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Pilz M, Cavelius P, Qoura F, Awad D, Brück T. Lipopeptides development in cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications: A comprehensive review. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108210. [PMID: 37460047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipopeptides are surface active, natural products of bacteria, fungi and green-blue algae origin, having diverse structures and functionalities. In analogy, a number of chemical synthesis techniques generated new designer lipopeptides with desirable features and functions. Lipopetides are self-assembly guided, supramolecular compounds which have the capacity of high-density presentation of the functional epitopes at the surface of the nanostructures. This feature contributes to their successful application in several industry sectors, including food, feed, personal care, and pharmaceutics. In this comprehensive review, the novel class of ribosomally synthesized lipopeptides is introduced alongside the more commonly occuring non-ribosomal lipopeptides. We highlight key representatives of the most researched as well as recently described lipopeptide families, with emphasis on structural features, self-assembly and associated functions. The common biological, chemical and hybrid production routes of lipopeptides, including prominent analogues and derivatives are also discussed. Furthermore, genetic engineering strategies aimed at increasing lipopeptide yields, diversity and biological activity are summarized and exemplified. With respect to application, this work mainly details the potential of lipopeptides in personal care and cosmetics industry as cleansing agents, moisturizer, anti-aging/anti-wrinkling, skin whitening and preservative agents as well as the pharmaceutical industry as anitimicrobial agents, vaccines, immunotherapy, and cancer drugs. Given that this review addresses human applications, we conclude on the topic of safety of lipopeptide formulations and their sustainable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Pilz
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp Cavelius
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dania Awad
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Heffernan D, Pilz M, Klein M, Haack M, Race AM, Brück T, Qoura F, Strittmatter N. Screening of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from liquid fungal cultures using ambient mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04769-6. [PMID: 37389599 PMCID: PMC10329071 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential of fungi for use as biotechnological factories in the production of a range of valuable metabolites, such as enzymes, terpenes, and volatile aroma compounds, is high. Unlike other microorganisms, fungi mostly secrete secondary metabolites into the culture medium, allowing for easy extraction and analysis. To date, the most commonly used technique in the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is gas chromatography, which is time and labour consuming. We propose an alternative ambient screening method that provides rapid chemical information for characterising the VOCs of filamentous fungi in liquid culture using a commercially available ambient dielectric barrier discharge ionisation (DBDI) source connected to a quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The effects of method parameters on measured peak intensities of a series of 8 selected aroma standards were optimised with the best conditions being selected for sample analysis. The developed method was then deployed to the screening of VOCs from samples of 13 fungal strains in three different types of complex growth media showing clear differences in VOC profiles across the different media, enabling determination of best culturing conditions for each compound-strain combination. Our findings underline the applicability of ambient DBDI for the direct detection and comparison of aroma compounds produced by filamentous fungi in liquid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heffernan
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Melania Pilz
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Marco Klein
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Martina Haack
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Alan M Race
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany.
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Lorenzen J, Driller R, Waldow A, Qoura F, Loll B, Brück T. Cover Feature: Rhodococcus erythropolis
Oleate Hydratase: a New Member in the Oleate Hydratase Family Tree-Biochemical and Structural Studies (ChemCatChem 2/2018). ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lorenzen
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Ronja Driller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ayk Waldow
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- moloX GmbH; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
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Lorenzen J, Driller R, Waldow A, Qoura F, Loll B, Brück T. Rhodococcus erythropolis
Oleate Hydratase: a New Member in the Oleate Hydratase Family Tree-Biochemical and Structural Studies. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lorenzen
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Ronja Driller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ayk Waldow
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- moloX GmbH; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
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Lorenzen J, Igl N, Tippelt M, Stege A, Qoura F, Sohling U, Brück T. Extraction of microalgae derived lipids with supercritical carbon dioxide in an industrial relevant pilot plant. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:911-918. [PMID: 28299465 PMCID: PMC5429346 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are capable of producing up to 70% w/w triglycerides with respect to their dry cell weight. Since microalgae utilize the greenhouse gas CO2, they can be cultivated on marginal lands and grow up to ten times faster than terrestrial plants, the generation of algae oils is a promising option for the development of sustainable bioprocesses, that are of interest for the chemical lubricant, cosmetic and food industry. For the first time we have carried out the optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) mediated lipid extraction from biomass of the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus and Scenedesmus obtusiusculus under industrrially relevant conditions. All experiments were carried out in an industrial pilot plant setting, according to current ATEX directives, with batch sizes up to 1.3 kg. Different combinations of pressure (7–80 MPa), temperature (20–200 °C) and CO2 to biomass ratio (20–200) have been tested on the dried biomass. The most efficient conditions were found to be 12 MPa pressure, a temperature of 20 °C and a CO2 to biomass ratio of 100, resulting in a high extraction efficiency of up to 92%. Since the optimized CO2 extraction still yields a crude triglyceride product that contains various algae derived contaminants, such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, a very effective and scalable purification procedure, based on cost efficient bentonite based adsorbers, was devised. In addition to the sequential extraction and purification procedure, we present a consolidated online-bleaching procedure for algae derived oils that is realized within the supercritical CO2 extraction plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lorenzen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Nadine Igl
