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Peixoto JF, Gonçalves-Oliveira LF, Souza-Silva F, de Castro Côrtes LM, Finkelstein LC, Dias-Lopes G, Patricio BFDC, Lima CGDS, Rocha HVA, da Silva FDC, Ferreira VF, Pereira BAS, Alves CR. Efficacy of the treatment using a microemulsion loaded with epoxy-α-lapachone in combination with meglumine antimoniate against murine infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2024; 24:100525. [PMID: 38359731 PMCID: PMC10875245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania spp., affecting millions of people around the world. For decades, its treatment has been based on pentavalent antimonials, which notoriously cause toxic side effects in patients. In this study, epoxy-α-lapachone incorporated into an oil-in-water-type microemulsion (ELAP-ME) and meglumine antimoniate (MA) were assayed in monotherapy and in combination (ELAP-ME/MA) in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. In general, there was a reduction in paw lesion size (up to 37% reduction) and decreases of parasite loads in the footpad (∼40%) and lymph nodes (∼31%) of animals treated with ELAP-ME/MA, when compared to the non-treated control groups. Analyses of serum biochemical parameters revealed that the ELAP-ME/MA showed lower renal and hepatic toxicity when compared to MA 2-doses/week monotherapy. These findings indicate that the ELAP-ME/MA combination may be a promising approach for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Figueiredo Peixoto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas - Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Filipe Gonçalves-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas - Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Iguaçu - Avenida Abílio Augusto Távora 2134, CEP 26260-045, Dom Rodrigo, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luzia Monteiro de Castro Côrtes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas - Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Léa Cysne Finkelstein
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia - Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Geovane Dias-Lopes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas - Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Ferreira de Carvalho Patricio
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Laboratório de Micro e Nanotecnologia - Avenida Brasil 4036, CEP 21040361, Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Biomédico, Laboratório de Farmacologia - Rua Frei Caneca 94, CEP 20211040, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Guimarães de Souza Lima
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica - Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, CEP 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helvécio Vinícius Antunes Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Biomédico, Laboratório de Farmacologia - Rua Frei Caneca 94, CEP 20211040, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Carvalho da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica - Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, CEP 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica - Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, CEP 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica - Rua Dr. Mario Vianna 523, Santa Rosa, CEP 24241-002, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Acácio Santini Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas - Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia - Avenida Marquês do Paraná, 303, CEP 24033-900, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas - Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Oliveira AS, Aredes-Riguetti LM, Pereira BAS, Alves CR, Souza-Silva F. Degron Pathways and Leishmaniasis: Debating Potential Roles of Leishmania spp. Proteases Activity on Guiding Hosts Immune Response and Their Relevance to the Development of Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1015. [PMID: 37376405 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Degrons are short peptide sequences that signalize target sites for protein degradation by proteases. Herein, we bring forth the discussion on degrons present in proteins related to the immune system of Mus musculus that are potential targets for cysteine and serine proteases of Leishmania spp. and their possible roles on host immune regulation by parasites. The Merops database was used to identify protease substrates and proteases sequence motifs, while MAST/MEME Suite was applied to find degron motifs in murine cytokines (IFN-y, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17) and transcription factors (NF-kappaB, STAT-1, AP-1, CREB, and BACH2). STRING tool was used to construct an interaction network for the immune factors and SWISS-MODEL server to generate three-dimensional models of proteins. In silico assays confirm the occurrence of degrons in the selected immune response factors. Further analyses were conducted only in those with resolved three-dimensional structures. The predicted interaction network of degron-containing M. musculus proteins shows the possibility that the specific activity of parasite proteases could interfere with the trend of Th1/Th2 immune responses. Data suggest that degrons may play a role in the immune responses in leishmaniases as targets for parasite proteases activity, directing the degradation of specific immune-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lara Mata Aredes-Riguetti
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Iguaçu, Avenida Abílio Augusto Távora, 2134, Dom Rodrigo, Nova Iguaçu 26260-100, RJ, Brazil
