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Ambron E, Garcea FE, Cason S, Medina J, Detre JA, Coslett HB. The influence of hand posture on tactile processing: Evidence from a 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Cortex 2024; 173:138-149. [PMID: 38394974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Although behavioral evidence has shown that postural changes influence the ability to localize or detect tactile stimuli, little is known regarding the brain areas that modulate these effects. This 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study explores the effects of touch of the hand as a function of hand location (right or left side of the body) and hand configuration (open or closed). We predicted that changes in hand configuration would be represented in contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the anterior intraparietal area (aIPS), whereas change in position of the hand would be associated with alterations in activation in the superior parietal lobule. Multivoxel pattern analysis and a region of interest approach partially supported our predictions. Decoding accuracy for hand location was above chance level in superior parietal lobule (SPL) and in the anterior intraparietal (aIPS) area; above chance classification of hand configuration was observed in SPL and S1. This evidence confirmed the role of the parietal cortex in postural effects on touch and the possible role of S1 in coding the body form representation of the hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Ambron
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Frank E Garcea
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA; Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA.
| | - Samuel Cason
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared Medina
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H Branch Coslett
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Garcea FE, Buxbaum LJ. Mechanisms and neuroanatomy of response selection in tool and non-tool action tasks: Evidence from left-hemisphere stroke. Cortex 2023; 167:335-350. [PMID: 37598647 PMCID: PMC10543550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability to select between potential actions is central to the complex process of tool use. After left hemisphere stroke, individuals with limb apraxia make more hand action errors when gesturing the use of tools with conflicting hand actions for grasping-to-move and use (e.g., screwdriver) relative to tools that are grasped-to-move and used with the same hand action (e.g., hammer). Prior research indicates that this grasp-use interference effect is driven by abnormalities in the competitive action selection process. The goal of this project was to determine whether common mechanisms and neural substrates support the competitive selection of task-appropriate responses in both tool and non-tool domains. If so, the grasp-use interference effect in a tool use gesturing task should be correlated with response interference effects in the classic Eriksen flanker and Simon tasks, and at least partly overlapping neural regions should subserve the 3 tasks. Sixty-four left hemisphere stroke survivors (33 with apraxia) participated in the tool- and non-tool interference tasks and underwent T1 anatomical MRI. There were robust grasp-use interference effects (grasp-use conflict test) and response interference effects (Eriksen flanker and Simon tasks), but these effects were not correlated. Lesion-symptom mapping analyses showed that lesions to the left inferior parietal lobule, ventral premotor cortex, and insula were associated with grasp-use interference. Lesions to the left inferior parietal lobule, postcentral gyrus, insula, caudate, and putamen were associated with response interference in the Eriksen flanker task. Lesions to the left caudate and putamen were also associated with response interference in the Simon task. Our results suggest that the selection of hand posture for tool use is mediated by distinct cognitive mechanisms and partly distinct neuroanatomic substrates from those mapping a stimulus to an appropriate motor response in non-tool domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Laurel J Buxbaum
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Matheson HE, Garcea FE, Buxbaum LJ. Scene context shapes category representational geometry during processing of tools. Cortex 2021; 141:1-15. [PMID: 34020166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tools are ubiquitous in human environments and to think about them we use concepts. Increasingly, conceptual representation is thought to be dynamic and sensitive to the goals of the observer. Indeed, observer goals can reshape representational geometry within cortical networks supporting concepts. In the present study, we investigated the novel hypothesis that task-irrelevant scene context may implicitly alter the representational geometry of regions within the tool network. Participants performed conceptual judgments on images of tools embedded in scenes that either suggested their use (i.e., a kitchen timer sitting on a kitchen counter with vegetables in a frying pan) or that they would simply be moved (i.e., a kitchen timer sitting in an open drawer with other miscellaneous kitchen items around). We investigated whether representations in the tool network reflect category, grip, and shape information using a representational similarity analysis (RSA). We show that a) a number of regions of the tool network reflect category information about tools and b) category information predicts patterns in supramarginal gyrus more strongly in use contexts than in move contexts. Together, these results show that information about tool category is distributed across different regions of the tool network and that scene context helps shape the representational geometry of the tool network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath E Matheson
- University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
| | - Frank E Garcea
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
