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Hernández-Contreras KA, Martínez-Díaz JA, Hernández-Aguilar ME, Herrera-Covarrubias D, Rojas-Durán F, Chi-Castañeda LD, García-Hernández LI, Aranda-Abreu GE. Alterations of mRNAs and Non-coding RNAs Associated with Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-023-03908-5. [PMID: 38236345 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology whose pathognomonic hallmarks are increased generation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, production of hyperphosphorylated (pTau), and neuroinflammation. The last is an alteration closely related to the progression of AD and although it is present in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, the pathophysiological events that characterize neuroinflammatory processes vary depending on the disease. In this article, we focus on mRNA and non-coding RNA alterations as part of the pathophysiological events characteristic of neuroinflammation in AD and the influence of these alterations on the course of the disease through interaction with multiple RNAs related to the generation of Aβ, pTau, and neuroinflammation itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Aketzalli Hernández-Contreras
- Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales/Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Carr. Xalapa-Veracruz, Km 3.5, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Jorge Antonio Martínez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales/Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Carr. Xalapa-Veracruz, Km 3.5, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - María Elena Hernández-Aguilar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales/Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Carr. Xalapa-Veracruz, Km 3.5, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Deissy Herrera-Covarrubias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales/Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Carr. Xalapa-Veracruz, Km 3.5, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Fausto Rojas-Durán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales/Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Carr. Xalapa-Veracruz, Km 3.5, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Lizbeth Donají Chi-Castañeda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales/Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Carr. Xalapa-Veracruz, Km 3.5, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Luis Isauro García-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales/Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Carr. Xalapa-Veracruz, Km 3.5, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda-Abreu
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales/Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Carr. Xalapa-Veracruz, Km 3.5, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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Montero-Cosme TG, Pascual-Mathey LI, Hernández-Aguilar ME, Herrera-Covarrubias D, Rojas-Durán F, Aranda-Abreu GE. Potential drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:544-559. [PMID: 37005970 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that amyloid precursor protein (APP), the enzyme β-secretase 1 (BACE1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), nicastrin (NCT), and hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) are closely related to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, recent evidence shows that neuroinflammation also contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. Although the mechanism is not clearly known, such inflammation could alter the activity of the aforementioned molecules. Therefore, the use of anti-inflammatory agents could slow the progression of the disease. Nimesulide, resveratrol, and citalopram are three anti-inflammatory agents that could contribute to a decrease in neuroinflammation and consequently to a decrease in the overexpression of APP, BACE1, COX-2, NCT, and p-Tau, as they possess anti-inflammatory effects that could regulate the expression of APP, BACE1, COX-2, NCT, and p-Tau of potent pro-inflammatory markers indirectly involved in the expression of APP, BACE1, NCT, COX-2, and p-Tau; therefore, their use could be beneficial as preventive treatment as well as in the early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fausto Rojas-Durán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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Herrera-Covarrubias D, Pérez-León CA, Fernández-Pomares C, Coria-Avila GA, Sánchez-Zavaleta V, Aranda-Abreu GE, Suárez-Medellín J, Rojas-Durán F, Hernández ME. Effects of obesity in rats on prostate histology and expression of leptin receptor, prolactin receptor, IL-6, and NF-κB. Exp Oncol 2021; 43:317-321. [PMID: 34967548 DOI: 10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-43-no-4.16826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercaloric intake can lead to obesity, which is a major risk factor associated with chronic subclinical inflammation and many types of cancer. It can increase the serum levels of leptin, prolactin, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB) and interleukin (IL)-6, implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. AIM To explore the effects of obesity induced by chronic hypercaloric diet in rats on the long-term expression of leptin receptor (OB-R), prolactin receptor, NF-кB, and IL-6, and the changes of histology in rat prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS From postnatal day 21, experimental males were fed with normal chow or chow plus enriched hypercaloric liquid diet. On the postnatal day 90 (13 week old), the animals were euthanized for prostate histology (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and hormone receptors analysis by Western blot. RESULTS Hypercaloric diet resulted in obesity (32% higher body weight). The prostates of the obese males showed epithelium anisocytosis and compressed interstice. There was also greater volume of lipidic content, anisokaryosis, alterations of the nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, and apparent proplasia. Measures in the ventral prostate (VP) showed that alveoli area increased, but epithelium height and nucleus area were reduced. In the dorsolateral prostate, there was only reduction of nucleus area and presence of mononuclear cells in the lumen. Hypercaloric males also expressed a trend for more OB-R 130 kD in the VP, but no changes were observed with regard to prolactin receptor, NF-кB and IL-6. CONCLUSION The obesity due to chronic consumption of hypercaloric diet affects both prostatic regions, but VP is possibly more sensitive via OB-R. We suggest that longer periods of obesity are needed to alter other receptors or the molecular markers of inflammation.