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Peixoto JF, Gonçalves-Oliveira LF, Souza-Silva F, Côrtes LMDC, Dias-Lopes G, Cardoso FDO, Santos RDO, Patricio BFDC, Nicoletti CD, Lima CGDS, Calabrese KDS, Moreira DDL, Rocha HVA, da Silva FDC, Ferreira VF, Alves CR. Development of a microemulsion loaded with epoxy-α-lapachone against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis murine infection. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122864. [PMID: 36934883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy-α-lapachone (ELAP), an oxirane-functionalized molecule synthesized from naturally occurring lapachol, has shown promising activity against murine infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Herein, we report the successful development of oil-in-water-type (o/w) microemulsions (ME) loaded with ELAP (ELAP-ME) using Capmul MCM, Labrasol, and PEG 400. Stability studies revealed that ELAP-ME (100 µg/mL of ELAP), which was comprised of globule size smaller than 120.4 ± 7.7 nm, displayed a good stability profile over 73 days. ELAP-ME had an effect in BALB/c mice infected with L. (L.) amazonensis, causing reductions in paw lesions after two weeks of treatment (∼2-fold) when compared to untreated animals. Furthermore, there was also a reduction in the parasite load both in the footpad (60.3%) and in the lymph nodes (31.5%). Based on these findings, ELAP-ME emerges as a promising treatment for tegumentar leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Figueiredo Peixoto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Filipe Gonçalves-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Iguaçu, Avenida Abílio Augusto Távora 2134, CEP 26260-045, Dom Rodrigo, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luzia Monteiro de Castro Côrtes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Geovane Dias-Lopes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Oliveira Cardoso
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Oliveira Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos, Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Sizenando Nabuco 100, CEP 21041250, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Rua Pacheco Leão 15, CEP 22460-030, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Ferreira de Carvalho Patricio
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Laboratório de Micro e Nanotecnologia, Avenida Brasil 4036, CEP 21040361, Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Biomédico, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Rua Frei Caneca 94, Centro, CEP 20211040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Deckmann Nicoletti
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, CEP 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Guimarães de Souza Lima
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, CEP 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Silva Calabrese
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Davyson de Lima Moreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos, Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Sizenando Nabuco 100, CEP 21041250, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Rua Pacheco Leão 15, CEP 22460-030, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helvécio Vinícius Antunes Rocha
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Laboratório de Micro e Nanotecnologia, Avenida Brasil 4036, CEP 21040361, Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Carvalho da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, CEP 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, CEP 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Rua Dr. Mario Vianna 523, Santa Rosa, CEP 24241-002, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Peixoto JF, Oliveira ADS, Gonçalves-Oliveira LF, Souza-Silva F, Alves CR. Epoxy-α-lapachone (2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-naphtho[2,3-b]pyran-10,2'-oxirane]-5(10H)-one): a promising molecule to control infections caused by protozoan parasites. Braz J Infect Dis 2023; 27:102743. [PMID: 36731538 PMCID: PMC9932704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2023.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives have been sources of search and research for new drugs for the treatment of neglected diseases. Naphthoquinones, a special group of quinones, are products of natural metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activities and represent a group of interesting molecules for new therapeutic propositions. Among these compounds, lapachol stands out as a molecule from the heartwood of Tabebuia sp. whose structural changes resulted in compounds considered promising, such as epoxy-α-lapachone (ELAP). The biological activity of ELAP has been demonstrated, so far, for parasitic protozoa such as Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium spp., species causing diseases needing new drug development and adequate health policy. This work gathers in vitro and in vivo studies on these parasites, as well as the toxicity profile, and the probable mechanisms of action elucidated until then. The potential of ELAP-based technology alternatives for a further drug is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Figueiredo Peixoto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriane da Silva Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Filipe Gonçalves-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Zabala-Peñafiel A, Dias-Lopes G, Souza-Silva F, Miranda LFC, Conceição-Silva F, Alves CR. Assessing the effect of antimony pressure on trypanothione reductase activity in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Biochimie 2022; 208:86-92. [PMID: 36586564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania parasites have an oxidative and chemical defense mechanism called trypanothione system (T[SH]2), the most abundant thiol system in trypanosomatids. This system has a central role in processing pentavalent antimony and resistance has been related to a better capacity to metabolize it through the activation of T[SH]2 enzymatic cascade. A biochemical approach was applied to assess the effect of trivalent (SbIII) and pentavalent antimony (SbV) on Trypanothione Reductase (TR) activity of two Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis clinical isolates, which were labeled as responder (R) and non-responder (NR) after patient treatment with Glucantime®. Both isolates were characterized based on in vitro susceptibility to SbIII and SbV and trypanothione reductase (TR) activity. SbIII and SbV discriminated susceptibility profiles in all parasite forms, since isolate NR had significantly higher EC50 values than isolate R. Differences were observed in TR activity between promastigotes, axenic amastigotes and intracellular amastigotes: R (0.439 ± 0.009, 0.103 ± 0.01 and 0.185 ± 0.01AU.min-1.