- Hopfenveredlung St. Johann GmbH & Co. KG, Auenstr. 18-20, 85283, Wolnzach, Germany
| | - Marlene Tippelt
- Hopfenveredlung St. Johann GmbH & Co. KG, Auenstr. 18-20, 85283, Wolnzach, Germany
| | - Andrea Stege
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH, Ostenrieder Str. 15, 85368, Moosburg, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sohling
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH, Ostenrieder Str. 15, 85368, Moosburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Bracharz F, Redai V, Bach K, Qoura F, Brück T. The effects of TORC signal interference on lipogenesis in the oleaginous yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:27. [PMID: 28270203 PMCID: PMC5341401 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleaginous organisms are a promising, renewable source of single cell oil. Lipid accumulation is mainly induced by limitation of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur. The oleaginous yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus accumulates up to 70% w/w lipid under nitrogen stress, while cultivation in non-limiting media only yields 9% w/w lipid. Uncoupling growth from lipid accumulation is key for the industrial process applicability of oleaginous yeasts. This study evaluates the effects of rapamycin on TOR specific signaling pathways associated with lipogenesis in Trichosporon oleaginosus for the first time. RESULTS Supplementation of rapamycin to nutrient rich cultivation medium led to an increase in lipid yield of up to 38% g/L. This effect plateaued at 40 μM rapamycin. Interestingly, the fatty acid spectrum resembled that observed with cultivation under nitrogen limitation. Significant changes in growth characteristics included a 19% increase in maximum cell density and a 12% higher maximum growth rate. T. oleaginosus only has one Tor gene much like the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. Consequently, we analyzed the effect of rapamycin on T. oleaginosus specific TORC signaling using bioinformatic methodologies. CONCLUSIONS We confirm, that target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is involved in control of lipid production and cell proliferation in T. oleaginosus and present a homology based signaling network. Signaling of lipid induction by TORC1 and response to carbon depletion to this complex appear to be conserved, whereas response to nitrogen limitation and autophagy are not. This work serves as a basis for further investigation regarding the control and induction of lipid accumulation in oil yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bracharz
- Industrial Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Veronika Redai
- Industrial Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bach
- Industrial Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Industrial Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Industrial Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Sommer B, von Moeller H, Haack M, Qoura F, Langner C, Bourenkov G, Garbe D, Loll B, Brück T. Detailed structure-function correlations of Bacillus subtilis acetolactate synthase. Chembiochem 2014; 16:110-8. [PMID: 25393087 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Isobutanol is deemed to be a next-generation biofuel and a renewable platform chemical.1 Non-natural biosynthetic pathways for isobutanol production have been implemented in cell-based and in vitro systems with Bacillus subtilis acetolactate synthase (AlsS) as key biocatalyst.2-6 AlsS catalyzes the condensation of two pyruvate molecules to acetolactate with thiamine diphosphate and Mg(2+) as cofactors. AlsS also catalyzes the conversion of 2-ketoisovalerate into isobutyraldehyde, the immediate precursor of isobutanol. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that the ALS enzyme family forms a distinct subgroup of ThDP-dependent enzymes. To unravel catalytically relevant structure-function relationships, we solved the AlsS crystal structure at 2.3 Å in the presence of ThDP, Mg(2+) and in a transition state with a 2-lactyl moiety bound to ThDP. We supplemented our structural data by point mutations in the active site to identify catalytically important residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Sommer
- Fachgebiet Industrielle Biokatalyse, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching (Germany)
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Qoura F, Elleuche S, Brueck T, Antranikian G. Purification and characterization of a cold-adapted pullulanase from a psychrophilic bacterial isolate. Extremophiles 2014; 18:1095-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Al Khudary R, Stösser NI, Qoura F, Antranikian G. Pseudoalteromonas arctica sp. nov., an aerobic, psychrotolerant, marine bacterium isolated from Spitzbergen. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:2018-24. [PMID: 18768597 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel aerobic, psychrotolerant marine bacterium was isolated at 4 degrees C from seawater samples collected from Spitzbergen in the Arctic. The strain was a polar-flagellated, Gram-negative bacterium that grew optimally at 10-15 degrees C and pH 7-8 in media containing 2-3% NaCl (w/v), using various carbohydrates and organic acids as substrates. The main fatty acid components included 16:0 (12.7% of total fatty acids), straight-chain saturated fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and 16:1omega7c (40.2%) monounsaturated FAME. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) between the novel isolate and Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii KMM 162T and some other species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 39 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization showed only 47.6% DNA-DNA relatedness with P. elyakovii KMM 162T, 44.2% with Pseudoalteromonas distincta KMM 638T and 22.6% with Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens NCIMB 8614T. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, this isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas for which the name Pseudoalteromonas arctica is proposed; the type strain is A 37-1-2T (=LMG 23753T=DSM 18437T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Al Khudary
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, Hamburg University of Technology, Kasernenstr. 12, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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