1
|
The Association Between Rumination and Craving in Chinese Methamphetamine-Dependent Patients: The Masking Effect of Depression. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38789408 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2352617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craving is a core feature of addiction. Rumination and depression play a crucial role in the process of methamphetamine addiction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between rumination, depression and craving in methamphetamine patients, which has not been explored yet. METHODS A total of 778 patients with methamphetamine user disorder (MUD) at the Xinhua Drug Rehabilitation Center, located in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. We used a set of self-administered questionnaires that included socio-demographic, detailed drug use history, rumination, depression and craving information. The Rumination Response Scale (RRS) was used to measure rumination, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to measure depression and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure craving. RESULTS There was a significant positive correlation between rumination and craving, or depression, and between depression and craving. Furthermore, depression mediated between rumination and craving, with a mediation effect of 160%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that there is a close interrelationship between rumination, craving and depression in MUD patients, and that depression may play a mediating role between rumination and craving.
Collapse
|
2
|
Childhood abuse and craving in methamphetamine-dependent individuals: the mediating role of alexithymia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01775-2. [PMID: 38530443 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with a history of childhood abuse (CA, including neglect and abuse by caregivers before the age of 18 years) have more severe substance dependence problems than those without a history of childhood abuse. However, whether a history of CA exacerbates craving and the mechanism of this effect remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the role of alexithymia in the effects of CA on craving in a large sample of methamphetamine-dependent individuals based on latent vulnerability theory. A total of 324 methamphetamine-dependent individuals who met DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder were recruited. CA, alexithymia, and craving data were collected from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, and the Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale, respectively. t tests and ANCOVA were conducted to compare variables between the CA and non-CA groups, while partial correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the potential mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between CA and craving. Abused methamphetamine-dependent individuals reported higher levels of craving and higher levels of alexithymia than those of non-abused methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Alexithymia partially mediated the link between CA and craving, especially the effect of CA on craving frequency was fully mediated by alexithymia. Our findings reveal that a history of childhood abuse has a lasting effect on craving in stimulant-dependent individuals, and alexithymia contributes to some extent to the severity of substance abuse problems in abused methamphetamine-dependent individuals.
Collapse
|
3
|
Differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of depressive symptoms in male patients with methamphetamine and heroin use disorder in a Chinese Han population. Am J Addict 2024; 33:48-57. [PMID: 37644677 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Comorbidity of substance use disorders and depression is a common phenomenon. It is well known that opioid addiction is neurobiologically distinct from psychostimulant addiction. However, direct comparisons of comorbid depressive symptoms in patients with methamphetamine (METH) use disorder (MAUD) and heroin use disorders (HUD) have been lacking until now. METHODS A total of 353 patients with methamphetamine use disorder, 76 patients with HUD, and 203 healthy controls were recruited. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-SF), the Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) and the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) were used to measure participants' depressive symptoms, drug craving, and childhood abuse or neglect, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 35.41% (125/353) in MAUD and 56.57% (43/76) in MAUD, significantly higher than the 22.66% (46/203) in healthy controls. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the total BDI score between the MAUD and HUD groups (F = 5.02, df = 1, 372, p = .026). Among MAUD, years of education, history of incarceration, month of abstinence and negative reinforcement scores were associated with depressive symptoms (all p < .05). Among HUD, duration of drug use, childhood emotional abuse and sexual abuse were associated with depressive symptoms (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE The prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms differ between MAUD and HUD, adding to the existing literature. Therefore, treatment and intervention programs should be designed to address these unique correlates in HUD and MAUD patients.
Collapse
|
4
|
Posttraumatic stress disorder in Chinese methamphetamine patients: Prevalence, demographics, and clinical correlates. Am J Addict 2023; 32:81-84. [PMID: 36250755 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and clinical correlates in Chinese methamphetamine patients. METHODS We analyzed 481 Chinese methamphetamine patients. RESULTS The prevalence of PTSD among Chinese methamphetamine patients was 7.90% (38/481), which was higher than in western countries. Binary logistic regression showed that age, smoking, abstinence time, age of onset, and DDQ control dimensions were associated with PTSD. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicated that some demographic and clinical variables were associated with PTSD in Chinese methamphetamine patients, which provided evidence for PTSD comorbidity with methamphetamine.
Collapse
|
5
|
Prevalence, demographics, and clinical correlates of antisocial personality disorder in Chinese methamphetamine patients. Am J Addict 2023; 32:47-53. [PMID: 36403120 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is very common among methamphetamine (MA) patients, but very few studies have been conducted in China. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlates of ASPD among Chinese MA patients. METHODS We recruited 627 MA patients and collected demographic and MA use data through one-on-one semi-structured interviews. ASPD was measured by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). The Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) and visual analog scale (VAS) were used to assess drug cravings. RESULTS The prevalence rate of ASPD among MA patients was 27.59% (173/627). Patients with ASPD had greater age at the first onset, duration of MA use, length of abstinence, VAS, DDQ desire and intention, negative reinforcement, and total DDQ scores than patients without ASPD. Stepwise binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age, age at the first onset, length of abstinence, and DDQ-negative reinforcement were independently associated with ASPD in MA patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the prevalence of ASPD is high among Chinese MA patients. Furthermore, some demographic and clinical variables are associated with ASPD in MA patients. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE We focused our study on the clinical profile of ASPD and the reasons for its high prevalence in Chinese methamphetamine patients. We identified several demographic and clinical variables as correlates of the occurrence of ASPD in methamphetamine patients, which provides evidence for ASPD comorbidity in methamphetamine patients.