μg of protein-1) and NR (1.083 ± 0.04, 0.914 ± 0.04 and 0.343 ± 0.04 AU. min-1.μg of protein-1), respectively. Incubation with SbIII and SbV using each form EC50 value caused a time-dependent differential effect on TR activity suggesting that oxidative defense is related to the antimony susceptibility phenotype. Data gathered here shows a biochemical approach able to discriminate two L. (V.) braziliensis clinical isolates measurements TR activity of promastigotes, axenic amastigotes and intracellular amastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zabala-Peñafiel
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Dias-Lopes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - F Souza-Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Iguaçu, Dom Rodrigo, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L F C Miranda
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - F Conceição-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - C R Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Zabala-Peñafiel A, Cysne-Finkelstein L, Conceição-Silva F, Fagundes A, Miranda LDFC, Souza-Silva F, Brandt AAML, Dias-Lopes G, Alves CR. Novel Insights Into Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis In Vitro Fitness Guided by Temperature Changes Along With Its Subtilisins and Oligopeptidase B. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:805106. [PMID: 35531337 PMCID: PMC9069558 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.805106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases are virulence factors with a recognized impact on the Leishmania spp. life cycle. This study considers a set of analyses measuring phenotypic factors of L. (V.) braziliensis clinical isolates as promastigotes growth curves, murine peritoneal macrophages infection, inflammatory mediators production, and serine proteases gene expression (subtilisin 13: S13, subtilisin 28: S28, oligopeptidase B: OPB) assessing these isolates’ fitness on in vitro conditions. Parasites had different behavior during the early growth phase from day zero to day three, and all isolates reached the stationary growth phase between days four and seven. Macrophages infection showed two tendencies, one of decreased infection rate and number of parasites per macrophage (Infection Index <1000) and another with a constant infection index (≥1400). TNF-α (≥10 pg/mL) detected in infections by 75% of isolates, IL-6 (≥80 pg/mL) by 30% of isolates and low levels of NO (≥0.01µM) in almost all infections. Gene expression showed higher values of S13 (≥2RQ) in the intracellular amastigotes of all the isolates evaluated. On the contrary, S28 expression was low (≤1RQ) in all isolates. OPB expression was different between promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, being significantly higher (≥2RQ) in the latter form of 58% of the isolates. Predictive structural assays of S13 and OPB were performed to explore temperature influence on gene expression and the encoded proteases. Gene expression data is discussed based on in silico predictions of regulatory regions that show plasticity in the linearity index of secondary structures of S13 and OPB 3’-untranslated regions of mRNA, dependent on temperature changes. While hairpin structures suggest an active region of mRNA for both genes above 26°C, pseudoknot structure found in S13 is an indication of a particular profile of this gene at mammalian host temperatures (37°C). Furthermore, the predicted 3D structures are in accordance with the influence of these temperatures on the catalytic site stability of both enzymes, favoring their action over peptide substrates. Data gathered here suggest that L. (V.) braziliensis serine proteases can be influenced by the temperature conditions affecting parasite fitness throughout its life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Zabala-Peñafiel
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lea Cysne-Finkelstein
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fatima Conceição-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Fagundes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Freitas Campos Miranda
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Iguaçu, Dom Rodrigo, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Artur A. M. L. Brandt
- Departamento de Computação e Sistemas, Faculdade de Educação Tecnológica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Univeritas-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Geovane Dias-Lopes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Geovane Dias-Lopes, ; Carlos Roberto Alves,
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Geovane Dias-Lopes, ; Carlos Roberto Alves,