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Guzmán-Martínez O, Guardado K, Varela-Cardoso M, Trujillo-Rivera A, Gómez-Ñañez I, Ortiz-León MC, Espinosa R, Ramos C, Pérez-Carreón JI, López-Guerrero DV, Sampieri CL, Alanís-García AB, Rojas-Durán F, Zenteno-Cuevas R, Gutiérrez M, Montero H. Potential Protection of Pre-Existent Antibodies to Human Coronavirus 229E on COVID-19 Severity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18179058. [PMID: 34501647 PMCID: PMC8430483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The causes of the broad spectrum of severity in COVID-19 are unknown. A protective effect through humoral immunity from previous infections by viruses of the SARS-CoV-2 family could explain a mild form of this disease. This study aimed to address whether the presence of antibodies against human seasonal coronaviruses (HCoVs) could prevent severe manifestations of COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 165 participants. The presence of pre-existent antibodies against the seasonal HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-NL63 were detected. From all of the seasonal HCoVs studied, it was only found that being seropositive to HCoV-229E presented an association (p = 0.012) with developing mild clinical symptoms of COVID-19 or being asymptomatic. Multinomial regression analysis showed that being seropositive to HCoV-229E is associated with mild or moderate clinical symptoms for COVID-19. Statistical analysis also showed that being female is associated with being asymptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 infection or developing mild COVID-19. A subgroup analysis taking only seropositive to HCoV-229E revealed that females are more likely to develop asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 27.242, 95% CI 2.092–354.706, p = 0.012). Our results suggest that previous infections by HCoV-229E could prevent more serious clinical manifestations of COVID-19, but these are not the only variables that influence this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Guzmán-Martínez
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | - Kathia Guardado
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | | | | | - Iván Gómez-Ñañez
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
| | - María Cristina Ortiz-León
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
| | - Rafaela Espinosa
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (R.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Celso Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Clara Luz Sampieri
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
| | | | - Fausto Rojas-Durán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Zenteno-Cuevas
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
| | - Michelle Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (R.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Hilda Montero
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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Aranda-Abreu GE, Aranda-Martínez JD, Araújo R, Hernández-Aguilar ME, Herrera-Covarrubias D, Rojas-Durán F. Observational study of people infected with SARS-Cov-2, treated with amantadine. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1538-1541. [PMID: 33040252 PMCID: PMC7547815 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted an observational study of 15 patients from a Southeastern area of Mexico with symptoms compatible with SARS-Cov-2, which were treated with the antiviral amantadine. METHODOLOGY In this study, data were collected from 15 individuals with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 infection, which were treated on an ambulatory basis with 100 mg of amantadine for a period of 14 days. RESULTS This drug demonstrated its effectiveness, as patients recovered successfully with this treatment without the necessity of attending a hospital to use mechanical ventilation. All patients developed IgG antibodies to SARS-Cov-2. CONCLUSION Amantadine can be used as a viable and cost-effective alternative for treating people with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Cov-2) on an ambulatory basis, while the vaccine is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fausto Rojas-Durán
- Universidad Veracruzana/Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
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Lara-Reyes JA, Jimenez-Buendia MG, Aranda-Abreu GE, Herrera-Covarrubias D, Sampieri CL, Aquino-Galvez A, Manzo-Denes J, Hernández-Aguilar ME, Rojas-Durán F. Razor scrape assay, an alternative variation to wound and healing assays. MethodsX 2020; 7:101135. [PMID: 33299802 PMCID: PMC7704396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is the process by which cells move through tissues, and it is crucial to carry out a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. The study methods to evaluate cell migration are very useful tools for biomedical research. Among these methods, the wound and healing assay is one of the simplest, most economical and is widely used in research. However, one of its disadvantages is that the width and shape of the wound can vary among experimental samples since the scraping is carried out manually, representing a difficult variable to control. In the present article a variant of the razor scrape assay is addressed, which eliminates this variation in the width of the wound, thus facilitating the measurement and comparison using the total area of cell migration.•A method that can be carried out under standard culture conditions.•Avoids the disadvantage of variation in width and shape of the wound.•It constitutes a simple, cheap option and multiple advantages over the traditional method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Clara Luz Sampieri
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Jorge Manzo-Denes
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Fausto Rojas-Durán
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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Hernández-Aguilar ME, Serrano MK, Pérez F, Aranda-Abreu GE, Sanchez V, Mateos A, Manzo J, Rojas-Durán F, Cruz-Gomez Y, Herrera-Covarrubias D. Quantification of neural and hormonal receptors at the prostate of long-term sexual behaving male rats after lesion of pelvic and hypogastric nerves. Physiol Behav 2020; 222:112915. [PMID: 32389668 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate function is regulated by androgens and a neural control via the pelvic and hypogastric nerves. As such, this sexual gland contains receptors for acetylcholine and noradrenaline, although it is unknown whether the expression of these receptors is affected by sexual behavior and even less by denervation of the gland. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of repeated sexual behavior on the expression of noradrenaline, acetylcholine, and androgen receptors at the prostate, and how they are affected by denervation. To achieve this, we used sexually experienced males denervated at the pelvic or hypogastric nerves, or both. The messenger (mRNA) and protein for androgen, noradrenergic, and cholinergic receptors were evaluated. The weight of the gland and the levels of serum testosterone were also measured. We found that: (1) sexual behavior was not affected by denervation; (2) blood testosterone levels increased due to sexual behavior but such increase is prevented by denervation; (3) the weight of the ventral prostate increased with sexual behavior but was not affected by denervation; (4) AR messenger levels increased with sexual behavior but were not altered by denervation; (5) the messenger for noradrenergic and cholinergic receptors decreased after denervation, and those for muscarinic receptors increased, and (6) only AR protein decreased after denervation of both nerves, while those for other receptors remained unchanged. In summary, we show that the three receptors have different regulatory mechanisms, and that only androgen receptors are regulated by both autonomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Hernández-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México; Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México; Centro Tlaxcala en Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma deTlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
| | - María Karina Serrano
- Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México.