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder on cognitive dysfunction in Chinese male methamphetamine patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110611. [PMID: 35907518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive dysfunction and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common in methamphetamine patients. However, few studies have investigated the cognitive performance of methamphetamine patients with PTSD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of comorbid PTSD on cognitive function in Chinese male methamphetamine patients. METHODS We analyzed 464 methamphetamine patients and 156 healthy volunteers. The PTSD Screening Scale (PCL-5) was used to assess PTSD and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to assess cognitive function. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, methamphetamine patients had more cognitive dysfunction in immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, language, attention and delayed memory. Moreover, methamphetamine patients with PTSD had less cognitive dysfunction in immediate memory, attention, and delayed memory than methamphetamine patients without PTSD. Further stepwise regression analysis showed that PTSD alterations in arousal and reactivity cluster were risk predictors for language, and PTSD negative alteration in cognition and mood cluster were risk predictors for delayed memory. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that methamphetamine patients without PTSD have poorer cognitive dysfunction than those with PTSD. Some demographic and PTSD symptom clusters are protective or risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in methamphetamine patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
Depression in Chinese men with methamphetamine dependence: Prevalence, correlates and relationship with alexithymia. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:235-243. [PMID: 36162653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity between substance use disorder and major depressive disorder is a typical dual diagnosis in the field of substance addiction. However, the prevalence and correlates of depression in methamphetamine addicts and whether it is associated with drug craving and alexithymia have been rarely reported in the Chinese population. METHODS We recruited 585 methamphetamine-dependent males from a drug rehabilitation center in China and 203 healthy controls. Demographic and drug use data were collected. Depression was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N·I.). Methamphetamine cravings and alexithymia were assessed using the Desire for Drugs Questionnaire (DDQ) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). RESULTS The prevalence rate of depression in methamphetamine-dependent men was 16.58 % (97/585). The scores of DDQ desire and intention, DDQ negative reinforcement, total DDQ, difficulty identifying feelings (DIF), difficulty describing feelings (DDF), and total TAS score of depressed patients were higher than those of non-depressed patients. However, only DDQ negative reinforcement score, DIF, DDF, and total TAS score remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Additionally, logistic regression analysis found that age, DIF score, and DDQ negative reinforcement score were significant factors contributing to depression in methamphetamine-dependent men. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the prevalence of depression is significantly higher in methamphetamine-dependent men than in the healthy Chinese population. Furthermore, age, components of alexithymia and drug craving are risk factors for depression in methamphetamine addicts.
Collapse
|
8
|
Obsessive‐compulsive disorder in Chinese methamphetamine patients: Prevalence, demographics, and clinical characteristics. Am J Addict 2022; 32:263-267. [PMID: 36504235 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Methamphetamine (MA) is one of the most common addictive substances and has become the second most commonly used drug worldwide. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been shown to influence the effectiveness of addiction treatment, and there may be overlapping neurobiological mechanisms between OCD and addiction. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlates of OCD among MA patients. METHODS A total of 457 MA patients were recruited, and clinical and demographic data were collected. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was utilized for OCD symptoms, and the Obsessive-Compulsive Drug Use Scale was used for MA craving. RESULTS The prevalence of OCD among MA patients was 7.7%. Compared to those patients without OCD, patients with OCD had a longer length of abstinence and higher OCDUS frequency of craving subscale and total scores. Multiple regression showed that longer length of abstinence and higher MA carving were independently associated with OCD in MA patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Chinese Han MA patients have a high prevalence of OCD. Some clinical parameters may be associated with OCD in MA patients. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study to examine the prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical correlates of OCD in MA patients in a Chinese Han population.
Collapse
|
9
|
The Role of Mitochondrial K ATP Channels in the Infarct-Reducing Effect of Normobaric Hypoxia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:190-193. [PMID: 36602604 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the role of KATP channels in the infarct-limiting effect of short-term normobaric hypoxia. Male Wistar rats were subjected to a 45-min coronary artery occlusion followed by a 120-min reperfusion. Normobaric hypoxia was simulated 30 min before coronary artery occlusion: 6 sessions of hypoxia (8% O2, 10 min) and reoxygenation (21% O2, 10 min). The following drugs were administered to rats: glibenclamide, 5-hydroxydecanoate, and HMR1098. It was found that normobaric hypoxia contributes to a decrease in myocardial infarct size by 36%. Preliminary administration of glibenclamide or 5-hydroxydecanoate eliminated the infarct-reducing effect of normobaric hypoxia. Activator of mitochondrial KATP channel diazoxide limited the infarct size. These findings suggest that mitochondrial KATP channels are involved into the cardioprotective effect of normobaric hypoxia.
Collapse
|
10
|
[Prenatal genetic diagnosis of the fetuses with isolated corpus callosum abnormality]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 2022; 57:671-677. [PMID: 36177578 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20220428-00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the application value of chromosome karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) in prenatal diagnosis of isolated corpus callosum abnormality (CCA) fetus. Methods: Fetuses diagnosed with isolated CCA by ultrasound and MRI and receiving invasive prenatal diagnosis in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center and Qingyuan People's Hospital from January 2010 to April 2021 were selected. Karyotype analysis and/or CMA [or copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq)] were performed on all fetal samples, and WES was performed on fetal samples and their parents whose karyotype analysis and/or CMA (or CNV-seq) results were not abnormal. Results: Among 65 fetuses with isolated CCA, 38 cases underwent karyotype analysis, and 3 cases were detected with abnormal karyotypes, with a detection rate of 8% (3/38). A total of 49 fetuses with isolated CCA underwent CMA (or CNV-seq) detection, and 6 cases of pathogenic CNV were detected, the detection rate was 12% (6/49). Among them, the karyotype analysis results were abnormal, and the detection rate of further CMA detection was 1/1. The karyotype results were normal, and the detection rate of further CMA (or CNV-seq) detection was 14% (3/21). The detection rate of CMA as the first-line detection technique was 7% (2/27). A total of 25 fetuses with isolated CCA with negative results of karyotyping and/or CMA were tested by WES, and 9 cases (36%, 9/25) were detected with pathogenic genes. The gradient genetic diagnosis of chromosomal karyotyping, CMA and WES resulted in a definite genetic diagnosis of 26% (17/65) of isolated CCA fetuses. Conclusions: Prenatal genetic diagnosis of isolated CCA fetuses is of great clinical significance. The detection rate of CMA is higher than that of traditional karyotyping. CMA detection could be used as a first-line detection technique for fetuses with isolated CCA. WES could increase the pathogenicity detection rate of fetuses with isolated CCA when karyotype analysis and/or CMA test results are negative.