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Lechuga GC, Souza-Silva F, Sacramento CQ, Trugilho MRO, Valente RH, Napoleão-Pêgo P, Dias SSG, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Temerozo JR, Carels N, Alves CR, Pereira MCS, Provance DW, Souza TML, De-Simone SG. SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Bind to Hemoglobin and Its Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9035. [PMID: 34445741 PMCID: PMC8396565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been linked to hematological dysfunctions, but there are little experimental data that explain this. Spike (S) and Nucleoprotein (N) proteins have been putatively associated with these dysfunctions. In this work, we analyzed the recruitment of hemoglobin (Hb) and other metabolites (hemin and protoporphyrin IX-PpIX) by SARS-Cov2 proteins using different approaches. (2) Methods: shotgun proteomics (LC-MS/MS) after affinity column adsorption identified hemin-binding SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The parallel synthesis of the peptides technique was used to study the interaction of the receptor bind domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain (NTD) of the S protein with Hb and in silico analysis to identify the binding motifs of the N protein. The plaque assay was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of Hb and the metabolites hemin and PpIX on virus adsorption and replication in Vero cells. (3) Results: the proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS identified the S, N, M, Nsp3, and Nsp7 as putative hemin-binding proteins. Six short sequences in the RBD and 11 in the NTD of the spike were identified by microarray of peptides to interact with Hb and tree motifs in the N protein by in silico analysis to bind with heme. An inhibitory effect in vitro of Hb, hemin, and PpIX at different levels was observed. Strikingly, free Hb at 1mM suppressed viral replication (99%), and its interaction with SARS-CoV-2 was localized into the RBD region of the spike protein. (4) Conclusions: in this study, we identified that (at least) five proteins (S, N, M, Nsp3, and Nsp7) of SARS-CoV-2 recruit Hb/metabolites. The motifs of the RDB of SARS-CoV-2 spike, which binds Hb, and the sites of the heme bind-N protein were disclosed. In addition, these compounds and PpIX block the virus's adsorption and replication. Furthermore, we also identified heme-binding motifs and interaction with hemin in N protein and other structural (S and M) and non-structural (Nsp3 and Nsp7) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme C. Lechuga
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Celular Ultrastructure, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Biology and Heath Science Faculty, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu 26260-045, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Monique R. O. Trugilho
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Toxinology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Richard H. Valente
- Laboratory of Toxinology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
| | - Suelen S. G. Dias
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Jairo R. Temerozo
- Laboratory of Thymus Research, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
- FIOCRUZ, National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT/NIM), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Carels
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Biology and Heath Science Faculty, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu 26260-045, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Alves
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Mirian C. S. Pereira
- Laboratory of Celular Ultrastructure, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - David W. Provance
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
| | - Thiago M. L. Souza
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Salvatore G. De-Simone
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
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Dias-Lopes G, Zabala-Peñafiel A, de Albuquerque-Melo BC, Souza-Silva F, Menaguali do Canto L, Cysne-Finkelstein L, Alves CR. Axenic amastigotes of Leishmania species as a suitable model for in vitro studies. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105956. [PMID: 33979642 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania spp. are etiological agents of infection diseases, which in some cases can be fatal. The main forms of their biological cycle, promastigotes and amastigotes, can be maintained in vitro. While promastigotes are easier to maintain, amastigotes are more complex and can be obtained through different ways, including infection assays of tissues or in vitro cells, and differentiation from promastigotes to axenic amastigotes. Several protocols have been proposed for in vitro differentiation for at least 12 Leishmania spp. of both subgenera, Leishmania and Viannia. In this review we propose a critical summary of axenic amastigotes induction, as well as the impact of these strategies on metabolic pathways and regulatory networks analyzed by omics approaches. The parameters used by different research groups show considerable variations in temperature, pH and induction stages, as highlighted here for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Therefore, a consensus on strategies for inducing amastigogenesis is necessary to improve accuracy and even define stage-specific biomarkers. In fact, the axenic amastigote model has contributed to elucidate several aspects of the parasite cycle, however, since it does not reproduce the intracellular environment, its use requires several precautions. In addition, we present a discussion about using axenic amastigotes for drug screening, suggesting the need of a more sensitive methodology to verify cell viability in these tests. Collectively, this review explores the advantages and limitations found in studies with axenic amastigotes, done for more than 30 years, and discuss the gaps that impair their use as a suitable model for in vitro studies.