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Belkhir JR, Fitch WT, Garcea FE, Chernoff BL, Sims MH, Navarrete E, Haber S, Paul DA, Smith SO, Pilcher WH, Mahon BZ. Direct electrical stimulation evidence for a dorsal motor area with control of the larynx. Brain Stimul 2020; 14:110-112. [PMID: 33217608 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Raouf Belkhir
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - W Tecumseh Fitch
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank E Garcea
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Benjamin L Chernoff
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Max H Sims
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Eduardo Navarrete
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Dello Sviluppo e Della Socializzazione, Università di Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sam Haber
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - David A Paul
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Susan O Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Webster H Pilcher
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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5
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Garcea FE, Greene C, Grafton ST, Buxbaum LJ. Structural Disconnection of the Tool Use Network after Left Hemisphere Stroke Predicts Limb Apraxia Severity. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa035. [PMID: 33134927 PMCID: PMC7573742 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Producing a tool use gesture is a complex process drawing upon the integration of stored knowledge of tools and their associated actions with sensory-motor mechanisms supporting the planning and control of hand and arm actions. Understanding how sensory-motor systems in parietal cortex interface with semantic representations of actions and objects in the temporal lobe remains a critical issue and is hypothesized to be a key determinant of the severity of limb apraxia, a deficit in producing skilled action after left hemisphere stroke. We used voxel-based and connectome-based lesion-symptom mapping with data from 57 left hemisphere stroke participants to assess the lesion sites and structural disconnection patterns associated with poor tool use gesturing. We found that structural disconnection among the left inferior parietal lobule, lateral and ventral temporal cortices, and middle and superior frontal gyri predicted the severity of tool use gesturing performance. Control analyses demonstrated that reductions in right-hand grip strength were associated with motor system disconnection, largely bypassing regions supporting tool use gesturing. Our findings provide evidence that limb apraxia may arise, in part, from a disconnection between conceptual representations in the temporal lobe and mechanisms enabling skilled action production in the inferior parietal lobule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clint Greene
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93016, USA
| | - Scott T Grafton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93016, USA
| | - Laurel J Buxbaum
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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6
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Garcea FE, Stoll H, Buxbaum LJ. Reduced competition between tool action neighbors in left hemisphere stroke. Cortex 2019; 120:269-283. [PMID: 31352237 PMCID: PMC6951425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
When pantomiming the use of tools, patients with limb apraxia after left hemisphere stroke (LCVA) produce more spatiotemporal hand action errors with tools associated with conflicting actions for use versus grasp-to-pick-up (e.g., corkscrew) than tools having a single action for both use and grasp (e.g., hammer). There are two possible accounts for this pattern of results. Reduced performance with 'conflict' tools may simply reflect weakened automaticity of use action activation, which is evident only when the use and grasp actions are not redundant. Alternatively, poor use performance may reflect a reduced ability of appropriate tool use actions to compete with task-inappropriate action representations. To address this issue, we developed a Stroop-like experiment in which 21 LCVA and 8 neurotypical participants performed pantomime actions in blocks containing two tools that were similar ("neighbors") in terms of hand action or function, or were unrelated on either dimension. In a congruent condition, they pantomimed the use action associated with the visually presented tool, whereas in an incongruent condition, they pantomimed the use action for the other tool in the block. Relative to controls and other task conditions, LCVA participants showed reductions in hand action errors in incongruent relative to congruent action trials; furthermore, the degree of reduction in this incongruence effect was related to the participants' susceptibility to grasp-on-use conflict in a separate test of pantomime to the sight of tools. Support vector regression lesion-symptom mapping analyses identified the left inferior frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus as core neuroanatomical sites associated with abnormal performance. Collectively, the results indicate that weakened activation of tool use actions in limb apraxia gives rise to reduced ability of these actions to compete for task-appropriate selection when competition arises within single tools (grasp-on-use conflict) as well as between two tools (reduced neighborhood effects).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Harrison Stoll
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA
| | - Laurel J Buxbaum
