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Lovero D, D’Oronzo S, Palmirotta R, Cafforio P, Brown J, Wood S, Porta C, Lauricella E, Coleman R, Silvestris F. Correlation between targeted RNAseq signature of breast cancer CTCs and onset of bone-only metastases. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:419-429. [PMID: 34272498 PMCID: PMC8810805 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is the most frequent site of metastases from breast cancer (BC), but no biomarkers are yet available to predict skeletal dissemination. METHODS We attempted to identify a gene signature correlated with bone metastasis (BM) onset in circulating tumour cells (CTCs), isolated by a DEPArray-based protocol from 40 metastatic BC patients and grouped according to metastasis sites, namely "BM" (bone-only), "ES" (extra-skeletal) or BM + ES (bone + extra-skeletal). RESULTS A 134-gene panel was first validated through targeted RNA sequencing (RNAseq) on sub-clones of the MDA-MB-231 BC cell line with variable organotropism, which successfully shaped their clustering. The panel was then applied to CTC groups and, in particular, the "BM" vs "ES" CTC comparison revealed 31 differentially expressed genes, including MAF, CAPG, GIPC1 and IL1B, playing key prognostic roles in BC. CONCLUSION Such evidence confirms that CTCs are suitable biological sources for organotropism investigation through targeted RNAseq and might deserve future applications in wide-scale prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Lovero
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology—Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Stella D’Oronzo
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology—Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology—Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Cafforio
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology—Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Janet Brown
- grid.417079.c0000 0004 0391 9207Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven Wood
- grid.417079.c0000 0004 0391 9207Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Camillo Porta
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology—Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lauricella
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology—Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Robert Coleman
- grid.417079.c0000 0004 0391 9207Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Franco Silvestris
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology—Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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D'oronzo S, Lovero D, Palmirotta R, Cafforio P, Brown J, Wood S, Porta C, Silvestris F. Targeted RNA-seq signature of breast cancer (BC) circulating tumor cells (CTCs) correlates with the onset of bone-only metastases. Bone Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Cives M, Pellè E, Rinzivillo M, Prosperi D, Tucci M, Silvestris F, Panzuto F. Bone Metastases in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Molecular Pathogenesis and Implications in Clinical Practice. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:207-216. [PMID: 32403104 DOI: 10.1159/000508633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal colonization is often regarded as a rare event in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) although both national registries and retrospective series report an incidence of bone metastases as high as 20% in subjects with advanced disease. While the biological mechanisms leading to bone metastatic colonization in NETs have been poorly investigated so far, key steps of osteotropic mechanisms, including the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, preparation of the premetastatic niche, migration of circulating tumor cells towards the bone marrow as well as the resulting alterations of the skeletal metabolism, are likely to operate also during the development of NET bone metastases. The skeleton involvement by NETs has a detrimental impact on both quality of life and patients' prognosis, leading to pain in the majority of symptomatic subjects. While it is currently unclear whether or not the earlier recognition of bone involvement by PET/CT imaging techniques employing 68Ga-DOTA-conjugated peptides might improve outcomes through the exploitation of timely treatments, the management of bone-colonizing NETs is today based only on clinical experience from other osteotropic tumors. Here, we summarize the fundamental molecular mechanisms driving bone colonization and revisit both established and novel treatments for patients with bone metastatic NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy,
| | - Eleonora Pellè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Rinzivillo
- Digestive Disease Unit, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Prosperi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Panzuto
- Digestive Disease Unit, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Rome, Italy
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Gentile M, Centonza A, Lovero D, Palmirotta R, Porta C, Silvestris F, D'Oronzo S. Application of "omics" sciences to the prediction of bone metastases from breast cancer: State of the art. J Bone Oncol 2020; 26:100337. [PMID: 33240786 PMCID: PMC7672315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the first cause of cancer-related death in women. Most patients with advanced BC develop bone metastases (BM). Omics technologies have been applied to identify putative BM “predicting” biomarkers. Prospective studies are needed before any clinical application of such biomarkers.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignancy and the first cause of cancer-related death in women. The majority of patients with advanced BC develop skeletal metastases which may ultimately lead to serious complications, termed skeletal-related events, that often dramatically impact on quality of life and survival. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers able to stratify BC patient risk to develop bone metastases (BM) is fundamental to define personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, possibly at the earliest stages of the disease. In this regard, the advent of “omics” sciences boosted the investigation of several putative biomarkers of BC osteotropism, including deregulated genes, proteins and microRNAs. The present review revisits the current knowledge on BM development in BC and the most recent studies exploring potential BM-predicting biomarkers, based on the application of omics sciences to the study of primary breast malignancies.
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Key Words
- ADAMTS1, a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BALP (BSAP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
- BC, breast cancer
- BM, bone metastases
- BOLCs, breast osteoblast-like cells
- BTM, bone turnover markers
- Biomarkers
- Bone metastases
- Breast cancer
- CAPG, capping-protein
- CCN3, cellular communication network factor 3
- CDH11, cadherin-11
- CNV, copy number variation
- CTGF, connective tissue-derived growth factor
- CTSK, cathepsin K
- CTX, C-telopeptide
- CXCL, C-X-C-ligand
- CXCR, C–X–C motif chemokine receptor
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DOCK4, dedicator of cytokinesis protein 4
- DPD, deoxypyridoline
- DTC, disseminated tumour cells
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ERRα, estrogen-related receptor alpha
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FST, follistatin
- GIPC1, PDZ domain-containing protein member 1
- HR, hazard ratio
- Her, human epidermal growth factor
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IGF, insulin-like growth factor
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IL, interleukin
- LC/MS/MS, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry
- MAF, v-maf avian muscolo aponeurotic fibro-sarcoma oncogene homolog
- MDA-MB, MD Anderson metastatic BC
- MMP1, matrix metalloproteinase-1
- NTX, N-telopeptide
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- Omics sciences
- Osteotropism
- P1CP, pro-collagen type I C-terminal
- P1NP, pro-collagen type I N-terminal
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PRG1, proteoglycan-1
- PTH-rP, parathyroid hormone-related protein
- PYD, pyridoline
- PgR, progesterone receptor
- PlGF, placental growth factor
- RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor к-B
- RT-PCR, real time-PCR
- SILAC-MS, stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture-mass spectrometry
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- SPP1, osteopontin
- SREs, skeletal-related events
- TCGA, the cancer genome atlas
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TRACP-5b, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-5b
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ZNF217, zinc-finger protein 217
- miRNAs, microRNAs
- ncRNAs, noncoding RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Gentile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Centonza
- "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Onco-hematologic Department, Medical Oncology Unit, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stella D'Oronzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Internò V, Tucci M, Pezzicoli G, Silvestris F, Porta C, Mannavola F. Liquid Biopsy as a Tool Exploring in Real-Time Both Genomic Perturbation and Resistance to EGFR Antagonists in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:581130. [PMID: 33102237 PMCID: PMC7546030 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has improved since the introduction of the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors as cetuximab and panitumumab. However, only patients with peculiar genomic profiles benefit from these targeting therapies. In fact, the molecular integrity of RAS genes is a predominant factor conditioning both primary and acquired resistance in non-responders although additional molecular derangements induced by selective anti-EGFR pressure may concur to the failure of those disease treatment, liquid biopsy (LB) appears as a surrogate of tissue biopsy, provides the genomic information to reveal tumor resistance to anti-EGFR agents, the detection of minimal residual disease before adjuvant therapies, and the discovery of tumor molecular status suitable for rechallenging treatments with EGFR antagonists. LB investigates circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA), and tumor-derived exosomes. In mCRC, ctDNA analysis has been demonstrated as a useful method in the mutational tracking of defined genes as well as on tumor burden and detection of molecular alterations driving the resistance to anti-EGFR targeting treatments. However, despite their efficiency in molecular diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of mCRC, the affordability of these procedures is prevalently restricted to research centers, and the lack of consensus validation prevents their translation to clinical practice. Here, we revisit the major mechanisms responsible for resistance to EGFR blockade and review the different methods of LB potentially useful for treatment options in mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Internò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori Bari "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pezzicoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Mannavola F, Mandala M, Todisco A, Sileni VC, Palla M, Minisini AM, Pala L, Morgese F, Di Guardo L, Stucci LS, Guida M, Indini A, Quaglino P, Ferraresi V, Marconcini R, Tronconi MC, Rossi E, Nigro O, Occelli M, Cortellini A, Quadrini S, Palmieri G, Pigozzo J, Ascierto PA, Vitale MG, Strippoli S, Ferrucci PF, Berardi R, Randon G, Cardone P, Schinzari G, Silvestris F, Tucci M. An Italian Retrospective Survey on Bone Metastasis in Melanoma: Impact of Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy on Survival. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1652. [PMID: 33042809 PMCID: PMC7523509 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We performed a multicenter retrospective observational study to investigate the impact of clinical–pathological features and therapeutic strategies on both the complications and survival of patients with bone metastases (BMs) from malignant melanoma. Patients and Methods A total of 305 patients with melanoma and radiological evidence of BMs were retrospectively enrolled from 19 Italian centers. All patients received conventional treatments in accordance with each own treating physician’s practice. Both univariate and multivariate models were used to explore the impact of melanoma features, including skeletal-related events (SREs), and different treatments on both overall survival (OS) and time-to-SREs. The chi-squared test evaluated the suitability of several parameters to predict the occurrence of SREs. Results Eighty-three percent of patients had metachronous BMs. The prevalent (90%) bone metastatic site was the spine, while 45% had involvement of the appendicular skeleton. Forty-seven percent experienced at least one SRE, including palliative radiotherapy (RT) in 37% of cases. No melanoma-associated factor was predictive of the development of SREs, although patients receiving early treatment with bone-targeted agents showed 62% lower risk and delayed time of SRE occurrence. Median OS from the diagnosis of bone metastasis was 10.7 months. The multivariate analysis revealed as independent prognostic factors the number of BMs, number of metastatic organs, baseline lactate dehydrogenase levels, and treatment with targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Subgroup analyses showed the best OS (median = 16.5 months) in the subset of patients receiving both immunotherapy and palliative RT. Conclusion Based on our results, patients undergoing immunotherapy and palliative RT showed an OS benefit suggestive of a possible additive effect. The apparent protective role of bone targeting agent use on SREs observed in our analysis should deserve prospective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Mandala
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Todisco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vanna Chiarion Sileni
- Melanoma Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Palla
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Laura Pala
- Division of Melanoma, Sarcoma and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lorenza Di Guardo
- Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, National Institute of Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Guida
- IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy
| | - Alice Indini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Virginia Ferraresi
- First Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Marconcini
- Medical Oncology Department, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Tronconi
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Ernesto Rossi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Nigro
- Medical Oncology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - Marcella Occelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Santa Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Alessio Cortellini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Quadrini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Frosinone, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pigozzo
- Melanoma Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Vitale
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Pier Francesco Ferrucci
- Division of Melanoma, Sarcoma and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Oncology Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Randon
- Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, National Institute of Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cardone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Schinzari
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy
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Pezzicoli G, Tucci M, Lovero D, Silvestris F, Porta C, Mannavola F. Large Extracellular Vesicles-A New Frontier of Liquid Biopsy in Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186543. [PMID: 32906787 PMCID: PMC7555129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are emerging as pivotal elements in cancer. Many studies have focused on the role of Small- (S)-EVs but in recent years Large-(L)-EVs have progressively gained increasing interest due to their peculiar content and functions. Tumor-derived L-EVs carry a lot of oncogenic proteins, nucleic acids and lipids to recipient cells and are involved in the reshaping of the tumor microenvironment as well as in the metabolic rewiring and the promotion of the pro-metastatic attitude of cancer cells. Several techniques have been developed for the isolation of L-EVs and commercial kits are also available for efficient and easy recovery of these vesicles. Also, the improvement in DNA sequencing and “omics sciences” profoundly changed the way to analyze and explore the molecular content of L-EVs, thus providing novel and potentially useful cancer biomarkers. Herein, we review the most recent findings concerning the role of L-EVs in cancer and discuss their possible use in oncology as “liquid biopsy” tools as compared to the other classes of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Pezzicoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (M.T.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (M.T.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
- National Cancer Center, Tumori Institute Giovanni Paolo II, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (M.T.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (M.T.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (M.T.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (M.T.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Celio L, Cortinovis D, Cogoni A, Cavanna L, Martelli O, Carnio S, Collovà E, Bertolini F, Petrelli F, Cassano A, Chiari R, Zanelli F, Vittimberga I, Letizia A, Misino A, Silvestris F, Bonizzoni E, Pilotto S, De Placido S, Bria E. 1815MO Two simplified dexamethasone (DEX)-sparing regimens with NEPA for the prevention of emesis caused by cisplatin (DDP): A phase III, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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9
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Severino P, D'Amato A, Netti L, Pucci M, Mariani MV, Cimino S, Birtolo LI, Infusino F, De Orchi P, Palmirotta R, Lovero D, Silvestris F, Caputo V, Pizzuti A, Miraldi F, Maestrini V, Mancone M, Fedele F. Susceptibility to ischaemic heart disease: Focusing on genetic variants for ATP-sensitive potassium channel beyond traditional risk factors. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:1495-1500. [PMID: 33611546 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320926780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ischaemic heart disease is classically associated with coronary artery disease. Recent evidences showed the correlation between coronary microvascular dysfunction and ischaemic heart disease, even independently of coronary artery disease. Ion channels represent the final effectors of blood flow regulation mechanisms and their genetic variants, in particular of Kir6.2 subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP), are reported to be involved in ischaemic heart disease susceptibility. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of KATP channel and its genetic variants in patients with ischaemic heart disease and evaluate whether differences exist between coronary artery disease and coronary microvascular dysfunction. METHODS A total of 603 consecutive patients with indication for coronary angiography due to suspected myocardial ischaemia were enrolled. Patients were divided into three groups: coronary artery disease (G1), coronary microvascular dysfunction (G2) and normal coronary arteries (G3). Analysis of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs5215, rs5216, rs5218 and rs5219) of the KCNJ11 gene encoding for Kir6.2 subunit of the KATP channel was performed. RESULTS rs5215 A/A and G/A were significantly more represented in G1, while rs5215 G/G was significantly more represented in G3, rs5216 G/G and C/C were both more represented in G3, rs5218 C/C was more represented in G1 and rs5219 G/A was more represented in G1, while rs5219 G/G was significantly more represented in G2. At multivariate analysis, single nucleotide polymorphism rs5215_G/G seems to represent an ischaemic heart disease independent protective factor. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the potential role of KATP genetic variants in ischaemic heart disease susceptibility, as an independent protective factor. They may lead to a future perspective for gene therapy against ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Severino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea D'Amato
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Netti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Pucci
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco V Mariani
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cimino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia I Birtolo
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Infusino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo De Orchi
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Italy
| | - Viviana Caputo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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D'Oronzo S, Lovero D, Palmirotta R, Cafforio P, Brown J, Wood S, Cives M, Tucci M, Stucci L, Coleman R, Silvestris F. 30P In search of a bone metastasis (BM) gene signature in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from stage IV breast cancer (BC) patients. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Tucci M, D'Oronzo S, Mannavola F, Felici C, Lovero D, Cafforio P, Palmirotta R, Silvestris F. Dual-procedural separation of CTCs in cutaneous melanoma provides useful information for both molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920905415. [PMID: 32206092 PMCID: PMC7074504 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920905415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have recently emerged as a new dynamic soluble marker for several malignancies including cutaneous melanoma (CM) and are suitable for prognostic evaluations and treatment monitoring. However, to date many limitations still hamper the wide-scale application of CTCs in CM setting, including the lack of standardized methods as well as both low levels and heterogeneity of these cells. Methods: We developed a protocol for CTC detection in CM based on immune-magnetic sorting to deplete CD45-, CD31- or CD34-positive cells, followed by dielectrophoretic DEPArray separation according to cell morphology and immunophenotype. To this end, we explored the expression of melanoma stem cell antigens (CD271, ABCB5, and RANK) and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers (N-Cad, -CD44, and -MCAM/CD146) on CTCs from 17 stage IV CM patients, and investigated their BRAF mutational status by droplet digital PCR. Results: The number of CTCs isolated from CM patients ranged from 2 to 91 cells (38 ± 6.4) with respect to healthy donors (p < 0.0002). To confirm the melanoma origin of isolated cells, we observed an 80% agreement between their BRAFV600 mutational status and matched primary tumors. The characterization of the immune phenotype of isolated cells revealed high interindividual and intraindividual heterogeneity that was found to correlate with the clinical outcome. Conclusions: The dual-step protocol of immune-magnetic sorting and subsequent dielectrophoretic DEPArray separation, turned out to be a suitable method to isolate viable CTCs from stage IV melanoma patients and enabled quantitative and qualitative analyses on these cells, which may deserve prospective evaluation for potential use in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tucci
