Aims This study was conducted to assess whether the sex of the fetus was associated with placental malaria infections. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was performed including a secondary analysis of a cohort of women who were investigated for prevalence and risk factors (including fetal sex) for placental malaria in eastern Sudan. Placental histology was used to diagnose placental malaria infections. Results Among 339 women enrolled, the mean (SD) age was 25.8 (6.7) years and parity was 2.7 (2.2). Among the new born babies, 157 (46.3%) were male and 182 (53.7%) were female. Five (1.5%), 9 (2.7%) and 103 (30.4%) of the 339 placentas had active, active-chronic, past-chronic malaria infection on histopathology examination respectively, while 222 (65.5%) of them showed no malaria infection. Logistic regression analyses showed no associations between maternal age or parity and placental malaria infections. Women who have blood group O (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.19–3.10; P = 0.007) and women who had female new born were at higher risk for placental malaria infections (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.57–4.13; P< 0.001). Conclusion Fetal gender may be a novel risk factor for placental malaria. In this work the female placentas were at higher risk for malaria infections than the male placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum, Sudan
- * E-mail:
| | - Magdi M. Salih
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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Ahmadal-Agroudi M, El-Mawla Megahed LA, Abdallah EM, Morsy TA. A MINI OVERVIEW OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2017; 47:177-196. [PMID: 30157347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human malaria is caused by five species of Plasmodia: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi. Most infections are due to either P. falciparum or P. vivax, but mixed infections with more than one malarial species also occur. The majority of malaria-related deaths are due to P. falciparum. Generally, the pregnant women are a high risk group, as malaria can be a life threatening infection for both mother and fetus. Risk of stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes is increased in the setting of malaria, and pregnant travelers should be advised to defer travel until after delivery whenever feasible.
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Ben Slama S, Mebazaa L, Bacha D, Bouraoui S, Mzabi-Regaya S, Lahmar A. Fetoplacental malformations and abnormalities. A retrospective analysis of 398 cases. Tunis Med 2017; 95:201-205. [PMID: 29446815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fetoplacental examination is actually very important and sometimes necessary to confirm or correct prenatal diagnosis. AIM to deduce a list of indications of fetoplacental examination and to determine the type and frequency of malformations found. METHODS a retrospective study including 398 consecutive fetoplacental examinations, including abortions, stillbirths and children died perinatally. The cases were referred in the department of pathology of the M. Slim Hospital (North Tunis) from 1992 and 2012. RESULTS The mean maternal age was 32,58 years. The average gravidity was 2,65 and the average rate was 1,48. Maternal conditions were dominated by preeclampsia. The main indication motivating the request for fetoplacental examination was a spontaneous abortion in 45,73% of cases. The rate of stillbirths was 15,61% and that of children who died in the perinatal period was 13,28%. The sex ratio was 1,4 and the medium term was 19,38 SA. 170 fetuses had abnormalities (43,14%). The most frequent abnormalities were chromosomal aberrations (27,64%), followed by facial abnormalities (25,88%) and central nervous system abnormalities (18,82%). We examined 283 placentas, 49% of them contained abnormalities. Ischemic lesions were the main placental abnormalities (41%). CONCLUSIONS An efficient fetopathological examination should be as complete as possible, including examination of placenta. Everything must be integrated into a data collection and complete clinical information.