| | - Fabiola Pérez
- Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México.
| | | | - Viridiana Sanchez
- Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México.
| | - Alejandro Mateos
- Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México.
| | - Jorge Manzo
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México.
| | - Fausto Rojas-Durán
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México.
| | - Yolanda Cruz-Gomez
- Centro Tlaxcala en Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma deTlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
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Muñoz-Fonseca MB, Vidal-Limon A, Fernández-Pomares C, Rojas-Durán F, Hernández-Aguilar ME, Espinoza C, Trigos A, Suárez-Medellín J. Ergosterol exerts a differential effect on AR-dependent LNCaP and AR-independent DU-145 cancer cells. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4857-4860. [PMID: 32146854 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1737054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent DU-145 cells, were treated with different concentrations of ergosterol (15 µM and 25 µM) and its respective cell viability was measured by MTT bioassay. While ergosterol showed an antiproliferative effect on LNCaP, on DU-145 promoted cell proliferation. This differential effect suggests that the effect of ergosterol might be related to its ability to act as an Androgen Receptor ligand. In silico Molecular Dynamics simulations were performed to analyze the interaction mechanism between androgen receptor and ergosterol, in comparison with natural ligands, 5α-dihydrotestosterone and testosterone. Our model suggests that the binding of androgen receptor with ergosterol is thermodinamically feasible, which is concordant with our experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abraham Vidal-Limon
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ensenada, México
| | | | - Fausto Rojas-Durán
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | | | - César Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Micología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Angel Trigos
- Centro de Investigación en Micología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
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Lara-Reyes JA, Llanes-Duran A, Aranda-Abreu GE, Hernández-Aguilar ME, Rojas-Durán F. MicroRNAs and autism spectrum disorder: small tools for a complex disorder. EB 2020. [DOI: 10.25009/eb.v11i28.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) abarca un grupo complejo de trastornos del desarrollo neural que se caracterizan por presentar deficiencias en la interacción social, la comunicación y motricidad del individuo. El TEA tiene un impacto en la salud pública, por lo que sería de gran utilidad contar con biomarcadores que permitan la identificación temprana del trastorno. En este sentido, los microRNAs (miRNAs), que son reguladores de una gran variedad de funciones celulares y cuyas alteraciones en su expresión han sido observadas en individuos con TEA, se comienzan a considerar como blancos potenciales para el desarrollo de estrategias de diagnóstico y terapéuticas para estos trastornos. Esta revisión se enfoca en algunos estudios sobre la participación de miRNAs en el TEA, en modelos animales y humanos, y hace una aproximación a su posible uso como biomarcadores.
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Vidal-Limon AM, Luna-Martinez OD, Rojas-Durán F, Meza-Menchaca T, Hernández-Aguilar ME, Trigos A, Suárez-Medellín J. Molecular Dynamics and Virtual Screening Analysis of Lanosterol Derivatives from Ganoderma Medicinal Mushrooms (Agaricomycetes) as Selective Ligands of Human Androgen Receptor. Int J Med Mushrooms 2017; 19:595-605. [PMID: 29199581 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2017021162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Male sex hormones such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone play important roles in several physiological and pathological processes. The biological activities of the aforementioned metabolites are mediated by the multidomain androgen receptor (AR), which is therefore a well-studied drug target. Ganoderma mushroom lanostanoid extracts have previously been shown to exert antiandrogenic activity; therefore, this work aims to identify which lanostane derivatives might act as selective ligands for AR. Because protein flexibility is of paramount importance for ligand binding, different conformations of AR were sampled to account for binding modes within a ligand binding site, then subjected to virtual screening against a metabolite library. Fifteen Ganoderma lanostanoids were selected as AR ligands, according to their calculated binding affinity to this nuclear receptor. The results show the relevance of certain structural and chemical aspects of our ligands, such as the presence of a ketonic group on C-3, which influences the process through which they bind to AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham M Vidal-Limon
- Departamento de Nanoestructuras, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Baja California, México
| | | | - Fausto Rojas-Durán
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - Thuluz Meza-Menchaca
- Laboratorio de Genómica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | | | - Angel Trigos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo, Animas, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; Laboratorio de Alta Tecnologia de Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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Rojas-Durán F, Pascual-Mathey LI, Serrano K, Aranda-Abreu GE, Manzo J, Soto-Cid AH, Hernandez ME. Correlation of prolactin levels and PRL-receptor expression with Stat and Mapk cell signaling in the prostate of long-term sexually active rats. Physiol Behav 2015; 138:188-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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