- DIMO, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Stella D'Oronzo
- DIMO, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' Italy
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- DIMO, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' Italy
| | - Claudia Felici
- DIMO, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- DIMO, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' Italy
| | - Paola Cafforio
- DIMO, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- DIMO, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- DIMO, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' Italy
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12
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De Pergola G, Martino T, Zupo R, Caccavo D, Pecorella C, Paradiso S, Silvestris F, Triggiani V. 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Levels are Negatively and Independently Associated with Fat Mass in a Cohort of Healthy Overweight and Obese Subjects. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:838-844. [PMID: 30666920 PMCID: PMC7360908 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190122094039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with lower serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels through several mechanisms. The aim of the study was to examine the possibility of a negative association between fat mass and 25(OH)D levels in a cohort of otherwise healthy overweight and obese subjects, independently of age, sex, blood pressure levels and anthropometric and metabolic parameters Materials and Methods 147 overweight and obese subjects (106 women and 41 men), aged between 18 and 69 years, were enrolled into the study. All of them did not show any clinically evident metabolic or chronic diseases (i.e. hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, etc.) and did not use any kind of drug. Serum fasting levels of 25(OH)D, insulin, glucose, uric acid and lipids (triglycerides, total, HDL and LDL cholesterol) were measured. The season in which the blood samples were collected was autumn. Insulin resistance was assessed by using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Body composition parameters (Fat Mass [FM], Fat Free Mass [FFM], body cell mass [BCM], Total Body Water [TBW]) were measured by electrical Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA). Lastly, demographic, anthropometric and clinical parameters (age, Body Mass Index [BMI], Waist Circumference [WC], Systolic (SBP) and Diastolic (DBP) blood pressure) were also assessed. Results 25(OH)D levels were significantly and negatively correlated with BMI (P <0.001), WC (P <0.01), DBP (P <0.05), insulin (P <0.001), HOMA-IR (P <0.01), triglycerides (P <0.01), and fat mass (P <0.001). A multivariate regression analysis was performed by considering 25(OH)D levels as the dependent variable and sex, waist circumference, fat mass, DBP, triglycerides, and insulin (or HOMA-IR) as the independent ones, and 25(OH)D levels maintained a significant and independent relationship only with fat mass (negative) (P <0.01). Conclusion This study clearly shows that 25(OH)D circulating levels are progressively lower with the increase of fat mass, independently of sex, body fat distribution, blood pressure and insulin and metabolic parameters. These data strongly show that adipose tissue accumulation per se is absolutely the main factor responsible factor for lower 25(OH)D levels in obese subjects, possibly through sequestration of fat soluble 25(OH)D in fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Martino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zupo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Caccavo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Pecorella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Paradiso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy
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13
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Mannavola F, D’Oronzo S, Cives M, Stucci LS, Ranieri G, Silvestris F, Tucci M. Extracellular Vesicles and Epigenetic Modifications Are Hallmarks of Melanoma Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E52. [PMID: 31861757 PMCID: PMC6981648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma shows a high metastatic potential based on its ability to overcome the immune system's control. The mechanisms activated for these functions vary extremely and are also represented by the production of a number of extracellular vesicles including exosomes. Other vesicles showing a potential role in the melanoma progression include oncosomes and melanosomes and the majority of them mediate tumor processes including angiogenesis, immune regulation, and modifications of the micro-environment. Moreover, a number of epigenetic modifications have been described in melanoma and abundant production of altered microRNAs (mi-RNAs), non-coding RNAs, histones, and abnormal DNA methylation have been associated with different phases of melanoma progression. In addition, exosomes, miRNAs, and other molecular factors have been used as potential biomarkers reflecting disease evolution while others have been suggested to be potential druggable molecules for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Stella D’Oronzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
- National Cancer Research Center, Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- National Cancer Research Center, Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
- National Cancer Research Center, Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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Cives M, Partelli S, Palmirotta R, Lovero D, Mandriani B, Quaresmini D, Pelle' E, Andreasi V, Castelli P, Strosberg J, Zamboni G, Falconi M, Silvestris F. DAXX mutations as potential genomic markers of malignant evolution in small nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18614. [PMID: 31819132 PMCID: PMC6901561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of localized well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNETs) is controversial and primarily dependent on tumor size. Upfront surgery is usually recommended for tumors larger than 2 cm in diameter since they frequently show metastatic potential, whereas smaller panNETs are generally characterized by an indolent clinical course, with a rate of relapse or metastasis below 15%. To explore whether increased tumor size is paralleled by genomic variations, we compared the rate and the mutational patterns of putative driver genes that are recurrently altered in these tumors by investigating differential cohorts of panNET surgical specimens smaller (n = 27) or larger than 2 cm (n = 29). We found that the cumulative number of mutations detected in panNETs >2 cm was significantly higher (p = 0.03) relative to smaller tumors, while mutations of DAXX were significantly more frequent in the cohort of larger tumors (p = 0.05). Moreover, mutations of DAXX were associated with features of malignancy including increased grade, nodal involvement and lymphovascular invasion, and independently predicted both relapse after surgery (p = 0.05) and reduced DFS in multivariable analysis (p = 0.02). Our data suggest that alterations of the DAXX/ATRX molecular machinery increase the malignant potential of panNETs, and that identification of mutations of DAXX/ATRX in small, nonfunctioning tumors can predict the malignant progression observed in a minority of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Mandriani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Quaresmini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pelle'
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Andreasi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Castelli
- Division of Pathology, Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Zamboni
- Division of Pathology, Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy.,Pathology Department, University Of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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15
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Todisco A, Internò V, Stucci LS, Ostuni C, Lovero D, D’Oronzo S, Mele F, Duda L, Palmirotta R, Silvestris F. Cutaneous metastasis as a primary presentation of a pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2019; 34:421-426. [DOI: 10.1177/1724600819877190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Primary pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare non-small cell lung cancer subtype sharing morphologic and immunohistochemical features with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Given the frequency of lung metastases in colorectal cancer, the differential diagnosis of PEAC according to routine morphological and immunohistochemical findings may be difficult. Genome sequence by next-generation sequencing has recently introduced new perspectives to better define the diagnosis and tumor sensitivity to treatments, while the rarity of this subtype of cancer still limits the current knowledge of its molecular features and provides no information to address patients to tailored therapies. Methods: We diagnosed a rare case of subcutaneous metastasis as a first symptom of a PEAC. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of the primary tumor and subcutaneous metastases were examined by immunohistochemistry, and subsequently by targeted next-generation sequencing analysis. Results: Morphological and immunohistochemical findings suggested a rare case of metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma with enteric aspects. Next-generation sequencing analysis performed on both the primary tumor sample and the cutaneous lesion identified two pathogenic variants on CDKN2A and KRAS in both of them. However, the metastasis showed two additional pathogenic mutations located in SMAD4 and FLT3 genes. Conclusions: We describe for the first time an extensive molecular analysis on a rare case of PEAC with an unusual cutaneous metastasis. Our observation suggests that a specific pattern of mutations is harbored in this neoplasm, and that additional molecular studies may provide further information to identify prognostic and hopefully predictive genes of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Todisco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro,’ Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Internò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro,’ Bari, Italy
| | - Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro,’ Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Ostuni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro,’ Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro,’ Bari, Italy
| | - Stella D’Oronzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro,’ Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Mele
- Pathology Department, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II,’ Bari, Italy
| | - Loren Duda
- Department of Emergency and Organs Transplant, Division of Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro,’ Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro,’ Bari, Italy
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Cives M, Pelle’ E, Quaresmini D, Mandriani B, Tucci M, Silvestris F. The Role of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy in Well-Differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic and Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2019; 20:72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-019-0669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Tucci M, Stucci LS, Mannavola F, Passarelli A, D'Oronzo S, Lospalluti L, Giudice G, Silvestris F. Defective levels of both circulating dendritic cells and T-regulatory cells correlate with risk of recurrence in cutaneous melanoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:845-854. [PMID: 30470990 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune markers in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients provide useful information for clinical management although there is poor consensus on circulating cells which could putatively reflect the disease activity and play a prognostic role. Here, we investigated both dendritic cells (DCs) and T-regulatory cells (Tregs). METHODS The number of DC subsets as myeloid (m) and plasmacytoid was measured by flowcytometry in 113 melanoma patients in different clinical stages and correlated with the disease activity to evaluate the recurrence free survival (RFS) calculated as difference between baseline and post-surgical values in relation to the criteria for the melanoma staging, as primary tumor removal, sentinel lymph node biopsy and completion of lymph node dissection. RESULTS Circulating mDC levels were significantly lower in metastatic melanoma than in other stages and inversely correlated to Treg values while both populations were similarly expressed in inactive disease at stage I-III. Furthermore, the levels of these cells after melanoma removal were apparently related to the disease activity since their persistent defect reflected high risk of recurrence and reduced the RFS. CONCLUSIONS This work highlighted the role of immune cell measurement for the management of melanoma activity and the identification of patients at potential risk of recurrence based on the mDC ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tucci
- Section of Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - L S Stucci
- Section of Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - F Mannavola
- Section of Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Passarelli
- Section of Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - S D'Oronzo
- Section of Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - L Lospalluti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - G Giudice
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - F Silvestris
- Section of Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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18
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Al-Toubah T, Partelli S, Cives M, Andreasi V, Silvestris F, Falconi M, Anaya DA, Strosberg J. Local treatment for focal progression in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:405-409. [PMID: 30668527 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
New systemic treatments have improved the therapeutic landscape for patients with metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). While drugs such as everolimus, sunitinib, temozolomide, and 177Lutetium-dotatate are appropriate for patients with widespread disease progression, local treatment approaches may be more appropriate for patients with unifocal progression. Surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), hepatic arterial embolization (HAE), or radiation, can control discrete sites of progression, allowing patients to continue their existing therapy, and sparing them toxicities of a new systemic treatment. We identified 69 patients with metastatic GEP-NETs who underwent a local treatment for focal progression in the setting of widespread metastases. 26% underwent resection, 27% RFA, 23% external beam radiation, and 23% selective HAE. With a median follow-up of 25 months, 42 (61%) patients subsequently progressed to the point of requiring additional intervention (12 locoregional, 30 systemic) for disease control. Median time to new systemic treatment was 32 months (95% CI, 16.5 - 47.5 months). Median time to any additional intervention was 19 months (95% CI, 8.7 - 25.3 months). Control of local sites of progression enabled the majority of patients to remain on their existing systemic treatment and avoid potential toxicities associated with salvage systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymeyah Al-Toubah
- Department of GI Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Milano, Italy
- Università, Vita e Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Andreasi
- Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Milano, Italy
- Università, Vita e Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel A Anaya
- Department of GI Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan Strosberg
- Department of GI Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Palmirotta R, Lovero D, Delacour H, Le Roy A, Cremades S, Silvestris F. Rare Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Variants and Toxicity by Floropyrimidines: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2019; 9:139. [PMID: 30915274 PMCID: PMC6421267 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in the activity, up to absolute deficiency, of the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), result in the occurrence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy, and have been included among the pharmacogenetic factors underlying inter-individual variability in response to fluoropyrimidines. The study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the DPYD gene, which encodes the DPD enzyme, is one of the main parameters capable of predicting reduced enzymatic activity and the consequent influence on fluoropyrimidine treatment, in terms of reduction of both adverse reactions and therapeutic efficacy in disease control. In this paper, we describe a patient with metastatic breast cancer showing signs of increased toxicity following capecitabine therapy. The DPD enzyme activity analysis revealed a partial deficiency. The study of the most frequent polymorphisms of the DPYD gene suggested a wild-type genotype but indicated a novel variant c.1903A>G (p.Asn635Asp), not previously described, proximal to the splice donor site of exon 14. After excluding the potential pathogenic feature of the newly-identified variant, we performed cDNA sequencing of the entire DPYD coding sequence. This analysis identified the variants c.85T>C and c.496A>G, which were previously described as pivotal components of the haplotype associated with decreased enzyme activity and suggested that both variant alleles are related to DPD deficiency. The clinical case findings described in this study emphasize the importance of performing complete genetic analysis of the DPYD gene in order to identify rare and low frequency variants potentially responsible for toxic reactions to fluoropyrimidine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Hervé Delacour
- Department of Biology, Military Training Hospital Begin, Saint Mandé, France.,Val-de-Grâce Military School, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Le Roy
- Department of Oncology, Military Training Hospital Begin, Saint Mandé, France
| | - Serge Cremades
- Val-de-Grâce Military School, Paris, France.,Department of Oncology, Military Training Hospital Begin, Saint Mandé, France
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
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20
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De Pergola G, Giagulli VA, Guastamacchia E, Bartolomeo N, Tatoli R, Lampignano L, Silvestris F, Triggiani V. Platelet number is positively and independently associated with glycated hemoglobin in non-diabetic overweight and obese subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:254-259. [PMID: 30738641 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A significant increase in platelet count may be a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the association between platelet number and glucose metabolism, evaluated by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, in a apparently healthy population represented by overweight and obese subjects with normal glucose and HbA1c levels. METHODS AND RESULTS As many as 240 subjects, 177 women and 63 men, aged 18-70 years, were enrolled. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, platelet count and fasting blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, HbA1c, uric acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were evaluated. Concerning the univariate correlation analyses between platelets number and all other variables, platelet count was significantly (and positively) correlated only with HbA1c (P < 0.05) and female sex (P < 0.01). HbA1c (P < 0.05), female sex (P < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01), positively, and age (P < 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05), negatively, were significantly and independently associated to platelet count in a final multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION This is the first study showing a strong positive and independent relationship between HbA1c and platelet number in non-diabetic overweight and obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De Pergola
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - V A Giagulli
- Outpatient Clinic for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, PTA "F.Jaia" Conversano, ASL, Bari, Italy; Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - E Guastamacchia
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - N Bartolomeo
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - R Tatoli
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - L Lampignano
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - F Silvestris
- Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - V Triggiani
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare, 70124, Bari, Italy
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21
