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Emergence of Long-Range Angular Correlations in Low-Multiplicity Proton-Proton Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:172302. [PMID: 38728735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.172302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
This Letter presents the measurement of near-side associated per-trigger yields, denoted ridge yields, from the analysis of angular correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. Long-range ridge yields are extracted for pairs of charged particles with a pseudorapidity difference of 1.4<|Δη|<1.8 and a transverse momentum of 1
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First Measurement of the |t| Dependence of Incoherent J/ψ Photonuclear Production. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:162302. [PMID: 38701458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.162302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The first measurement of the cross section for incoherent photonuclear production of J/ψ vector mesons as a function of the Mandelstam |t| variable is presented. The measurement was carried out with the ALICE detector at midrapidity, |y|<0.8, using ultraperipheral collisions of Pb nuclei at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. This rapidity interval corresponds to a Bjorken-x range (0.3-1.4)×10^{-3}. Cross sections are given in five |t| intervals in the range 0.04<|t|<1 GeV^{2} and compared to the predictions by different models. Models that ignore quantum fluctuations of the gluon density in the colliding hadron predict a |t| dependence of the cross section much steeper than in data. The inclusion of such fluctuations in the same models provides a better description of the data.
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Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Root Growth by Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3596. [PMID: 38612408 PMCID: PMC11011405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI, EC 5.3.4.1) is a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that plays a crucial role in catalyzing the oxidation and rearrangement of disulfides in substrate proteins. In plants, PDI is primarily involved in regulating seed germination and development, facilitating the oxidative folding of storage proteins in the endosperm, and also contributing to the formation of pollen. However, the role of PDI in root growth has not been previously studied. This research investigated the impact of PDI gene deficiency in plants by using 16F16 [2-(2-Chloroacetyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1-methyl-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester], a small-molecule inhibitor of PDI, to remove functional redundancy. The results showed that the growth of Arabidopsis roots was significantly inhibited when treated with 16F16. To further investigate the effects of 16F16 treatment, we conducted expression profiling of treated roots using RNA sequencing and a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics approach at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Our analysis revealed 994 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the transcript level, which were predominantly enriched in pathways associated with "phenylpropane biosynthesis", "plant hormone signal transduction", "plant-pathogen interaction" and "starch and sucrose metabolism" pathways. Additionally, we identified 120 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at the protein level. These proteins were mainly enriched in pathways such as "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis", "photosynthesis", "biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites", and "biosynthesis of secondary metabolites" pathways. The comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed a regulatory network for root shortening in Arabidopsis seedlings under 16F16 treatment, mainly involving phenylpropane biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. This study enhances our understanding of the significant role of PDIs in Arabidopsis root growth and provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root shortening following 16F16 treatment.
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Feedback regulation of the isoprenoid pathway by SsdTPS overexpression has the potential to enhance plant tolerance to drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14277. [PMID: 38566271 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In order to maintain the dynamic physiological balance, plants are compelled to adjust their energy metabolism and signal transduction to cope with the abiotic stresses caused by complex and changeable environments. The diterpenoid natural compound and secondary metabolites, sclareol, derived from Salvia sclarea, has gained significant attention owing to its economic value as a spice material and diverse physiological activities. Here, we focused on the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the sclareol diterpene synthase gene SsdTPS in the resistance of S. sclarea to abiotic stresses. Our results suggested that abiotic stresses could induce the response and upregulation of SsdTPS expression and isoprenoid pathway in S. sclarea. Ectopic expression of SsdTPS conferred drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, compared with wild-type. Overexpression of SsdTPS enhanced the transcription of ABA signal transduction synthetic regulators and induced the positive feedback upregulating key regulatory genes in the MEP pathway, thereby promoting the increase of ABA content and improving drought tolerance in transgenic plants. In addition, SsdTPS-overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis improved the responses of stomatal regulatory genes and ROS scavenging enzyme activities and gene expression to drought stress. This promoted the stomatal closure and ROS reduction, thus enhancing water retention capacity and reducing oxidative stress damage. These findings unveil the potentially positive role of SsdTPS in orchestrating multiple regulatory mechanisms and maintaining homeostasis for improved abiotic stress resistance in S. sclarea, providing a novel insight into strategies for promoting drought resistance and cultivating highly tolerant plants.
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ψ(2S) Suppression in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:042301. [PMID: 38335364 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.042301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The production of the ψ(2S) charmonium state was measured with ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV, in the dimuon decay channel. A significant signal was observed for the first time at LHC energies down to zero transverse momentum, at forward rapidity (2.5
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Measurements of Groomed-Jet Substructure of Charm Jets Tagged by D^{0} Mesons in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:192301. [PMID: 38000395 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.192301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of parton mass and Casimir color factors in the quantum chromodynamics parton shower represents an important step in characterizing the emission properties of heavy quarks. Recent experimental advances in jet substructure techniques have provided the opportunity to isolate and characterize gluon emissions from heavy quarks. In this Letter, the first direct experimental constraint on the charm-quark splitting function is presented, obtained via the measurement of the groomed shared momentum fraction of the first splitting in charm jets, tagged by a reconstructed D^{0} meson. The measurement is made in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, in the low jet transverse-momentum interval of 15≤p_{T}^{jet ch}<30 GeV/c where the emission properties are sensitive to parton mass effects. In addition, the opening angle of the first perturbative emission of the charm quark, as well as the number of perturbative emissions it undergoes, is reported. Comparisons to measurements of an inclusive-jet sample show a steeper splitting function for charm quarks compared with gluons and light quarks. Charm quarks also undergo fewer perturbative emissions in the parton shower, with a reduced probability of large-angle emissions.
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Measurement of the Lifetime and Λ Separation Energy of _{Λ}^{3}H. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:102302. [PMID: 37739380 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The most precise measurements to date of the _{Λ}^{3}H lifetime τ and Λ separation energy B_{Λ} are obtained using the data sample of Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV collected by ALICE at the LHC. The _{Λ}^{3}H is reconstructed via its charged two-body mesonic decay channel (_{Λ}^{3}H→^{3}He+π^{-} and the charge-conjugate process). The measured values τ=[253±11(stat)±6(syst)] ps and B_{Λ}=[102±63(stat)±67(syst)] keV are compatible with predictions from effective field theories and confirm that the _{Λ}^{3}H structure is consistent with a weakly bound system.