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Johnson MP, Bennett KA, Rand L, Burrows PK, Thom EA, Howell LJ, Farrell JA, Dabrowiak ME, Brock JW, Farmer DL, Adzick NS. The Management of Myelomeningocele Study: obstetrical outcomes and risk factors for obstetrical complications following prenatal surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:778.e1-778.e9. [PMID: 27496687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Management of Myelomeningocele Study was a multicenter randomized trial to compare prenatal and standard postnatal closure of myelomeningocele. The trial was stopped early at recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee and outcome data for 158 of the 183 randomized women published. OBJECTIVE In this report, pregnancy outcomes for the complete trial cohort are presented. We also sought to analyze risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome among those women who underwent prenatal myelomeningocele repair. STUDY DESIGN Pregnancy outcomes were compared between the 2 surgery groups. For women who underwent prenatal surgery, antecedent demographic, surgical, and pregnancy complication risk factors were evaluated for the following outcomes: premature spontaneous membrane rupture ≤34 weeks 0 days (preterm premature rupture of membranes), spontaneous membrane rupture at any gestational age, preterm delivery at ≤34 weeks 0 days, nonintact hysterotomy (minimal uterine wall tissue between fetal membranes and uterine serosa, or partial or complete dehiscence at delivery), and chorioamniotic membrane separation. Risk factors were evaluated using χ2 and Wilcoxon tests and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 183 women were randomized: 91 to prenatal and 92 to postnatal surgery groups. Analysis of the complete cohort confirmed initial findings: that prenatal surgery was associated with an increased risk for membrane separation, oligohydramnios, spontaneous membrane rupture, spontaneous onset of labor, and earlier gestational age at birth. In multivariable logistic regression of the prenatal surgery group adjusting for clinical center, earlier gestational age at surgery and chorioamniotic membrane separation were associated with increased risk of spontaneous membrane rupture (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.22; and odds ratio, 2.96, 95% confidence interval, 1.05-8.35, respectively). Oligohydramnios was associated with an increased risk of subsequent preterm delivery (odds ratio, 9.21; 95% confidence interval, 2.19-38.78). Nulliparity was a risk factor for nonintact hysterotomy (odds ratio, 3.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-10.05). CONCLUSION Despite the confirmed benefits of prenatal surgery, considerable maternal and fetal risk exists compared with postnatal repair. Early gestational age at surgery and development of chorioamniotic membrane separation are risk factors for ruptured membranes. Oligohydramnios is a risk factor for preterm delivery and nulliparity is a risk factor for nonintact hysterotomy at delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Johnson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | | | - Larry Rand
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital and the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Pamela K Burrows
- George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, DC
| | - Elizabeth A Thom
- George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, DC
| | - Lori J Howell
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jody A Farrell
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital and the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - John W Brock
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Diana L Farmer
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital and the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - N Scott Adzick
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Colmorn LB, Krebs L, Langhoff-Roos J. Potentially Avoidable Peripartum Hysterectomies in Denmark: A Population Based Clinical Audit. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161302. [PMID: 27560802 PMCID: PMC4999193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To audit the clinical management preceding peripartum hysterectomy and evaluate if peripartum hysterectomies are potentially avoidable and by which means. Material and Methods We developed a structured audit form based on explicit criteria for the minimal mandatory management of the specific types of pregnancy and delivery complications leading to peripartum hysterectomy. We evaluated medical records of the 50 Danish women with peripartum hysterectomy identified in the Nordic Obstetric Surveillance Study 2009–2012 and made short narratives of all cases. Results The most frequent indication for hysterectomy was hemorrhage. The two main initial causes were abnormally invasive placenta (26%) and lacerations (26%). Primary atony was third and occurred in 20%. Before hysterectomy another 26% had secondary atony following complications such as lacerations, retained placental tissue or coagulation defects. Of the 50 cases, 24% were assessed to be avoidable and 30% potentially avoidable. Hysterectomy following primary and secondary atony was assessed to be avoidable in 4/10 and 4/13 cases, respectively. Early sufficient suturing of lacerations and uterine ruptures, as well as a more widespread use of intrauterine balloons alone or in combination with uterine compression sutures (the sandwich model), could presumably have prevented about one fourth of the peripartum hysterectomies. Conclusion More than 50% of peripartum hysterectomies seem to be avoidable by simple measures. In order to minimize the number of unnecessary peripartum hysterectomies, obstetricians and anesthesiologists should investigate individual cases by structured clinical audit, and disseminate and discuss the results for educational purposes. An international collaboration is warranted to strengthen our recommendations and reveal if they are generally applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Berdiin Colmorn
- Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lone Krebs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Holbæk Hospital/University of Copenhagen, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Jens Langhoff-Roos
- Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Collins SL, Ashcroft A, Braun T, Calda P, Langhoff-Roos J, Morel O, Stefanovic V, Tutschek B, Chantraine F. Proposal for standardized ultrasound descriptors of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP). Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47:271-275. [PMID: 26205041 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S L Collins
- The Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Fetal Medicine Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - A Ashcroft
- The Fetal Medicine Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - T Braun
- Department of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Study Group Perinatal Programming, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Calda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Langhoff-Roos
- Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O Morel
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - V Stefanovic
- Fetomaternal Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - F Chantraine
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- University of Liège, CHR de la Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
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Özerkan K, Demir BC, Baykara S, Aslan K. Clinical importance of placental membrane microscopic chorionic pseudocysts in preeclampsia. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2016; 43:401-405. [PMID: 27328500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the importance of placental membrane microscopic chorionic pseudocysts (MCP) in preeclamptic and normal placentas and evaluate the association between MCP and neonatal complications in preeclamptic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective case-control study, microscopic examination of placentas was performed, including MCP count, in 33 preeclamptic and 35 normal control pregnant women from December 2008 to May 2009. The MCP were counted in placentas for each patient and modeled as a continuous variable to assess the difference between the two groups. RESULTS The mean MCP count was similar for preeclamptic (7 ± 2) and control patients (7 ± 2; not significant). A weak positive correlation was noted between placental weight and MCP (r = 0.253; p ≤ 0.04). In the preeclamptic patients, mean MCP count was significantly higher for neonates that did not have neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) (p ≤ 0.05) and who did not admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) than admitted to NICU (P ≤ .03). The risk for developing NRDS was 20.3-fold greater in neonates of preeclamptic patients who did not have than had MCP (odds ratio, 20.3 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 48; P ≤ .05). The MCP count cutoff value was ≤ 1 for developing NRDS (sensitivity 83%; specificity, 70%). CONCLUSION The absence of MCP was significantly associated with the development of NRDS in neonates. The MCP count was inversely associated with the risk of NRDS in newborns of high-risk pregnancies caused by preeclampsia.
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Komsa-Penkova R, Kovacheva K, Ivanov P. [FETAL LOSSES DURING THE MATURATION OF THE PLACENTA AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH SOME PROCOAGULANT CONDITIONS.]. Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) 2016; 55:3-9. [PMID: 29790708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the major causes and risk factors for fetal loss are chromosomal abnormalities, genetic syndromes, placental abnormalities, thrombophilia (FVL, Fil G20210A, C677T MTHFR, PAl-1 4G /-5G), infection and inflammation (IL-3, IL-4, IL-17, IL-10), antiphospholipid syndrome, maternal diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Pregnancy is a prothrombotic state as a result of specific physiological changes with multifactorial ethio-pathogenesis, leading to increased procoagulant factors and structural changes turned a sTasis, inflammatory component and contribution of individual genetic and acquired thrombophilic risk factors. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms of control over the process of embryogenesis, placentation and fetal development and impact of the factors of hemodtasis, inflammation and apoptosis, contributes to the application- of appropriate therapy and increase the chance of successful completion of pregnancy.