Collapse
|
11
|
Prevalence, demographics, and cognitive dysfunction among methamphetamine-dependent individuals with childhood maltreatment. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 153:182-188. [PMID: 35820226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that dependent individuals (DIs) have higher rates of childhood maltreatment and poorer cognitive performance compared with healthy controls. However, little attention has been paid to the cognitive dysfunction of DIs with childhood maltreatment. The purpose of this study was to explore the cognitive deficits of maltreated methamphetamine-dependent individuals (METH-DIs) using a cross-sectional and case-control design. In addition, we aimed to examine the prevalence of childhood maltreatment and the demographic and clinical characteristics of Chinese male METH-DIs. 330 METH-DIs and 143 healthy controls were recruited and completed a detailed questionnaire on demographic and drug-related variables. Childhood abuse data were collected from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). Cognitive function was assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess the clinical state of the METH-DIs. 166 of 326 (50.9%) METH-DIs had experienced at least one type of childhood maltreatment. Maltreated METH-DIs were more likely to have a lower level of education (t324 = 5.81, p < 0.001), a higher level of depression(t324 = -2.68, p < 0.01), and a younger onset age of drug use (t324 = 3.58, p < 0.01) than METH-DIs who had no experience of childhood maltreatment. Maltreated METH-DIs also performed worse on the RBANS attention score than METH-DIs who did not experience maltreatment (F1,324 = 15.41, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.05). Our findings revealed that some demographic and clinical variables were associated with maltreatment among METH-DIs. Moreover, attention dysfunction was found in maltreated METH-DIs, which conforms to the theory of latent vulnerability.
Collapse
|
12
|
Differences in cognitive deficits in patients with methamphetamine and heroin use disorder compared with healthy controls in a Chinese Han population. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 117:110543. [PMID: 35257830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To date, the pattern of heroin- and methamphetamine-induced cognitive impairment is unclear, especially in the Chinese population. The aim of this study was to compare the similarity and heterogeneity of cognitive impairment between heroin and methamphetamine-dependent patients and to link cognitive impairment to drug-related variables. METHODS 567 pure methamphetamine patients, 78 pure heroin patients and 201 healthy volunteers participated in this study. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to assess cognitive function including immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional index, language, attention, delayed memory, and total scores. RESULTS Methamphetamine-dependent and heroin-dependent patients performed significantly worse on all RBANS subtest and total scores (all p < 0.05). Moreover, methamphetamine-dependent patients had more delayed memory impairment than heroin-dependent patients (p = 0.02). In addition, some drug-related variables, such as duration of abstinence, age at first drug use, and duration of drug use, were independently associated with memory and visuospatial/constructional index in methamphetamine patients (all p < 0.05). In contrast, none of the drug-related variables were associated with cognitive performance in heroin patients (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chronic heroin and methamphetamine patients may exhibit different patterns of cognitive deficits.
Collapse
|
13
|
The Significance of NO-Synthase, Reactive Oxygen Species, Kinases and KATP-Channels in the Development of the Infarct-Limiting Effect of Adaptation to Hypoxia. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
[MicroRNA-132 promotes atherosclerosis by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stressmediated ferroptosis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:143-149. [PMID: 35249882 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.01.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of microRNA-132 (miR-132) and its potential role in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). METHODS Thirty AS samples and 30 samples of normal peripheral vessels were collected from atherosclerotic patients undergoing peripheral angiostomy in our hospital for detecting the expression level of miR-132 using RT-qPCR. The expression of miR-132 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was up-regulated by liposome transfection, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), localization relationship between ROS and mitochondria, functional changes of mitochondrial reactive oxygen superoxide species (mtROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) were analyzed by flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy. The activity of mitochondrial redox respiratory chain complex (type I, II, III, IV and V) in HUVECs was detected using ELISA, and the expression levels of key iron death proteins were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS RT-qPCR results showed that miR-132 was significantly up-regulated in atherosclerotic plaques compared with normal vascular samples (P < 0.001). Compared with control HUVECs, HUVECs overexpressing miR-132 showed a significantly increased level of intracellular ROS (P < 0.001), and most of ROS was colocalized with mitochondria. HUVECs overexpressing miR-132 also showed significantly decreased MMP (P < 0.001) and obviously increased mtROS (P < 0.001) and opening of mPTP (P < 0.001), which led to mitochondrial REDOX respiratory chain stress disorder. The key iron death protein GPX4 was significantly down-regulated and the oxidized protein NOX4 was significantly increased in miR-132-overexpressing HUVECs (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION MiR-132 promotes atherosclerosis by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress-mediated ferroptosis, which may serve as a promising therapeutic target for AS.
Collapse
|
15
|
P70.05 Identification of Germline Mutations in Young Never Smokers With Lung Adenocarcinoma by Whole Exome Sequencing. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
P56.03 Prognostic Value of Tumor Spread Through Air Spaces in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma after Radical Surgery. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
[Analysis of families with fetal congenital abnormalities but negative prenatal diagnosis by whole exome sequencing]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 2021; 56:458-466. [PMID: 34304437 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20210118-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the value of whole exome sequencing (WES) in prenatal clinical application. Methods: A total of 1 152 cases of congenital abnormal [including structural malformation, nuchal translucency (NT) thickening and intrauterine growth restriction] with traditional prenatal diagnosis [including G-band karyotype analysis and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA)] negative were analyzed. The congenital abnormal fetuses were divided into retrospective group and prospective group according to the time of WES detection, that is whether the pregnancy termination or not. According to the specific location of fetal malformation and their family history, the cohort was divided into subgroups. The clinical prognosis of all fetuses were followed up, and the effect of WES test results on pregnancy decision-making and clinical intervention were analyzed. According to the follow-up results, the data of fetuses with new phenotypes in the third trimester or after birth were re-analyzed. Results: Among 1 152 families who received WES, 5 families were excluded because of nonbiological parents. Among the remaining 1 147 families, 152 fetuses obtained positive diagnosis (13.3%,152/1 147), including 74 fetuses in the retrospective group (16.1%,74/460) and 78 fetuses in the prospective group (11.4%,78/687). In fetuses with negative CMA and G-band karyotype analysis results but new phenotypes in the third trimester or after birth, the positive rate by WES data re-analysis was 4.9% (8/163). A total of 34 (21.3%, 34/160) fetuses were directly affected by the corresponding positive molecular diagnosis. Among 68 cases of live births with diagnostic variation grade 4, 29 cases (42.7%, 29/68) received appropriate medical intervention through rapid review of WES results. Conclusions: WES could increase the detection rate of abnormal fetuses with negative G-banding karyotype analysis and CMA by 13.3%. Prenatal WES could guide pregnancy decision-making and early clinical intervention. It might be an effective strategy to pay attention to the special follow-up of the third trimester and postnatal fetus and to re-analyze the WES data.
