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Nguyen-Dang T, Bao AST, Kaiyasuan C, Li K, Chae S, Yi A, Joy S, Harrison K, Kim JY, Pallini F, Beverina L, Graham KR, Nuckolls C, Nguyen TQ. Air-stable Perylene Diimide Trimer Material for n-type Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Adv Mater 2024:e2312254. [PMID: 38521992 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
We report a new method to make air-stable n-type organic mixed ionic-electronic conductor (OMIEC) films for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) using a solution-processable small molecule helical perylene diimide trimer, hPDI[3]-C11. Alkyl side chains were attached to the conjugated core for processability and film making, which were then cleaved via thermal annealing. After the sidechains were removed, the hPDI[3] film becomes less hydrophobic, more ordered, and has a deeper lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). These features provide improved ionic transport, greater electronic mobility, and increased stability in air and in aqueous solution. Subsequently, we use hPDI[3]-H as the active material in OECTs and demonstrate a device with a transconductance of 44 mS, volumetric capacitance of ∼250 F/cm3, µC* value of 1 F/cmVs, and excellent stability (> 5 weeks). As proof of their practical applications, we utilize a hPDI[3]-H-based OECTs as a glucose sensor and electrochemical inverter. The approach of side chain removal after film formation charts a path to a wide range of molecular semiconductors to be used as stable, mixed ionic-electronic conductors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Nguyen-Dang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA-93117, USA
- Center for Environmental Intelligence, College of Engineering and Computer Science (CECS), VinUniversity, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ally Si Tong Bao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Columbia, New York, NY-10027, USA
| | - Chokchai Kaiyasuan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA-93117, USA
| | - Kunyu Li
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA-93117, USA
| | - Sangmin Chae
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA-93117, USA
| | - Ahra Yi
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA-93117, USA
| | - Syed Joy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Kelsey Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Columbia, New York, NY-10027, USA
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA-93117, USA
| | - Francesca Pallini
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA-93117, USA
- Department of Materials Science, State University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, I-20126, Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science, State University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, I-20126, Italy
| | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, University of Columbia, New York, NY-10027, USA
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA-93117, USA
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R. Hinojosa D, J. Pataki N, Rossi P, Erhardt A, Guchait S, Pallini F, McNeill C, Müller C, Caironi M, Sommer M. Solubilizing Benzodifuranone-Based Conjugated Copolymers with Single-Oxygen-Containing Branched Side Chains. ACS Appl Polym Mater 2024; 6:457-465. [PMID: 38230364 PMCID: PMC10788869 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Single-oxygen-containing branched side chains are designed and used to solubilize n-type copolymers consisting of BDF (benzodifuranone), isatin, and thiophene-based units. We present a simple synthetic approach to side chains with varying linker distances between the backbone and the branching point. The synthetic pathway is straightforward and modular and starts with commercially available reagents. The side chains give rise to excellent solubilities of BDF-thiophene copolymers of up to 90 mg/mL, while still being moderate in size (26-34 atoms large). The excellent solubility furthermore allows high molar mass materials. BDF-thiophene copolymers are characterized in terms of optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties. The electrical conductivity of chemically doped polymers is found to scale with molar mass, reaching ∼1 S/cm for the highest molar mass and longest backbone-branching point distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R. Hinojosa
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
- Forschungszentrum
MAIN, TU Chemnitz, Rosenbergstraße 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Nathan J. Pataki
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133Milano ,Italy
| | - Pietro Rossi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133Milano ,Italy
| | - Andreas Erhardt
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shubhradip Guchait
- Institute
Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Francesca Pallini
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, via
Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher McNeill
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christian Müller
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers
University of Technology Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
- Forschungszentrum
MAIN, TU Chemnitz, Rosenbergstraße 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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Mecca S, Pallini F, Pinchetti V, Erroi A, Fappani A, Rossi F, Mattiello S, Vanacore GM, Brovelli S, Beverina L. Multigram-Scale Synthesis of Luminescent Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanobricks for Plastic Scintillators. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2023; 6:9436-9443. [PMID: 37325014 PMCID: PMC10262149 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals of general formula CsPbX3 are having tremendous impact on a vast array of technologies requiring strong and tunable luminescence across the visible range and solutions processing. The development of plastic scintillators is just one of the many relevant applications. The syntheses are relatively simple but generally unsuitable to produce a large amount of material of reproducible quality required when moving from proof-of-concept scale to industrial applications. Wastes, particularly large amounts of lead-contaminated toxic and flammable organic solvents, are also an open issue. We describe a simple and reproducible procedure enabling the synthesis of luminescent CsPbX3 nanobricks of constant quality on a scale going from 0.12 to 8 g in a single batch. We also show complete recycling of the reaction wastes, leading to dramatically improved efficiency and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mecca
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pallini
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Pinchetti
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Erroi
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Fappani
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- IMEM-CNR
Institute, Parco Area
delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria Vanacore
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20126 Milan, Italy
