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da Silva AT, de Souza DC, de Souza SA, de Souza Alves JC, Dias ES, Aguilar-Marcelino L, de Freitas Soares FE. Linking the protease activity to the nematicidal action of edible mushroom. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:170. [PMID: 38630319 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Biological control using edible mushrooms as natural enemies is a sustainable alternative for pest management. Despite the well-established literature on toxins and secondary metabolites produced by these fungi in the biochemical control of nematodes, the nematicidal activity of proteases from different Pleurotus species is yet to be investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to correlate protease to the nematicidal activity of different mushrooms, Pleurotus sp., P. ostreatus (SB), P. ostreatus (Pearl), and P. djamor. For such a purpose, we performed motility assays of Panagrellus sp. at different time intervals, 6, 12, and 24 h for each of the mushrooms. In addition, the protease activity was measured using different pH (5, 7, and 9) and fermentation time intervals (45 and 75 days). Furthermore, we also evaluated the effect of this cell-free extract on Panagrellus sp. In response to these experiments, all edible mushrooms showed a reduction over 82% for the nematode-feeding activity (p < 0.01). The cell-free crude extract of each of the fungi studied showed nematocidal activity (p < 0.01). For the 45-day fermentation, P. djamor exhibited statistical significance (p < 0.01) compared with the others, reaching a reduction percentage of 73%. For the 75-day fermentation, Pleurotus sp. and P. ostreatus (Pearl) showed significant differences compared with the other fungi (p < 0.01), with reduction percentages of 64 and 62%, respectively. Herein, protease activity was associated with the nematicidal action of different Pleurotus species in controlling Panagrellus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Toledo da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioquímica Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Debora Castro de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioquímica Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Stefany Amorim de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioquímica Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | | | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- Centro Nacional de Investigação Disciplinar em Saúde e Segurança Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Florestal, Agrícola e Pecuária (INIFAP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioquímica Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.
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Cuevas-Padilla EJ, Hernández-Velázquez VM, Cardoso-Taketa A, Sánchez JE, Vargas-Uriostegui P, Dantan-Gonzalez E, Castañeeda-Ramírez GS, de Freitas Soares FE, Páez-León SY, Aguilar-Marcelino L. Crude Extracts of Pleurotus Spp. and the Presence of Their Proteins in the Ovicidal and Larvicidal Activity of Haemonchus contortus. J Med Food 2024; 27:379-384. [PMID: 38507677 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus have shown nematophagous activity as it produces many chemical compounds and enzymes affecting parasitic nematodes. This study aimed to extract the inhibitory activity of the five strains of the fungus Pleurotus spp. It was evaluated against eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus. The extract of P. ostreatus obtained the highest level of inhibition of eggs at 97.6% (1341 μg/mL) followed by P. pulmonarius (EPP) at 81.2% (774 μg/mL). The extract selected for evaluation against larvae was P. pulmonarius, showing no effect for L3 larvae, but for L4 larvae an immobility effect of 56.93% was observed at 900 μg/mL. The protein profile showed the presence of 23 protein bands in the extract. The crude extract of P. pulmonarius showed degradation of tissues both inside the eggs and larvae L1. Metabolites produced by Pleurotus mushrooms can consider using in agriculture sustainable by utilizing in producing of ovicidal and larvicidal against H. contortus instead of chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Josué Cuevas-Padilla
- Biological Control Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center (CEIB), Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Research Laboratory, National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety, INIFAP, Jiutepec, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Hernández-Velázquez
- Biological Control Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center (CEIB), Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa
- Medicinal Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center (CEIB), Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - José Ernesto Sánchez
- Tropical Mushroom Laboratory, The Southern Border College, Apdo. Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Patricia Vargas-Uriostegui
- Research Laboratory, National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety, INIFAP, Jiutepec, Mexico
| | - Edgar Dantan-Gonzalez
- Studies Ecogenomic Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center (CEIB), Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Gloria Sarahi Castañeeda-Ramírez
- Studies Ecogenomic Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center (CEIB), Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Susan Yaracet Páez-León
- Medicinal Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center (CEIB), Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- Research Laboratory, National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety, INIFAP, Jiutepec, Mexico
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Soares FEDF, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Braga FR. Editorial: Nematophagous fungi as nematode control agents. Front Fungal Biol 2024; 4:1353132. [PMID: 38298859 PMCID: PMC10827849 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1353132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Experimental e Controle Biológico, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Vila Velha, Brazil
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Souza DCD, Silva ACD, Silva ATD, Castro CRDS, Albuquerque LB, Moreira TF, de Araújo JV, Braga FR, Soares FEDF. Compatibility study of Duddingtonia flagrans conidia and its crude proteolytic extract. Vet Parasitol 2023; 322:110030. [PMID: 37729830 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the concomitant use of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and its protease-rich crude extract for the in vitro control of Panagrellus sp., Haemonchus spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. The nematicidal tests were carried out on larvae of the free-living nematode Panagrellus sp. and infective larvae of the gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes of domestic ruminants (Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp). Five experimental groups were set: (1) one control group (G1) and (4) four treated groups -G2 - active crude extract; G3 - denatured crude extract; G4 - fungus, and G5 - fungus + active extract. Plates were incubated at 28 ºC for 24 h followed by the recovery of the larvae using the Baermann technique. The results showed a lower recovery of Panagrellus sp. larvae in the experimental groups compared to the control group, as follows: 52 % (G2), 16 % (G3), 46 % (G4), and 77 % (G5). An even greater reduction (77 ± 5 %) occurred in the group (G5). In addition, the authors observed lower averages of L3 of Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. in the experimental groups compared to the control group, as follows: 59 % (G2), 0 % (G3), 86 % (G4), and 76 % (G5). In turn, there was a difference (p < 0.01) between (G5) and (G2). The results this study indicate a positive effect from the compatible use of the D. flagrans fungus and its enzymatic crude extract (protease), which has been demonstrated here for the first time and with potential field applications for further designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Castro de Souza
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioquímica Aplicada, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioquímica Aplicada, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil
| | - Adriane Toledo da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioquímica Aplicada, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Laisa Bastos Albuquerque
- Escola de Veterinária, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Facury Moreira
- Escola de Veterinária, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Experimental e Controle Biológico, Universidade Vila Velha, Brazil
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Mendes LQ, Ferraz CM, Ribeiro NRC, Ulfeldt KB, Ribeiro JCC, Merizio MF, Rossi GAM, Aguiar AARM, Araújo JVD, Soares FEDF, Vilela VLR, Braga FR. Efficacy of Duddingtonia flagrans (Bioverm®) on the biological control of buffalo gastrointestinal nematodes. Exp Parasitol 2023; 253:108592. [PMID: 37549824 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of Bioverm®, a commercial product containing Duddingtonia flagrans, on the control of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) gastrointestinal nematodes. We randomly divided 12 buffaloes into two groups of six animals. In the treated group, each animal received a Bioverm®`s single dose of 1g (105 chlamydospores of D. flagrans) to 10 kg of live weight; in the control group, each animal received 1g of corn bran for each 10 kg of live weight as a placebo. Fecal samples were individually collected from 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h after treatments. To examine 1) viability of chlamydospores passed through the gastrointestinal tract, 2 g of faeces and 1000 infective larvae (L3) were added to Petri dishes with 2% water-agar, and 2) to examine larval predation by D. flagrans during fecal cultures, 2000 L3 were added. In the Petri dishes, were observed significant reductions (p < 0.01) in the treated group after 48 (56.7%) and 60 h (91.5%). In the fecal cultures, significant reductions (p < 0.01) occurred in the treated group from 36 h (75%), with larval reduction up to 72 h. High larval predation rate occurred 60 h after Bioverm® administration. Bioverm® maintained viability and predation capacity after passage through the buffalo's gastrointestinal tract, showing efficacy on gastrointestinal nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanderson Queiroz Mendes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Magri Ferraz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Kim Borja Ulfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Mayara Faneli Merizio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Dos Santos Fonseca J, Altoé LSC, de Carvalho LM, de Freitas Soares FE, Braga FR, de Araújo JV. Nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia to control parasitic diseases in animals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12525-0. [PMID: 37148335 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The control of gastrointestinal parasites in animals has become more challenging every year due to parasite resistance to conventional chemical control, which has been observed worldwide. Ovicidal or opportunistic fungi do not form traps to capture larvae. Their mechanism of action is based on a mechanical/enzymatic process, which enables the penetration of their hyphae into helminth eggs, with subsequent internal colonization of these. The biological control with the Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus has been very promising in the treatment of environments and prevention. When used in intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the fungus promoted a high percentage decrease in the population density of aquatic snails. Secondary metabolites were also found in P. chlamydosporia. Many of these compounds can be used by the chemical industry in the direction of a commercial product. This review aims to provide a description of P. chlamydosporia and its possible use as a biological parasitic controller. The ovicidal fungus P. chlamydosporia is effective in the control of parasites and goes far beyond the control of verminosis, intermediate hosts, and coccidia. It can also be used not only as biological controllers in natura but also as their metabolites and molecules can have chemical action against these organisms. KEY POINTS: • The use of the fungus P. chlamydosporia is promising in the control of helminths. • Metabolites and molecules of P. chlamydosporia may have chemical action in control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Dos Santos Fonseca
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
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7
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Al-Ani LKT, Soares FEDF, Sharma A, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Valdivia-Padilla AV, Aguilar-Marcelino L. Strategy of Nematophagous Fungi in Determining the Activity of Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Their Prospective Role in Sustainable Agriculture. Front Fungal Biol 2022; 3:863198. [PMID: 37746161 PMCID: PMC10512347 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.863198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we supply a framework for the importance of nematophagous fungi (nematophagous fungi [NF]) and their role in agricultural ecosystems. We characterize the taxonomy, diversity, ecology, and type of NF, depending on their interaction with plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). We described potential mechanisms of NF in the control of PPNs, the efficiency and methods of utilization, and the use of nematicides in sustainable agriculture. We explain the utilization of NF in nanotechnology as a new approach. NF are significant in the soil for having the effective potential for use in sustainable agriculture. These types of fungi belong to wide taxa groups, such as Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and other groups. Diverse NF are available in different kinds of soil, especially in soils that contain high densities of nematodes. There is a relationship between the environment of nematodes and NF. NF can be divided into two types according to the mechanisms that affect nematodes. These types are divided into direct or indirect effects. The direct effects include the following: ectoparasites, endoparasites, cyst, or egg parasites producing toxins, and attack tools as special devices. However, the indirect effect comprises two groups: paralyzing toxins and the effect on the life cycle of nematodes. We explained the molecular mechanisms for determining the suitable conditions in brief and clarified the potential for increasing the efficacy of NF to highly impact sustainable agriculture in two ways: directly and indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- School of Biology Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | | | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Jiutepec, Mexico
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Bautista-Garfias CR, Castañeda-Ramírez GS, Estrada-Reyes ZM, Soares FEDF, Ventura-Cordero J, González-Pech PG, Morgan ER, Soria-Ruiz J, López-Guillén G, Aguilar-Marcelino L. A Review of the Impact of Climate Change on the Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections in Small Ruminants and Wildlife in Tropical Conditions. Pathogens 2022; 11:148. [PMID: 35215092 PMCID: PMC8875231 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is causing detrimental changes in living organisms, including pathogens. This review aimed to determine how climate change has impacted livestock system management, and consequently, what factors influenced the gastrointestinal nematodes epidemiology in small ruminants under tropical conditions. The latter is orientated to find out the possible solutions responding to climate change adverse effects. Climate factors that affect the patterns of transmission of gastrointestinal parasites of domesticated ruminants are reviewed. Climate change has modified the behavior of several animal species, including parasites. For this reason, new control methods are required for controlling parasitic infections in livestock animals. After a pertinent literature analysis, conclusions and perspectives of control are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ramón Bautista-Garfias
- National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety (INIFAP), Km 11 Federal Road Cuernavaca-Cuautla, Jiutepec 62550, MR, Mexico; (C.R.B.-G.); (G.S.C.-R.)