Collapse
|
18
|
[Technology specification of bedside hypertonic saline-contrast electrical impedance tomography of lung perfusion and clinical application]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2021; 101:1097-1101. [PMID: 33878839 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200926-02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bedside hypertonic saline-contrast electrical impedance tomography (EIT) method for lung perfusion evaluation has several advantages of bedside, simple, noninvasive and radiation-free. For a long time, EIT perfusion image of hypertonic saline was mostly limited to animal experiments, and related clinical research is in the ascendant. This technical specification for clinical application is reached based on our previous researches, review of literatures in this field. The purpose of this technical specification is to facilitate the unified and standardized use of hypertonic saline-contrast EIT technology for regional lung perfusion, to evaluate the safety and quality control of the technology, and to unify the results.
Collapse
|
19
|
Forensic analysis of soman exposure using characteristic fragment ions from protein adducts. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1519-1527. [PMID: 33729033 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The verification of exposure to nerve agents is a serious challenge, especially in cases of soman (GD) poisoning. Protein adducts are reliable biomarkers, that provide forensic information and evidence during incidents of terrorism or sporadic poisoning. Mass spectrometry, coupled with a proteomics approach, was established for the forensic analysis of GD-based protein adducts. The fragmentation pathways of GD-based protein adducts were investigated for the first time using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Three abundant natural loss product ions, [M+2H-54]2+ (loss of two carbon cations), [M+2H-72]2+ (loss of tert-butyl and methyl moieties), and [M+2H-84]2+ (loss of the pinacolyl moieties), were observed in each of the GD-labeled adducts, and the product ions were independent of protein structure and exposure route. A unique mechanism for the formation of product ions involving GD-protein adducts is proposed here. These findings support the development of a simple and precise forensic analysis technique to rapidly verify GD poisoning using these three GD-related product ions.
Collapse
|
20
|
AXIN2 gene silencing reduces apoptosis through regulating mitochondria-associated apoptosis signaling pathway and enhances proliferation of ESCs by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 24:418-427. [PMID: 31957856 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202001_19940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) mainly originate from totipotent cells in early-stage of mammalian embryo and could proliferate in a manner of un-limitation. This study aimed to investigate roles of Axin2 in proliferation of ESCs and explore the associated mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2) over-expression (LV5-AXIN2) and AXIN2 RNA interfere (LV3-AXIN2-RNAi) vectors were structured and transfected into H9 cells. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used to evaluate cell proliferative activity. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to measure apoptosis of H9 cells. AXIN2, β-catenin, transcription factor 4 (TCF4), c-myc, c-jun and Cyclin D mRNA levels and protein expressions were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting assay. RESULTS LV5-AXIN2 and LV3-AXIN2-RNAi were successfully structured with higher transfecting efficacy. AXIN2 gene silencing remarkably increased proliferative activity and AXIN2 treatment significantly induced apoptosis of H9 cells, comparing with blank vector group (p<0.05). AXIN2 gene silencing significantly enhanced B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression and remarkably inhibited cleaved caspase-3 expression comparing to that in blank vector group (p<0.05). AXIN2-RNAi treatment significantly enhanced and AXIN2 over-expression significantly reduced β-catenin and TCF4 expression, comparing to that in blank vector group (p<0.05). AXIN2 gene silence activated down-stream molecules of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, including c-jun, c-myc, and Cyclin D1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS AXIN2 gene silencing reduced apoptosis by regulating mitochondria-associated apoptosis signaling pathway and enhanced proliferation by modulating molecules in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, targeting of aberrant apoptosis and AXIN2 might be a novel clinical strategy to inhibit aging and enhance self-renewal of ESCs.
Collapse
|
21
|
P1.13-03 Lung Adenocarcinomas Manifesting as Radiological Part-Solid Nodules Define a Special Clinical Subtype. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
22
|
Single hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients experienced poor survival outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:474-485. [PMID: 31222450 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic and clinical significance of single hormone receptor expression in breast cancer has not been clearly established. The goal of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with ER+PR- tumours and ER-PR+ tumours to those of patients with ER+PR+ tumours. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify studies that compared the clinical outcome of patients with ER+PR- tumours or ER-PR+ tumours with those of patients with ER+PR+ tumours. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and included 217,485 women. Standard methods for meta-analysis were used, including fixed-effect models. RESULTS Patients with ER+PR- tumours or ER-PR+ tumours had significantly worse DFS (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.44-1.77 and HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.67-3.09), BCSS (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.33-1.53 and HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.68-1.98) and OS (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.28-1.47 and HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.17-1.89) than those of patients with ER+PR+ tumours. In subgroup analyses, patients who had ER+PR- tumours experienced a higher risk of recurrence than patients with ER+PR+ tumours in the HER2- (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.32-1.87), LN - (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.44-2.86) and endocrine therapy (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.45-1.89) subgroup. Patients who had HER2- and ER-PR+ tumours had an increased risk of recurrence compared with patients who had HER2- and ER+PR+ tumours (HR 3.10, 95% CI 1.92-5.10). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, patients with either ER+PR- tumours or ER-PR+ tumours have a higher risk of recurrence and a shorter survival time than those with ER+PR+ tumours. Patients with both types of breast cancer need additional or better treatments.
Collapse
|
23
|
A case of pulmonary mucormycosis presented as Pancoast syndrome and bone destruction in an immunocompetent adult mimicking lung carcinoma. J Mycol Med 2018; 29:80-83. [PMID: 30553628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic infection caused by Mucormycosis. This fungal infection is uncommon in immunocompetent individuals. Because of its various clinical and imaging manifestations, it is a diagnostic challenge to distinguish pulmonary mucormycosis from other pulmonary diseases, such as carcinoma. Herein, we report a case of pulmonary mucormycosis presenting as Pancoast syndrome and bone destruction of ribs. A 46-year-old Chinese woman was admitted due to pain in chest, right neck and arm for four months and hoarseness for one week. The pre-admission diagnosis via chest CT was pulmonary carcinoma. The subsequent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis and bronchoscopic biopsy were negative for malignant cells, except chronic inflammation. Imaging-guided percutaneous biopsies were carried out after admission and the final pathological diagnosis was pulmonary mucormycosis. Although the patient was started on oral posaconazole of 400mg bid, the disease condition continued to deteriorate. She finally died of respiratory failure.