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Peixoto JF, Oliveira ADS, Monteiro PQ, Gonçalves-Oliveira LF, Andrade-Neto VV, Ferreira VF, Souza-Silva F, Alves CR. In Silico Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Epoxy-α-Lapachone and Epoxymethyl-Lawsone in Leishmania spp. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123537. [PMID: 34200517 PMCID: PMC8229338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy-α-lapachone (Lap) and Epoxymethyl-lawsone (Law) are oxiranes derived from Lapachol and have been shown to be promising drugs for Leishmaniases treatment. Although, it is known the action spectrum of both compounds affect the Leishmania spp. multiplication, there are gaps in the molecular binding details of target enzymes related to the parasite’s physiology. Molecular docking assays simulations were performed using DockThor server to predict the preferred orientation of both compounds to form stable complexes with key enzymes of metabolic pathway, electron transport chain, and lipids metabolism of Leishmania spp. This study showed the hit rates of both compounds interacting with lanosterol C-14 demethylase (−8.4 kcal/mol to −7.4 kcal/mol), cytochrome c (−10.2 kcal/mol to −8.8 kcal/mol), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (−8.5 kcal/mol to −7.5 kcal/mol) according to Leishmania spp. and assessed compounds. The set of molecular evidence reinforces the potential of both compounds as multi-target drugs for interrupt the network interactions between parasite enzymes, which can lead to a better efficacy of drugs for the treatment of leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Figueiredo Peixoto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (J.F.P.); (A.d.S.O.); or (P.Q.M.); (L.F.G.-O.)
| | - Adriane da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (J.F.P.); (A.d.S.O.); or (P.Q.M.); (L.F.G.-O.)
| | - Patrícia Queiroz Monteiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (J.F.P.); (A.d.S.O.); or (P.Q.M.); (L.F.G.-O.)
| | - Luiz Filipe Gonçalves-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (J.F.P.); (A.d.S.O.); or (P.Q.M.); (L.F.G.-O.)
| | - Valter Viana Andrade-Neto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24241-002, Brazil;
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Iguaçu, Avenida Abílio Augusto Távora, 2134, Dom Rodrigo, Nova Iguaçu CEP 26260-045, Brazil
- Correspondence: (F.S.-S.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (J.F.P.); (A.d.S.O.); or (P.Q.M.); (L.F.G.-O.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.-S.); (C.R.A.)
