1
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Ma X, Wang C, Ji C, Cao X, Dong Y. Quantitative characterization of tumor cell traction force on extracellular matrix by hydrogel microsphere stress sensor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38407981 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell traction force (CTF) is a kind of active force that is a cell senses external environment and actively applies to the contact matrix which is currently a representative stress in cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction. Studying the distribution and variation of CTF during cell-ECM interaction help to explain the impact of physical factors on cell behaviors from the perspective of mechanobiology. However, most of the strategies of characterizing CTF are still limited by the measurement needs in three-dimensional (3D), quantitative characteristics and in vivo condition. Microsphere stress sensor (MSS) as a new type of technology is capable of realizing the quantitative characterization of CTF in 3D and in vivo. Herein, we employed microfluidic platform to design and fabricate MSS which possesses adjustable fluorescent performances, physical properties, and size ranges for better applicable to different cells (3T3, A549). Focusing on the common tumor cells behaviors (adhesion, spreading, and migration) in the process of metastasis, we chose SH-SY5Y as the representative research object in this work. We calculated CTF with the profile and distribution to demonstrate that the normal and shear stress can determined different cell behaviors. Additionally, CTF can also regulate cell adhesion, spreading, and migration in different cell states. Based on this method, the quantitative characterization of CFT of health and disease cells can be achieved, which further help to study and explore the potential mechanism of cell-ECM interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingquan Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Changchun Ji
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shaanxi Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoshan Cao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Dong
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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2
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Yu D, Nie Q, Xue J, Luo R, Xie S, Chao S, Wang E, Xu L, Shan Y, Liu Z, Li Y, Li Z. Direct Mapping of Cytomechanical Homeostasis Destruction in Osteoarthritis Based on Silicon Nanopillar Array. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301126. [PMID: 37747342 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint degenerative disease characterized by chronic joint inflammation. The pathogenesis of OA has not been fully elucidated yet. Cartilage erosion is the most significant pathological feature in OA, which is considered the result of cytomechanical homeostasis destruction. The cytomechanical homeostasis is maintained by the dynamic interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix, which can be reflected by cell traction force (CTF). It is critical to assess the CTF to provide a deeper understanding of the cytomechanical homeostasis destruction and progression in OA. In this study, a silicon nanopillar array (Si-NP) with high spatial resolution and aspect ratio is fabricated to investigate the CTF in response to OA. It is discovered that the CTF is degraded in OA, which is attributed to the F-actin reorganization induced by the activation of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Si-NP also shows promising potential as a mechanopharmacological assessment platform for OA drug screening and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengjie Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Qingbin Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiangtao Xue
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruizeng Luo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Shiwang Xie
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Shengyu Chao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Engui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yizhu Shan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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3
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Wang L, Hou Y, Zhang T, Wei X, Zhou Y, Lei D, Wei Q, Lin Y, Chu Z. All-Optical Modulation of Single Defects in Nanodiamonds: Revealing Rotational and Translational Motions in Cell Traction Force Fields. Nano Lett 2022; 22:7714-7723. [PMID: 35946594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the mechanical interplay between cells and their surrounding microenvironment is vital in cell biology and disease diagnosis. Most current methods can only capture the translational motion of fiduciary markers in the deformed matrix, but their rotational motions are normally ignored. Here, by utilizing single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamonds (NDs) as fluorescent markers, we propose a linear polarization modulation (LPM) method to monitor in-plane rotational and translational motions of the substrate caused by cell traction forces. Specifically, precise orientation measurement and localization with background suppression were achieved via optical polarization selective excitation of single NV centers with precisions of ∼0.5°/7.5 s and 2 nm/min, respectively. Additionally, we successfully applied this method to monitor the multidimensional movements of NDs attached to the vicinity of cell focal adhesions. The experimental results agreed well with our theoretical calculations, demonstrating the practicability of the NV-based LPM method in studying mechanobiology and cell-material interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong China
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong China
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong China
- Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong China
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4