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Mahon BZ, Mead JA, Chernoff BL, Sims MH, Garcea FE, Prentiss E, Belkhir R, Haber SJ, Gannon SB, Erickson S, Wright KA, Schmidt MZ, Paulzak A, Milano VC, Paul DA, Foxx K, Tivarus M, Nadler JW, Behr JM, Smith SO, Li YM, Walter K, Pilcher WH. Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31449264 DOI: 10.3791/59592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Translational Brain Mapping Program at the University of Rochester is an interdisciplinary effort that integrates cognitive science, neurophysiology, neuroanesthesia, and neurosurgery. Patients who have tumors or epileptogenic tissue in eloquent brain areas are studied preoperatively with functional and structural MRI, and intraoperatively with direct electrical stimulation mapping. Post-operative neural and cognitive outcome measures fuel basic science studies about the factors that mediate good versus poor outcome after surgery, and how brain mapping can be further optimized to ensure the best outcome for future patients. In this article, we describe the interdisciplinary workflow that allows our team to meet the synergistic goals of optimizing patient outcome and advancing scientific understanding of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center; Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University;
| | - Jeffrey A Mead
- Public Relations and Communications, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | | | | | - Frank E Garcea
- MOSS Rehabilitation Research Institute, Cognitive Neuroscience
| | | | - Raouf Belkhir
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
| | - Sam J Haber
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Audrey Paulzak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Vanessa C Milano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - David A Paul
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Kenneth Foxx
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Madalina Tivarus
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Jacob W Nadler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | | | - Susan O Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Yan Michael Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Kevin Walter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center
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8
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Hirad AA, Bazarian JJ, Merchant-Borna K, Garcea FE, Heilbronner S, Paul D, Hintz EB, van Wijngaarden E, Schifitto G, Wright DW, Espinoza TR, Mahon BZ. A common neural signature of brain injury in concussion and subconcussion. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaau3460. [PMID: 31457074 PMCID: PMC6685720 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The midbrain is biomechanically susceptible to force loading from repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI), is a site of tauopathy in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and regulates functions (e.g., eye movements) often disrupted in concussion. In a prospective longitudinal design, we demonstrate there are reductions in midbrain white matter integrity due to a single season of collegiate football, and that the amount of reduction in midbrain white matter integrity is related to the amount of rotational acceleration to which players' brains are exposed. We then replicate the observation of reduced midbrain white matter integrity in a retrospective cohort of individuals with frank concussion, and further show that variance in white matter integrity is correlated with levels of serum-based tau, a marker of blood-brain barrier disruption. These findings mean that noninvasive structural MRI of the midbrain is a succinct index of both clinically silent white matter injury as well as frank concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A. Hirad
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Bazarian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kian Merchant-Borna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Frank E. Garcea
- Center for Visual Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA
| | - Sarah Heilbronner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David Paul
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Eric B. Hintz
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Giovanni Schifitto
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David W. Wright
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tamara R. Espinoza
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bradford Z. Mahon
- Center for Visual Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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9
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Garcea FE, Almeida J, Sims MH, Nunno A, Meyers SP, Li YM, Walter K, Pilcher WH, Mahon BZ. Domain-Specific Diaschisis: Lesions to Parietal Action Areas Modulate Neural Responses to Tools in the Ventral Stream. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:3168-3181. [PMID: 30169596 PMCID: PMC6933536 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural responses to small manipulable objects ("tools") in high-level visual areas in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) provide an opportunity to test how anatomically remote regions modulate ventral stream processing in a domain-specific manner. Prior patient studies indicate that grasp-relevant information can be computed about objects by dorsal stream structures independently of processing in VTC. Prior functional neuroimaging studies indicate privileged functional connectivity between regions of VTC exhibiting tool preferences and regions of parietal cortex supporting object-directed action. Here we test whether lesions to parietal cortex modulate tool preferences within ventral and lateral temporal cortex. We found that lesions to the left anterior intraparietal sulcus, a region that supports hand-shaping during object grasping and manipulation, modulate tool preferences in left VTC and in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus. Control analyses demonstrated that neural responses to "place" stimuli in left VTC were unaffected by lesions to parietal cortex, indicating domain-specific consequences for ventral stream neural responses in the setting of parietal lesions. These findings provide causal evidence that neural specificity for "tools" in ventral and lateral temporal lobe areas may arise, in part, from online inputs to VTC from parietal areas that receive inputs via the dorsal visual pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester, Center for Language Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science, 274 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, 50 Township Line Road, Elkins Park, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Almeida