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Pecorario S, Royakkers J, Scaccabarozzi AD, Pallini F, Beverina L, Bronstein H, Caironi M. Effects of Molecular Encapsulation on the Photophysical and Charge Transport Properties of a Naphthalene Diimide Bithiophene Copolymer. Chem Mater 2022; 34:8324-8335. [PMID: 36186667 PMCID: PMC9520976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the molecular structure of conjugated polymers is key to advancing the field of organic electronics. In this work, we synthesized a molecularly encapsulated version of the naphthalene diimide bithiophene copolymer PNDIT2, which is among the most popular high charge mobility organic semiconductors in n-type field-effect transistors and non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaic blends. The encapsulating macrocycles shield the bithiophene units while leaving the naphthalene diimide units available for intermolecular interactions. With respect to PNDIT2, the encapsulated counterpart displays an increased backbone planarity. Molecular encapsulation prevents preaggregation of the polymer chains in common organic solvents, while it permits π-stacking in the solid state and promotes thin film crystallinity through an intermolecular-lock mechanism. Consequently, n-type semiconducting behavior is retained in field-effect transistors, although charge mobility is lower than in PNDIT2 due to the absence of the fibrillar microstructure that originates from preaggregation in solution. Hence, molecularly encapsulating conjugated polymers represent a promising chemical strategy to tune the molecular interaction in solution and the backbone conformation and to consequently control the nanomorphology of casted films without altering the electronic structure of the core polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pecorario
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, Milan 20133, Italy
- Department
of Energy, Micro and Nanostructured Materials Laboratory—NanoLab, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/3, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Jeroen Royakkers
- Sensor
Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Francesca Pallini
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, Milan 20133, Italy
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Ceriani C, Pallini F, Mezzomo L, Sassi M, Mattiello S, Beverina L. Micellar catalysis beyond the hydrophobic effect: Efficient palladium catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of water and organic solvent insoluble pigments with food grade surfactants. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pallini F, Sangalli E, Sassi M, Roth PMC, Mattiello S, Beverina L. Selective photoredox direct arylations of aryl bromides in water in a microfluidic reactor. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3016-3023. [PMID: 33885555 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00050k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Carrying out photoredox direct arylation couplings between aryl halides and aryls in aqueous solutions of surfactants enables unprecedented selectivity with respect to the competing dehalogenation process, thanks to the partition coefficient of the selected sacrificial base. The use of a microfluidic reactor dramatically improves the reaction time, without eroding the yields and selectivity. The design of a metal free sensitizer, which also acts as the surfactant, sizeably improves the overall sustainability of arylation reactions and obviates the need for troublesome purification from traces of metal catalysts. The generality of the method is investigated over a range of halides carrying a selection of electron withdrawing and electron donating substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pallini
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Materials Science, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milan, Italy
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Moroni F, Masotti L, Vannucchi V, Chiarelli R, Seravalle C, Pesci A, Pallini F, Puliti S, Cimolato B, Fattorini L, Scerra C, Ristori F, Imbalzano ML, Spolveri S, Landini G, Grifoni E, Paciaroni M. Confidence in the Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Acute Phase of Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation-Related Ischemic Stroke Over the Years: A Real-World Single-Center Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 27:76-82. [PMID: 28918086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD AND AIM The use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF)-related acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is controversial. The aims of our study were to analyze physicians' confidence in prescribing DOACs in NVAF-related AIS, the characteristics of patients receiving DOACs, and their 90-day prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical records of consecutive patients admitted to our wards for NVAF-related AIS over the years 2014-2016 were reviewed. RESULTS One hundred forty-seven patients, 72.7% females, mean age ± standard deviation 83.4 ± 8.8 years, were admitted to our ward for atrial fibrillation (AF)-related AIS (38 in 2014, 47 in 2015, 62 in 2016). Of these patients, 141 had NVAF-related AIS. Median length of hospital stay was 8 days (interquartile range [IQR], 6-11). In-hospital mortality was 10.8%. Ninety-eight patients (69.5%) received DOACs for secondary prevention, with increasing percentages from 2014 (62.5%) to 2016 (88%). In 88% of them, DOACs were started during hospital stay, whereas in 12% DOACs were started during ambulatory follow-up. The median time for starting DOACs was 5 days (IQR, 3-8). In patients receiving DOACs, the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 6 (IQR, 3-12), and large ischemic lesions were present in 48%; the median modified Rankin Scale score at hospital discharge was 3 (IQR, 1-4), whereas the score at 90 days was 2 (IQR, 1-3). At the 90-day follow-up, in patients receiving DOACs, overall mortality was 3.0%, stroke recurrence was 1%, and no patients had major intracranial or extracranial bleedings. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that physicians are becoming increasingly confident in the use of DOACs in NVAF-related AIS. The use of DOACs seems effective and safe even when started in the acute phase of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Moroni
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Masotti
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy; Internal Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy.
| | - Vieri Vannucchi
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaella Chiarelli
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristiana Seravalle
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pesci
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Pallini
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Puliti
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Cimolato
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lamberto Fattorini
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cornelia Scerra
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Ristori
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Imbalzano
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Landini
- Internal Medicine and Center of Thromboembolic Diseases, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Grifoni
- Internal Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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Jusczyk M, Pallini F, Schileo E, Taddei F, Cristofolini L. Improvement of experimental-numerical cross-validation in studies of the proximal femur. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)84931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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