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Measurement of the J/ψ Polarization with Respect to the Event Plane in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:042303. [PMID: 37566833 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.042303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the polarization of inclusive J/ψ produced in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV at the LHC in the dimuon channel, via the measurement of the angular distribution of its decay products. We perform the study in the rapidity region 2.5
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First Measurement of Antideuteron Number Fluctuations at Energies Available at the Large Hadron Collider. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:041901. [PMID: 37566856 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The first measurement of event-by-event antideuteron number fluctuations in high energy heavy-ion collisions is presented. The measurements are carried out at midrapidity (|η|<0.8) as a function of collision centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector. A significant negative correlation between the produced antiprotons and antideuterons is observed in all collision centralities. The results are compared with a state-of-the-art coalescence calculation. While it describes the ratio of higher order cumulants of the antideuteron multiplicity distribution, it fails to describe quantitatively the magnitude of the correlation between antiproton and antideuteron production. On the other hand, thermal-statistical model calculations describe all the measured observables within uncertainties only for correlation volumes that are different with respect to those describing proton yields and a similar measurement of net-proton number fluctuations.
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Enhanced Deuteron Coalescence Probability in Jets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:042301. [PMID: 37566840 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.042301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The transverse-momentum (p_{T}) spectra and coalescence parameters B_{2} of (anti)deuterons are measured in p-p collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV for the first time in and out of jets. In this measurement, the direction of the leading particle with the highest p_{T} in the event (p_{T}^{lead}>5 GeV/c) is used as an approximation for the jet axis. The event is consequently divided into three azimuthal regions, and the jet signal is obtained as the difference between the toward region, that contains jet fragmentation products in addition to the underlying event (UE), and the transverse region, which is dominated by the UE. The coalescence parameter in the jet is found to be approximately a factor of 10 larger than that in the underlying event. This experimental observation is consistent with the coalescence picture and can be attributed to the smaller average phase-space distance between nucleons in the jet cone as compared with the underlying event. The results presented in this Letter are compared to predictions from a simple nucleon coalescence model, where the phase-space distributions of nucleons are generated using pythia8 with the Monash 2013 tuning, and to predictions from a deuteron production model based on ordinary nuclear reactions with parametrized energy-dependent cross sections tuned on data. The latter model is implemented in pythia8.3. Both models reproduce the observed large difference between in-jet and out-of-jet coalescence parameters, although the almost flat trend of the B_{2}^{Jet} is not reproduced by the models, which instead give a decreasing trend.
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[Endoscopic ultrasonographic features of submucosal lesions of upper digestive tract suspected gastrointestinal stromal tumors and their correlation with progression and pathological risk grade of the lesions]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2023; 103:1643-1648. [PMID: 37248065 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230207-00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the endoscopic ultrasonographic (EUS) characteristics of submucosal lesions of upper digestive tract suspected gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and their correlation with biological behaviors and pathological risk grade of the tumors. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. The EUS findings, follow-up review, surgical treatment and pathological data of patients with suspected GIST at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of Peking University People's Hospital from January 2013 to April 2021 were collected. All samples were divided into follow-up group and treatment group based on the pathological condition and the patient's treatment intention. According to whether or not the tumor was enlarged in EUS, the follow-up group was divided into non-enlarged group and enlarged group. Paired T-test was used to compare the lesion size before and after follow-up, and logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of tumor enlargement. According to the treatment methods, the treatment group was further divided into endoscopic treatment group and surgical treatment group. According to the pathological results and risk grade, the treatment group was further divided into the low-risk group and the medium-risk group. The risk factors of pathological malignant risk were analyzed by logistic regression, and the tumor diameter of patients with moderate or above pathological risk was predicted by receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve. The relationship between the findings of EUS and the progression and pathological risk of GIST were also explored. Results: Seventy-three cases including 23 males and 50 females, with an age of 58 (30-88) years, were included in the follow-up group, with a mean lesion diameter of (1.21±0.49) cm before follow-up, median follow-up interval of 33.8 months, and a lesion diameter of (1.18±0.49) cm after follow-up. There was no significant difference (all P>0.05) in lesion diameter between before and after follow-up. There was no significant difference (all P>0.05) between tumor enlargement group (18 cases, 24.7%) and non-enlargement group (55 cases, 75.3%). One hundred and thirty-eight cases, including 52 males and 86 females, with an age of 60 (19-84) years, were enrolled in the treatment group, with a mean EUS estimated diameter of (2.55±1.35) cm and pathological diameters of (3.43±2.42) cm. Ninety-five (68.8%) of these cases were pathologically confirmed as GIST while 43 cases were diagnosed as other tumor types, including 37 benign tumors and 6 malignant tumors. In multifactorial logistic regression analysis, only the increase of tumor diameter [OR (95%CI): 1.800 (1.172-2.766), P=0.007] was a risk factor for pathological intermediate or higher risk. The optimal tumor diameter for predicting pathological intermediate or higher risk using ROC curve analysis was 2.75 cm, with a sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 79.0%, Youden index 0.5 and area under ROC curve 0.807 (95%CI: 0.703-0.909). Conclusions: EUS is essential for assessing the risk of progression and malignancy of submucosal lesions of upper digestive tract suspected GIST. For lesions of small diameter, the interval of follow-up shall be relatively extended while the indication of treatment could be partially waived.