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maxwell H Sims
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Nunno
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steven P Meyers
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Imaging Sciences, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yan Michael Li
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Walter
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Webster H Pilcher
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester, Center for Language Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science, 274 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Garcea FE, Buxbaum LJ. Gesturing tool use and tool transport actions modulates inferior parietal functional connectivity with the dorsal and ventral object processing pathways. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2867-2883. [PMID: 30900321 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interacting with manipulable objects (tools) requires the integration of diverse computations supported by anatomically remote regions. Previous functional neuroimaging research has demonstrated the left supramarginal (SMG) exhibits functional connectivity to both ventral and dorsal pathways, supporting the integration of ventrally-mediated tool properties and conceptual knowledge with dorsally-computed volumetric and structural representations of tools. This architecture affords us the opportunity to test whether interactions between the left SMG, ventral visual pathway, and dorsal visual pathway are differentially modulated when participants plan and generate tool-directed gestures emphasizing functional manipulation (tool use gesturing) or structure-based grasping (tool transport gesturing). We found that functional connectivity between the left SMG, ventral temporal cortex (bilateral fusiform gyri), and dorsal visual pathway (left superior parietal lobule/posterior intraparietal sulcus) was maximal for tool transport planning and gesturing, whereas functional connectivity between the left SMG, left ventral anterior temporal lobe, and left frontal operculum was maximal for tool use planning and gesturing. These results demonstrate that functional connectivity to the left SMG is differentially modulated by tool use and tool transport gesturing, suggesting that distinct tool features computed by the two object processing pathways are integrated in the parietal lobe in the service of tool-directed action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania.,Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laurel J Buxbaum
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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11
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Garcea FE, Chen Q, Vargas R, Narayan DA, Mahon BZ. Task- and domain-specific modulation of functional connectivity in the ventral and dorsal object-processing pathways. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2589-2607. [PMID: 29536173 PMCID: PMC6252262 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A whole-brain network of regions collectively supports the ability to recognize and use objects-the Tool Processing Network. Little is known about how functional interactions within the Tool Processing Network are modulated in a task-dependent manner. We designed an fMRI experiment in which participants were required to either generate object pantomimes or to carry out a picture matching task over the same images of tools, while holding all aspects of stimulus presentation constant across the tasks. The Tool Processing Network was defined with an independent functional localizer, and functional connectivity within the network was measured during the pantomime and picture matching tasks. Relative to tool picture matching, tool pantomiming led to an increase in functional connectivity between ventral stream regions and left parietal and frontal-motor areas; in contrast, the matching task was associated with an increase in functional connectivity among regions in ventral temporo-occipital cortex, and between ventral temporal regions and the left inferior parietal lobule. Graph-theory analyses over the functional connectivity data indicated that the left premotor cortex and left lateral occipital complex were hub-like (exhibited high betweenness centrality) during tool pantomiming, while ventral stream regions (left medial fusiform gyrus and left posterior middle temporal gyrus) were hub-like during the picture matching task. These results demonstrate task-specific modulation of functional interactions among a common set of regions, and indicate dynamic coupling of anatomically remote regions in task-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Meliora Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627-0268, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA
| | - Quanjing Chen
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Meliora Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627-0268, USA
| | - Roger Vargas
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA
| | - Darren A Narayan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Meliora Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627-0268, USA.
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA.