| | - Gloria Sarahi Castañeda-Ramírez
- National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety (INIFAP), Km 11 Federal Road Cuernavaca-Cuautla, Jiutepec 62550, MR, Mexico; (C.R.B.-G.); (G.S.C.-R.)
- National Institute of Research for Forestry Agricultural and Livestock (INIFAP), Experimental Station Rosario Izapa, Tuxtla Chico 30780, CS, Mexico;
| | - Zaira Magdalena Estrada-Reyes
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | | | - Javier Ventura-Cordero
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5BL, UK; (J.V.-C.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Pedro Geraldo González-Pech
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Km 15.5 Road Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida 97100, YU, Mexico;
| | - Erick R. Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5BL, UK; (J.V.-C.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Jesús Soria-Ruiz
- Geomatics Lab, National Institute of Research for Forestry Agricultural and Livestock (INIFAP), Zinacantepec 52107, MX, Mexico;
| | - Guillermo López-Guillén
- National Institute of Research for Forestry Agricultural and Livestock (INIFAP), Experimental Station Rosario Izapa, Tuxtla Chico 30780, CS, Mexico;
| | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety (INIFAP), Km 11 Federal Road Cuernavaca-Cuautla, Jiutepec 62550, MR, Mexico; (C.R.B.-G.); (G.S.C.-R.)
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Soares FEDF, Abreu MADF. Plant cysteine proteases: Potential therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. Phytother Res 2021; 36:3-4. [PMID: 34894014 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Aguilar-Marcelino L, Al-Ani LKT, Freitas Soares FED, Moreira ALE, Téllez-Téllez M, Castañeda-Ramírez GS, Lourdes Acosta-Urdapilleta MD, Díaz-Godínez G, Pineda-Alegría JA. Formation, Resistance, and Pathogenicity of Fungal Biofilms: Current Trends and Future Challenges. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Valadão MC, Millena de Carvalho L, Vieira ÍS, Neves PH, Ferreira VM, Campos AK, Elias de Freitas Soares F, Ferraz CM, Ribeiro Vilela VL, Braga FR, Araújo JV. Germination capacity of the Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus after its passage through the gastrointestinal tract of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Exp Parasitol 2020; 216:107936. [PMID: 32535116 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the germination capacity of Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) fungus after its passage through the gastrointestinal tract of domestic chickens and its interaction with Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum eggs. Twenty-two domestic chickens were divided in two groups: control group (G1) received shredded corn substrate without VC4; and treatment group (G2) received a single dose of 29 g corn substrate containing 3.3 × 106 conidia/chlamydospores (VC4). Subsequently, chicken fecal samples were collected at intervals of 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 and 24 h. Petri dishes from fecal samples of the treated group (G2) were subdivided (G2a and G2b), and then replicated in 2% agar-water medium for the microbiological test. After VC4 growth, approximately 200 eggs of A. galli (G2a) and H. gallinarum (G2b) were added to each subgroup to evaluation of ovicidal activity. There was fungal viability after passage through chicken gastrointestinal tract and egg predation of 59.9% and 43.2% for A. galli and H. gallinarum, respectively. The present work demonstrates the ability of the fungus P. chlamydosporia to survive after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of domestic chickens, an extreme environment (low pH, enzymes, microbiota and mechanical action), and still germinate after being excreted with feces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ítalo Stoupa Vieira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Neves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Artur Kanadani Campos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Magri Ferraz
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Jackson Victor Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ferraz CM, Silva LPC, de Freitas Soares FE, Souza RLO, Tobias FL, de Araújo JV, Veloso FBR, Laviola FP, Endringer DC, de Gives PM, Braga FR. Effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNP's) from Duddingtonia flagrans on cyathostomins larvae (subfamily: cyathostominae). J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 174:107395. [PMID: 32433916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro effect of silver nanoparticles of the Duddingtonia flagrans filtrate enriched with chitin was evaluated on infective larvae of cyathostomins (L3). After biosynthesis, an assay was carried out with two experimental groups in microtubes, for a period of 24 h: G1 (AgNP's-D. flagrans (43.4 μg/mL) + 120 L3) and G2 (distilled water + 120 L3). At the end of this period, AgNP's-D. flagrans (G1) demonstrated an effect on L3 with a 43% reduction (p < 0.01) in relation to G2. Thus, the authors suggest new designs with AgNP's-D. flagrans for the control of cyathostomins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Magri Ferraz
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Universidade Vila Velha, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Luiz Tobias
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Universidade Vila Velha, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flavia Pessoa Laviola
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Universidade Vila Velha, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Ribeiro Braga
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Universidade Vila Velha, Brazil.
