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Ahmad M, Krüger BT, Kroll T, Vettorazzi S, Dorn AK, Mengele F, Lee S, Nandi S, Yilmaz D, Stolz M, Tangudu NK, Vázquez DC, Pachmayr J, Cirstea IC, Spasic MV, Ploubidou A, Ignatius A, Tuckermann J. Inhibition of Cdk5 increases osteoblast differentiation and bone mass and improves fracture healing. Bone Res 2022; 10:33. [PMID: 35383146 PMCID: PMC8983726 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of regulators of osteoblastogenesis that can be pharmacologically targeted is a major goal in combating osteoporosis, a common disease of the elderly population. Here, unbiased kinome RNAi screening in primary murine osteoblasts identified cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) as a suppressor of osteoblast differentiation in both murine and human preosteoblastic cells. Cdk5 knockdown by siRNA, genetic deletion using the Cre-loxP system, or inhibition with the small molecule roscovitine enhanced osteoblastogenesis in vitro. Roscovitine treatment significantly enhanced bone mass by increasing osteoblastogenesis and improved fracture healing in mice. Mechanistically, downregulation of Cdk5 expression increased Erk phosphorylation, resulting in enhanced osteoblast-specific gene expression. Notably, simultaneous Cdk5 and Erk depletion abrogated the osteoblastogenesis conferred by Cdk5 depletion alone, suggesting that Cdk5 regulates osteoblast differentiation through MAPK pathway modulation. We conclude that Cdk5 is a potential therapeutic target to treat osteoporosis and improve fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thilo Krüger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Torsten Kroll
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Dorn
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Mengele
- Praxisklinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Neurochirurgie Prof. Bischoff/Dr. Spies/Dr. Mengele, 89231, Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sayantan Nandi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dilay Yilmaz
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Stolz
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Naveen Kumar Tangudu
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Center Avenue, 15232, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Carro Vázquez
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,TAmiRNA GmbH, Leberstrasse 20, 1110, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Pachmayr
- Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniverstät, Institute of Pharmacy, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ion Cristian Cirstea
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maja Vujic Spasic
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aspasia Ploubidou
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany. .,Department of Endocrinology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany.
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Ahmad M, Hachemi Y, Paxian K, Mengele F, Koenen M, Tuckermann J. A Jack of All Trades: Impact of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Cross-Talk in Osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2460. [PMID: 31681333 PMCID: PMC6811614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to have a strong impact on the immune system, metabolism, and bone homeostasis. While these functions have been long investigated separately in immunology, metabolism, or bone biology, the understanding of how GCs regulate the cellular cross-talk between innate immune cells, mesenchymal cells, and other stromal cells has been garnering attention rather recently. Here we review the recent findings of GC action in osteoporosis, inflammatory bone diseases (rheumatoid and osteoarthritis), and bone regeneration during fracture healing. We focus on studies of pre-clinical animal models that enable dissecting the role of GC actions in innate immune cells, stromal cells, and bone cells using conditional and function-selective mutant mice of the GC receptor (GR), or mice with impaired GC signaling. Importantly, GCs do not only directly affect cellular functions, but also influence the cross-talk between mesenchymal and immune cells, contributing to both beneficial and adverse effects of GCs. Given the importance of endogenous GCs as stress hormones and the wide prescription of pharmaceutical GCs, an improved understanding of GC action is decisive for tackling inflammatory bone diseases, osteoporosis, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yasmine Hachemi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin Paxian
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Mengele
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Praxisklinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Neurochirurgie Prof. Bischoff/ Dr. Spies/ Dr. Mengele, Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Mascha Koenen
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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