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Dechavanne C, Cottrell G, Garcia A, Migot-Nabias F. Placental Malaria: Decreased Transfer of Maternal Antibodies Directed to Plasmodium falciparum and Impact on the Incidence of Febrile Infections in Infants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145464. [PMID: 26698578 PMCID: PMC4689360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of mother-to-child placental transfer of antibodies specific to malaria blood stage antigens was investigated in the context of placental malaria infection, taking into account IgG specificity and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia. The impact of the resulting maternal antibody transfer on infections in infants up to the age of 6 months was also explored. This study showed that i) placental malaria was associated with a reduced placental transfer of total and specific IgG, ii) antibody placental transfer varied according to IgG specificity and iii) cord blood malaria IgG levels were similar in infants born to mothers with or without placental malaria. The number of malaria infections was negatively associated with maternal age, whereas it was not associated with the transfer of any malaria-specific IgG from the mother to the fetus. These results suggest that i) malaria-specific IgG may serve as a marker of maternal exposure but not as a useful marker of infant protection from malaria and ii) increasing maternal age contributes to diminishing febrile infections diagnosed in infants, perhaps by means of the transmission of an effective antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Dechavanne
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Gilles Cottrell
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - André Garcia
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Florence Migot-Nabias
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
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Zhang X, Jia H, Wang Y, Xie J, Gu Y. [Early and late onset severe preeclampsia: a clinicopathologic study of 178 placentas]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2015; 44:879-883. [PMID: 26888505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the pathologic features and prognosis of early and late onset severe preeclampsia. METHODS An observational study was conducted in 178 cases of severe preeclampsia collected during January 2010 to December 2014 from Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital.The cases were divided into two groups according to the onset of gestational age of the severe preeclampsia, with 54 cases of namely early onset (onset ≤ 34 weeks) and 124 cases of late onset (onset >34 weeks). Clinical characteristics of the patients, perinatal outcome and the pathologic characteristics of the placentas in each group were evaluated. RESULTS Decidual vascular disease, placental infarction, abruptio placentae and placental villi dysplasia were seen in both groups. The incidence of placental villi dysplasia was the highest, followed by placental infarction. Incidence of severe decidual vascular disease of early and late onset severe decidual vascular disease were 16.7% (9/54) and 5.6% (7/124), respectively.Incidence of placental infarction of early and late onset severe preeclampsia were 48.1% (26/54) and 61.3% (76/124). Incidence of placental villi dysplasia of early and late onset severe preeclampsia were 79.6% (43/54) and 50.8% (63/124). Incidence of Severe decidual vascular disease, placental infarction and placental villi dysplasia were significantly different between early and late onset severe preeclampsia cases (P<0.05), while there was no difference in decidual vascular disease and placenta thrombi (P>0.05). Fetal survival rate of every group was 81.5% (44/54) and 93.5% (116/124). Incidence of fetal growth retardation was 55.6% (30/54) and 38.7% (48/124). The fetal survival rate and incidence of fetal growth retardation were different between two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of decidual vascular disease and placental villi dysplasia in early onset severe preeclampsia is higher than those in late onset severe preeclampsia. Neonatal outcome and prognosis in early onset severe preeclampsia are worse than those in late onset severe preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haidian 100080, China
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Chen Y, Huang L, Zhang H, Klebanoff M, Yang Z, Zhang J. Racial disparity in placental pathology in the collaborative perinatal project. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:15042-54. [PMID: 26823843 PMCID: PMC4713629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is substantial disparity in perinatal outcomes between white and African-American women, but the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. The placenta is the principal metabolic, respiratory, excretory, and endocrine organ of the fetus. We studied the association between maternal race and types and severity of placental pathology. METHODS Using data from the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959-1966), we studied 32,295 African-American and white women with singleton births. CPP pathologists conducted detailed placental examinations following a standard protocol with quality control procedures. Logistic regression modeling was used to test the association between race and placental pathology adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Compared to white women, African-American women had a higher risk of fetal neutrophilic infiltration (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.4), and 1.5-fold higher risk of low placental weight (95% CI, 1.3-1.7). However, various placental vascular lesions were significantly less common in African-American women, including infarcts and thrombosis in the cut surface, villous infarcts in the intervillous space, emergence of stromal fibrosis and Langerhans layer in the terminal villi, old hemorrhage in the maternal surface, thrombosis in the intervillous space, and calcification throughout the cut surface (aOR ranging from 0.5 to 0.8). Similar patterns were observed in pregnancies with pregnancy associated hypertension, small-for-gestational-age, and preterm birth. CONCLUSION As compared with white women, African-American had higher prevalence of inflammatory lesions but lower prevalence of vascular lesions in placental pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lisu Huang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Departments of Pathology and Bio-Bank, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Mark Klebanoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio, U.S