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First study of the two-body scattering involving charm hadrons. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.052010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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[AZD9291 suppresses proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1403-1409. [PMID: 36210715 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.09.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of AZD9291 on the proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. METHODS Nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE1 and CNE2Z cells were treated with AZD9291 at the doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 μmol/L and at the doses of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L, respectively. Cell survival was measured using CCK8 assay, and proliferation inhibition of the cells after AZD9291 treatment was examined with colony-forming assay; the cell repair and migration abilities were determined using scratch assay and Transwell experiment. The expressions of EGFR-related signaling proteins and migration-related proteins were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The results of CCK8 assay and colonyforming assay showed that AZD9291 significantly inhibited the viability and proliferation of both HNE1 and CNE2Z cells (P < 0.01). AZD9291 treatment also attenuated the migration ability of HNE1 and CNE2Z cells (P < 0.01). Western blotting showed that, as the concentration of AZD9291 increased, the expression levels of the proteins involved in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway were lowered progressively (P < 0.01), resulting in inhibition of migration of HNE1 and CNE2Z cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION AZD9291 suppresses proliferation and attenuates repair and migration capacities of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, suggesting the potential value of AZD9291 in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Effects of melatonin on growth and antioxidant capacity of naked oat ( Avena nuda L) seedlings under lead stress. PeerJ 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stress. In recent years, lead (Pb) pollution has seriously affected the living environment of plants. In this study, we applied two different concentrations of MT to naked oat seedlings under Pb stress to explore the effect of MT on naked oat seedlings under Pb pollution. The results showed that Pb stress seriously inhibited the growth and development of naked oat seedlings, which was alleviated by MT. MT could increase the soluble protein content and decrease the proline content of naked oat seedlings to maintain the osmotic balance of naked oat seedlings. The application of MT could accelerate the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), so as to maintain the redox balance in naked oat seedlings. Exogenous melatonin could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of naked oat seedlings under Pb treatment, so as to improve the photosynthesis efficiency of naked oat seedlings. MT could also remarkably up regulate the expression of the genes of LOX, POX and Asmap1, and affect the expression of transcription factors NAC and WRKY1. It might regulate the expression of downstream genes through MAPKs pathways and TFs to improve the Pb tolerance of naked oat seedlings. These results proved that MT could significantly promote the growth and development of naked oats seedlings under Pb stress, which is expected to be applied in agricultural production practice.
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Hypertriton Production in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:252003. [PMID: 35802430 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.252003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of nuclei and antinuclei production has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. The first measurement of the production of _{Λ}^{3}H in p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV is presented in this Letter. Its production yield measured in the rapidity interval -1<y<0 for the 40% highest-multiplicity p-Pb collisions is dN/dy=[6.3±1.8(stat)±1.2(syst)]×10^{-7}. The measurement is compared with the expectations of statistical hadronization and coalescence models, which describe the nucleosynthesis in hadronic collisions. These two models predict very different yields of the hypertriton in charged particle multiplicity environments relevant to small collision systems such as p-Pb, and therefore the measurement of dN/dy is crucial to distinguish between them. The precision of this measurement leads to the exclusion with a significance larger than 6.9σ of some configurations of the statistical hadronization model, thus constraining the theory behind the production of loosely bound states at hadron colliders.
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Polarization of Λ and Λ[over ¯] Hyperons along the Beam Direction in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s]_{NN}=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:172005. [PMID: 35570422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.172005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The polarization of the Λ and Λ[over ¯] hyperons along the beam (z) direction, P_{z}, has been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV recorded with ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main contribution to P_{z} comes from elliptic flow-induced vorticity and can be characterized by the second Fourier sine coefficient P_{z,s2}=⟨P_{z}sin(2φ-2Ψ_{2})⟩, where φ is the hyperon azimuthal emission angle and Ψ_{2} is the elliptic flow plane angle. We report the measurement of P_{z,s2} for different collision centralities and in the 30%-50% centrality interval as a function of the hyperon transverse momentum and rapidity. The P_{z,s2} is positive similarly as measured by the STAR Collaboration in Au-Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV, with somewhat smaller amplitude in the semicentral collisions. This is the first experimental evidence of a nonzero hyperon P_{z} in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. The comparison of the measured P_{z,s2} with the hydrodynamic model calculations shows sensitivity to the competing contributions from thermal and the recently found shear-induced vorticity, as well as to whether the polarization is acquired at the quark-gluon plasma or the hadronic phase.
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Measurement of the Groomed Jet Radius and Momentum Splitting Fraction in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:102001. [PMID: 35333086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article presents groomed jet substructure measurements in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The soft drop grooming algorithm provides access to the hard parton splittings inside a jet by removing soft wide-angle radiation. We report the groomed jet momentum splitting fraction, z_{g}, and the (scaled) groomed jet radius, θ_{g}. Charged-particle jets are reconstructed at midrapidity using the anti-k_{T} algorithm with resolution parameters R=0.2 and R=0.4. In heavy-ion collisions, the large underlying event poses a challenge for the reconstruction of groomed jet observables, since fluctuations in the background can cause groomed parton splittings to be misidentified. By using strong grooming conditions to reduce this background, we report these observables fully corrected for detector effects and background fluctuations for the first time. A narrowing of the θ_{g} distribution in Pb-Pb collisions compared to pp collisions is seen, which provides direct evidence of the modification of the angular structure of jets in the quark-gluon plasma. No significant modification of the z_{g} distribution in Pb-Pb collisions compared to pp collisions is observed. These results are compared with a variety of theoretical models of jet quenching, and provide constraints on jet energy-loss mechanisms and coherence effects in the quark-gluon plasma.
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The calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28 is targeted by the ubiquitin ligases ATL31 and ATL6 for proteasome-mediated degradation to fine-tune immune signaling in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:679-697. [PMID: 34599338 PMCID: PMC8774090 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses are triggered when pattern recognition receptors recognize microbial molecular patterns. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) acts as a signaling hub of plant immunity. BIK1 homeostasis is maintained by a regulatory module in which CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE28 (CPK28) regulates BIK1 turnover via the activities of two E3 ligases. Immune-induced alternative splicing of CPK28 attenuates CPK28 function. However, it remained unknown whether CPK28 is under proteasomal control. Here, we demonstrate that CPK28 undergoes ubiquitination and 26S proteasome-mediated degradation, which is enhanced by flagellin treatment. Two closely related ubiquitin ligases, ARABIDOPSIS TÓXICOS EN LEVADURA31 (ATL31) and ATL6, specifically interact with CPK28 at the plasma membrane; this association is enhanced by flagellin elicitation. ATL31/6 directly ubiquitinate CPK28, resulting in its proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, ATL31/6 promotes the stability of BIK1 by mediating CPK28 degradation. Consequently, ATL31/6 positively regulate BIK1-mediated immunity. Our findings reveal another mechanism for attenuating CPK28 function to maintain BIK1 homeostasis and enhance immune responses.