Collapse
|
24
|
Men superiority on risk tolerance during a generalized trust game: An event-related potential study. Int J Psychophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
Whole exome sequencing as a diagnostic adjunct to clinical testing in fetuses with structural abnormalities. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2018; 51:493-502. [PMID: 28976722 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic yield of prenatal whole exome sequencing (WES) for monogenic disorders in fetuses with structural malformations and normal results on cytogenetic testing, and to describe information on pathogenic variants that is provided by WES. METHODS Karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and WES were performed sequentially on stored samples from a cohort of 3949 pregnancies with fetal structural abnormalities detected on ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging, referred between January 2011 and December 2015. Diagnostic rates of the three techniques were investigated overall, for phenotypic subgroups and for proband-only vs fetus-mother-father samples. Information on pathogenic variants was identified by WES. RESULTS Overall, 18.2% (720/3949) of fetuses had an abnormal karyotype. Pathogenic copy number variants were detected on CMA in 8.2% (138/1680) of fetuses that had a normal karyotype result. WES performed on a subgroup of 196 fetuses with normal CMA and karyotype results revealed the putative genetic variants responsible for the abnormal phenotypes in 47 cases (24%). The molecular diagnosis rates for fetus-mother-father and proband-only samples were 26.5% (13/49) and 23.1% (34/147), respectively. Variants of uncertain significance were detected in 12.8% (25/196) of fetuses, of which 22 were identified in the fetal proband-only group (15%; 22/147) and three in the fetus-mother-father group (6.1%; 3/49). The incidental finding rate was 6.1% (12/196). CONCLUSIONS WES is a promising method for the identification of genetic variants that cause structural abnormalities in fetuses with normal results on karyotyping and CMA. This enhanced diagnostic yield has the potential to improve the clinical management of pregnancies and to inform better the reproductive decisions of affected families. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
|
26
|
The occurrence of porcine circovirus 3 without clinical infection signs in Shandong Province. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 64:1337-1341. [PMID: 28653486 PMCID: PMC7169790 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) was detected in Shandong, China. One hundred and thirty‐two of 222 (59.46%) samples were PCV3 positive, while 52 of 132 (39.39%) samples were co‐infected with PCV2. There were no clinical signs of infection in either multiparous sows or live‐born infants. Two strains of PCV3 were indentified from natural stillborn foetuses. Phylogenetic analysis showed the two strains of PCV3 are 96% identical to the known PCV3/Pig/USA (KX778720.1, KX966193.1 and KX898030.1) and closely related to Barbel Circovirus. Further studies of the epidemiology of PCV3 and the co‐infection with PCV2 are needed.
Collapse
|
27
|
[Application of chromosomal microarray analysis for fetuses with talipes equinovarus]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 2016; 51:484-90. [PMID: 27465866 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of fetuses with talipes equinovarus(TE)using chromosomal microarray analysis(CMA)technology. METHODS From May 2012 to June 2015, 54 fetuses were found with TE and with or without other structural anomalies by prenatal ultrasound. Karyotyping was taking for them all, and the fetuses with normal karyotypes took another CMA test. The data were analyzed with CHAS software. Finally all the cases were followed up to know about their pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS One of the 54 cases was detected with abnormal karyotype which was trisomy 18(2%, 1/54). CMA was undertaken to the remaining fetuses, they were divided into 2 groups, including isolated TE group(n= 38)and complex TE group(n=15). The detection rate of clinical significant copy number variations(CNV)by CMA was 11%(6/53), while isolated and complex TE group were 5%(2/38)and 4/15, respectively(P= 0.047). Of the 53 cases, 51 cases were successfully followed up. Eleven cases were found without TE after birth, and the false positive rate(FPR)of TE was 22%(11/51). CONCLUSIONS Whole-genome high-resolution CMA increased the detection rate by 11% in fetuses with TE. With the FPR and the detection rate of the clinical significant CNV of 2 groups, whole-genome CMA could be recommended to the fetuses with complex TE group but normal karyotypes. A series of ultrasonic tests should be suggested to the isolate TE group, while with the abnormal ultrasound, fetuses would be suggested to have CMA test for decreasing the rates of invasive prenatal diagnosis and FPR.
Collapse
|
28
|
Detection of fetal copy number variants by non-invasive prenatal testing for common aneuploidies. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2016; 47:53-57. [PMID: 26033469 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical performance of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in detecting fetal copy number variants (CNVs). METHODS NIPT of cell-free fetal DNA was performed retrospectively, using stored maternal plasma, at an average gestational age of 21.1 weeks in 117 pregnant women who had previously undergone invasive prenatal testing for chromosome microarray analysis (CMA). Among the fetal samples tested by CMA, 18 had positive results (CNVs > 1 megabase (Mb)) and 99 had negative results (CNVs < 1 Mb or without CNVs detected). The results of NIPT and CMA were then compared. RESULTS In the 11 CMA-positive samples with CNVs > 5 Mb, the detection rate of CNVs was 90.9%; the one case missed by NIPT had a fetal fraction of 4.7%. For the other seven CMA-positive samples with CNVs < 5 Mb, the detection rate was 14.3%; only one case with a 2.82-Mb duplication was detected, with a fetal fraction of 26.7%. For 35.7% (5/14) of CNVs detected by both NIPT and CMA, the differences in fragment length were within ± 1 Mb. In this study, the overall sensitivity and specificity of NIPT for detecting CNVs > 1 Mb were 61.1% and 95.0%, respectively, with a false-positive rate of 5.0%. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that NIPT for common aneuploidies can detect fetal CNVs > 5 Mb with high sensitivity, provided that fetal fraction is high enough, without increasing sequencing depth. The detection power of NIPT is determined mostly by fetal fraction and CNV size. A positive NIPT screening result for CNVs must be interpreted with caution and validated by additional diagnostic study.
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
CT imaging spectrum and the histopathological features of adult metanephric adenoma. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20140807. [PMID: 25966289 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the radiopathological features of adult metanephric adenoma (MA) and explore whether MA can be differentiated on CT images, including the basis of their morphological features and enhancement patterns. METHODS 18 consecutive MA cases (age range, 18-66 years; 9 males and 9 females) were pathologically proven and recruited in our study between January 2004 and June 2014. Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT were performed and correlated with corresponding pathological findings to differentiate between MA and other renal tumours. The enhancement pattern, lesion contour and presence of calcifications were evaluated. RESULTS On unenhanced CT scan, the most common (n = 15, 83.3%) CT imaging characteristics were the presence of homogeneity and well-defined solid renal masses; the minority (n = 3, 16.7%) were heterogeneous or centrally located low-attenuation masses. Contrast-enhanced CT image revealed hypoattenuating heterogeneous masses with varying degrees of contrast enhancement in 16 (88.9%) cases, in contrast to those without increased attenuation in 2 (11.1%) cases. Scattered calcification was found only in one case (5.6%). Pathological results revealed that a total of 6 (33.3%) cases had concomitant malignant carcinoma components; 2 (11.1%) patients had malignant MA; and pure MA was found in 10 cases, with a surprisingly high proportion of malignant tumours. CONCLUSION The positive-predictive values of "high" enhancement seemed relatively characteristic for the diagnosis of malignant and composite MA. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Radiopathological features of adult MA and exploring whether MA can be differentiated on CT images, including the basis of their morphological features and enhancement patterns.