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Zhao L, Lan W, Dong X, Xu H, Wang L, Wei Y, Hou J, Huang D, Chen W. Enhenced cell adhesion on collagen I treated parylene-C microplates. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2021; 32:2195-2209. [PMID: 34286670 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1958465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
On account of unique mechanical property and inertia, parylene-C has become a promising material for microdevices especially in three-dimensional microstructures loaded with cells. However, parylene-C is not favorable for cell adhesion, and a routine procedure is to modify it with a new adhesive layer. Herein, the parylene-C substrates with or without collagen Ӏ (Col-I) coating were adopted to estimate the influence of micro-environment change on cell attachment and spreading. After modification with Col-I, cauliflower-like particles presented on the substrate surface. Contact angle was significantly decreased after Col-I modification, which suggested the surface hydrophilicity was enhanced. Furthermore, cells cultured on parylene-C surface with Col-I treatment showed increased proliferation rate and spreading areas. In order to test the adhesion strength, a series of fixed size parylene-C microplates was fabricated, and cell suspension concentration was adjusted to culture a single cell on one microplate. The microplate was folded by the autogenous shrinkage force of cell. The folding angles of parylene-C microplates with Col-I treatment exhibited higher folding angle (112.6 ± 15.6°) than untreated samples (46.7 ± 5.9°). The work proved the existence of Col-I layer was particularly important, especially in analysis of cells mechanics using parylene-C microplate as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Weiwei Lan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Han Xu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.,Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Jinchuan Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
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5
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Abstract
Cell adhesive force, exerting on the local matrix or neighboring cells, plays a critical role in regulating many cell functions and physiological processes. In the past four decades, significant efforts have been dedicated to cell adhesive force detection, visualization and quantification. A recent important methodological advancement in cell adhesive force visualization is to adopt force-to-fluorescence conversion instead of force-to-substrate strain conversion, thus greatly improving the sensitivity and resolution of force imaging. This review summarizes the recent development of force imaging techniques (collectively termed as cell adhesive force microscopy or CAFM here), with a particular focus on the improvement of CAFM's spatial resolution and the biomaterial choices for constructing the tension sensors used in force visualization. This review also highlights the importance of DNA-based tension sensors in cell adhesive force imaging and the recent breakthrough in the development of super-resolution CAFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Molecular, Cellular, and Development Biology Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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6
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Zhu P, Hawkins J, Linthicum WH, Wang M, Li N, Zhou N, Wen Q, Timme-Laragy A, Song X, Sun Y. Heavy Metal Exposure Leads to Rapid Changes in Cellular Biophysical Properties. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1965-1976. [PMID: 33455329 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical properties of cells, such as cell mechanics, cell shape, and cell migration, are emerging hallmarks for characterizing various cell functions. Conversely, disruptions to these biophysical properties may be used as reliable indicators of disruptions to cell homeostasis, such as in the case of chemical-induced toxicity. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of lead(II) nitrate and cadmium nitrate leads to dosage-dependent changes in a collection of biophysical properties, including cellular traction forces, focal adhesions, mechanical stiffness, cell shape, migration speed, permeability, and wound-healing efficacy in mammalian cells. As those changes appear within a few hours after the treatment with a trace amount of lead/cadmium, our results highlight the promise of using biophysical properties to screen environmental chemicals to identify potential toxicants and establish dose response curves. Our systematic and quantitative characterization of the rapid changes in cytoskeletal structure and cell functions upon heavy metal treatment may inspire new research on the mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Zhu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Will Hamilton Linthicum
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Menglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | | | - Nanjia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Wen
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | | | - Xiaofei Song
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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7
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Chang JK, Emon MAB, Li CS, Yang Q, Chang HP, Yang Z, Wu CI, Saif MT, Rogers JA. Cytotoxicity and in Vitro Degradation Kinetics of Foundry-Compatible Semiconductor Nanomembranes and Electronic Microcomponents. ACS Nano 2018; 12:9721-9732. [PMID: 30160102 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Foundry-compatible materials and processing approaches serve as the foundations for advanced, active implantable microsystems that can dissolve in biofluids into biocompatible reaction products, with broad potential applications in biomedicine. The results reported here include in vitro studies of the dissolution kinetics and nanoscale bioresorption behaviors of device-grade thin films of Si, SiN x, SiO2, and W in the presence of dynamic cell cultures via atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. In situ investigations of cell-extracellular mechanotransduction induced by cellular traction provide insights into the cytotoxicity of these same materials and of microcomponents formed with them using foundry-compatible processes, indicating potential cytotoxicity elicited by W at concentrations greater than 6 mM. The findings are of central relevance to the biocompatibility of modern Si-based electronics technologies as active, bioresorbable microsystems that interface with living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Kai Chang
