Application of microsatellite primers developed for Polistes in the independent-founding wasp Polists satan Bequaert (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Microsatellite primers developed for a given species are sometimes useful for another in the same genus and in other genera within the same family, making possible to search for pre-existing suitable primers in the databanks such as GenBank. We examined whether existing primers developed for Polistes could be used for Polistes satan Bequaert. We tested 50 microsatellite primers from three Polistes species and found that six microsatellite loci show polymorphism in size in P. satan. These six loci were highly polymorphic, having four to 15 alleles in P. satan with an expected heterozygosity of 0.525-0.832. These loci can be used to study parameters concerning genetic relatedness such as social interactions in colonies and genetic conflicts of interest among nestmate individuals.

Inventory management

A critical aspect of blood transfusion is the timely provision of high quality blood products. This task remains a significant challenge for many blood services and blood systems reflecting the difficulty of balancing the recruitment of sufficient donors, the optimal utilization of the donor's gift, the increasing safety related restrictions on blood donation, a growing menu of specialized blood products and an ever-growing imperative to increase the efficiency of blood product provision from a cost perspective. As our industry now faces questions about our standard practices including whether or not the age of blood has a negative impact on recipients, it is timely to take a look at our collective inventory management practices. This International Forum represents an effort to get a snap shot of inventory management practices around the world, and to understand the range of different products provided for patients. In addition to sharing current inventory management practices, this Forum is intended to foster an exchange of ideas around where we see our field moving with respect to various issues including specialty products, new technologies, and reducing recipient risk from blood transfusion products.

[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: case report with spinal cord involvement]

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is the most common subacute transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Approximately 85% of the cases are sporadic. The remaining 15% consist of genetic and iatrogenic forms. We report a sporadic form of CJD with spinal cord involvement and a clinical manifestation characterized by dementia and cerebellar syndrome, myofasciculation with absent reflexes and seizures. The two last manifestations are rare. The clinical hypothesis was probable CJD which was confirmed with autopsy and immunohistochemistry. We conclude that CJD should always be suspected when rapidly progressive dementia occurs and the absence of pyramidal or extrapyramidal signs suggest a spinal cord and/or peripheral nerve involvement.

Reversal of severe SPECT asymmetry after venous extra-intracranial high flow bypass in a patient submitted to therapeutic internal carotid occlusion: case report

Therapeutic occlusion of the internal carotid artery is the main option for the treatment of the symptomatic intracavernous internal carotid artery aneurysms, but the issue of the best way of doing the balloon test occlusion (BTO) regarding prediction of future ischemic events remains debatable. Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) has been offered as one of the best option of monitoring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during the BTO, where severe asymmetry is predictive of delayed ischemia. We describe a case of important SPECT asymmetry during BTO clinically negative and its complete reversal with carotid occlusion after extra-intracranial bypass with high flow safenous vein bypass between the cervical carotid artery and the middle cerebral artery.

[Autologous transfusion: 2 years of experience at the immuno-hemotherapy service of the Santa Maria Hospital]

The results of a presurgical autologous blood transfusion program for two years are analysed. 1,709 patients were submitted to this program, but appraisable results were only obtained in 1,473. In 39.54% of these ones only autologous blood was used; 19.2% used both autologous and homologous blood; in 41.27% no blood was used; 23.8% of the blood for autologous transfusion was used as homologous. We conclude that closer relationship is necessary between Blood Bankers, Surgeons and Anesthesiologists, in order to coordinate transfusional needs and surgery date. Shall this be possible, then more patients may benefit, cases where blood use is unprobable may be selected and unnecessary risks of homologous blood transfusion may be avoided.