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da Rocha CM, Farias PCG, Gorza L, Soares FEDF, Ferraz CM, Souza RLO, Renon LBS, Braga FR. Association between infestation by Lynxacarus radovskyi (Acari: Lystrophoridae) and the occurrence of Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex. J Parasit Dis 2019; 43:726-729. [PMID: 31749545 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-019-01131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lynxacarus radovskyi are mites commonly found within domestic feline hair stems. The infested animal presents an opaque fur with a "salt and pepper" aspect. The contamination may occur by direct contact with other infected animals or by fomites, and the main diagnostic tool is the direct examination of the fur. The Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (FEGC) is a dermatological pattern of an immune answer against many types of injuries in felines, mainly during allergic reactions, and the treatment of choice are corticosteroids. The objective of this work was to document the linxcariosis cases at the Veterinary Hospital Professor Ricardo Alexandre Hippler-University of Vila Velha. Futhermore, the work also meant to research the association between the parasite contagion and the occurrence of FEGC injuries, which commonly occurred. Between April 2017 and August 2018, there were 8 reported cases of felines infested with L. radovskyi. The diagnoses were made with Acetate tape impression or by direct fur examination. Seven out of the eight cats presented with at least one characteristic injury of the FEGC. In all of them the chosen treatment was moxidectin or spot-on imidacloprid plus corticotherapy on the cats with FEGC, which were effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Matias da Rocha
- 1Setor de Clínica e Cirurgia Hospital Veterinário Ricardo Alexandre Hippler, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Gorza
- 2Laboratório de Clinico, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares
- 3Laboratório de Patologia dos Invertebrados, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
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Barbosa ACMS, Silva LPC, Ferraz CM, Tobias FL, de Araújo JV, Loureiro B, Braga GMAM, Veloso FBR, Soares FEDF, Fronza M, Braga FR. Nematicidal activity of silver nanoparticles from the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2341-2348. [PMID: 31040660 PMCID: PMC6452826 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helminth parasites cause morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals. Most anthelmintic drugs used in the treatment of parasitic nematode infections act on target proteins or regulate the electrical activity of neurons and muscles. In this way, it can lead to paralysis, starvation, immune attack, and expulsion of the worm. However, current anthelmintics have some limitations that include a limited spectrum of activity across species and the threat of drug resistance, which highlights the need for new drugs for human and veterinary medicine. Purpose Present study has been conducted to determine the anthelmintic activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the extract of nematophagous fungus, Duddingtonia flagrans, on the infecting larvae of Ancylostoma caninum (L3). Methods The nanoparticles were characterized by visual, ultraviolet, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The in vitro study was based on experiments to inhibit the motility of infective larvae (L3), and the ultrastructural analysis of the nematode was performed by images obtained by TEM. Results The XRD studies revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, and FTIR results implied that AgNPs were successfully synthesized and capped with compounds present in the extract. The results showed that the green synthesis of AgNPs exhibited nematicidal activity, being the only ones capable of penetrating the cuticle of the larvae, causing changes in the tegmentum, and consequently, the death of the nematode. Conclusion The extract of the fungus D. flagrans is able to synthesize AgNP and these have a nematicidal action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laryssa Pinheiro Costa Silva
- Parasitology and Biological Control Laboratory, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil, .,Morphology Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Magri Ferraz
- Parasitology and Biological Control Laboratory, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil,
| | - Fernando Luiz Tobias
- Parasitology and Biological Control Laboratory, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil,
| | | | - Barbara Loureiro
- Parasitology and Biological Control Laboratory, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil,
| | | | | | | | - Marcio Fronza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Parasitology and Biological Control Laboratory, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil,
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Soares FEDF, Nakajima VM, Sufiate BL, Satiro LAS, Gomes EH, Fróes FV, Sena FP, Braga FR, de Queiroz JH. Proteolytic and nematicidal potential of the compost colonized by Hypsizygus marmoreus. Exp Parasitol 2019; 197:16-19. [PMID: 30615860 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Spent mushroom compost (SMC) is a residue generated in edible mushrooms production, such as Hypsizygus marmoreus. Its genome was recently sequenced, demonstrating cuticle-degrading protease genes. The present work aims to investigate the proteases from H. marmoreus spent mushroom compost (SMC) by verifying its action on nematode larvae. The extraction of the crude extract directly with water from H. marmoreus SMC proved to be efficient for proteases obtainment, with proteolytic activity of 195.36 ± 18.38 U g-1 of compound. Moreover, the zymogram and SDS-PAGE indicated the presence of two proteases with estimated molecular weights of 30.2 and 33.7 kDa. Due to the protease activity present in H. marmoreus SMC extract, there was a significant reduction in the number of Panagrellus redivivus and L3 in treated group compared to control group (p < 0.01), with 52% and 26% of reduction, respectively. A0A151VWY3 mature protein is composed of 296 amino acid residues, exhibiting molecular weight and pI of 29.5 kDa and 6.72. A0A151WD28 mature protein is composed of 343 amino acid residues, exhibiting molecular weight and pI of 34.4 kDa and 8.04. In the present work it was demonstrated that SMC from H. marmoreus has easily extracted protease content, presenting two proteases, possibly with cuticle-degrading activity, which had significant nematicidal effect on P. redivivus and bovine infective larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares
- Federal University of Viçosa, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Cep: 3657000, Brazil; State University of Minas Gerais, Campus Ubá, Av. Olegário Maciel, 1427, Ubá, Minas Gerais, Cep: 36500-000, Brazil.