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Two protein disulfide isomerase subgroups work synergistically in catalyzing oxidative protein folding. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:241-254. [PMID: 34609517 PMCID: PMC8774737 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds play essential roles in the folding of secretory and plasma membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In eukaryotes, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an enzyme catalyzing the disulfide bond formation and isomerization in substrates. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encodes diverse PDIs including structurally distinct subgroups PDI-L and PDI-M/S. It remains unclear how these AtPDIs function to catalyze the correct disulfide formation. We found that one Arabidopsis ER oxidoreductin-1 (Ero1), AtERO1, can interact with multiple PDIs. PDI-L members AtPDI2/5/6 mainly serve as an isomerase, while PDI-M/S members AtPDI9/10/11 are more efficient in accepting oxidizing equivalents from AtERO1 and catalyzing disulfide bond formation. Accordingly, the pdi9/10/11 triple mutant exhibited much stronger inhibition than pdi1/2/5/6 quadruple mutant under dithiothreitol treatment, which caused disruption of disulfide bonds in plant proteins. Furthermore, AtPDI2/5 work synergistically with PDI-M/S members in relaying disulfide bonds from AtERO1 to substrates. Our findings reveal the distinct but overlapping roles played by two structurally different AtPDI subgroups in oxidative protein folding in the ER.
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Arabidopsis PDI11 interacts with lectin molecular chaperons calreticulin 1 and 2 through its D domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 588:55-60. [PMID: 34952470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is equipped with protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), molecular chaperons, and other folding enzymes to ensure that newly synthesized proteins in the ER are properly folded. Molecular chaperons and PDIs can form complex to promote protein folding in the ER of mammalian cells. In plants, many PDIs associate with each other and function cooperatively in oxidative protein folding. As a plant unique protein disulfide isomerase, Arabidopsis thaliana PDI11 (AtPDI11) demonstrates oxidative protein folding activities and works synergistically with AtPDI2/5. However, whether AtPDI11 associates with molecular chaperons or AtPDIs in catalyzing disulfide formation remained unknown. Here, we find that AtPDI11 interacts with ER resident lectin chaperones calreticulin 1 (CRT1) and CRT2. Furthermore, the D domain, but not the a or a' domain of AtPDI11 provides the biding sites for its interaction with CRT1/2. Moreover, the P domain of CRT1 is responsible for its interaction with AtPDI11. Our work implies that Arabidopsis CRT1/2 may specifically recruit AtPDI11 to assist the folding of glycoproteins in the ER.
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Measurement of Prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:012001. [PMID: 35061479 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The p_{T}-differential production cross sections of prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) charmed hadrons are measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. This is the first measurement of Σ_{c}^{0,++} production in hadronic collisions. Assuming the same production yield for the three Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} isospin states, the baryon-to-meson cross section ratios Σ_{c}^{0,+,++}/D^{0} and Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} are calculated in the transverse momentum (p_{T}) intervals 2<p_{T}<12 and 1<p_{T}<24 GeV/c. Values significantly larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions are observed, indicating for the first time that baryon enhancement in hadronic collisions also extends to the Σ_{c}. The feed-down contribution to Λ_{c}^{+} production from Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} is also reported and is found to be larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions. The data are compared with predictions from event generators and other phenomenological models, providing a sensitive test of the different charm-hadronization mechanisms implemented in the models.
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Pregnancy diagnosis and fetal monitoring in Yangtze finless porpoises. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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OUP accepted manuscript. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac050. [PMID: 35854783 PMCID: PMC9283105 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Measurement of the Cross Sections of Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} Baryons and of the Branching-Fraction Ratio BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}) in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:272001. [PMID: 35061415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.272001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The p_{T}-differential cross sections of prompt charm-strange baryons Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} were measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ_{c}^{0} baryon was reconstructed via both the semileptonic decay (Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}) and the hadronic decay (Ξ^{-}π^{+}) channels. The Ξ_{c}^{+} baryon was reconstructed via the hadronic decay (Ξ^{-}π^{+}π^{+}) channel. The branching-fraction ratio BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})=1.38±0.14(stat)±0.22(syst) was measured with a total uncertainty reduced by a factor of about 3 with respect to the current world average reported by the Particle Data Group. The transverse momentum (p_{T}) dependence of the Ξ_{c}^{0}- and Ξ_{c}^{+}-baryon production relative to the D^{0} meson and to the Σ_{c}^{0,+,++}- and Λ_{c}^{+}-baryon production are reported. The baryon-to-meson ratio increases toward low p_{T} up to a value of approximately 0.3. The measurements are compared with various models that take different hadronization mechanisms into consideration. The results provide stringent constraints to these theoretical calculations and additional evidence that different processes are involved in charm hadronization in electron-positron (e^{+}e^{-}) and hadronic collisions.
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Λ_{c}^{+} Production and Baryon-to-Meson Ratios in pp and p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:202301. [PMID: 34860039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ_{c}^{+} and the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} ratio with increasing transverse momentum (p_{T}) in both collision systems in the range 2<p_{T}<12 GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavor baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K_{S}^{0}. At low p_{T}, predictions that include additional color-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-color approximation, assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states, or include hadronization via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in e^{+}e^{-} and e^{-}p collisions significantly underestimate the data. The results presented in this Letter provide significant evidence that the established assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) of parton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.