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10
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Barral-Veloso L, Melo BCDA, Santos-de-Souza R, Cysne-Finkelstein L, Souza-Silva F, Santos FN, Sousa JFD, Alves CR. Reactivity of sera from dogs living in a leishmaniasis-endemic area to the COOH-terminal region of cysteine proteinase B. Braz J Infect Dis 2020; 24:201-207. [PMID: 32343952 PMCID: PMC9392045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine proteinases are well-known virulence factors of Leishmania spp. with demonstrated actions in both experimental mouse infection and human infection. However, studies on these enzymes in canine leishmaniasis are scarce. Here, we show, for the first time, the reactivity of sera from dogs living in an endemic area to a recombinant protein from the COOH-terminal region of cysteine B protease. In this work, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed using a 14kDa rcyspep protein obtained through a pET28-a expression system in Escherichia coli. First, 96-well plates were coated with rcyspep (500ng/well) and incubated with sera from dogs (1:100). Subsequently, IgG antibody detection was performed using rabbit anti-dog IgG antibodies conjugated with peroxidase. Sera from dogs (n=114), including suspect (n=30) and positive (n=50) dogs from a leishmaniasis-endemic area and dogs from a nonendemic area, (n=34), negative for leishmaniasis, were assessed. The results showed that sera from the suspect (42%) and positive (68%) groups responded differently to the antigen titers tested above the cut-off (Optical Density=0.166). This finding suggests that the immune response detected against cyspep may be related to clinical disorders present in these animals. Collectively, the data gathered here suggest that cyspep can sensitize the immune systems of dogs from a leishmaniasis-endemic area to elicit a humoral response, an immunological parameter indicating the contribution of this protein in host-parasite interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barral-Veloso
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Santos-de-Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Léa Cysne-Finkelstein
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nunes Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunodiagnóstico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Monteiro M, Lechuga G, Lara L, Souto B, Viganó M, Bourguignon S, Calvet C, Oliveira F, Alves C, Souza-Silva F, Santos M, Pereira M. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and trypanocidal activity of pyrazole-imidazoline and new pyrazole-tetrahydropyrimidine hybrids as promising chemotherapeutic agents for Chagas disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gonçalves-Oliveira LF, Souza-Silva F, de Castro Côrtes LM, Veloso LB, Santini Pereira BA, Cysne-Finkelstein L, Lechuga GC, Bourguignon SC, Almeida-Souza F, da Silva Calabrese K, Ferreira VF, Alves CR. The combination therapy of meglumine antimoniate and oxiranes (epoxy-α-lapachone and epoxymethyl-lawsone) enhance the leishmanicidal effect in mice infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019; 10:101-108. [PMID: 31430693 PMCID: PMC6712286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis includes pentavalent antimonials as first-line drugs, but this therapy has shown severe adverse effects. An alternative to minimize this issue is based on combination therapy scheme with other drugs. In this study we analyzed the potential of the association of meglumine antimoniate (MA) with the oxiranes epoxy-α-lapachone (LAP) or epoxymethyl-lawsone (LAW). Results demonstrated that association between these drugs enhanced leishmanicidal activity on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection. The compounds were tested in monotherapy or in combinations (3:1; 1:1 and 1:3) and reduced intracellular parasite numbers, measured by the endocytic index, in all tested conditions. The most effective combination regimens were MA/LAP or MA/LAW in 3:1 ratio, which achieved a reduction of 98.3% and 93.6% in the endocytic index, respectively. BALB/c mice challenged with L. (L.) amazonensis showed significant reduction in lesion size and parasite load in both footpad and lymph nodes, after four weeks of treatment. Although, MA, LAP or LAW monotherapy were able to control the evolution of lesions when compared to untreated animals (30%, 40% and 40% of reduction, respectively), the combination of MA/LAP and LAW in 3:1 ratio showed better results reducing 61.7 and 54.4%, respectively. The results indicate that the association of meglumine antimoniate to oxiranes lead to an increment in the antileishmanial activity and represent a promising approach for the cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment. Meglumine antimoniate with oxiranes enhanced effect against Leishmania infection. The most effective treatment in vitro infection was observed in a 3:1 ratio. Mice treatment with drugs caused reductions in lesion size and parasite load. Antimony-based combination has the potential for leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Filipe Gonçalves-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil n(o) 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil n(o) 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Avenida Brasil n(o) 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luzia Monteiro de Castro Côrtes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil n(o) 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Laura Barral Veloso
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil n(o) 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Acácio Santini Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil n(o) 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lea Cysne-Finkelstein