| | - Vânia Mayumi Nakajima
- Federal University of Viçosa, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Cep: 3657000, Brazil
| | - Bruna Leite Sufiate
- Federal University of Viçosa, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Cep: 3657000, Brazil
| | | | - Elias Honorato Gomes
- State University of Minas Gerais, Campus Ubá, Av. Olegário Maciel, 1427, Ubá, Minas Gerais, Cep: 36500-000, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Porto Sena
- Vila Velha University, Rua Viana, Soteco, Vila Velha, ES, CEP 29106-091, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Vila Velha University, Rua Viana, Soteco, Vila Velha, ES, CEP 29106-091, Brazil
| | - José Humberto de Queiroz
- Federal University of Viçosa, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Cep: 3657000, Brazil
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Toledo RCL, Brito LF, Caetano MMM, Nakajima VM, da Silva BP, Soares FEDF, Martino HSD, de Queiroz JH. Acute treatment with Mangifera indica L. leaf extract attenuates liver inflammation in rats fed a cafeteria diet. Food Funct 2019; 10:4861-4867. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the acute anti-inflammatory activity of Mangifera indica L. leaf extract and mangiferin in the liver of rats fed a cafeteria diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vânia Mayumi Nakajima
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
- School of Nutrition
- Federal University Fluminense – UFF
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
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Cardoso WS, Queiroz PV, Tavares GP, Santos FA, Soares FEDF, Kasuya MCM, Queiroz JHD. Multi-enzyme complex of white rot fungi in saccharification of lignocellulosic material. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:879-884. [PMID: 30150084 PMCID: PMC6175720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-enzyme complex (crude extract) of white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Trametes versicolor, Pycnosporus sanguineus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were characterized, evaluated in the hydrolysis of pretreated pulps of sorghum straw and compared efficiency with commercial enzyme. Most fungi complexes had better hydrolysis rates compared with purified commercial enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando Almeida Santos
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Bioenergia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sufiate BL, Soares FEDF, Moreira SS, Gouveia ADS, Cardoso EF, Braga FR, de Araújo JV, de Queiroz JH. In vitro and in silico characterization of a novel dextranase from Pochonia chlamydosporia. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:167. [PMID: 29527454 PMCID: PMC5842162 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to purify, characterize, and phylogenetically and structurally analyze the dextranase produced by the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia. Dextranase produced by the fungus P. chlamydosporia was purified to homogeneity in two steps, with a yield of 152%, purification factor of 6.84 and specific activity of 358.63 U/mg. Its molecular weight was estimated by SDS-PAGE at 64 kDa. The enzyme presented higher activity at 50 °C and pH 5.0, using 100 mM citrate-phosphate buffer, was inhibited by Ag1+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and presented KM of 23.60 µM. Mature dextranase is composed of 585 amino acids residues, with a predicted molecular weight of 64.38 kDa and pI 5.96. This dextranase showed a strong phylogenetic similarity when compared to Trichoderma harzianum dextranase. Its structure consists of two domains: the first composed by 15 β strands, and the second composed by a right-handed parallel β-helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Leite Sufiate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Samara Silveira Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Angélica de Souza Gouveia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Evandro Ferreira Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo 29500-000 Brazil
| | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Universidade Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n° 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo 29102-920 Brazil
| | - Jackson Victor de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
- Scholarship CNPq, Brasília, Brazil
| | - José Humberto de Queiroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
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Cardoso WS, Soares FEDF, Queiroz PV, Tavares GP, Santos FA, Sufiate BL, Kasuya MCM, de Queiroz JH. Minimum cocktail of cellulolytic multi-enzyme complexes obtained from white rot fungi via solid-state fermentation. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:46. [PMID: 29354357 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to optimize the total cellulase activity of the crude extract cocktails from five white rot fungi produced by solid-state fermentation, by means of the central composite design. The white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus PLO 06, Pleurotus eryngii PLE 04, Trametes versicolor TRAM 01, Pycnosporus sanguineus PYC 02 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium PC were tested. For optimization process aiming at the maximum value of total cellulase activity (FPAse), the multi-enzyme cellulase complexes (crude extracts) of each fungus were mixed simultaneously in different proportions. There was increase in FPAse activity for the cocktails formed by the extracts of the five fungi together, compared to the extracts of each fungus alone. The model presented the minimum cocktail of enzymes for maximum total cellulase activity, with 100.00 μL PYC; 100.00 μL PC; 100.00 μL PLO06; 100.00 μL PLE04 and 200 μL TRAM01. The maximum value found was of 304.86 U/L. The result of the cocktails was very relevant, showing that there is an enzymatic complementation in the extracts that should be further studied. Concentrated extract cocktails should also be evaluated for biomass saccharification.