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - M A Bashar Emon
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Chia-Shuo Li
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Quansan Yang
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Hui-Ping Chang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Zijian Yang
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - M Taher Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, McCormick School of Engineering, and Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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8
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Hu B, Leow WR, Cai P, Li YQ, Wu YL, Chen X. Nanomechanical Force Mapping of Restricted Cell-To-Cell Collisions Oscillating between Contraction and Relaxation. ACS Nano 2017; 11:12302-12310. [PMID: 29131936 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contact-mediated cell migration strongly determines the invasiveness of the corresponding cells, collective migration, and morphogenesis. The quantitative study of cellular response upon contact relies on cell-to-cell collision, which rarely occurs in conventional cell culture. Herein, we developed a strategy to activate a robust cell-to-cell collision within smooth muscle cell pairs. Nanomechanical traction force mapping reveals that the collision process is promoted by the oscillatory modulations between contraction and relaxation and orientated by the filopodial bridge composed of nanosized contractile machinery. This strategy can enhance the occurrence of cell-to-cell collision, which renders it advantageous over traditional methods that utilize micropatterned coating to confine cell pairs. Furthermore, modulation of the balance between cell tugging force and traction force can determine the repolarization of cells and thus the direction of cell migration. Overall, our approach could help to reveal the mechanistic contribution in cell motility and provide insights in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhui Hu
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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9
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Wu YL, Engl W, Hu B, Cai P, Leow WR, Tan NS, Lim CT, Chen X. Nanomechanically Visualizing Drug-Cell Interaction at the Early Stage of Chemotherapy. ACS Nano 2017; 11:6996-7005. [PMID: 28530823 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of chemotherapy is determined by the response of cell to the formation of the drug-target complex and its corresponding sudden or eventual cell death. However, visualization of this early but important process, encompassing the fast dynamics as well as complex network of molecular pathways, remains challenging. Herein, we report that the nanomechanical traction force is sensitive enough to reflect the early cellular response upon the addition of chemotherapeutical molecules in a real-time and noninvasive manner, due to interactions between chemotherapeutic drug and its cytoskeleton targets. This strategy has outperformed the traditional cell viability, cell cycle, cell impendence as well as intracellular protein analyses, in terms of fast response. Furthermore, by using the nanomechanical traction force as a nanoscale biophysical marker, we discover a cellular nanomechanical change upon drug treatment in a fast and sensitive manner. Overall, this approach could help to reveal the hidden mechanistic steps in chemotherapy and provide useful insights in drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wilfried Engl
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Benhui Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Agency for Science Technology & Research , Singapore 138673, Singapore
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children Hospital , 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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10
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Könnig D, Herrera A, Duda GN, Petersen A. Mechanosensation across borders: fibroblasts inside a macroporous scaffold sense and respond to the mechanical environment beyond the scaffold walls. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:265-275. [PMID: 28084698 DOI: 10.1002/term.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In tissue defects, cells face distinct mechanical boundary conditions, but how this influences early stages of tissue regeneration remains largely unknown. Biomaterials are used to fill defects but also to provide specific mechanical or geometrical signals. However, they might at the same time shield mechanical information from surrounding tissues that is relevant for tissue functionalisation. This study investigated how fibroblasts in a soft macroporous biomaterial scaffold respond to distinct mechanical environments while they form microtissues. Different boundary stiffnesses counteracting scaffold contraction were provided via a newly developed in vitro setup. Online monitoring over 14 days revealed 3.0 times lower microtissue contraction but 1.6 times higher contraction force for high vs. low stiffness. This difference was significant already after 48 h, a very early stage of microtissue growth. The microtissue's mechanical and geometrical adaptation indicated a collective cellular behaviour and mechanical communication across scaffold pore walls. Surprisingly, the stiffness of the environment influenced cell behaviour even inside macroporous scaffolds where direct cell-cell contacts are hindered. Mechanical communication between cells via traction forces is essential for tissue adaptation to the environment and should not be blocked by rigid biomaterials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Könnig