| | - Zujing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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Etheredge AJ, Premji Z, Gunaratna NS, Abioye AI, Aboud S, Duggan C, Mongi R, Meloney L, Speigleman D, Roberts D, Hamer DH, Fawzi WW. Iron Supplementation in Iron-Replete and Nonanemic Pregnant Women in Tanzania: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2015; 169:947-55. [PMID: 26280534 PMCID: PMC4904713 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Anemia is common in pregnancy and increases the risk of adverse outcomes. Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia in sub-Saharan Africa, and iron supplementation is the standard of care during pregnancy; however, recent trials among children have raised concerns regarding the safety of iron supplementation in malaria-endemic regions. There is limited evidence on the safety of iron supplementation during pregnancy in these areas. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation during pregnancy in a malaria-endemic region. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial among pregnant women presenting for antenatal care in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from September 28, 2010, through October 4, 2012. Iron-replete, nonanemic women were eligible if they were uninfected with human immunodeficiency virus, primigravidae or secundigravidae, and at or before 27 weeks of gestation. Screening of 21,316 women continued until the target enrollment of 1500 was reached. Analyses followed the intent-to-treat principle and included all randomized participants. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to receive 60 mg of iron or placebo, returning every 4 weeks for standard prenatal care, including malaria screening, prophylaxis with the combination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine, and treatment, as needed. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes were placental malaria, maternal hemoglobin level at delivery, and birth weight. RESULTS Among 1500 study participants (750 randomized for each group), 731 in iron group and 738 in placebo group had known birth outcomes and 493 in iron group and 510 in placebo group had placental samples included in the analysis. Maternal characteristics were similar at baseline in the iron and placebo groups, and 1354 (91.7%) used malaria control measures. The risk of placental malaria was not increased by maternal iron supplementation (relative risk [RR], 1.03; 95% CI, 0.65-1.65), and iron supplementation did not significantly affect birth weight (3155 vs 3137 g, P = .89). Compared with placebo, iron supplementation significantly improved the mean increase from baseline to delivery for hemoglobin (0.1 vs -0.7 g/dL, P < .001) and serum ferritin (41.3 vs 11.3 µg/L, P < .001). Iron supplementation significantly decreased the risk of anemia at delivery by 40% (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.51-0.71) but not severe anemia (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.41-1.14). Iron supplementation significantly reduced the risk of maternal iron deficiency at delivery by 52% (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.32-0.70) and the risk of iron deficiency anemia by 66% (RR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19-0.62). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Prenatal iron supplementation among iron-replete, nonanemic women was not associated with an increased risk of placental malaria or other adverse events in the context of good malaria control. Participants receiving supplementation had improved hematologic and iron status at delivery compared with the placebo group. These findings provide support for continued administration of iron during pregnancy in malaria-endemic regions. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01119612.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analee J Etheredge
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Zul Premji
- Department of Parasitology/Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Nilupa S Gunaratna
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ajibola Ibraheem Abioye
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Said Aboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Christopher Duggan
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Robert Mongi
- Department of Parasitology/Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Laura Meloney
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Speigleman
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Drucilla Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Davidson H Hamer
- Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Afzal E, Sherin F, Seema N. CORRELATION OF ADVERSE PERINATAL OUT COMES AND PLACENTAL INFARCTS IN HYPERTENSIVE PRETERM PREGNANCIES. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2015; 27:647-649. [PMID: 26721030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta can provides valuable information about the damaging effects of hypertension on pregnancy and foetal outcome. This study was conducted to study the frequency of placental infarcts in hypertensive preterm pregnancies and its effects on foetal outcomes. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar and Department of Anatomy, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar from January 2008 to March 2009. The sample size consisted of hundred placentae divided into two groups. Group A consisting of 50 normal full term placentae (delivered between 37-42 weeks of gestation). Group-B consisting of 50 premature placentae from hypertensive mothers (35-37 weeks of gestation). The data was collected on a pre-designed Performa and analysis was done by SPSS-17. RESULTS In the placentae of premature group the incidence of placental infarcts were increased. Foetal outcome was poor in the presence of placental infarcts. CONCLUSION Adverse perinatal outcomes including growth restriction and still birth is higher in hypertensive premature deliveries with placental infarcts than in normal full term deliverie
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Abstract
Pro-marijuana advocacy efforts exemplified by the "medical" marijuana movement, coupled with the absence of conspicuous public health messages about the potential dangers of marijuana use during pregnancy, could lead to greater use of today's more potent marijuana, which could have significant short- and long-term consequences. This article reviews the current literature regarding the effects of prenatal marijuana use on the pregnant woman and her offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara D. Warner
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 100296, Gainesville, FL 32610-0296, (352) 273-8985
| | - Dikea Roussos-Ross
- University of Florida, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, P.O. Box 100294, Gainesville, FL 32610-0294, (352) 273-7660
| | - Marylou Behnke
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 100296, Gainesville, FL 32610-0296, (352) 273-8985
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Carwile JL, Mahalingaiah S, Winter MR, Aschengrau A. Prenatal drinking-water exposure to tetrachloroethylene and ischemic placental disease: a retrospective cohort study. Environ Health 2014; 13:72. [PMID: 25270247 PMCID: PMC4183765 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal drinking water exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) has been previously related to intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth. Pathophysiologic and epidemiologic evidence linking these outcomes to certain other pregnancy complications, including placental abruption, preeclampsia, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) (i.e., ischemic placental diseases), suggests that PCE exposure may also be associated with these events. We examined whether prenatal exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water was associated with overall or individual ischemic placental diseases. METHODS Using a retrospective cohort design, we compared 1,091 PCE-exposed and 1,019 unexposed pregnancies from 1,766 Cape Cod, Massachusetts women. Exposure between 1969 and 1990 was estimated using water distribution system modeling software. Data on birth weight and gestational age were obtained from birth certificates; mothers self-reported pregnancy complications. RESULTS Of 2,110 eligible pregnancies, 9% (N = 196) were complicated by ≥1 ischemic placental disease. PCE exposure was not associated with overall ischemic placental disease (for PCE ≥ sample median vs. no exposure, risk ratio (RR): 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 1.24), preeclampsia (RR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.12-1.07), or SGA (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.66-1.45). However, pregnancies with PCE exposure ≥ the sample median had 2.38-times the risk of stillbirth ≥27 weeks gestation (95% CI: 1.01, 5.59), and 1.35-times of the risk of placental abruption (95% CI: 0.68, 2.67) relative to unexposed pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal PCE exposure was not associated with overall ischemic placental disease, but may increase risk of stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Carwile
- />Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Shruthi Mahalingaiah
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael R Winter
- />Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ann Aschengrau
- />Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
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Thorne J, Downey P, Mooney EE. Placental pathology associated with small for gestational age infants. Ir Med J 2014; 107:249-250. [PMID: 25282971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Infants with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are at an increased risk of perinatal disease, including death. Many, but not all small for gestational age infants (SGA) have IUGR. Placental disease is an important cause of IUGR, and gross and microscopic examination is critical in explaining such cases. Reports of placentas from infants with a birth weight < 2SD from the mean (approx 3rd centile) born between Jan 2004-Dec 2011 were evaluated. The principal pathology was determined in each case. Where two or more pathologic findings were present, they were ranked as principal and co-existing in terms of severity. There were 69,493 deliveries over the study period. 461 SGA cases were identified. No placenta was available in 44 cases, and 21 cases of known anomalies were excluded, leaving a study group of 396 cases. Pathology potentially causing or contributing to SGA and/or IUGR was identified in 84.1% of cases. Significant co-existing pathology was seen in 88 cases (22%). Placental examination provides key information in understanding abnormal fetal growth.