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Nakajima VM, Soares FEDF, Queiroz JHD. Screening and decolorizing potential of enzymes from spent mushroom composts of six different mushrooms. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sufiate BL, Soares FEDF, Moreira SS, Gouveia ADS, Monteiro TSA, Freitas LGD, Queiroz JHD. Nematicidal action of Pleurotus eryngii metabolites. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leite Sufiate B, de Freitas Soares FE, Soares Roberti Á, de Queiroz JH. Nematicidal activity of proteases from Euphorbia milii. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de Hollanda Ayupe T, Monteiro TSA, Braga FR, de Freitas Soares FE, de Mello INK, Araujo JM, de Freitas LG, de Araújo JV. Assessment of compatibility between the nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys robusta and Duddingtonia flagrans under laboratory conditions. Rev Iberoam Micol 2016; 33:129-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Braga FR, Araújo JVD, Soares FEDF, Araujo JM, Ferreira SR, Tavela ADO, Silveira WFD, Queiroz JHD. Proteolytic action of the crude extract of Duddingtonia flagrans on cyathostomins (Nematoda: Cyathostominae) in coprocultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:143-6. [PMID: 24252960 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612013000100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the action of the crude extract of Duddingtonia flagrans (isolates AC001 and CG722) on infective larvae (L3) of cyathostomins in coprocultures and to confirm its proteolytic activity by means of a zymogram. The following groups were formed in coprocultures: Group 1: 10 mL of crude extract of D. flagrans (AC001); group 2: 10 mL of crude extract of AC001 with 10 mM of Ca2+; group 3: 10 mL of crude extract of D. flagrans (CG722); group 4: 10 mL of crude extract of CG722 with 10 mM of Ca2+; and group 5: control group (distilled water). The third-stage larvae (L3) were obtained after eight days. The crude extract of D. flagrans was effective in reducing the number of L3, with the following percentage reductions: group 1, 49.5%; group 2, 52.5%; group 3, 36.8%; and group 4, 57.7%; in relation to the control group (p > 0.05). The proteolytic activity of the crude extract was confirmed through the zymogram. The results from this study confirmed that the crude extract of the fungus D. flagrans could be used for controlling cyathostomin L3, and suggested that at least one protease of approximately 38 kDa was present.
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de Freitas Soares FE, de Queiroz JH, Braga FR, Dos Santos Lima W, Zamprogno TT, de Araújo JV. Proteolytic activity of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys sinensis on Angiostrongylus vasorum larvae. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:811. [PMID: 25406419 PMCID: PMC4242478 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The predatory nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys sinensis (SF53) produces three proteases with nematicidal activity when grown on solid media culture. However, the proteolytic profile produced by this fungus, when grown in liquid culture medium remains unknown. Findings Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the production of proteases from nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys sinensis in liquid medium and its nematicidal activity on first stage larvae of A. vasorum. Proteases were obtained in its crude form, using Whatman no.1 filter paper, followed by centrifugation for 5 min at 10 × g and 4°C. A zymogram was performed with co-polymerized casein in an acrylamide gel as substrate. An in vitro assay to evaluate the nematicidal action of the proteases of A. sinensis (SF53) produced in liquid medium on A. vasorum L1 was conducted. By the analysis of the zymogram, it was observed a single halo at the beginning of digestion of the gel, suggesting that the three proteases of SF53 are produced in an enzymatic complex of large molecular weight. Regarding nematicidal activity, within 24 hours, the proteases produced in liquid medium of A. sinensis (SF53) showed a percentage reduction of 64% on the number of L1 of A. vasorum. Conclusion In the present work, it is suggested that the three proteases of SF53 are produced in an enzymatic complex and was also demonstrated that these enzymes were effective in destroying A. vasorum L1.
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Lelis RT, Braga FR, de Carvalho LM, de Paula AT, Araujo JM, Fausto MC, Junior AM, Rodrigues JVF, de Freitas Soares FE, Garcia JS, de Araújo JV. Effect of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Acta Trop 2014; 139:88-92. [PMID: 25046695 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Echinostoma paraensei is a trematode of the genus Echinostoma that causes echinostomiasis in humans. The objectives of this study were to: evaluate the ovicidal activity of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) on a solid medium 2% water-agar (2% WA) against E. paraensei eggs (assay A); evaluate ovicidal effect (destruction of eggs) of the isolate VC4 in supplemented culture media (assay B); and evaluate the ovicidal ability of the crude extract (VC4) on E. paraensei eggs (assay C). Eggs of E. paraensei (assay A) were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% WA with an isolate of the fungus P. chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) grown for 10 days, and without fungus as a control and evaluated regarding their destruction. In assay B, eggs of E. paraensei were placed in Petri dishes with different supplemented culture media and with VC4 isolate and the destruction of eggs was examined at the end of 25 days of interaction. In assay C, effects of the crude extract of P. chlamydosporia (VC4) on eggs were evaluated at the end of 7 days. In assay A, there was no difference (p>0.05) in ovicidal activity among the tested isolates (VC1 and VC4); however, the highest percentage for ovicidal activity (type 3 effect) was demonstrated by the isolate VC4. In assay B, the culture medium starch-agar showed the best results for the destruction of the eggs, with a percentage of 46.6% at the end of the assay. In assay C, the crude extract of VC4 was effective in the destruction of E. paraensei eggs, with a percentage reduction of 53%. The results of this study demonstrate that a rich culture medium with a greater availability of carbon and nitrogen may interfere directly in the predatory characteristics of ovicidal fungi.