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De Pergola G, Triggiani V, Bartolomeo N, Giagulli VA, Anelli M, Masiello M, Candita V, De Bellis D, Silvestris F. Low 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Levels are Independently Associated with Autoimmune Thyroiditis in a Cohort of Apparently Healthy Overweight and Obese Subjects. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 18:646-652. [PMID: 29623823 DOI: 10.2174/1871530318666180406163426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vitamin D levels have been associated with autoimmune disorders and, then, with the Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), the most common autoimmune disease. Obesity is characterized by lower vitamin D levels and higher risk to develop autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to examine the possibility of an association between AT and decreased 25(OH) vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in a cohort of otherwise healthy overweight and obese subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred sixty one overweight subjects (mean age: 40.9 + 15.6 years, 200 women and 61 men) were enrolled for this study. All of them did not show any clinically evident metabolic or chronic diseases (i.e. hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, etc.) and did not use any kind of drug. Serum fasting levels of 25(OH)D, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab) and antithyroglobulin (TG-Ab) antibodies, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), glucose, uric acid and lipids (triglycerides, total, HDL and LDL cholesterol) were measured. Demographic, anthropometric and clinical parameters (age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure) were also assessed. RESULTS Fifty five percent of all subjects (144/261) showed vitamin D deficiency (≤ 20 ng/ml), and 17% of all individuals had AT (45/261). The percentage of subjects having vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher among those with AT (31 of 45, 69%) than in those without AT (113 of 216, 52%) (χ2= 4.1, p = 0.042). TSH levels were significantly higher in subjects with AT as compared to those without AT (M-W = 7715.5, p < 0.0001). The final logistic model of a multivariate analysis, performed with AT as the dependent variable and sex, age, BMI category, 25(OH)D category, and HDLcholesterol and TSH levels as the independent ones, showed that patients with AT were more likely to have deficiency of 25(OH)D (p = 0.031) and higher TSH (p < 0.005) levels. Seventy six percent of patients with vitamin D deficiency (110 of 144) were obese whereas 59% of patients without vitamin D deficiency were obese (69 of 117) (p=0.003). Waist circumference was different between subjects with deficiency or normal 25 (OH) D levels (p=0.016). CONCLUSION This study clearly shows that vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated to AT in overweight and obese subjects and confirms that obesity is associated to lower vitamin D circulating levels. We suggest that screening for AT should be suggested in all obese subjects with vitamin D deficiency and that vitamin D deficiency should be researched in all obese subjects with AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Pergola
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Bartolomeo
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Outpatient Clinic for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Conversano Hospital, ASL Bari Via De Amicis, 70014 Conversano, Italy
| | - Michele Anelli
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Masiello
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Candita
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Dario De Bellis
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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22
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Rizzo FM, Vesely C, Childs A, Marafioti T, Khan MS, Mandair D, Cives M, Ensell L, Lowe H, Akarca AU, Luong T, Caplin M, Toumpanakis C, Krell D, Thirlwell C, Silvestris F, Hartley JA, Meyer T. Circulating tumour cells and their association with bone metastases in patients with neuroendocrine tumours. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:294-300. [PMID: 30636773 PMCID: PMC6353867 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone metastases are associated with a worse outcome in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Tumour overexpression of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) appears predictive of skeletal involvement. We investigated the role of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and CXCR4 expression on CTCs as potential predictors of skeleton invasion. Methods Blood from patients with metastatic bronchial, midgut or pancreatic NET (pNET) was analysed by CellSearch. CXCR4 immunohistochemistry was performed on matched formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Results Two hundred and fifty-four patients were recruited with 121 midgut and 119 pNETs, of which 51 and 36% had detectable CTCs, respectively. Bone metastases were reported in 30% of midgut and 23% of pNET patients and were significantly associated with CTC presence (p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001). In a subgroup of 40 patients, 85% patients with CTCs had CTCs positive for CXCR4 expression. The proportion of CXCR4-positive CTCs in patients with bone metastases was 56% compared to 35% in those without (p = 0.18) it. Staining for CXCR4 on matched FFPE tissue showed a trend towards a correlation with CXCR4 expression on CTCs (p = 0.08). Conclusions CTC presence is associated with bone metastases in NETs. CXCR4 may be involved in CTC osteotropism and present a therapeutic target to reduce skeletal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Rizzo
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare Vesely
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexa Childs
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mohid S Khan
- Wales Neuroendocrine Tumour Service, Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dalvinder Mandair
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Leah Ensell
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Lowe
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ayse U Akarca
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - TuVinh Luong
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Martyn Caplin
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christos Toumpanakis
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Krell
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christina Thirlwell
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - John A Hartley
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Meyer
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK. .,Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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23
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Silvestris F, D'Amore O, Cafforio P, Savino L, Dammacco F. Intravenous immune globulin therapy of lupus nephritis: use of pathogenic anti-DNA-reactive IgG. Clin Exp Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/cei.1996.104.s1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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24
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Cives M, Pelle' E, Quaresmini D, Rizzo FM, Tucci M, Silvestris F. The Tumor Microenvironment in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Biology and Therapeutic Implications. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 109:83-99. [PMID: 30699437 DOI: 10.1159/000497355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) include a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising in the diffuse neuroendocrine system and characterized by indolent growth. Complex interactions take place among the cellular components of the microenvironment of these tumors, and the recognition of the molecular mediators of their interplay and cross talk is crucial to discover novel therapeutic targets. NET cells overexpress a plethora of proangiogenic molecules including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, semaphorins, and angiopoietins that promote both recruitment and proliferation of endothelial cell precursors, thus resulting among the most vascularized cancers with a microvessel density 10-fold higher than epithelial tumors. Also, NETs operate multifaceted interactions with stromal cells, both at local and distant sites, and whether their paracrine secretion of serotonin, connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor β primarily drives the fibroblast activation to enhance the tumor proliferation, on the other side NET-derived profibrotic factors accelerate the extracellular matrix remodeling and contribute to heart valves and/or mesenteric fibrosis development, namely, major complications of functioning NETs. However, at present, little is known on the immune landscape of NETs, but accumulating evidence shows that tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, mast cells, and/or macrophages concur to promote the neoangiogenic switch of these tumors by either direct or indirect mechanisms. On the other hand, immune checkpoint molecules are heterogeneously expressed in NETs' surrounding cells, and it is unclear whether or not tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are antitumor armed within the microenvironment, given their low mutational load. Here, we review the current knowledge on both gastroenteropancreatic and pulmonary NETs' microenvironment as well as both established and innovative treatments aimed at targeting the tumor-host interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pelle'
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Quaresmini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy,
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25
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De Pergola G, Zupo R, Cecere A, Bartolomeo N, Triggiani V, Paradiso S, Lampignano L, Silvestris F, Ciccone MM. Platelet number is negatively and independently associated with carotid intima-media thickness in apparently healthy overweight/obese subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1217-1221. [PMID: 30355470 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A significant change of platelet number may be a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between platelet number and early signs of atherosclerosis, evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT), in a apparently healthy population mainly represented by obese subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS As many as 961 subjects, 686 women and 275 men, aged between 18 and 74 years, were enrolled in the study. Of these, 54 individuals (5.6% of all subjects) were normal weight, 259 individuals (27.0% of all subjects) were overweight, and 648 individuals (67.4% of all subjects) were obese. Waist circumference (WC) and blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and platelet count were also detected in all subjects, who underwent carotid echo color doppler ultrasound to measure c-IMT. c-IMT was significantly and positively associated to age (r = 0.204, P < 0.0001), fasting glucose (r = 0.073, P < 0.0240), total cholesterol (r = 0.096, P = 0.0031), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.140, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.119, P < 0.0003 respectively); c-IMT was significantly and negatively correlated with platelet count (r = -0.165, P < 0.0001). Only age (P < 0.0001) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0393), positively, and platelet number (P < 0.0001), negatively, were significantly and independently associated to c-IMT in a final multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION Lower platelet number represented an independent determinant of c-IMT in a population, mainly represented by obese patients. These results suggest that a decrease of platelet number may well be an early defensive mechanism in subjects developing the thickening of carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De Pergola