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Avenida Brasil n(o) 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Curty Lechuga
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Av. Brasil n(o) 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Saulo Cabral Bourguignon
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Interação Celular e Molecular, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, Centro, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Almeida-Souza
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Av. Lourenço Vieira da Silva no 1000, Jardim São Cristóvão, 65055-310, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Avenida Brasil n(o) 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Kátia da Silva Calabrese
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Avenida Brasil n(o) 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Rua Doutor Mário Viana n(o) 523- Santa Rosa, 24241-002, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil n(o) 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
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Santos-de-Souza R, Monteiro de Castro Côrtes L, Dos Santos Charret K, Cysne-Finkelstein L, Alves CR, Souza-Silva F. Serine Proteinases in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Promastigotes Have Distinct Subcellular Distributions and Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061315. [PMID: 30875904 PMCID: PMC6471289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteinases in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigotes were assessed in this work. This study included the investigation of the enzymatic activity of subcellular fractions obtained from benzamidine affinity chromatography, reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions, and in silico assays of subcellular localization of subtilisin. Promastigote serine proteinases showed gelatinolytic activity with molecular masses of 43 kDa to 170 kDa in the cytosolic fraction and 67 kDa to 170 kDa in the membranous fraction. Serine proteinase activities were detected using N-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-arginine 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Z-FR-AMC) and N-succinyl-l-alanine-l-phenylalanine-l-lysine 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Suc-AFK-AMC) as substrates in the cytosolic fraction (Z-FR-AMC = 392 ± 30 µmol.min−1 mg of protein−1 and Suc-AFK-AMC = 252 ± 20 µmol.min−1 mg of protein−1) and in the membranous fraction (Z-FR-AMC = 53 ± 5 µmol.min−1 mg of protein−1 and Suc-AFK-AMC = 63.6 ± 6.5 µmol.min−1 mg of protein−1). Enzyme specificity was shown by inhibition with aprotinin (19% to 80% inhibition) and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (3% to 69%), depending on the subcellular fraction and substrate. The expression of subtilisin (LbrM.13.0860 and LbrM.28.2570) and tryparedoxin peroxidase (LbrM.15.1080) genes was observed by the detection of RNA transcripts 200 bp, 162 bp, and 166 bp long, respectively. Subsequent in silico assays showed LbrM.13.0860 can be located in the cytosol and LbrM.28.2570 in the membrane of the parasite. Data obtained here show the subcellular distribution and expression of serine proteinases, including the subtilisin-like serine proteinases in L. (V.) braziliensis promastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Santos-de-Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Luzia Monteiro de Castro Côrtes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Karen Dos Santos Charret
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Léa Cysne-Finkelstein
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
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Oliveira LFG, Souza-Silva F, Cysne-Finkelstein L, Rabelo K, Amorim JF, Azevedo ADS, Bourguignon SC, Ferreira VF, Paes MV, Alves CR. Evidence for Tissue Toxicity in BALB/c Exposed to a Long-Term Treatment with Oxiranes Compared to Meglumine Antimoniate. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017:9840210. [PMID: 28798938 PMCID: PMC5535747 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9840210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis remains a serious public health problem in developing countries without effective control, whether by vaccination or chemotherapy. Part of the failure of leishmaniasis control is due to the lack of new less toxic and more effective drugs able to eliminate both the lesions and the parasite. Oxiranes derived from naphthoquinones now being assayed are promising drugs for the treatment of this group of diseases. The predicted pharmacokinetic properties and toxicological profiles of epoxy-α-lapachone and epoxymethoxy-lawsone have now been compared to those of meglumine antimoniate, and histological changes induced by these drugs in noninfected BALB/c mice tissues are described. Effects of these compounds on liver, kidney, lung, heart, and cerebral tissues of healthy mice were examined. The data presented show that both these oxiranes and meglumine antimoniate induce changes in all BALB/c mice tissues, with the lung, heart, and brain being the most affected. Epoxymethoxy-lawsone was the most toxic to lung tissue, while most severe damage was caused in the heart by epoxy-α-lapachone. Meglumine antimoniate caused mild-to-moderate changes in heart and lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Filipe Gonçalves Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Léa Cysne-Finkelstein
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kíssila Rabelo