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Braga FR, de Freitas Soares FE, Araujo JM, da Fonseca LA, Hiura E, Garschagen Gava M, Toledo Vieira F, da Paz JS, de Carvalho LM, Faccini JV, de Queiroz JH, Araújo JV. Statistical experimental design to assess the influence of enzymes of nematophagous fungi versus helminths. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:527-32. [PMID: 25267285 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present work used Plackett-Burman experimental design to assess the influence of enzymes of nematophagous fungi versus Strongyloides westeri and trichostrongylides larvae and Platynosomum fastosum eggs. The variables studied in the Plackett-Burman design were the proteases and chitinases of AC001 or VC4 as destructive agents of S. westeri and trichostrongylides larvae, and P. fastosum eggs. All tested enzymes had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the destruction of S. westeri larvae. Furthermore, only VC4 and AC001 proteases showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the destruction of trichostrongylides larvae. On the other hand, chitinases of VC4 showed the highest significance (P < 0.05) on the destruction of P. fastosum eggs. It is proposed that statistical planning for the use of enzymes derived from nematophagous fungi is a viable way to elucidate some questions about their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil; Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana Milani Araujo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | | | - Emy Hiura
- Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - João Victor Faccini
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - José Humberto de Queiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Jackson Victor Araújo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
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Braga FR, Mendoza de Gives P, Paz Silva A, Soares FEDF, de Araújo JV. Zoonotic neglected tropical diseases: new approaches to combat old enemies. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:914248. [PMID: 24995334 PMCID: PMC4068044 DOI: 10.1155/2014/914248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, University Campus s/n, P.O. Box 3657000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mendoza de Gives
- Department of Helminthology, CENID-Veterinary Parasitology, INIFAP Federal Highway Cuernavaca, Cuautla No. 8534, P.O. Box 62550, Jiutepec, MO, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Paz Silva
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Jackson Victor de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, University Campus s/n, P.O. Box 3657000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Soares FEDF, Braga FR, de Araújo JV, Lima WDS, de Queiroz JH. The nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium and its nematicidal activity on Angiostrongylus vasorum. Rev Iberoam Micol 2013; 32:51-3. [PMID: 24071638 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dog acts as a reservoir and environmental disseminator of potentially zoonotic parasites. AIMS The objective of this work was to study the fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium regarding its nematicidal potential in laboratory trials and its proteolytic profile. METHODS The in vitro test was carried out through two assays (A and B). In assay A, conidia of the fungus N34a were added in positive coprocultures for Angiostrongylus vasorum. In assay B, crude extract (treated group) and distilled water (control group) were added to coprocultures. Next, the proteolytic profile of crude extract of the nematophagous fungus M. thaumasium (NF34a) was revealed by performing a zymogram. RESULTS There was a reduction (p<0.01) in the averages of larvae recovered from the treated groups (conidia and crude extract) in relation to control groups. The zymogram suggested that the nematophagous fungus M. thaumasium produces a protease of approximately 40 kDa. CONCLUSIONS The results of this work confirm that the conidia as well as the crude extract of the fungus M. thaumasium may be used to control A. vasorum L1. The proteolytic profile suggested the presence of one protease (Mt1) of approximately 40 kDa that in the future may be used in biological control of L1 of this nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Walter dos Santos Lima
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Humberto de Queiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Soares FEDF, Braga FR, Araújo JVD, Lima WDS, Mozzer LR, Queiroz JHD. Optimization of protease production by the fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium and its action against Angiostrongylus vasorum larvae. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2013; 22:285-8. [PMID: 23856736 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612013000200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to optimize protease production from the nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) and evaluate its larvicidal activity and biological stability. An isolate of the nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) was used to produce the enzyme. The Plackett-Burman design was used in order to scan which components of the culture medium could have a significant influence on protease production by the fungus NF34a. An in vitro assay was also performed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of NF34a. It was observed that only one component of the culture medium (yeast extract), at the levels studied, had any significant effect (p < 0.05) on protease production. There was a reduction (p < 0.01) in the mean number of larvae recovered from the treated groups, compared with the control groups. The results confirm previous reports on the efficiency of nematophagous fungi for controlling nematode larvae that are potentially zoonotic. Thus, given the importance of biological control, we suggest that further studies should be conducted on the protease produced by the fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium.