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Experimental Evidence for an Attractive p-ϕ Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:172301. [PMID: 34739260 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.172301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents the first experimental evidence of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a ϕ meson. The result is obtained from two-particle correlations of combined p-ϕ⊕ p[over ¯]-ϕ pairs measured in high-multiplicity pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The spin-averaged scattering length and effective range of the p-ϕ interaction are extracted from the fully corrected correlation function employing the Lednický-Lyuboshits approach. In particular, the imaginary part of the scattering length vanishes within uncertainties, indicating that inelastic processes do not play a prominent role for the p-ϕ interaction. These data demonstrate that the interaction is dominated by elastic p-ϕ scattering. Furthermore, an analysis employing phenomenological Gaussian- and Yukawa-type potentials is conducted. Under the assumption of the latter, the N-ϕ coupling constant is found to be g_{N-ϕ}=0.14±0.03(stat)±0.02(syst). This work provides valuable experimental input to accomplish a self-consistent description of the N-ϕ interaction, which is particularly relevant for the more fundamental studies on partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium.
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[Current researches and prospects of human induced pluripotent stem cells and gene editing technology of CRISPR/Cas9 in inherited ocular diseases]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 57:712-716. [PMID: 34865411 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210407-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into specific cell types or tissues of the eye in humans and have application prospects in retinal cell transplantation, corneal transplantation, and lens regeneration. Gene editing technology of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/crispr-associated protein-9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) can introduce causative mutations of inherited ocular diseases into human induced pluripotent stem cells effectively. Then they can be further differentiated into specific somatic cells maintaining a genetic disease background, which can mimic the occurrence of inherited ocular diseases in vitro. The cell model may help scientists study the mechanism of human disease development, establish an in vitro screening platform to find therapeutic drugs, and correct genetic mutations in the human genome for cell therapy. The combination of stem cells and gene editing technology is revolutionizing the regenerative medicine in ophthalmology and gene therapy of inherited ocular diseases. This review summarizes the current application of human induced pluripotent stem cells and its combination with gene editing technology in the study of inherited ocular diseases. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 712-716).
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Multiharmonic Correlations of Different Flow Amplitudes in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.76 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:092302. [PMID: 34506195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.092302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, using higher-order symmetric cumulants. We find that different three-harmonic correlations develop during the collective evolution of the medium when compared to correlations that exist in the initial state. These new results cannot be interpreted in terms of previous lower-order flow measurements since contributions from two-harmonic correlations are explicitly removed in the new observables. A comparison to Monte Carlo simulations provides new and independent constraints for the initial conditions and system properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions.
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Soft-Dielectron Excess in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:042302. [PMID: 34355943 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.042302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A measurement of dielectron production in proton-proton (pp) collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC, is presented in this Letter. The data set was recorded with a reduced magnetic solenoid field. This enables the investigation of a kinematic domain at low dielectron (ee) invariant mass m_{ee} and pair transverse momentum p_{T,ee} that was previously inaccessible at the LHC. The cross section for dielectron production is studied as a function of m_{ee}, p_{T,ee}, and event multiplicity dN_{ch}/dη. The expected dielectron rate from hadron decays, called hadronic cocktail, utilizes a parametrization of the measured η/π^{0} ratio in pp and proton-nucleus collisions, assuming that this ratio shows no strong dependence on collision energy at low transverse momentum. Comparison of the measured dielectron yield to the hadronic cocktail at 0.15<m_{ee}<0.6 GeV/c^{2} and for p_{T,ee}<0.4 GeV/c indicates an enhancement of soft dielectrons, reminiscent of the "anomalous" soft-photon and soft-dilepton excess in hadron-hadron collisions reported by several experiments under different experimental conditions. The enhancement factor over the hadronic cocktail amounts to 1.61±0.13(stat)±0.17(syst,data)±0.34(syst,cocktail) in the ALICE acceptance. Acceptance-corrected excess spectra in m_{ee} and p_{T,ee} are extracted and compared with calculations of dielectron production from hadronic bremsstrahlung and thermal radiation within a hadronic many-body approach.
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EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor Almonertinib induces apoptosis and autophagy mediated by reactive oxygen species in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S49-S62. [PMID: 34219533 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Almonertinib, a new third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is highly selective to EGFR T790M-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is no available information on the form and molecular mechanism of Almonertinib-induced death in NSCLC cells. Herein, CCK-8 and colony formation assays, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and western blots assay showed that Almonertinib inhibited NSCLC cells growth and proliferation by inducing apoptosis and autophagy which can be inhibited by a broad spectrum of caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk or autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Importantly, Almonertinib-induced autophagy was cytoprotective in NSCLC cells, and the blockade of autophagy improved cell apoptosis. In addition, Almonertinib increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and clearance of ROS through pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibited the decrease of cell viability, apoptosis and increase of LC3-II induced by Almonertinib. The results of Western blot showed that both EGFR activity and downstream signaling pathways were inhibited by Almonertinib. Taken together, these findings indicated that Almonertinib induced apoptosis and autophagy by promoting ROS production in NSCLC cells.
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Elliptic Flow of Electrons from Beauty-Hadron Decays in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:162001. [PMID: 33961482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.162001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The elliptic flow of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity (|y|<0.8) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The azimuthal distribution of the particles produced in the collisions can be parametrized with a Fourier expansion, in which the second harmonic coefficient represents the elliptic flow, v_{2}. The v_{2} coefficient of electrons from beauty hadron decays is measured for the first time in the transverse momentum (p_{T}) range 1.3-6 GeV/c in the centrality class 30%-50%. The measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays exploits their larger mean proper decay length cτ≈500 μm compared to that of charm hadrons and most of the other background sources. The v_{2} of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity is found to be positive with a significance of 3.75 σ. The results provide insights into the degree of thermalization of beauty quarks in the medium. A model assuming full thermalization of beauty quarks is strongly disfavored by the measurement at high p_{T}, but is in agreement with the results at low p_{T}. Transport models including substantial interactions of beauty quarks with an expanding strongly interacting medium describe the measurement within uncertainties.