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - R Zupo
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Cecere
- Section of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - N Bartolomeo
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - V Triggiani
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - S Paradiso
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - L Lampignano
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - F Silvestris
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - M M Ciccone
- Section of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza GiulioCesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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26
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De Stefano A, Nasti G, Febbraro A, Rosati G, Giuliani F, Santini D, Aprile G, Scartozzi M, Silvestris F, Luppi G, Lolli I, Mastroianni C, Leo S, Montesarchio V, Gridelli C, Pozzo C, Sperti E, Giannarelli D, Budillon A, Avallone A. Intermittent or continuous panitumumab (PAN) plus FOLFIRI for first-line treatment of patients (pts) with RAS/BRAF wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): A randomized phase II trial (IMPROVE). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy281.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Palmirotta R, Lovero D, Cafforio P, Felici C, Mannavola F, Pellè E, Quaresmini D, Tucci M, Silvestris F. Liquid biopsy of cancer: a multimodal diagnostic tool in clinical oncology. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918794630. [PMID: 30181785 PMCID: PMC6116068 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918794630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the concept of precision medicine has dramatically renewed
the field of medical oncology; the introduction of patient-tailored therapies
has significantly improved all measurable outcomes. Liquid biopsy is a
revolutionary technique that is opening previously unexpected perspectives. It
consists of the detection and isolation of circulating tumor cells, circulating
tumor DNA and exosomes, as a source of genomic and proteomic information in
patients with cancer. Many technical hurdles have been resolved thanks to newly
developed techniques and next-generation sequencing analyses, allowing a broad
application of liquid biopsy in a wide range of settings. Initially correlated
to prognosis, liquid biopsy data are now being studied for cancer diagnosis,
hopefully including screenings, and most importantly for the prediction of
response or resistance to given treatments. In particular, the identification of
specific mutations in target genes can aid in therapeutic decisions, both in the
appropriateness of treatment and in the advanced identification of secondary
resistance, aiming to early diagnose disease progression. Still application is
far from reality but ongoing research is leading the way to a new era in
oncology. This review summarizes the main techniques and applications of liquid
biopsy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Cafforio
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Felici
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pellè
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Quaresmini
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70124, Italy
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28
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De Pergola G, Giagulli VA, Bartolomeo N, Gaeta F, Petruzzella A, Guastamacchia E, Triggiani V, Silvestris F. Independent Relationship between Serum Osteocalcin and Uric Acid in a Cohort of Apparently Healthy Obese Subjects. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2018; 17:207-212. [PMID: 28847266 DOI: 10.2174/1871530317666170825164415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that serum osteocalcin (OC) is a reliable marker of bone formation, while the role of serum uric acid (UA) in bone metabolism is still debated. However, recent studies have shown that endogenous UA within the normal range may exert a positive effect in bone formation by means of its antioxidant role in both sexes. To date, no studies have been carried out in obese subjects aiming to study the relationship between serum OC and UA, given that obesity is considered as a risk factor for osteoporosis and fracture and, at the same time, for cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVES Our search purpose was to verify the relationship between endogenous levels of OC and serum UA in a cohort of obese subjects without any metabolic or chronic diseases (i.e. hypertension, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, etc.). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty one obese subjects (93 women and 28 men) were enrolled for this study. Serum OC and UA were assessed and compared with demographic characteristics, clinical and biochemical parameters (age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, waist circumference, serum lipids and glycaemia). RESULTS Serum OC was directly and independently correlated with circulating UA in our population of obese subjects, while neither BMI, age, serum lipids, fasting glycaemia nor gender showed a statistically significant correlation with endogenous plasma levels of OC. CONCLUSION The positive effect determined by serum OC in bone metabolism of our obese subjects might be partly due to the antioxidant properties that normal plasma UA levels exert at bone tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Pergola
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari. Italy
| | - Vito A Giagulli
- Outpatient Clinic for Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Conversano Hospital, ASL Bari, 70014 Conversano (Bari). Italy
| | - Nicola Bartolomeo
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari. Italy
| | - Federica Gaeta
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari. Italy
| | - Antonella Petruzzella
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari. Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari. Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari. Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari. Italy
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Palmirotta R, Carella C, Silvestris E, Cives M, Stucci SL, Tucci M, Lovero D, Silvestris F. SNPs in predicting clinical efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy: walking through the quicksand. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25355-25382. [PMID: 29861877 PMCID: PMC5982750 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the "precision medicine" era, chemotherapy still remains the backbone for the treatment of many cancers, but no affordable predictors of response to the chemodrugs are available in clinical practice. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are gene sequence variations occurring in more than 1% of the full population, and account for approximately 80% of inter-individual genomic heterogeneity. A number of studies have investigated the predictive role of SNPs of genes enrolled in both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutics, but the clinical implementation of related results has been modest so far. Among the examined germline polymorphic variants, several SNPs of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) have shown a robust role as predictors of toxicity following fluoropyrimidine- and/or irinotecan-based treatments respectively, and a few guidelines are mandatory in their detection before therapy initiation. Contrasting results, however, have been reported on the capability of variants of other genes as MTHFR, TYMS, ERCC1, XRCC1, GSTP1, CYP3A4/3A5 and ABCB1, in predicting either therapy efficacy or toxicity in patients undergoing treatment with pyrimidine antimetabolites, platinum derivatives, irinotecan and taxanes. While formal recommendations for routine testing of these SNPs cannot be drawn at this moment, therapeutic decisions may indeed benefit of germline genomic information, when available. Here, we summarize the clinical impact of germline genomic variants on the efficacy and toxicity of major chemodrugs, with the aim to facilitate the therapeutic expectance of clinicians in the odiern quicksand field of complex molecular biology concepts and controversial trial data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Carella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Luigia Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Tucci M, Mannavola F, Passarelli A, Stucci LS, Cives M, Silvestris F. Exosomes in melanoma: a role in tumor progression, metastasis and impaired immune system activity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20826-20837. [PMID: 29755693 PMCID: PMC5945529 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (Exo) are small vesicles produced by melanoma cells and the accessory cells of the tumor microenvironment. They emerge via both classical and direct pathways and actively participate in tumor colonisation of distant tissues. The proteins, nucleic acids, cytokines and growth factors engulfed by Exo are transferred to recipient cells, where they drive numerous functions required for the tumor escape from immune system control and tumor progression. By positively or negatively modulating immune cell properties, Exo provoke immune suppression and, in turn, defective dendritic cell (DC) functions. Together, these effects limit the cytotoxicity of T-cells and expand both T-regulatory and myeloid-derived suppressor populations. They also hinder perforin and granzyme production by natural killer cells. Finally, Exo also control the organotropism of melanoma cells. The distinct phenotypic properties of Exo can be exploited both for diagnostic purposes and in the early identification of melanoma patients likely to respond to immunotherapy. The potential therapeutic application of Exo derived from DCs has been demonstrated in vaccination trials, which showed an increase in anti-melanoma activity with respect to circulating tumor cells. However, additional studies are required before Exo can be effectively used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cives
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology , University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' , Bari , Italy
| | - Eleonora Pellè
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology , University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' , Bari , Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology , University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' , Bari , Italy