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Wood A. Second trimester hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with increased risk of preterm pre-eclampsia, placental abruption and small for gestational age birth. Evid Based Nurs 2014; 17:74. [PMID: 24135647 DOI: 10.1136/eb-2013-101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wood
- Carson-Newman University, Jefferson City, Tennessee, USA
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Suwannarurk K, Thaweekul Y, Mairaing K, Poomtavorn Y, Bhamarapravatana K. Silent abnormal placentation linkage to peripartum hysterectomy: Thammasat University Hospital 6-year study. J Med Assoc Thai 2014; 97:473-477. [PMID: 25065084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence, indications, types and complications of peripartum hysterectomy at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD A retrospective peripartum hysterectomy (PH) study. Data came from parturient who delivered at Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand between January 2007 and December 2012. RESULTS In the period of 6 years, there were 37 cases of PH among 28,023 parturient. The overall prevalence of PH was 1.32 per 1,000 deliveries with average parturientage of 30. Nineteen hysterectomies were performed after vaginal delivery (1.1/1,000) and the remaining 18 hysterectomies were performed after cesarean section (1.67/1,000). Seven cases (18.9%) were performed as subtotal and the remaining 30 cases (81.1%) as total hysterectomy Major indication of PH was uterine atony (75.7%, 28/37) followed by abnormal placentation (10.8%, 4/37) and uterine rupture (5.4%, 2/37). From hysterectomy specimens, placenta accreta, placenta increta and placenta percreta were found in 5, 3, and 3 cases, respectively. Two cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were later discovered from hysterectomy specimens. Three cases of placentapercreta were associated with pre-operative diagnosis of placenta adherent, uterine rupture and placenta previa. The average estimated blood loss was 2,416 ml. The overall surgical complication rate was 35.1% (13/37). The rate of reoperation, maternal death, wound infection, gut obstruction and lung complications were 16.2, 8.1, 2.7, 2.7 and 2.7 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION Peripartum hysterectomy is a major hazardous procedure carrying a high mortality and morbidity rate. In this study, maternal mortality was 8.1%. Silent abnormal placentation was found in 21.2 percent (7/33) of hysterectomy specimen.
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Abstract
Placental chorioangioma is the most common benign non-trophoblastic tumor of the placenta. It is derived from primitive chorionic mesenchyme and is typically vascular. Placenta chorioangiomas occur in approximately 1% of pregnancies. Most placental chorioangiomas are small and are not clinically important. However, those measuring more than 4-5 cm in diameter may be associated with maternal and fetal complications. Early diagnosis, close prenatal surveillance and appropriate intervention may prevent severe complications and perinatal mortality caused by chorioangioma. Here we review the incidence, prenatal diagnosis, complications, the pathophysiological mechanisms of maternal and fetal complications, and the therapeutic possibilities in pregnancies complicated by placental chorioangiomas.
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Rivera-Rosado M, Flores-Pérez IS, Méndez K, Rivera-Viñas JI. Risk factors for hysterectomy in abnormal placentation at the University District Hospital. Bol Asoc Med P R 2014; 106:27-29. [PMID: 24791360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this research was to study the relationship of abnormal placentation and cesarean hysterectomy risk factors at the University District Hospital. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted using 60 medical records of patients in the University District Hospital from 2001 to 2008 with a diagnosis of abnormal placentation. Descriptive statistics and chi square for associations were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The mean age in our population was 29 years and mean BMI was 29.6. 45 % of the patients had a previous history of cesarean, 1.7% of placenta previa and 26.7% of uterine curettage. We found that 33.3% had a cesarean hysterectomy and 41.7% had post-partum hemorrhage. Also 51.7% received blood transfusion. The mean hospital stay was 18.1 days. The probability of cesarean hysterectomy in patients with placenta previa was eleven times higher in patients with history of previous cesarean sections (OR 11, CI: 1.29-97.9, p value=0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in cesarean hysterectomy rate between obese (BMI>30) and nonobese patients (OR 3.8 CI: 0.69-20.5, p value=0.11). CONCLUSION The probability of cesarean hysterectomy in patients with abnormal placentation was significantly increased in patients with previous cesarean sections. By decreasing the rate of cesarean section we can decrease the incidence of cesarean hysterectomy and its comorbidities.