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Chen Q, Garcea FE, Jacobs RA, Mahon BZ. Abstract Representations of Object-Directed Action in the Left Inferior Parietal Lobule. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:2162-2174. [PMID: 28605410 PMCID: PMC6019004 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior neuroimaging and neuropsychological research indicates that the left inferior parietal lobule in the human brain is a critical substrate for representing object manipulation knowledge. In the present functional MRI study we used multivoxel pattern analyses to test whether action similarity among objects can be decoded in the inferior parietal lobule independent of the task applied to objects (identification or pantomime) and stimulus format in which stimuli are presented (pictures or printed words). Participants pantomimed the use of objects, cued by printed words, or identified pictures of objects. Classifiers were trained and tested across task (e.g., training data: pantomime; testing data: identification), stimulus format (e.g., training data: word format; testing format: picture) and specific objects (e.g., training data: scissors vs. corkscrew; testing data: pliers vs. screwdriver). The only brain region in which action relations among objects could be decoded across task, stimulus format and objects was the inferior parietal lobule. By contrast, medial aspects of the ventral surface of the left temporal lobe represented object function, albeit not at the same level of abstractness as actions in the inferior parietal lobule. These results suggest compulsory access to abstract action information in the inferior parietal lobe even when simply identifying objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Chen
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
| | - Frank E Garcea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
| | - Robert A Jacobs
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
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13
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Almeida J, Amaral L, Garcea FE, Aguiar de Sousa D, Xu S, Mahon BZ, Martins IP. Visual and visuomotor processing of hands and tools as a case study of cross talk between the dorsal and ventral streams. Cogn Neuropsychol 2018; 35:288-303. [PMID: 29792367 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2018.1463980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A major principle of organization of the visual system is between a dorsal stream that processes visuomotor information and a ventral stream that supports object recognition. Most research has focused on dissociating processing across these two streams. Here we focus on how the two streams interact. We tested neurologically-intact and impaired participants in an object categorization task over two classes of objects that depend on processing within both streams-hands and tools. We measured how unconscious processing of images from one of these categories (e.g., tools) affects the recognition of images from the other category (i.e., hands). Our findings with neurologically-intact participants demonstrated that processing an image of a hand hampers the subsequent processing of an image of a tool, and vice versa. These results were not present in apraxic patients (N = 3). These findings suggest local and global inhibitory processes working in tandem to co-register information across the two streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Almeida
- a Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , Proaction Laboratory, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Lénia Amaral
- b Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , Proaction Laboratory, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Frank E Garcea
- c Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.,d Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- e Faculty of Medicine , Laboratório de Estudos da Linguagem, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, University of Lisbon, Hospital Santa Maria , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Shan Xu
- f School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- c Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.,d Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.,g Department of Neurosurgery , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Isabel Pavão Martins
- e Faculty of Medicine , Laboratório de Estudos da Linguagem, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, University of Lisbon, Hospital Santa Maria , Lisbon , Portugal
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14
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Chernoff BL, Teghipco A, Garcea FE, Sims MH, Paul DA, Tivarus ME, Smith SO, Pilcher WH, Mahon BZ. A Role for the Frontal Aslant Tract in Speech Planning: A Neurosurgical Case Study. J Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:752-769. [PMID: 29569513 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Frontal and temporal white matter pathways play key roles in language processing, but the specific computations supported by different tracts remain a matter of study. A role in speech planning has been proposed for a recently described pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), which connects the posterior inferior frontal gyrus to the pre-SMA. Here, we use longitudinal functional and structural MRI and behavioral testing to evaluate the behavioral consequences of a lesion to the left FAT that was incurred during surgical resection of a frontal glioma in a 60-year-old woman, Patient AF. The pattern of performance in AF is compared, using the same measures, with that in a 37-year-old individual who underwent a left anterior temporal resection and hippocampectomy (Patient AG). AF and AG were both cognitively intact preoperatively but exhibited specific and doubly dissociable behavioral deficits postoperatively: AF had dysfluent speech but no word finding difficulty, whereas AG had word finding difficulty but otherwise fluent speech. Probabilistic tractography showed that the left FAT was lesioned postoperatively in AF (but not AG) whereas the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was lesioned in AG (but not AF). Those structural changes were supported by corresponding changes in functional connectivity to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus: decreased functional connectivity postoperatively between the posterior inferior frontal gyrus and pre-SMA in AF (but not AG) and decreased functional connectivity between the posterior inferior frontal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus in AG (but not AF). We suggest from these findings that the left FAT serves as a key communicative link between sentence planning and lexical access processes.