Collapse
|
31
|
1D helical or ladder Mn(II) supramolecular isomerism based on imidazo-[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline ligand. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328415040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
32
|
PKPD modelling of the interrelationship between mean arterial BP, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance in conscious rats. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1510-24. [PMID: 23849040 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The homeostatic control of arterial BP is well understood with changes in BP resulting from changes in cardiac output (CO) and/or total peripheral resistance (TPR). A mechanism-based and quantitative analysis of drug effects on this interrelationship could provide a basis for the prediction of drug effects on BP. Hence, we aimed to develop a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model in rats that could be used to characterize the effects of cardiovascular drugs with different mechanisms of action (MoA) on the interrelationship between BP, CO and TPR. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The cardiovascular effects of six drugs with diverse MoA, (amlodipine, fasudil, enalapril, propranolol, hydrochlorothiazide and prazosin) were characterized in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The rats were chronically instrumented with ascending aortic flow probes and/or aortic catheters/radiotransmitters for continuous recording of CO and/or BP. Data were analysed in conjunction with independent information on the time course of drug concentration using a mechanism-based PKPD modelling approach. KEY RESULTS By simultaneous analysis of the effects of six different compounds, the dynamics of the interrelationship between BP, CO and TPR were quantified. System-specific parameters could be distinguished from drug-specific parameters indicating that the model developed is drug-independent. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A system-specific model characterizing the interrelationship between BP, CO and TPR was obtained, which can be used to quantify and predict the cardiovascular effects of a drug and to elucidate the MoA for novel compounds. Ultimately, the proposed PKPD model could be used to predict the effects of a particular drug on BP in humans based on preclinical data.
Collapse
|
33
|
Drug effects on the CVS in conscious rats: separating cardiac output into heart rate and stroke volume using PKPD modelling. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5076-92. [PMID: 24962208 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previously, a systems pharmacology model was developed characterizing drug effects on the interrelationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR). The present investigation aims to (i) extend the previously developed model by parsing CO into heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) and (ii) evaluate if the mechanism of action (MoA) of new compounds can be elucidated using only HR and MAP measurements. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cardiovascular effects of eight drugs with diverse MoAs (amiloride, amlodipine, atropine, enalapril, fasudil, hydrochlorothiazide, prazosin and propranolol) were characterized in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats following single administrations of a range of doses. Rats were instrumented with ascending aortic flow probes and aortic catheters/radiotransmitters for continuous recording of MAP, HR and CO throughout the experiments. Data were analysed in conjunction with independent information on the time course of the drug concentration following a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling approach. KEY RESULTS The extended model, which quantified changes in TPR, HR and SV with negative feedback through MAP, adequately described the cardiovascular effects of the drugs while accounting for circadian variations and handling effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A systems pharmacology model characterizing the interrelationship between MAP, CO, HR, SV and TPR was obtained in hypertensive and normotensive rats. This extended model can quantify dynamic changes in the CVS and elucidate the MoA for novel compounds, with one site of action, using only HR and MAP measurements. Whether the model can be applied for compounds with a more complex MoA remains to be established.
Collapse
|
34
|
A 12-week subchronic intramuscular toxicity study of risperidone-loaded microspheres in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:205-23. [PMID: 24812153 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114532380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Long-acting injectable formulations of antipsychotics have been an important treatment option to increase the compliance of the patient with schizophrenia by monitoring drug administration and identifying medication noncompliance and to improve the long-term management of schizophrenia. Risperidone, a serotoninergic 5-HT2 and dopaminergic D2 receptor antagonist, was developed to be a long-acting sustained-release formulation for the treatment of schizophrenia. In this study, 12-week subchronic toxicity study of risperidone-loaded microspheres (RMs) in rats by intramuscular injection with an 8-week recovery phase was carried out to investigate the potential subchronic toxicity of a novel long-acting sustained-release formulation. The results indicated that the dosage of 10-90 mg/kg of RM for 2 weeks did not cause treatment-related mortality. The main drug-related findings were contributed to the dopamine D2 receptor and α1-adrenoceptor antagonism of risperidone such as elevation of serum and pituitary prolactin levels and ptosis and changes in reproductive system (uterus, ovary, vagina, mammary gland, testis, seminal vesicle, epididymis, and prostate). In addition, foreign body granuloma in muscle at injection sites caused by poly-lactide-co-glycolide was observed. At the end of the recovery phase, these changes mostly returned to normal. The results indicated that RM had a good safety profile in rats.
Collapse
|
35
|
BCR-ABL1–positive microvesicles transform normal hematopoietic transplants through genomic instability: implications for donor cell leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 28:1666-75. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
36
|
Propofol EC50 for inducing loss of consciousness is lower in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Br J Anaesth 2013; 112:506-13. [PMID: 24285693 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varying levels of female sex hormones during the menstrual cycle were found to influence the central nervous system. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether the median (50%) effective effect-concentration (EC50) of propofol inducing loss of consciousness (LOC) varies between the luteal and the follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. METHODS Twenty-two patients (follicular phase) and 20 patients (luteal phase) undergoing gynaecological procedures under general anaesthesia were enrolled on the study. Anaesthesia was conducted with a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol. The initial target effect-site propofol concentration (Ceprop) was 3.5 µg ml(-1) and was adjusted stepwise by 0.5 µg ml(-1) at 4 min intervals by an up-down sequential method to reach LOC. Anaesthesia was maintained with a propofol TCI guided by the bispectral index. The correlation between female sex hormones and predicted Ceprop at the time of LOC was analysed and emergence time from anaesthesia was recorded. RESULTS Propofol EC50 to induce LOC was higher in patients in the follicular phase than those in the luteal phase (4.17 vs 3.58 µg ml(-1), P<0.05). Progesterone correlated significantly with Ceprop at LOC. Emergence time was also longer in the follicular group than in the luteal group (6.5 vs 5.0 min, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS During general anaesthesia, patients in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle had a lower propofol EC50 for LOC and a shorter emergence time compared with those in the follicular phase. Differences in progesterone levels between menstrual phases may contribute to these anaesthetic effects. Registry number of clinical trial ChiCTR-RCH-12002755.
