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Protopapa F, Kulashekhar S, Hayashi MJ, Kanai R, Bueti D. Effective connectivity in a duration selective cortico-cerebellar network. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20674. [PMID: 38001253 PMCID: PMC10673930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
How the human brain represents millisecond unit of time is far from clear. A recent neuroimaging study revealed the existence in the human premotor cortex of a topographic representation of time i.e., neuronal units selectively responsive to specific durations and topographically organized on the cortical surface. By using high resolution functional Magnetic Resonance Images here, we go beyond this previous work, showing duration preferences across a wide network of cortical and subcortical brain areas: from cerebellum to primary visual, parietal, premotor and prefrontal cortices. Most importantly, we identify the effective connectivity structure between these different brain areas and their duration selective neural units. The results highlight the role of the cerebellum as the network hub and that of medial premotor cortex as the final stage of duration recognition. Interestingly, when a specific duration is presented, only the communication strength between the units selective to that specific duration and to the neighboring durations is affected. These findings link for the first time, duration preferences within single brain region with connectivity dynamics between regions, suggesting a communication mode that is partially duration specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masamichi J Hayashi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Araya, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Domenica Bueti
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.
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Protopapa F, Hayashi MJ, Kulashekhar S, van der Zwaag W, Battistella G, Murray MM, Kanai R, Bueti D. Chronotopic maps in human supplementary motor area. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000026. [PMID: 30897088 PMCID: PMC6428248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Time is a fundamental dimension of everyday experiences. We can unmistakably sense its passage and adjust our behavior accordingly. Despite its ubiquity, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the capacity to perceive time remains unclear. Here, in two experiments using ultrahigh-field 7-Tesla (7T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we show that in the medial premotor cortex (supplementary motor area [SMA]) of the human brain, neural units tuned to different durations are orderly mapped in contiguous portions of the cortical surface so as to form chronomaps. The response of each portion in a chronomap is enhanced by neighboring durations and suppressed by nonpreferred durations represented in distant portions of the map. These findings suggest duration-sensitive tuning as a possible neural mechanism underlying the recognition of time and demonstrate, for the first time, that the representation of an abstract feature such as time can be instantiated by a topographical arrangement of duration-sensitive neural populations. Sensing the passage of time is a common experience of our everyday life activity. Even without a watch, we can, for example, tell whether the bus we are waiting for is late. The neuronal mechanism that enables us to sense the passage of time is largely unknown. Here, we asked healthy human volunteers to discriminate between visual events of varying durations while we measured brain activity via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results show that distinct portions of the supplementary motor area (SMA)—a region of the cerebral cortex important for both motor preparation and time perception—respond preferentially to different durations. The portions of the SMA responding to similar durations are in close spatial proximity on the cortex, and their response is greater for preferred and neighboring durations and suppressed for distant ones. The spatial arrangement of duration-selective portions of the SMA could be the mechanism that enables us to efficiently sense that a certain duration has elapsed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masamichi J. Hayashi
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wietske van der Zwaag
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Spinozisme Centre for Neuroimaging, Royal Academy for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Battistella
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Micah M. Murray
- The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Department of Radiology and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- The EEG Brain Mapping Core, Centre for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
- The Ophthalmology Service, Fondation Asile des Aveugles and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Araya, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Domenica Bueti
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Protopapa F, Hayashi M, van der Zwaag W, Battistella G, Murray M, Kanai R, Bueti D. Chronotopic maps in human premotor cortex. J Vis 2018. [DOI: 10.1167/18.10.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giovanni Battistella
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV) University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Micah Murray
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Nashville, USA.University of Lausanne, Division of Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Araya, Inc., Tokyo, JapanSackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Domenica Bueti
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