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15
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Shay EA, Chen Q, Garcea FE, Mahon BZ. Decoding intransitive actions in primary motor cortex using fMRI: toward a componential theory of 'action primitives' in motor cortex. Cogn Neurosci 2018; 10:13-19. [PMID: 29544397 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2018.1453491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) over functional MRI data can distinguish neural representational states that do not differ in their overall amplitude of BOLD contrast. Here we used MVPA to test whether simple intransitive actions can be distinguished in primary motor cortex. Participants rotated and flexed each of their extremities (hands and feet) during fMRI scanning. The primary motor cortex for the hand/wrist was functionally defined in each hemisphere in each subject. Within those subject-specific ROIs, we found that the average amplitude of BOLD contrast for two different movements of the contralateral hand (rotation, flexion) were higher than for the ipsilateral hand, as well as movements by both feet; however, there was no difference in amplitude between the two different types of movements for the contralateral hand. Using multivoxel pattern analysis (linear correlation), we were able to distinguish the two movements for the contralateral hand. These findings demonstrate that simple intransitive actions can be distinguished in primary motor areas using multivoxel pattern analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Shay
- a Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Quanjing Chen
- a Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Frank E Garcea
- a Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.,b Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute , Elkins Park , PA , USA.,c Center for Visual Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- a Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.,c Center for Visual Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.,d Department of Neurosurgery , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA.,e Department of Neurology , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
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16
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Chen Q, Garcea FE, Almeida J, Mahon BZ. Connectivity-based constraints on category-specificity in the ventral object processing pathway. Neuropsychologia 2017; 105:184-196. [PMID: 27876509 PMCID: PMC5438294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts to characterize visual object representations in the ventral object processing pathway in the human brain have led to contrasting proposals about the causes of neural specificity for different categories. Here we use multivariate techniques in a novel way to relate patterns of functional connectivity to patterns of stimulus preferences. Stimulus preferences were measured throughout the ventral stream to tools, animals, faces and places; separately, we measured the strength of functional connectivity of each voxel in the ventral stream to category-preferring regions outside the ventral stream. Multivariate analyses were then performed over ventral stream voxels, relating 'category-preferences' to 'functional connectivity preferences'. We show that the relation of those two measures doubly dissociates 'tools' and 'places', within what is ostensibly 'place' selective cortex (parahippocampal gyrus). Specifically, in the parahippocampal gyrus, functional connectivity to the left inferior parietal lobule is selectively related to stimulus preferences for tools (and not places), while functional connectivity to retrosplenial cortex is selectively related to place preferences (and not tools preferences). These findings indicate that functional connectivity can be used to index representational content rather than just provide an understanding of 'which regions are talking to which regions'. We suggest that the connectivity of the brain is what drives category-specificity in the ventral stream, and that if this is correct, then understanding the connectivity of the ventral stream will be key to understanding the causes and function of category-specific neural organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Chen
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, 14627, United States
| | - Frank E Garcea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, 14627, United States; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 14627, United States
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-802, Portugal; Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-802, Portugal
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, 14627, United States; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 14627, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester, 14627, United States.
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17
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Garcea FE, Chernoff BL, Diamond B, Lewis W, Sims MH, Tomlinson SB, Teghipco A, Belkhir R, Gannon SB, Erickson S, Smith SO, Stone J, Liu L, Tollefson T, Langfitt J, Marvin E, Pilcher WH, Mahon BZ. Direct Electrical Stimulation in the Human Brain Disrupts Melody Processing. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2684-2691.e7. [PMID: 28844645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) [1-4] and behavioral studies of patients with acquired or congenital amusia [5-8] suggest that the right posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) in the human brain is specialized for aspects of music processing (for review, see [9-12]). Intracranial electrical brain stimulation in awake neurosurgery patients is a powerful means to determine the computations supported by specific brain regions and networks [13-21] because it provides reversible causal evidence with high spatial resolution (for review, see [22, 23]). Prior intracranial stimulation or cortical cooling studies have investigated musical abilities related to reading music scores [13, 14] and singing familiar songs [24, 25]. However, individuals with amusia (congenitally, or from a brain injury) have difficulty humming melodies but can be spared for singing familiar songs with familiar lyrics [26]. Here we report a detailed study of a musician with a low-grade tumor in the right temporal lobe. Functional MRI was used pre-operatively to localize music processing to the right STG, and the patient subsequently underwent awake intraoperative mapping using direct electrical stimulation during a melody repetition task. Stimulation of the right STG induced "music arrest" and errors in pitch but did not affect language processing. These findings provide causal evidence for the functional segregation of music and language processing in the human brain and confirm a specific role of the right STG in melody processing. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; University of Rochester, Center for Language Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science, 274 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Benjamin L Chernoff
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Bram Diamond
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Wesley Lewis
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Maxwell H Sims
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Samuel B Tomlinson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Alexander Teghipco
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Raouf Belkhir
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Sarah B Gannon
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Steve Erickson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Susan O Smith
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jonathan Stone
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lynn Liu
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Trenton Tollefson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John Langfitt
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Elizabeth Marvin
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; University of Rochester, Eastman School of Music, 26 Gibbs Street, Rochester, NY 14604, USA
| | - Webster H Pilcher
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; University of Rochester, Center for Language Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science, 274 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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18
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Kristensen S, Garcea FE, Mahon BZ, Almeida J. Temporal Frequency Tuning Reveals Interactions between the Dorsal and Ventral Visual Streams. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:1295-302. [PMID: 27082048 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Visual processing of complex objects is supported by the ventral visual pathway in the service of object identification and by the dorsal visual pathway in the service of object-directed reaching and grasping. Here, we address how these two streams interact during tool processing, by exploiting the known asymmetry in projections of subcortical magnocellular and parvocellular inputs to the dorsal and ventral streams. The ventral visual pathway receives both parvocellular and magnocellular input, whereas the dorsal visual pathway receives largely magnocellular input. We used fMRI to measure tool preferences in parietal cortex when the images were presented at either high or low temporal frequencies, exploiting the fact that parvocellular channels project principally to the ventral but not dorsal visual pathway. We reason that regions of parietal cortex that exhibit tool preferences for stimuli presented at frequencies characteristic of the parvocellular pathway receive their inputs from the ventral stream. We found that the left inferior parietal lobule, in the vicinity of the supramarginal gyrus, exhibited tool preferences for images presented at low temporal frequencies, whereas superior and posterior parietal regions exhibited tool preferences for images present at high temporal frequencies. These data indicate that object identity, processed within the ventral stream, is communicated to the left inferior parietal lobule and may there combine with inputs from the dorsal visual pathway to allow for functionally appropriate object manipulation.