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Palmirotta R, Lovero D, Silvestris E, Felici C, Quaresmini D, Cafforio P, Silvestris F. Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) Analysis on Single Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) with No Need of Whole-genome Amplification (WGA). Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 14:173-179. [PMID: 28446532 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolation and genotyping of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is gaining an increasing interest by clinical researchers in oncology not only for investigative purposes, but also for concrete application in clinical practice in terms of diagnosis, prognosis and decision treatment with targeted therapies. For the mutational analysis of single CTCs, the most advanced biotechnology methodology currently available includes the combination of whole genome amplification (WGA) followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, the sequence of these molecular techniques is time-consuming and may also favor operator-dependent errors, related to the procedures themselves that, as in the case of the WGA technique, might affect downstream molecular analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS A preliminary approach of molecular analysis by NGS on a model of CTCs without previous WGA procedural step was performed. We set-up an artificial sample obtained by spiking the SK-MEL-28 melanoma cell line in normal donor peripheral whole blood. Melanoma cells were first enriched using an AutoMACS® (Miltenyi) cell separator and then isolated as single and pooled CTCs by DEPArray™ System (Silicon Biosystems). NGS analysis, using the Ion AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (Life Technologies) with the Ion Torrent PGM™ system (Life Technologies), was performed on the SK-MEL-28 cell pellet, a single CTC previously processed with WGA and on 1, 2, 4 and 8 recovered CTCs without WGA pre-amplification. RESULTS NGS directly carried out on CTCs without WGA showed the same mutations identified in SK-MEL-28 cell line pellet, with a considerable efficiency and avoiding the errors induced by the WGA procedure. CONCLUSION We identified a cost-effective, time-saving and reliable methodological approach that could improve the analytical accuracy of the liquid biopsy and appears promising in studying CTCs from cancer patients for both research and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Felici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Quaresmini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Cafforio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
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Silvestris E, Cafforio P, D’Oronzo S, Felici C, Silvestris F, Loverro G. In vitro differentiation of human oocyte-like cells from oogonial stem cells: single-cell isolation and molecular characterization. Hum Reprod 2018; 33:464-473. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11-70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Cafforio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stella D’Oronzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Felici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Loverro
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11-70124 Bari, Italy
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Stucci S, Palmirotta R, Passarelli A, Silvestris E, Argentiero A, Lanotte L, Acquafredda S, Todisco A, Silvestris F. Immune-related adverse events during anticancer immunotherapy: Pathogenesis and management. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5671-5680. [PMID: 29113194 PMCID: PMC5661371 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is one of the most recent systemic treatments to emerge for use in oncology, and is based on the blocking of inhibitory immune checkpoints to potentiate the immune response to cancer. The anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 antibody ipilimumab and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibodies, including nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are currently available and widely used, and other immune-inhibiting antibodies are now under intensive investigation. These antibodies have shown efficacy in a growing number of tumor types, following initial observations of their notable effects in melanoma treatment. Despite the efficacy of these antibodies, their novel mechanisms of action are also associated with a new class of side effects called immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). These side effects do not share a common pathophysiology with other anticancer treatments and, therefore, they often require specific therapies. When detected early and correctly treated, IRAEs are reversible; however, they can become severe and life-threatening if underestimated or inappropriately treated. This review aims to revisit the pathogenesis of IRAEs, with attention to gastrointestinal manifestations, since these are common and potentially dangerous complications of immunotherapy and represent a major cause of treatment discontinuation. Recommendations and guidelines for the management of IRAEs are also presented, in order to provide a clear and applicable algorithm for use by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Stucci
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Argentiero
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Lanotte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvana Acquafredda
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Todisco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy
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Cives M, Quaresmini D, Rizzo FM, Felici C, D'Oronzo S, Simone V, Silvestris F. Osteotropism of neuroendocrine tumors: role of the CXCL12/ CXCR4 pathway in promoting EMT in vitro. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22534-22549. [PMID: 28186979 PMCID: PMC5410243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) metastasize to the skeleton in approximately 20% of patients. We have previously shown that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulates the NET osteotropism and that CXCR4 overexpression predicts bone spreading. Here, we unravel the molecular mechanisms linking the activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis to the bone colonization of NETs using cell lines representative of pancreatic (BON1, CM, QGP1), intestinal (CNDT 2.5), and bronchial origin (H727). By combining flow cytometry and ELISA, BON1, CM and QGP1 cells were defined as CXCR4high/CXCL12low, while H727 and CNDT 2.5 were CXCR4low/CXCL12high. CXCL12 was inert on cell proliferation, but significantly increased the in vitro osteotropism of CXCR4high/CXCL12low cells, as assessed by transwell assays with or without Matrigel membranes. In these cells, CXCL12 induced in vitro a marked EMT-like transcriptional shift with acquirement of a mesenchymal shape. The nuclei of CXCR4high/CXCL12low NET cells were typically enriched in non-phosphorylated CXCR4, particularly upon agonist stimulation. Silencing of CXCR4 via siRNA prevented the CXCL12-induced EMT in CXCR4high/CXCL12low NET cell lines resulting in the abrogation of both migration and transcriptional mesenchymal patterns. Our data suggest that CXCL12 conveys EMT-promoting signals in NET cells through CXCR4, which in turn regulates transcriptional, morphologic and functional modifications resulting in enhanced in vitro osteotropism of NET cells. Unique functions of CXCR4 may be segregated in relation to its subcellular localization and may acquire potential relevance in future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Quaresmini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Felici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Stella D'Oronzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
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Pellé E, Cives M, Quaresmini D, Lovero D, Felici C, Cafforio P, Palmirotta R, Silvestris F. CXCR4 inhibition by ulocuplumab prevents EMT of pNET cells in vitro. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx368.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Fazio N, Maisonneuve P, Frezza A, Ibrahim T, La Salvia A, Tafuto S, Pusceddu S, Marconcini R, Silvestris F, Campana D, Santini D, Faggiano A, Massironi S, De Marinis L, Rubini G, Merola E, Antonuzzo L, Amoroso V, Puliafito I, Spada F. Bone metastases in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms: A survey of natural history and clinical management. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx368.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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38
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DE Marchis ML, Tonelli F, Quaresmini D, Lovero D, Della-Morte D, Silvestris F, Guadagni F, Palmirotta R. Desmoid Tumors in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:3357-3366. [PMID: 28668823 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a cancer syndrome caused by a germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. It is characterized by the presence of hundreds of colonic polyps, which have a high tendency to undergo malignant transformation. Among associated lesions in FAP, desmoid tumors represent a common possible life-threatening condition that requires special attention. They are rare tumors occurring with a particularly high incidence in FAP, especially after surgery. In agreement with Knudson's 'two-hit' theory, the inactivation of the residual APC gene in FAP is a critical step in the development of both colorectal cancer and desmoids. Several lines of evidence show that germline mutations affect the functional domains of the APC gene that are responsible for interactions of the transcript with β-catenin, whereas somatic second mutations involve the downstream region of the gene. Hence, an understanding of the molecular pathways underlying desmoid progression in FAP could be important for research and a valid resource for the early prevention and tailored treatment of this disease. In this review, we provide an updated insight into desmoids in FAP syndrome, from molecular pathogenesis to the main issues in management, with special attention given to genetic and molecular features of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura DE Marchis
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Tonelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Quaresmini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Palmirotta R, Silvestris E, D'Oronzo S, Cardascia A, Silvestris F. Ovarian cancer: Novel molecular aspects for clinical assessment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 117:12-29. [PMID: 28807232 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a very heterogeneous tumor which has been traditionally characterized according to the different histological subtypes and differentiation degree. In recent years, innovative molecular screening biotechnologies have allowed to identify further subtypes of this cancer based on gene expression profiles, mutational features, and epigenetic factors. These novel classification systems emphasizing the molecular signatures within the broad spectrum of ovarian cancer have not only allowed a more precise prognostic prediction, but also proper therapeutic strategies for specific subgroups of patients. The bulk of available scientific data and the high refinement of molecular classifications of ovarian cancers can today address the research towards innovative drugs with the adoption of targeted therapies tailored for single molecular profiles leading to a better prediction of therapeutic response. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the molecular bases of ovarian cancer, from the description of its molecular subtypes derived from wide high-throughput analyses to the latest discoveries of the ovarian cancer stem cells. The latest personalized treatment options are also presented with recent advances in using PARP inhibitors, anti-angiogenic, anti-folate receptor and anti-cancer stem cells treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Stella D'Oronzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Cardascia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.