Collapse
|
37
|
Implementation of high-resolution SNP arrays in the investigation of fetuses with ultrasound malformations: 5 years of clinical experience. Clin Genet 2013; 86:264-9. [PMID: 24000829 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) has proven to be a powerful tool in postnatal patients with intellectual disabilities, and it is increasingly used in prenatal diagnosis. However, its diagnostic capabilities in prenatal diagnosis vary, and clinical experiences have failed to establish a consensus regarding CMA indications, the design and resolution of microarrays, and the notification and interpretation of copy number variations (CNVs). We present our 5 years of clinical experience using whole-genome high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to investigate 446 fetuses that had structural malformations detected with ultrasound but for which standard karyotyping analysis showed normal karyotypes. CMA revealed genomic CNVs in 323 (72.4%) cases and clinically significant CNVs in 11.4% of the fetuses (51/446), including 2 cases of uniparental disomy (UPD) as well as 1 case of cryptic mosaic monosomy of chromosome X. Variants of unknown significance (VOUS) existed in 2.0% of the tested fetuses (9/446). Our results demonstrate the value of whole-genome high-resolution SNP arrays in fetuses with congenital malformations and give a higher detection rate of clinically significant genomic imbalance, especially for detecting UPD. Sufficient communication between technicians and genetic counselors, along with parental testing and comparison with data from in-house or international sources, can significantly reduce VOUS.
Collapse
|
38
|
Demonstration of cascaded optical inverse free-electron laser accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:244801. [PMID: 25165931 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.244801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on a proof-of-principle demonstration of a two-stage cascaded optical inverse free-electron laser (IFEL) accelerator in which an electron beam is accelerated by a strong laser pulse after being packed into optical microbunches by a weaker initial laser pulse. We show experimentally that injection of precisely prepared optical microbunches into an IFEL allows net acceleration or deceleration of the beam, depending on the relative phase of the two laser pulses. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with simulation. The demonstrated technique holds great promise to significantly improve the beam quality of IFELs and may have a strong impact on emerging laser accelerators driven by high-power optical lasers.
Collapse
|
39
|
Short- and long-term hemodynamic and clinical effects of carotid artery stenting. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:1170-6. [PMID: 22268082 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stenosis of the carotid artery may cause reduced hemodynamic and neural function that may be ameliorated with CAS. The goal of this study was to evaluate short- and long-term hemodynamic and clinical effects after CAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hemodynamic parameters were acquired by PCT within 1 week before CAS and at 1 week and 1 year (10-13 months) after CAS. In ACA territory, MCA territory, PCA territory, basal ganglia, anterior and posterior CWS and IWS, the rCBF, rCBV, and rMTT were determined in 20 patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis who underwent CAS. MR and noncontrast CT were performed within 1 week before CAS. Noncontrast CT and carotid arteriography were performed immediately after CAS. Carotid arteriography was performed 1 year after CAS. MRS was performed in 3 measurements. The variance analysis was performed to determine whether there were significant differences among the 3 measurements. RESULTS No significant differences were found among rCBV in any territory (P > .05). In the non-PCA territories, rMTT decreased and rCBF increased at 1 week after CAS (P < .01), but there was no significant difference between 1-week and 1-year effects (P > .05). For MR spectroscopy, no significant differences were found between 1 week after CAS and pretreatment (P > .05); the 1-year scores improved significantly (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The long-term hemodynamic and clinical results after treatment validated that CAS is a durable procedure. The 1-week hemodynamic effects can predict long-term effects.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ginseng derivative ocotillol enhances neuronal activity through increased glutamate release: a possible mechanism underlying increased spontaneous locomotor activity of mice. Neuroscience 2011; 195:1-8. [PMID: 21864652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are the main active ingredients in ginseng and have recently been reported to have beneficial effects on the CNS. Ocotillol is a derivate of pseudoginsenoside-F11, which is an ocotillol-type ginsenoside found in American ginseng. We examined the effects of ocotillol (a) on neuronal activity of projection neurons, mitral cells (MC), in a mouse olfactory bulb brain slice preparation using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, and (b) on animal behavior by measuring locomotor activity of mice in vivo. Ocotillol displayed an excitatory effect on spontaneous action potential firing and depolarized the membrane potential of MCs. The effect was concentration-dependent, with an EC(50) of 4 μM. In the presence of blockers of ionotropic glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione [CNQX], 10 μM; D-AP5, 50 μM; gabazine, 5 μM), the excitatory effect of ocotillol on firing was abolished. Further experiments showed that the ocotillol-induced neuronal excitation persisted in the presence of GABA(A) receptor antagonist gabazine but was eliminated by applying AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist CNQX and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist D-AP5, suggesting that ionotropic glutamate transmission was involved in mediating the effects of ocotillol. Bath application of ocotillol evoked an inward current as well as an increased frequency of spontaneous glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). Both the inward current and sEPSCs could be blocked by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists CNQX and D-AP5. These results indicate that the excitatory action of ocotillol on MCs was mediated by enhanced glutamate release. Behavioral experiments demonstrated that ocotillol increased locomotor activities of mice. Our results suggest that ocotillol-evoked neuronal excitability was mediated by increased release of glutamate, which may be responsible for the increased spontaneous locomotor activities in vivo.
Collapse
|
41
|
Real-time imaging and detection of intracranial haemorrhage by electrical impedance tomography in a piglet model. J Int Med Res 2011; 38:1596-604. [PMID: 21309473 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to detect and image acute intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in an animal model. Blood was infused into the frontal lobe of the brains of anaesthetized piglets and impedance was measured using 16 electrodes placed in a circle on the scalp. The EIT images were constructed using a filtered back-projection algorithm. The mean of all the pixel intensities within a region of interest--the mean resistivity value (MRV)--was used to evaluate the relative impedance changes in the target region. A symmetrical index (SI), reflecting the relative impedance on both sides of the brain, was also calculated. Changes in MRV and SI were associated with the injection of blood, demonstrating that EIT can successfully detect ICH in this animal model. The unique features of EIT may be beneficial for diagnosing ICH early in patients after cranial surgery, thereby reducing the risk of complications and mortality.