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19
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Erdogan G, Chen Q, Garcea FE, Mahon BZ, Jacobs RA. Multisensory Part-based Representations of Objects in Human Lateral Occipital Cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:869-81. [PMID: 26918587 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The format of high-level object representations in temporal-occipital cortex is a fundamental and as yet unresolved issue. Here we use fMRI to show that human lateral occipital cortex (LOC) encodes novel 3-D objects in a multisensory and part-based format. We show that visual and haptic exploration of objects leads to similar patterns of neural activity in human LOC and that the shared variance between visually and haptically induced patterns of BOLD contrast in LOC reflects the part structure of the objects. We also show that linear classifiers trained on neural data from LOC on a subset of the objects successfully predict a novel object based on its component part structure. These data demonstrate a multisensory code for object representations in LOC that specifies the part structure of objects.
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20
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Stasenko A, Bonn C, Teghipco A, Garcea FE, Sweet C, Dombovy M, McDonough J, Mahon BZ. A causal test of the motor theory of speech perception: a case of impaired speech production and spared speech perception. Cogn Neuropsychol 2015; 32:38-57. [PMID: 25951749 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2015.1035702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The debate about the causal role of the motor system in speech perception has been reignited by demonstrations that motor processes are engaged during the processing of speech sounds. Here, we evaluate which aspects of auditory speech processing are affected, and which are not, in a stroke patient with dysfunction of the speech motor system. We found that the patient showed a normal phonemic categorical boundary when discriminating two non-words that differ by a minimal pair (e.g., ADA-AGA). However, using the same stimuli, the patient was unable to identify or label the non-word stimuli (using a button-press response). A control task showed that he could identify speech sounds by speaker gender, ruling out a general labelling impairment. These data suggest that while the motor system is not causally involved in perception of the speech signal, it may be used when other cues (e.g., meaning, context) are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Stasenko
- a Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
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21
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Abstract
The appropriate use of everyday objects requires the integration of action and function knowledge. Previous research suggests that action knowledge is represented in frontoparietal areas while function knowledge is represented in temporal lobe regions. Here we used multivoxel pattern analysis to investigate the representation of object-directed action and function knowledge while participants executed pantomimes of familiar tool actions. A novel approach for decoding object knowledge was used in which classifiers were trained on one pair of objects and then tested on a distinct pair; this permitted a measurement of classification accuracy over and above object-specific information. Region of interest (ROI) analyses showed that object-directed actions could be decoded in tool-preferring regions of both parietal and temporal cortex, while no independently defined tool-preferring ROI showed successful decoding of object function. However, a whole-brain searchlight analysis revealed that while frontoparietal motor and peri-motor regions are engaged in the representation of object-directed actions, medial temporal lobe areas in the left hemisphere are involved in the representation of function knowledge. These results indicate that both action and function knowledge are represented in a topographically coherent manner that is amenable to study with multivariate approaches, and that the left medial temporal cortex represents knowledge of object function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Chen
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
| | - Frank E Garcea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA
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22
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Abstract
Manipulating a tool according to its function requires the integration of visual, conceptual, and motor information, a process subserved in part by left parietal cortex. How these different types of information are integrated and how their integration is reflected in neural responses in the parietal lobule remains an open question. Here, participants viewed images of tools and animals during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). k-Means clustering over time series data was used to parcellate left parietal cortex into subregions based on functional connectivity to a whole brain network of regions involved in tool processing. One cluster, in the inferior parietal cortex, expressed privileged functional connectivity to the left ventral premotor cortex. A second cluster, in the vicinity of the anterior intraparietal sulcus, expressed privileged functional connectivity with the left medial fusiform gyrus. A third cluster in the superior parietal lobe expressed privileged functional connectivity with dorsal occipital cortex. Control analyses using Monte Carlo style permutation tests demonstrated that the clustering solutions were outside the range of what would be observed based on chance 'lumpiness' in random data, or mere anatomical proximity. Finally, hierarchical clustering analyses were used to formally relate the resulting parcellation scheme of left parietal tool representations to previous work that has parcellated the left parietal lobule on purely anatomical grounds. These findings demonstrate significant heterogeneity in the functional organization of manipulable object representations in left parietal cortex, and outline a framework that generates novel predictions about the causes of some forms of upper limb apraxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester, USA.