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Herrera
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - G N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Sarangi BR, Gupta M, Doss BL, Tissot N, Lam F, Mège RM, Borghi N, Ladoux B. Coordination between Intra- and Extracellular Forces Regulates Focal Adhesion Dynamics. Nano Lett 2017; 17:399-406. [PMID: 27990827 PMCID: PMC5423523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are important mediators of cell-substrate interactions. One of their key functions is the transmission of forces between the intracellular acto-myosin network and the substrate. However, the relationships between cell traction forces, FA architecture, and molecular forces within FAs are poorly understood. Here, by combining Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based molecular force biosensors with micropillar-based traction force sensors and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, we simultaneously map molecular tension across vinculin, a key protein in FAs, and traction forces at FAs. Our results reveal strong spatiotemporal correlations between vinculin tension and cell traction forces at FAs throughout a wide range of substrate stiffnesses. Furthermore, we find that molecular tension within individual FAs follows a biphasic distribution from the proximal (toward the cell nucleus) to distal end (toward the cell edge). Using super-resolution imaging, we show that such a distribution relates to that of FA proteins. On the basis of our experimental data, we propose a model in which FA dynamics results from tension changes along the FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhu Ranjan Sarangi
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Physics & Nanotechnology, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Mukund Gupta
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bryant L. Doss
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicolas Tissot
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - France Lam
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Borghi
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Corresponding Author
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12
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Hall MS, Alisafaei F, Ban E, Feng X, Hui CY, Shenoy VB, Wu M. Fibrous nonlinear elasticity enables positive mechanical feedback between cells and ECMs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14043-8. [PMID: 27872289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613058113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In native states, animal cells of many types are supported by a fibrous network that forms the main structural component of the ECM. Mechanical interactions between cells and the 3D ECM critically regulate cell function, including growth and migration. However, the physical mechanism that governs the cell interaction with fibrous 3D ECM is still not known. In this article, we present single-cell traction force measurements using breast tumor cells embedded within 3D collagen matrices. We recreate the breast tumor mechanical environment by controlling the microstructure and density of type I collagen matrices. Our results reveal a positive mechanical feedback loop: cells pulling on collagen locally align and stiffen the matrix, and stiffer matrices, in return, promote greater cell force generation and a stiffer cell body. Furthermore, cell force transmission distance increases with the degree of strain-induced fiber alignment and stiffening of the collagen matrices. These findings highlight the importance of the nonlinear elasticity of fibrous matrices in regulating cell-ECM interactions within a 3D context, and the cell force regulation principle that we uncover may contribute to the rapid mechanical tissue stiffening occurring in many diseases, including cancer and fibrosis.
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Wang Y, Lu Y, Luo M, Shi X, Pan Y, Zeng H, Deng L. Evaluation of pharmacological relaxation effect of the natural product naringin on in vitro cultured airway smooth muscle cells and in vivo ovalbumin-induced asthma Balb/c mice. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:715-722. [PMID: 28101344 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma has become a common chronic respiratory disease worldwide and its prevalence is predicted to continue increasing in the next decade, particularly in developing countries. A key component in asthma therapy is to alleviate the excessive bronchial airway narrowing ultimately due to airway smooth muscle contraction, which is often facilitated by a smooth muscle relaxant, such as the β2-adrenergic agonists. Recently, bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) agonists, including saccharin and chloroquine, have been found to potently relax the airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) via intracellular Ca2+ signaling. This inspires a great interest in screening the vast resource of natural bitter substances for potential bronchodilatory drugs. In the present study, the relaxation effect of naringin, a compound extracted from common grapefruit, on ASMCs cultured in vitro or bronchial airways of Balb/c mice in vivo was evaluated. The results demonstrated that, when exposed to increasing doses of naringin (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM), the traction force generated by the cultured ASMCs decreased progressively, while the intracellular calcium flux signaling in the ASMCs increased. When inhaled at increasing doses (15, 30 and 60 µg), naringin also dose-dependently reduced the bronchial airway resistance of the normal and ovalbumin-induced asthma Balb/c mice in response to challenge with methacholine. In conclusion, these findings indicate that naringin was able to effectively relax murine ASMCs in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting that it is a promising drug agent to be further investigated in the development of novel bronchodilators for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China; School of Nursing, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Yun Lu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Luo