Collapse
|
42
|
A NEW RELIABLE MURINE MODEL FOR COMPARTMENT SYNDROME. Transplantation 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201007272-02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
43
|
Intrathecal sufentanil decreases the median effective dose (ED50) of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine for caesarean delivery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010; 54:284-90. [PMID: 19650804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of opioid to local anaesthetics has become a well-accepted practice of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery. Successful caesarean delivery anaesthesia has been reported with the use of a low dose of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine coadministered with sufentanil. This prospective, double-blinded study determined the median effective dose (ED50) of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine with and without sufentanil for caesarean delivery, to quantify the sparing effect of sufentanil on the ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine. METHODS Sixty-four parturients undergoing elective caesarean delivery with combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia were randomized into two groups: Group R (ropivacaine) and Group RS (ropivacaine plus sufentanil 5 microg). The initial dose of ropivacaine was 13 mg in Group R and 10 mg in Group RS. The effective dose was defined as a T(6) level attained within 10 min and no supplemental epidural anaesthetic required during surgery. Effective or ineffective responses determined, respectively, a 0.3 mg decrease or increase of the dose of ropivacaine for the next patient using an up-down sequential allocation. RESULTS The ED50 of intrathecal ropivacaine was 11.2 mg [confidence interval (CI) 95%: 11.0-11.6] in Group R vs. 8.1 mg (CI 95%: 7.8-8.3) in Group RS. Motor block was markedly more intense in Group R than in Group RS, and the incidence of shivering was lower in Group RS than in Group R. There were no differences in the onset time of sensory block or motor block, in the incidence of hypotension, nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION Intrathecal sufentanil 5 microg produced a 28% reduction of ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine for caesarean delivery.
Collapse
|
44
|
Treadmill running exercise results in the presence of numerous myofibroblasts in mouse patellar tendons. J Orthop Res 2009; 27:1373-8. [PMID: 19350660 PMCID: PMC2748159 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading is known to alter tendon structure, but its cellular mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of mechanical loading on tendon cells in vivo. C57BL/6J female mice were used in a treadmill running study. The treadmill running protocol consisted of treadmill training for 1 week, followed by sustained moderate running at 13 m/min for 50 min/day, 5 days/week, for 3 weeks. Immunohistochemical staining of tendon sections of mice after treadmill running revealed that numerous cells in the tendon section expressed alpha-SMA, whereas in the tendon sections of control mice, only a few cells exhibited weak alpha-SMA signals. Furthermore, mouse patellar tendon cells (MPTCs) derived from treadmill running mice were generally larger in culture, proliferated faster, expressed a higher level of alpha-SMA, and formed more abundant stress fibers compared to MPTCs from control mice. In addition, MPTCs from treadmill running mice generated larger traction forces (169 +/- 66.1 Pa) than those from control mice (102 +/- 34.2 Pa). Finally, cells from treadmill running mice produced higher levels of total collagen (516.4 +/- 92.7 microg/10,000 cells) than their counterparts (303.9 +/- 34.8 microg/10,000 cells). Thus, mechanical loading via treadmill running increased the presence of myofibroblasts in mouse patellar tendons. As myofibroblasts are activated fibroblasts, their presence in the tendon following treadmill running indicates that they actively repair and remodel tendon tissue under strenuous mechanical loading, leading to known changes in tendon structure.
Collapse
|
45
|
Formation of oxalate induced by 4,4’-Bipyridine: Hydrothermal sheses of two erbium coordination polymers. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328409020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
46
|
Serum Cardiac Troponin T in Adolescent Runners: Effects of Exercise Intensity and Duration. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30:168-72. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
47
|
|
48
|
The effects of swimming exercise on high-fat-diet-induced steatohepatitis. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2008; 48:259-265. [PMID: 18427423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the effects of swimming exercise on high-fat (HF) diet-induced steatohepatitis. METHODS Two groups of rats were fed a HF diet (35%; kcal) for 12 weeks, with one group remained sedentary (HF-Sed) and the other group swam (HF-Tr) during this entire period. A third group was fed a standard diet and remained sedentary for 12 weeks (SD-Sed). Swimming exercise (5 days/week) was initiated at the same time as the HF diet and was progressively increased, until it reached 90 min after 4 weeks. RESULTS At the end of the 12-week period, HF-Sed rats exhibited higher body weight (means +/- standard error [SE]: 492+/-40 vs 432+/-21 g; P<0.05), liver weight (16.21+/-2.23 vs 9.92+/-1.14 g; P<0.05), serum alanine aminotransferase (73.62+/-36.11 vs 27.16+/-4.62 U/L; P<0.05), aspartic aminotransferase (AST; 198.87+/-120.16 vs 120.16+/-19.09 U/L; P<0.05), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA; 897.48+/-133.62 vs 437.5 micromol/L; P<0.05), triglyceride (0.92+/-0.1 vs 0.56+/-0.04 mmol/L; P<0.05), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a (21.74+/-2.93 vs 16.57+/-3.53 pg/mL; P < 0.05) as well as liver malondialdehyde (MDA; 5.3+/-1.45 vs 3.48+/-0.94 nmol/mg protein; P<0.05) and NEFA (305.47+/-69.23 vs 204.56+/-64.26 micromol/mg protein; P<0.05) than SD-Sed rats. All HF-Sed rats developed moderate to severe hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis according to liver histological findings. Compared with HF-Sed, HF-Tr rats' hepatopathological manifestations of steatosis and inflammation were much attenuated, and their serum and liver parameters were all lower with the exception of serum AST. CONCLUSION It was concluded that swimming exercise might reduce the incidence of HF-diet-induced steatohepatitis.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) consists of 2 bundles: a slightly larger anteromedial bundle and a posterolateral bundle, named according to their relative tibial insertion sites. Both bundles are crucial to knee stability. Although it is more technically demanding, a double bundle ACL reconstruction restores the knee biomechanics better and provides more rotational stability than a single bundle ACL reconstruction. Intermediate and long-term clinical investigation including the measurement of rotational laxity and the evaluation of osteoarthritic change is needed to confirm biomechanical and short-term clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
50
|
|