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Gernone A, Trabucco S, Cascardi E, Resta L, Silvestris F, Napoli A. Expression of androgen receptor, somatostatin receptor subtypes, aurora kinase A, and interleukin-6 in prostate cancer before androgen ablation. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e16508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e16508 Background: Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in prostate cancer (PC) can be detected by immunohistochemistry as single cells in conventional adenocarcinoma. NEPC is a poor-recognized late presentation of hormone refractory subtype of PC AR-negative. NEPC correlates with poor prognosis, tumor progression during androgen-deprivation therapy and frequent visceral metastases. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) cooperate to induce NED. The aim of this study was to correlate the expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 1- 2- 3- 4- 5 subtypes, AURKA and IL-6 in primary PC with NED pattern before androgen ablation and OS. Methods: PC tissues were reviewed from 60 pts who had undergone biopsy or radical prostatectomy for previously untreated advanced or metastatic PC from 2010 to 2016. 10 samples expressed histologically chromogranin A (CgA), a marker of NED expression. Median age was 67 years (47-80), Gleason score ≥ 7, median PSA was 60 ng/ml (1.3-1000), ECOG 0/1 and bone-visceral sites measurable in 90% of cases. For comparison purposes, 8 pathology specimens from pts with primary PC negative for CgA expression were used. Results: SSTR1-2-4-5 were detected only in the nucleus of PC cells in 10/10 samples. AR was expressed in all 10 samples CgA positive. SSTR3 and AURKA were not expressed in all 10 samples. IL-6 was detected in 9/10 samples. All 10 pts developed early onset of CRPC, more aggressive clinical course with rapid occurrence of visceral metastases and OS was < 12 mos. Conclusions: In metastatic prostate cancer, pretreatment NED pattern can be a predictor for progression and survival after hormonal and during standard chemotherapy. Most likely NEPC become AR negative during disease progression and in response to androgen deprivation therapy. We supposed, according to other data, that the novel potent AR-targeted drugs should be not used in this subset of patients. SSTRs and somatostatin analogs are not potential targets for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gernone
- Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Hospital Bari, Bari, Italy
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Pergola G, Triggiani V, Bartolomeo N, Nardecchia A, Giagulli V, Bruno I, Caccavo D, Silvestris F. Independent Relationship of Osteocalcin Circulating Levels with Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, and HDL Cholesterol. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2017; 16:270-275. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530317666170106150756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Palmirotta R, Quaresmini D, Lovero D, Silvestris F. ALK gene alterations in cancer: biological aspects and therapeutic implications. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:277-292. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ALK was first reported in 1994 as a translocation in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and then described with different abnormalities in a number of tumors. Recently, a shortly accumulated biomedical research clarified the numerous biological processes underlying its ability to support cancer development, growth and progression. Advent of precision medicine has finally provided unexpected advances, leading to the development of ALK-targeting inhibitors with superior efficacy as compared with standard chemotherapy regimens, as well as the identification of resistance mechanisms and the creation of ‘next-generation’ treatments. This review summarizes the current understanding of ALK-driven cancers from the oncogenesis and mutation frequency by The Cancer Genome Atlas database through the diagnostic approach, to an updated portrait of available tyrosine kinase inhibitors, considering their effectiveness in cancer treatment, the molecular reasons of therapeutic failure, and the actual and future ways to overcome resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Quaresmini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
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Tiseo M, Crinò L, Galetta D, Abbate MI, Delmonte A, Grossi F, De Marinis F, Ricciardi S, Manzo A, Palla A, Tondini C, Tassinari D, Frassoldati A, Verderame F, Cogoni AA, Cognetti F, Palmiotti G, Illiano A, Silvestris F, Soto Parra HJ. P3.02c-092 Nivolumab in Multi-Treated Patients with Advanced Sq-NSCLC: Data from the Italian Cohort of Expanded Access Programme (EAP). J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Palmirotta R, Acquafredda S, Argentiero A, Carella C, Lanotte L, Pappagallo N, Quaresmini D, Silvestris F. [Genomics of lung adenocarcinoma: pathogenetic significance and clinical applications.]. Recenti Prog Med 2016; 107:652-672. [PMID: 27997009 DOI: 10.1701/2502.26236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially adenocarcinoma, have recently undergone dramatic evolution according to the tremendous amount of molecular data collected on this cancer. In fact, the application of oncogenomics has identified novel molecular subtypes of NSCLC and led the way to diagnostic criteria based on the expression of specific genetic alterations that can provide prognostic and specific indications to the molecular targeted therapies. In NSCLC, several genes show "driver" molecular alterations that confer oncogenic potential to progenitor cells through the enrollment of metabolic pathways critical for cell proliferation and tumor development. On the other hand, clinical management of NSCLC with small molecules has undoubtedly provided optimistic results with both a significant increase in overall survival and reduction in therapy-related toxicity including relative complications. Thus, pharmacogenomics, as the newest tool for using the targeted therapy represents the most innovative approach for treatment of this cancer once the molecular aberrations are identified. In particular, the relative mutational status of several driver genes including EGFR, ALK, ROS1 and others, is directly correlated to a better response to thyrosin-kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, other therapeutic strategies with inhibitors of angiogenic receptors, PARP, histone-deacetylase, PI3K and HSP90, are intensively studied in pre-clinical models as well as in clinical trials for a potential adoption in clinical practice. The introduction of more advanced techniques for molecular profiling also allows to identify pathogenic variants of many other genes involved in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma with the aim to develop novel molecular targets for pharmacological research. In this review, we will revisit the current applications of oncogenomics in the diagnosis and treatment of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Clinica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro"
| | - Silvana Acquafredda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Clinica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro"
| | - Antonella Argentiero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Clinica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro"
| | - Claudia Carella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Clinica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro"
| | - Laura Lanotte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Clinica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro"
| | - Nicla Pappagallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Clinica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro"
| | - Davide Quaresmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Clinica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro"
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Clinica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro"
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Orgiano L, Bruder F, Madeddu C, Marconcini R, Gambale E, Galizia E, Stucci S, Spagnolo F, Di Guardo L, Loi C, Dessi A, Massa E, Massa D, Astara G, Del Vecchio M, Silvestris F, De Tursi M, Falcone A, Queirolo P, Scartozzi M. 409P CARAMEL study: ClinicAl prognostic biomarkers for Ipilimumab-Related outcome in metastatic MELanoma patients. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw589.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Orgiano L, Bruder F, Madeddu C, Marconcini R, Gambale E, Galizia E, Stucci S, Spagnolo F, Di Guardo L, Loi C, Dessi A, Massa E, Massa D, Astara G, Del Vecchio M, Silvestris F, De Tursi M, Falcone A, Queirolo P, Scartozzi M. 409P CARAMEL study: ClinicAl prognostic biomarkers for Ipilimumab-Related outcome in metastatic MELanoma patients. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(21)00567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Palmirotta R, Lovero D, Silvestris E, Simone V, Lanotte L, Quaresmini D, Silvestris F. Characterization of a Rare Nonpathogenic Methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) Gene Mutation p.Lys215del in a Southern Italian family. Hum Mutat 2016; 38:120-121. [PMID: 27768236 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Lanotte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Quaresmini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
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Tucci M, Stucci S, Passarelli A, D'Oronzo S, Silvestris F. Everolimus restrains the IL-17A-dependent osteoclast-like transdifferentiation of dendritic cells in multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol 2016; 47:48-53. [PMID: 27765615 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) promotes the osteoclast (OC)-like differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) in multiple myeloma (MM) and contributes to the pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease (MBD). In our study, everolimus (EVR) abrogated the in vitro OC-like activity of DCs from 12 MM patients significantly. Exploring the EVR effects, we found that the inhibition of the osteoerosive activity of OC-DCs was mostly due to the blockade of signals driven by the IL-17A receptor toward the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta/musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B axis Therefore, MM patients with MBD would probably benefit from mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefania Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Stella D'Oronzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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De Pergola G, Nardecchia A, Cirillo M, Boninfante B, Sciaraffia M, Giagulli VA, Triggiani V, Silvestris F. Higher Waist Circumference, Fasting Hyperinsulinemia And Insulin Resistance Characterize Hypertensive Patients With Impaired Glucose Metabolism. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2016; 15:297-301. [PMID: 25944063 DOI: 10.2174/1871530315666150506125651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypertensive patients are at higher risk of pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose IFG and impaired glucose tolerance IGT) and type 2 DM. This study was done to examine whether some general, anthropometric, hormone, and metabolic parameters are different between subjects with normal and impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) in hypertensive subjects, thus possibly identifying some variable characterizing glucose metabolism derangement in these patients. A cohort of 134 hypertensive patients, 55 women and 79 men, aged 37-70 years, were examined. IGM patients were considered those showing IFG and/or IGT or type 2 DM after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and/or HbA1c > 48 mmol/l (6.5%) and/or glucose levels >155 mg/dL after 1 hour of the OGTT. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and fasting insulin, TSH, FT3, FT4, glucose, and lipid (cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) plasma concentrations were measured. Insulin resistance was also assessed by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMAIR). RESULTS Waist circumference (p < 0.05), fasting glucose (p < 0.05) and insulin levels (p < 0.05) and HOMAIR (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in patients with IGM than in control group. All other investigated parameters, as well as the number of antihypertensive drugs per single patient, were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study, performed in a selected population of hypertensive subjects, shows that derangement of glucose metabolism is associated to central fat accumulation, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Cafforio P, Felici C, Mannavola F, Pellè E, Silvestris F. TRAIL-engineered umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) as anti-multiple myeloma (MM) cytotherapy approach. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw392.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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