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Research Progress on Individual Identification by Frontal Sinus Imaging. FA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2021; 37:81-86. [PMID: 33780190 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2019.291211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Frontal sinus imaging is an important research object in forensic individual identification due to the highly specific irregular air cavity shape of frontal sinus, the stability of its shape after maturity, and the wide clinical application of radiology technology. The use of frontal sinus imaging for individual identification has significance in the court. When the application of traditional individual identification methods such as fingerprint identification and DNA analysis are limited or cannot be effectively carried out, or when the corresponding dental records are lacking and in other special cases, individual identification with frontal sinus imaging comparison is an effective alternative. Various types of image data can be used for individual identification with frontal sinus, mainly based on artificial visual comparing. With limitations such as, high professional requirements, low efficiency and small application range, the methods cannot be used in mass disasters. In recent years, some computer image recognition techniques have been used in identification of frontal sinus imagings and can significantly improve the efficiency of recognition. Difficulties such as low manual recognition efficiency may be overcomed. This study summarizes the reports on forensic individual identification using frontal sinus imaging, to review the research progress on individual identification with frontal sinus imaging, to provide a reference for further research on frontal sinus imaging, and to provide ideas for exploration and establishment of a faster, more efficient and more accurate individual identification system.
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Adult Age Estimation of CT Image Reconstruction of the Laryngeal Cartilages and Hyoid Bone Based on Data Mining. FA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2021; 37:15-20. [PMID: 33780179 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objective To explore the feasibility of the CT image reconstruction of laryngeal cartilage and hyoid bone in adult age estimation using data mining methods. Methods The neck thin slice CT scans of 413 individuals aged 18 to <80 years were collected and divided into test set and train set, randomly. According to grading methods such as TURK et al., all samples were graded comprehensively. The process of thyroid cartilage ossification was divided into 6 stages, the process of cricoid cartilage ossification was divided into 5 stages, and the synosteosis between the greater horn of hyoid and hyoid body was divided into 3 stages. Multiple linear regression model, support vector regression model, and Bayesian ridge regression model were developed for adult age estimation by scikit-learn 0.17 machine learning kit (Python language). Leave-one-out cross-validation and the test set were used to further evaluate performance of the models. Results All indicators were moderately or poorly associated with age. The model with the highest accuracy in male age estimation was the support vector regression model, with a mean absolute error of 8.67 years, much higher than the other two models. The model with the highest accuracy in female adult age estimation was the support vector regression model, with a mean absolute error of 12.69 years, but its accuracy differences with the other two models had no statistical significance. Conclusion Data mining technology can improve the accuracy of adult age estimation, but the accuracy of adult age estimation based on laryngeal cartilage and hyoid bone is still not satisfactory, so it should be combined with other indicators in practice.
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[Forensic Individual Identification Based on the New Coding Method of Oral Pano-ramic Tomography]. FA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2021; 36:767-771. [PMID: 33550724 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Objective To discuss a new coding method for individual identification based on oral panoramic tomography, analyze the diversity of different coding modules in nonhomologous images and the consistency and the matching rate of the coding indexes of different coding modules in homologous images, and evaluate the application value of the different modules and the new coding method in individual identification. Methods The oral panoramic tomography images of 1 000 patients with permanent teeth were collected retrospectively. Each patient had two images taken at different times (called the Early database and the Late database according to the chronological order). Each image was coded according to the designed coding method. A computer program was designed to compare the diversity of different modules, and calculate the diversity and consistency of different coding modules as well as the matching rate of the coding indexes. Results The diversity of the 4 modules that reflected teeth characteristics was much higher than that of other modules in the same database. The highest diversity was noticed in the module of right mandibular teeth in samples of both databases. The coding consistencies of the 4 modules were all above 50%. Besides, 90.2% of the matching rates of indexes of homologous images were over 80%. Conclusion The 4 modules have higher application value in individual identification, especially the right mandibular teeth. The coding method has a certain value in forensic individual identification.
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Blockade of BK channels attenuates chronic visceral hypersensitivity in an IBS-like rat model. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211040364. [PMID: 34407673 PMCID: PMC8381452 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still poorly understood, despite that chronic abdominal pain is the most common symptoms in IBS patients. To study effects of BK channels on visceral hypersensitivity in IBS rats and the underlying mechanisms, IBS rats were established by colorectal distention (CRD) in postnatal rats. The expression of large-conductance calcium and voltage-dependent potassium ion channels (BK channels) of the thoracolumbar spinal cord was examined in IBS and control rats. The effects of BK channel blockade on visceral hypersensitivity were evaluated. The interaction of BK channels and N-methyl-D-aspartate acid (NMDA) receptors was explored, and synaptic transmission at superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons of the thoracolumbar spinal cord was recorded by whole-cell patch clamp in IBS rats. RESULTS The expression of the BK channels of the thoracolumbar spinal cord in IBS rats was significantly reduced. The blockade of BK channels could reduce the visceral hypersensitivity in IBS rats. There was an interaction between BK channels and NMDA receptors in the spinal cord. The frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in SDH neurons is significantly reduced in IBS rats. The blockade of BK channels depolarizes the inhibitory interneuron membrane and increases their excitability in IBS rats. CONCLUSIONS BK channels could interact with NMDA receptors in the thoracolumbar spinal cord of rats and regulate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS rats.
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Identification of N-glycosylation sites on AtERO1 and AtERO2 using a transient expression system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:481-485. [PMID: 32977945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is an important protein modification that generally occurs at the Asn residue in an Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequon. Ero1 and its homologs play key roles in catalyzing the oxidative folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recently, we found that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ERO1 and AtERO2 displayed different characteristics in catalyzing oxidative protein folding in the ER. All known Ero1s are glycosylated proteins, including AtERO1 and AtERO2 that were analyzed when they were transiently translated in mammalian cells. However, the exact N-glycosylation sites on AtERO1 and AtERO2 remains to be determined. In this work, using a plant transient expression system, we identified the N-glycosylation sites on both AtERO1 and AtERO2. We found that AtERO1 has one N-glycosylation site, while AtERO2 contains two, all in the N-X-S/T sequons. Interestingly, we found that Ero1 homologs from human, rice, soybean and Arabidopsis, all have a conserved N-glycosylation site near the inner active site that reduces molecular oxygen and provides the oxidizing equivalents. The identification of N-glycosylation sites on AtERO1/2 proteins will help understand the function of N-glycosylation not only in AtERO1/2, but also in other Ero1 homologs.