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Edwards A, Springett A, Padfield J, Dorling J, Bugg G, Mansell P. Differences in post-mortem findings after stillbirth in women with and without diabetes. Diabet Med 2013; 30:1219-24. [PMID: 23815606 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The reason for the fivefold increased risk of stillbirth in women with diabetes is not known. Further understanding of the underlying mechanisms may facilitate identification of pregnancies at increased risk. We have compared post-mortem reports in matched pairs of stillbirths in women with and without diabetes. METHODS Post-mortem reports were provided by the Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries. Stillbirths as a result of lethal congenital and genetic abnormalities were excluded. Whole body, placenta and organ weights and histo-pathological findings in cases and controls were compared and also related to published reference values. RESULTS We analysed post-mortem reports on 23 matched pairs of stillbirths from 2009 to 2010. Mean placental weight in women with diabetes was 75 g less than in control subjects (95% CI -143 to -7 g; P = 0.032). In maternal diabetes, the thymus was often small and showed a 'starry sky' pattern on histology in 11 of 20 cases compared with four of 22 controls (P = 0.03). This histological finding was associated with a particularly low mean placental weight z-score -2.1 (1.1) standard deviations below a reference population corrected for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS In over half of the stillbirths occurring in women with diabetes, there was a 'starry sky' appearance in the fetal thymus on histology, this being associated with a small placenta. These findings are consistent with a critical subacute metabolic disturbance being a prominent cause of the increased risk of stillbirth in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Edwards
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
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Singh N, Saxena A, Shrivastava R. Placental Plasmodiumvivax infection and congenital malaria in central India. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2013; 97:875-8. [PMID: 14754501 DOI: 10.1179/000349803225002688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Singh
- Malaria Research Centre (Field Station), NSCB Medical College Building, Jabalpur -- 482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Baba T, Endo T, Ikeda K, Shimizu A, Morishita M, Kuno Y, Honnma H, Kiya T, Ishioka SI, Saito T. Assisted reproductive technique increases the risk of placental polyp. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:611-4. [PMID: 23656393 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.788636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the risk factors and outcomes of placental polyp. This retrospective study was conducted on 1645 patients delivered or aborted in Sapporo Medical University from 2007 through 2011. Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography, hysteroscopy, contrast-enhanced MRI or 3D-CT angiography were performed. There were 1532 deliveries and 113 abortions. Seventy-one (4.3%) were ART-conceived and the remaining 1574 (95.7%) were non-ART pregnancies. Fifteen (0.91%) cases were confirmed as having placental polyp. Nine cases of placental polyp were identified among the 1574 (0.57%) as non-ART-related pregnancies, and 6 were identified among the 71 (8.5%) as ART-related pregnancies. Thus, pregnancies achieved through ART showed 20x greater incidence of complicating placental polyp than pregnancies achieved through without ART (p = 9.02 × 10(-6); odds ratio, 19.59; 95% confidence interval, 5.27-72.84, logistic regression analysis). Evaluation of blood flow within the polyp showed that in five of seven patients with low blood flow, the polyps spontaneously dropped off 79-115 days postpartum. Thus, ART-related pregnancies may be a risk factor of placental polyp, and spontaneous drop-off of the polyp is often observed in cases with low blood flow within the mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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