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohao Shi
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Yan Pan
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Huilong Zeng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China; School of Nursing, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
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Kim DJ, Kim GS, Hyung JH, Lee WY, Hong CH, Lee SK. Direct observation of CD4 T cell morphologies and their cross-sectional traction force derivation on quartz nanopillar substrates using focused ion beam technique. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:332. [PMID: 23875892 PMCID: PMC3750221 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct observations of the primary mouse CD4 T cell morphologies, e.g., cell adhesion and cell spreading by culturing CD4 T cells in a short period of incubation (e.g., 20 min) on streptavidin-functionalized quartz nanopillar arrays (QNPA) using a high-content scanning electron microscopy method were reported. Furthermore, we first demonstrated cross-sectional cell traction force distribution of surface-bound CD4 T cells on QNPA substrates by culturing the cells on top of the QNPA and further analysis in deflection of underlying QNPA via focused ion beam-assisted technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joo Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory (BRL), Department of Semiconductor Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Sung Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory (BRL), Department of Semiconductor Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Hyung
- Basic Research Laboratory (BRL), Department of Semiconductor Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yong Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Hong
- Basic Research Laboratory (BRL), Department of Semiconductor Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kwon Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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Li B, Wang JHC. Application of sensing techniques to cellular force measurement. Sensors (Basel) 2010; 10:9948-62. [PMID: 22163449 PMCID: PMC3231038 DOI: 10.3390/s101109948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell traction forces (CTFs) are the forces produced by cells and exerted on extracellular matrix or an underlying substrate. CTFs function to maintain cell shape, enable cell migration, and generate and detect mechanical signals. As such, they play a vital role in many fundamental biological processes, including angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. Therefore, a close examination of CTFs can enable better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of such processes. To this end, various force-sensing techniques for CTF measurement have been developed over the years. This article will provide a concise review of these sensing techniques and comment on the needs for improved force-sensing technologies for cell mechanics and biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi St, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China; E-Mail:
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - James H.-C. Wang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bioengineering, and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 210 Lothrop St, BST, E1640, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-412-648-9102; Fax: +1-412-648-8548
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Szczodry M, Zhang J, Lim C, Davitt HL, Yeager T, Fu F, Wang JHC. Treadmill running exercise results in the presence of numerous myofibroblasts in mouse patellar tendons. J Orthop Res 2009; 27:1373-8. [PMID: 19350660 PMCID: PMC2748159 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading is known to alter tendon structure, but its cellular mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of mechanical loading on tendon cells in vivo. C57BL/6J female mice were used in a treadmill running study. The treadmill running protocol consisted of treadmill training for 1 week, followed by sustained moderate running at 13 m/min for 50 min/day, 5 days/week, for 3 weeks. Immunohistochemical staining of tendon sections of mice after treadmill running revealed that numerous cells in the tendon section expressed alpha-SMA, whereas in the tendon sections of control mice, only a few cells exhibited weak alpha-SMA signals. Furthermore, mouse patellar tendon cells (MPTCs) derived from treadmill running mice were generally larger in culture, proliferated faster, expressed a higher level of alpha-SMA, and formed more abundant stress fibers compared to MPTCs from control mice. In addition, MPTCs from treadmill running mice generated larger traction forces (169 +/- 66.1 Pa) than those from control mice (102 +/- 34.2 Pa). Finally, cells from treadmill running mice produced higher levels of total collagen (516.4 +/- 92.7 microg/10,000 cells) than their counterparts (303.9 +/- 34.8 microg/10,000 cells). Thus, mechanical loading via treadmill running increased the presence of myofibroblasts in mouse patellar tendons. As myofibroblasts are activated fibroblasts, their presence in the tendon following treadmill running indicates that they actively repair and remodel tendon tissue under strenuous mechanical loading, leading to known changes in tendon structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. H-C. Wang
- Correspondence to: James H-C. Wang, PhD, MechanoBiology Laboratory, E1640 Biomedical Science Tower, 210 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, 412-648-9102, 412-648-8548 (FAX), E-mail:
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