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23
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Stasenko A, Garcea FE, Dombovy M, Mahon BZ. When concepts lose their color: a case of object-color knowledge impairment. Cortex 2014; 58:217-38. [PMID: 25058612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Color is important in our daily interactions with objects, and plays a role in both low- and high-level visual processing. Previous neuropsychological studies have shown that color perception and object-color knowledge can doubly dissociate, and that both can dissociate from processing of object form. We present a case study of an individual who displayed an impairment for knowledge of the typical colors of objects, with preserved color perception and color naming. Our case also presented with a pattern of, if anything, worse performance for naming living items compared to non-living things. The findings of the experimental investigation are evaluated in light of two theories of conceptual organization in the brain: the Sensory/Functional Theory and the Domain-Specific Hypothesis. The dissociations observed in this case compel a model in which sensory/motor modality and semantic domain jointly constrain the organization of object knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Stasenko
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, USA
| | - Frank E Garcea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, USA
| | - Mary Dombovy
- Department of Neurology, Unity Hospital, Rochester, USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, USA.
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Abstract
Motor theories of perception posit that motor information is necessary for successful recognition of actions. Perhaps the most well known of this class of proposals is the motor theory of speech perception, which argues that speech recognition is fundamentally a process of identifying the articulatory gestures (i.e. motor representations) that were used to produce the speech signal. Here we review neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the motor system, in the context of motor theories of perception applied to both manual actions and speech. Motor theories of perception predict that patients with motor impairments will have impairments for action recognition. Contrary to that prediction, the available neuropsychological evidence indicates that recognition can be spared despite profound impairments to production. These data falsify strong forms of the motor theory of perception, and frame new questions about the dynamical interactions that govern how information is exchanged between input and output systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Stasenko
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, USA
| | - Frank E. Garcea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, USA
| | - Bradford Z. Mahon
- Meliora Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA; Center for Language Sciences, University of Rochester, USA
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25
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Garcea FE, Dombovy M, Mahon BZ. Preserved tool knowledge in the context of impaired action knowledge: implications for models of semantic memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:120. [PMID: 23641205 PMCID: PMC3638130 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have observed that the motor system is activated when processing the semantics of manipulable objects. Such phenomena have been taken as evidence that simulation over motor representations is a necessary and intermediary step in the process of conceptual understanding. Cognitive neuropsychological evaluations of patients with impairments for action knowledge permit a direct test of the necessity of motor simulation in conceptual processing. Here, we report the performance of a 47-year-old male individual (Case AA) and six age-matched control participants on a number of tests probing action and object knowledge. Case AA had a large left-hemisphere frontal-parietal lesion and hemiplegia affecting his right arm and leg. Case AA presented with impairments for object-associated action production, and his conceptual knowledge of actions was severely impaired. In contrast, his knowledge of objects such as tools and other manipulable objects was largely preserved. The dissociation between action and object knowledge is difficult to reconcile with strong forms of the embodied cognition hypothesis. We suggest that these, and other similar findings, point to the need to develop tractable hypotheses about the dynamics of information exchange among sensory, motor and conceptual processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester Rochester, NY, USA
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Mahon BZ, Garcea FE, Navarrete E. Picture-word interference and the response-exclusion hypothesis: a response to Mulatti and Coltheart. Cortex 2011; 48:373-7. [PMID: 22130091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, NY 14627-0268, USA.
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