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Protopapa F, Siettos CI, Myatchin I, Lagae L. Children with well controlled epilepsy possess different spatio-temporal patterns of causal network connectivity during a visual working memory task. Cogn Neurodyn 2016; 10:99-111. [PMID: 27066148 PMCID: PMC4805687 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-015-9373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using spectral Granger causality (GC) we identified distinct spatio-temporal causal connectivity (CC) patterns in groups of control and epileptic children during the execution of a one-back matching visual discrimination working memory task. Differences between control and epileptic groups were determined for both GO and NOGO conditions. The analysis was performed on a set of 19-channel EEG cortical activity signals. We show that for the GO task, the highest brain activity in terms of the density of the CC networks is observed in α band for the control group while for the epileptic group the CC network seems disrupted as reflected by the small number of connections. For the NOGO task, the denser CC network was observed in θ band for the control group while widespread differences between the control and the epileptic group were located bilaterally at the left temporal-midline and parietal areas. In order to test the discriminative power of our analysis, we performed a pattern analysis approach based on fuzzy classification techniques. The performance of the classification scheme was evaluated using permutation tests. The analysis demonstrated that, on average, 87.6 % of the subjects were correctly classified in control and epileptic. Thus, our findings may provide a helpful insight on the mechanisms pertaining to the cognitive response of children with well controlled epilepsy and could potentially serve as "functional" biomarkers for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Protopapa
- />School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos I. Siettos
- />School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ivan Myatchin
- />Department of Woman and Child, Section Paediatric Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Lieven Lagae
- />Department of Woman and Child, Section Paediatric Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
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Protopapa F, Siettos CI, Evdokimidis I, Smyrnis N. Granger causality analysis reveals distinct spatio-temporal connectivity patterns in motor and perceptual visuo-spatial working memory. Front Comput Neurosci 2014; 8:146. [PMID: 25431557 PMCID: PMC4230052 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2014.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We employed spectral Granger causality analysis on a full set of 56 electroencephalographic recordings acquired during the execution of either a 2D movement pointing or a perceptual (yes/no) change detection task with memory and non-memory conditions. On the basis of network characteristics across frequency bands, we provide evidence for the full dissociation of the corresponding cognitive processes. Movement-memory trial types exhibited higher degree nodes during the first 2 s of the delay period, mainly at central, left frontal and right-parietal areas. Change detection-memory trial types resulted in a three-peak temporal pattern of the total degree with higher degree nodes emerging mainly at central, right frontal, and occipital areas. Functional connectivity networks resulting from non-memory trial types were characterized by more sparse structures for both tasks. The movement-memory trial types encompassed an apparent coarse flow from frontal to parietal areas while the opposite flow from occipital, parietal to central and frontal areas was evident for the change detection-memory trial types. The differences among tasks and conditions were more profound in α (8–12 Hz) and β (12–30 Hz) and less in γ (30–45 Hz) band. Our results favor the hypothesis which considers spatial working memory as a by-product of specific mental processes that engages common brain areas under different network organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Protopapa
- School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos I Siettos
- School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Evdokimidis
- Neurology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health Research Institute Athens, Greece ; Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital Athens, Greece
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Smyrnis N, Protopapa F, Tsoukas E, Balogh A, Siettos CI, Evdokimidis I. Amplitude spectrum EEG signal evidence for the dissociation of motor and perceptual spatial working memory in the human brain. Exp Brain Res 2013; 232:659-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Protopapa F, Mylonas D, Spiliotis K, Siettos C, Smyrnis N, Evdokimidis I. Dynamic analysis of EEG signals during spatial working memory used for either perception discrimination or planning of action. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2011; 2011:5896-5899. [PMID: 22255681 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We analysed multi-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings during a spatial Working Memory (WM) task in order to test the hypothesis that segmentation of perception and action is present when the visual stimulus has been stored in spatial WM. To detect the interactions between different regions of the brain depending on the task we employed both Short Time Fourier Transformation (STFT) and the concept of Granger Causality (GC). Our computational analysis supports evidence that the Parietal Cortex (PC) is involved in WM processing.
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Calzá L, Giardino L, Battistini N, Zanni M, Galetti S, Protopapa F, Velardo A. Increase of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus of fasting rats. Neurosci Lett 1989; 104:99-104. [PMID: 2682395 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus (PVH) of the hypothalamus is a key region for the control of food intake. It presents a very high neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like positive innervation. In this paper we have studied the modifications of NPY-positive innervation in the PVH of 72 h starved rats vs control rats by means of semiquantitative immunocytochemistry. We observed a significant increase of NPY-like immunoreactivity in fasting rats. This result suggests a physiological role of NPY in the food intake regulation at the PVH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Calzá
- Institute of Human Physiology, Cagliari, Italy
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