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[Research Progress of Adult Age Determination with Imaging Methods]. FA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2020; 36:605-613. [PMID: 33295159 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Adult age determination plays an important role in individual identification, criminal investigation and social welfare. The most popular adult age determination indicators are pubic symphysis, iliac auricular surface, costal cartilage, cranial sutures, teeth, laryngeal cartilage, etc. In recent years, with the progress of CT imaging and 3D reconstruction technology, the adult age determination study gradually has transferred from a time-consuming general observation of bones with complex pre-processing in the past to the non-destructive, convenient, time-saving and easy to store image analysis technology. To explore more accurate, rapid and convenient adult age determination methods, multiple imaging methods and artificial intelligence have been applied in adult age determination. This paper reviews the common methods and research progress of adult age determination at home and abroad, infers the development direction of adult age determination, in order to provide reference for the improvement and optimization of forensic adult age determination.
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Physical characterization of electrospun polycaprolactone via laser micrometry: Porosity and condition-dependent jet instabilities. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mental health problems and correlates among 746 217 college students during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020; 29:e181. [PMID: 33185174 PMCID: PMC7681173 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796020000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major public health concern all over the world. Little is known about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population. This study aimed to assess the mental health problems and associated factors among a large sample of college students during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. METHODS This cross-sectional and nation-wide survey of college students was conducted in China from 3 to 10 February 2020. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess psychosocial factors, COVID-19 epidemic related factors and mental health problems. Acute stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by the Chinese versions of the impact of event scale-6, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Univariate and hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors associated with mental health problems. RESULTS Among 821 218 students who participated in the survey, 746 217 (90.9%) were included for the analysis. In total, 414 604 (55.6%) of the students were female. About 45% of the participants had mental health problems. The prevalence rates of probable acute stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms were 34.9%, 21.1% and 11.0%, respectively. COVID-19 epidemic factors that were associated with increased risk of mental health problems were having relatives or friends being infected (adjusted odds ratio = 1.72-2.33). Students with exposure to media coverage of the COVID-19 ≥3 h/day were 2.13 times more likely than students with media exposure <1 h/day to have acute stress symptoms. Individuals with low perceived social support were 4.84-5.98 times more likely than individuals with high perceived social support to have anxiety and depressive symptoms. In addition, senior year and prior mental health problems were also significantly associated with anxiety or/and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In this large-scale survey of college students in China, acute stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms are prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple epidemic and psychosocial factors, such as family members being infected, massive media exposure, low social support, senior year and prior mental health problems were associated with increased risk of mental health problems. Psychosocial support and mental health services should be provided to those students at risk.
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Research Progress on the Forensic Age Estimation in Living Individuals Using MRI. FA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2020; 36:549-548. [PMID: 33047542 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract One of the major tasks in the forensic field is age estimation in living individuals, especially in adolescents and young adults. The X-ray examination of left hand, panoramic radiograph and CT scan of the sternal end of clavicles are mature means that are widely used. However, the X-ray technique has great radiation on the human body, and imaging radiation for non-diagnosis and treatment purposes does not conform to the current mainstream medical ethics. MRI is nonradioactive tomographic imaging and is one of the research and development directions in forensic age estimation in living individuals now. This paper summarizes the common indicators and analysis methods of MRI in previous research of age estimation, in order to get better understanding of its trends and provide a clue for future relevant studies.
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UPDATE OF CARTITUDE-1: A PHASE 1B/2 STUDY OF JNJ-68284528 (JNJ-4528), A B-CELL MATURATION ANTIGEN (BCMA)-DIRECTED CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T (CAR-T) CELL THERAPY, IN RELAPSED/REFRACTORY MULTIPLE MYELOMA (MM). Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.10.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Measurement of the Low-Energy Antideuteron Inelastic Cross Section. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:162001. [PMID: 33124836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.162001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions at low particle momenta, covering a range of 0.3≤p<4 GeV/c. The measurement is carried out using p-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC and utilizing the detector material as an absorber for antideuterons and antiprotons. The extracted raw primary antiparticle-to-particle ratios are compared to the results from detailed ALICE simulations based on the geant4 toolkit for the propagation of (anti)particles through the detector material. The analysis of the raw primary (anti)proton spectra serves as a benchmark for this study, since their hadronic interaction cross sections are well constrained experimentally. The first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions averaged over the ALICE detector material with atomic mass numbers ⟨A⟩=17.4 and 31.8 is obtained. The measured inelastic cross section points to a possible excess with respect to the Glauber model parametrization used in geant4 in the lowest momentum interval of 0.3≤p<0.47 GeV/c up to a factor 2.1. This result is relevant for the understanding of antimatter propagation and the contributions to antinuclei production from cosmic ray interactions within the interstellar medium. In addition, the momentum range covered by this measurement is of particular importance to evaluate signal predictions for indirect dark-matter searches.
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Effect of the baseline pulse wave velocity on short term and long term blood pressure control in primary hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2020; 317:193-199. [PMID: 32505371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arterial stiffness may affect antihypertensive response to antihypertensive treatment. However, sufficient clinical evidence is lacking. This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the effect of baseline arterial stiffness measured by the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) on response to short-term and long-term enalapril-based treatment in 3310 hypertensive adults from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). METHODS AND RESULTS Blood pressure (BP) measured at three months (short-term) in 2780 subjects, and the time-average on-treatment BP in 3310 subjects during a median of 4.5-year follow-ups (long-term) were analyzed in the study. After short-term antihypertensive treatment, every 1 m/s increase in baPWV denoted a 7% and 6% decreased chance of achieving systolic BP (SBP) control (odds ratio (OR), 0.93; 95% CI 0.90, 0.96; P < 0.001) and BP control (OR, 0.94; 95% CI 0.91, 0.97; P < 0.001), respectively, after adjustment for age, gender and other variables. After long-term treatment, every 1 m/s increase in baPWV posed an 7% and 6% greater risk of failing to attain SBP control (OR, 0.93; 95% CI 0.90, 0.95; P < 0.001) and BP control (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92, 0.96; P < 0.001), respectively, not regarding for DBP control after both short- and long-term treatment. Higher baseline baPWV significantly decreased SBP reduction both after three months and the median 4.5-year treatment, while increased DBP reduction after the median 4.5-year treatment. CONCLUSIONS Elevated baseline baPWV significantly decreased BP response to short-and long-term treatment in adults with primary hypertensive. Arterial stiffness improvement may be an essential target to achieve adequate BP control.