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Braga FR, Araújo JV, Tavela ADO, Vilela VLR, Soares FEDF, Araujo JM, Magalhães LQ, Silveira WFD, Feitosa TF, Dantas ES, Atahyde ACR. First report of interaction of nematophagous fungi onLibyostrongylus douglassii (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae). Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2013; 22:147-51. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612013000100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Libyostrongylus douglassii is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of ostriches that can cause up to 50% mortality in young birds. The objective of this study was to compare the predatory capacity of two isolates of the predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans(AC001 and CG722 isolates) and one of Arthrobotrys cladodes (CG719) on infective larvae (L3) of L. douglassii under laboratory conditions, in 2% water-agar medium. The results showed that the fungi tested were effective in preying upon the L3 of L. douglassii (P < 0.05), compared with the control group. However, there was no difference in predatory capacity between the fungi tested (P > 0.05) during the seven days of experimental testing. In comparison with the control, without fungus, there were significant decreases (P < 0.05) of 85.2% (AC001), 81.2% (CG722) and 89.2% (CG719) in the average numbers of L3 of L. douglassii recovered from treatments with the isolates tested. In the present study, the three isolates of the predatory fungi D. flagrans (AC001 and CG722) andA. cladodes (CG719) were efficient at in vitro destruction of the L3 of L. douglassii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, Brasil; Universidade Vila Velha – UVV, Brasil
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Silva MED, Araújo JVD, Braga FR, Freitas Soares FED, Rodrigues DS. Control of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes in heifers using different isolates of nematophagous fungi. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2013; 22:78-83. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612013005000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of different nematophagous fungi [Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 and CG722) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34)] with regard to controlling infective larvae (L3) of nematodes after gastrointestinal transit in female cattle (3/4 Holstein × Zebu) was evaluated. A total of 24 pubescent female cattle were used, weighing approximately 320 kg each one. There were three treatment groups, each contained six animals that received 150 g of pellets (0.2 g of mycelium), orally in a single dose, in a sodium alginate matrix containing mycelial mass of the fungus D. flagrans (AC001 or CG722) or M. thaumasium (NF34); and one control group (without fungi). Fecal samples were collected from the animals at intervals of 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 48, and 72 hours. At the end of 17 days, the L3 not subjected to predation were recovered by means of the Baermann method. The fungal isolates tested were capable of destroying the L3 after gastrointestinal transit. It was observed that within 72 hours, the isolates AC001, CG722, and NF34 showed a higher predatory activity (81.2%, 97.3%, and 98.3%, respectively). The results justify the need for studies in the field, and over longer intervals, in order to observe the efficiency of the fungus D. flagrans, or even M. thaumasium, for environmental control over nematodes in naturally infected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoel Eduardo da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, Brasil; Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais – EPAMIG, Brasil
| | | | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, Brasil; Universidade Vila Velha – UVV, Brasil
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Braga FR, Araujo JM, Araújo JVD, Soares FEDF, Tavela ADO, Frassy LN, Lima WDS, Mozzer LR. In vitro predatory activity of conidia of fungal isolates of the Duddingtonia flagrans on Angiostrongylus vasorum first-stage larvae. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:108-10. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-86829612013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Araujo JM, Araújo JVD, Braga FR, Tavela ADO, Ferreira SR, Soares FEDF, Carvalho GR. Control of Strongyloides westeri by nematophagous fungi after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of donkeys. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2012; 21:157-60. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612012000200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Strongyloides westeri is the most prevalent nematode among equines aged up to four months and causes gastrointestinal disorders. The objective of this study was to observe the control of infective S. westeri larvae (L3) by the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34) after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of female donkeys. Twelve dewormed female donkeys that were kept in stables were used. Two treatment groups each comprising four animals received orally 100 g of pellets made of sodium alginate matrix containing a mycelial mass of either D. flagrans (AC001) or M. thaumasium (NF34). The control group consisted of four animals that received pellets without fungus. Feces samples were then collected from the animal groups at different times (after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours). These feces were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar medium and 1000 L3 of S. westeri. AC001 and NF34 isolates showed the ability to destroy the L3, after gastrointestinal transit, thus demonstrating their viability and predatory activity.
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Braga FR, Araujo JM, Tavela ADO, Araújo JVD, Soares FEDF, Geniêr HLA, Lima WDS, Mozzer LR, Queiroz JHD. Atividade larvicida do extrato bruto enzimático do fungo Duddingtonia flagras sobre larvas de primeiro estádio de Angiostrongylus vasorum. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44:383-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011000300024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: Angiostrongylus vasorum é um nematóide que parasita cães domésticos e eventualmente o homem. MÉTODOS: O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar a atividade predatória in vitro do extrato bruto enzimático do fungo Duddingtonia flagrans sobre larvas de primeiro estádio A. vasorum em condições laboratoriais no meio ágar-água 2%. RESULTADOS: Ao final do experimento, os percentuais de redução das L1 de A. vasorum observados foram de: 53,5% (24h) e 71,3% (48h) CONCLUSÕES: O extrato bruto enzimático do fungo D. flagrans destruiu in vitro as L1, podendo ser utilizado como controle biológico desse nematóide.
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Braga FR, Araujo JM, Silva ARE, Araújo JVD, Carvalho RO, Soares FEDF, Queiroz JHD, Gênier HLA. Ação ovicida do extrato bruto enzimático do fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia sobre ovos de Ancylostoma sp. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44:116-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011000100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: Ancylostoma sp é um geo-helminto potencialmente zoonótico. MÉTODOS: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a ação do extrato bruto enzimático de Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) sobre ovos de Ancylostoma sp, em meio ágar-água 2% e em cultura de fezes. RESULTADOS: Observou-se um percentual de redução na eclosão dos ovos de Ancylostoma sp, de 76,8% na placas de Petri do grupo tratado em relação ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: O extrato bruto enzimático de Pochonia chlamydosporia foi eficiente na redução da eclosão dos ovos de Ancylostoma sp, podendo ser utilizado como controlador biológico desse nematoide.
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