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Age Estimation in Han Adults by Thin-Layer CT Scan of Cranial Sutures. FA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2020; 36:507-513. [PMID: 33047535 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objective To explore the value of degree of cranial suture closure in forensic adult age estimation by thin-layer CT scan and establish an adult age estimation model of the Han nationality. Methods Thin-layer CT scan samples of the heads of 220 healthy Sichuan Han adults (110 males, 110 females) aged 20 to 70 were collected, of which 20 samples (10 males, 10 females) were randomly selected as test samples. The sagittal suture, coronal suture (both left and right) and lambdoid suture (both left and right) were respectively and equally divided into 2 segments, and every segment was equally divided into 10 layers and the corresponding multiplanar reformation (MPR) images were selected. The closure of cranial sutures on MPR images was classified into the grades 1-7. The correlations between cranial sutures and age were analyzed to build regression equation for age estimation. Results The degree of closure of sagittal suture, coronal suture (both left and right) and lambdoid suture (both left and right) was positively correlated with age. The coefficient of determination (R2) of regression equation was 0.419 in males, 0.589 in females, and 0.522 in all samples. The results of the verification test showed that the mean absolute error (MAE) was 6.39 years in males, 6.16 years in females, and 6.29 years in all samples. Conclusion There was a higher accuracy in adult age estimation by thin-layer CT scan of cranial sutures. The age of Han nationality adults can be estimated by the degree of cranial sutures closure.
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[Review and Prospects of Virtual Anthropology]. FA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2020; 36:595-594. [PMID: 33295158 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
no abstract.
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A study of regulatory effects of TLR4 and NF-κB on primary biliary cholangitis. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:3951-3959. [PMID: 31115023 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201905_17824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effects of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cells (NF-κB) on primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and to analyze the possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 24 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into M group (n=12, intraperitoneally injected with polyinosinic acid-polycytidine acid (PolyI:C) for 12 consecutive weeks, 2 times/week) and C group (n=12, intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline). After 12 weeks, the mice were sacrificed to collect liver tissues. Then, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to detect the content of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in liver tissues. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining assay was performed to observe the pathological changes of liver tissues, and measure the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in peripheral blood of mice. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining was applied to determine cell apoptosis in liver tissues. The relative messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in liver tissues were detected by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Western blotting was adopted to measure the protein expressions of TLR4, NF-κB, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and Caspase-3. RESULTS Compared with that in C group, the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in liver tissues in M group was significantly increased (p<0.01), but the level of IL-10 was statistically downregulated (p<0.01). According to HE staining, liver damage of mice in M group was evidently severer than that in C group, and the levels of ALT and AST in M group were significantly higher than those in C group (p<0.01). The amount of TUNEL-positive cells in liver tissues in M group was significantly greater than that in C group (p<0.01). The levels of TLR4 and NF-κB mRNA in liver tissues from M group were significantly elevated in comparison with the C group (p<0.01). Compared with those in C group, the expressions of TLR4, NF-κB, MyD88, and Caspase-3 proteins in M group showed statistical increases in liver tissues (p<0.01), whereas that of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly declined (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS PBC activates the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, induces the release of inflammatory factors and produces a large number of apoptotic proteins, which results in liver damage and cell apoptosis in mice.
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Probing the Effects of Strong Electromagnetic Fields with Charge-Dependent Directed Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:022301. [PMID: 32701333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.022301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first measurement at the LHC of charge-dependent directed flow (v_{1}) relative to the spectator plane is presented for Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. Results are reported for charged hadrons and D^{0} mesons for the transverse momentum intervals p_{T}>0.2 GeV/c and 3<p_{T}<6 GeV/c in the 5%-40% and 10%-40% centrality classes, respectively. The difference between the positively and negatively charged hadron v_{1} has a positive slope as a function of pseudorapidity η, dΔv_{1}/dη=[1.68±0.49(stat)±0.41(syst)]×10^{-4}. The same measurement for D^{0} and D[over ¯]^{0} mesons yields a positive value dΔv_{1}/dη=[4.9±1.7(stat)±0.6(syst)]×10^{-1}, which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the one of the charged hadrons. These measurements can provide new insights into the effects of the strong electromagnetic field and the initial tilt of matter created in noncentral heavy ion collisions on the dynamics of light (u, d, and s) and heavy (c) quarks. The large difference between the observed Δv_{1} of charged hadrons and D^{0} mesons may reflect different sensitivity of the charm and light quarks to the early time dynamics of a heavy ion collision. These observations challenge some recent theoretical calculations, which predicted a negative and an order of magnitude smaller value of dΔv_{1}/dη for both light flavor and charmed hadrons.
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Evidence of Spin-Orbital Angular Momentum Interactions in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:012301. [PMID: 32678650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.012301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first evidence of spin alignment of vector mesons (K^{*0} and ϕ) in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is reported. The spin density matrix element ρ_{00} is measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) of 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector. ρ_{00} values are found to be less than 1/3 (1/3 implies no spin alignment) at low transverse momentum (p_{T}<2 GeV/c) for K^{*0} and ϕ at a level of 3σ and 2σ, respectively. No significant spin alignment is observed for the K_{S}^{0} meson (spin=0) in Pb-Pb collisions and for the vector mesons in pp collisions. The measured spin alignment is unexpectedly large but qualitatively consistent with the expectation from models which attribute it to a polarization of quarks in the presence of angular momentum in heavy-ion collisions and a subsequent hadronization by the process of recombination.
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Third sacral foramen morphometry analysis in Chinese and lead implantation for sacral neuromodulation. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Correction: Therapeutic targeting of Id2 reduces growth of human colorectal carcinoma in the murine liver. Oncogene 2020; 39:4619. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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