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, No. 87, Vila Isabel, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fernandes Amorim
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Souza Azevedo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Saulo Cabral Bourguignon
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista S/N, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista S/N, Centro, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marciano Viana Paes
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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15
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Brandt AML, Batista PR, Souza-Silva F, Alves CR, Caffarena ER. Exploring the unbinding of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis CPB derived-epitopes from H2 MHC class I proteins. Proteins 2016; 84:473-87. [PMID: 26798994 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
New strategies to control Leishmania disease demand an extensive knowledge about several aspects of infection including the understanding of its molecular events. In murine models, cysteine proteinase B from Leishmania amazonensis promotes regulation of immune response, and fragments from its C-terminus extension (cyspep) can play a decisive role in the host-parasite interaction. The interaction between cyspep-derived peptides and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins is a crucial factor in Leishmania infections. Seven cyspep-derived peptides, previously identified as capable of interacting with H-2 (murine) MHC class I proteins, were studied in this work. We established a protocol to simulate the unbinding of these peptides from the cleft of H-2 receptors. From the simulations, we estimated the corresponding free energy of dissociation (ΔGd ) and described the molecular events that occur during the exit of peptides from the cleft. To test the reliability of this method, we first applied it to a calibration set of four crystallographic MHC/peptide complexes. Next, we explored the unbinding of the seven complexes mentioned above. Results were consistent with ΔGd values obtained from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. We also identified some of the primary interactions between peptides and H-2 receptors, and we detected three regions of influence for the interaction. This pattern was systematically observed for the peptides and helped determine a minimum distance for the real interaction between peptides and H-2 proteins occurring at ∼ 25 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur M L Brandt
- Programa De Computação Científica (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21040-360, Brazil.,Faculdade De Educação Tecnológica Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro (FAETERJ), Rio De Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21311-280, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Programa De Computação Científica (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Laboratório De Biologia Molecular E Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratório De Biologia Molecular E Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Raul Caffarena
- Programa De Computação Científica (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21040-360, Brazil
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Borges PV, Moret KH, Maya-Monteiro CM, Souza-Silva F, Alves CR, Batista PR, Caffarena ER, Pacheco P, Henriques MDG, Penido C. Gedunin Binds to Myeloid Differentiation Protein 2 and Impairs Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling in Macrophages. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:949-61. [PMID: 26330549 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by innate immune system is mediated by the cluster of differentiation 14/Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2) complex. In this study, we investigated the modulatory effect of gedunin, a limonoid from species of the Meliaceae family described as a heat shock protein Hsp90 inhibitor, on LPS-induced response in immortalized murine macrophages. The pretreatment of wild-type (WT) macrophages with gedunin (0.01-100 µM, noncytotoxic concentrations) inhibited LPS (50 ng/ml)-induced calcium influx, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. The selective effect of gedunin on MyD88-adapter-like/myeloid differentiation primary response 88- and TRIF-related adaptor molecule/TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β-dependent signaling pathways was further investigated. The pretreatment of WT, TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β knockout, and MyD88 adapter-like knockout macrophages with gedunin (10 µM) significantly inhibited LPS (50 ng/ml)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production, at 6 hours and 24 hours, suggesting that gedunin modulates a common event between both signaling pathways. Furthermore, gedunin (10 µM) inhibited LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 production, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and nuclear factor κB translocation into the nucleus of WT macrophages, demonstrating a wide-range effect of this chemical compound. In addition to the ability to inhibit LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators, gedunin also triggered anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-10, heme oxygenase-1, and Hsp70 in macrophages stimulated or not with LPS. In silico modeling studies revealed that gedunin efficiently docked into the MD-2 LPS binding site, a phenomenon further confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. Our results reveal that, in addition to Hsp90 modulation, gedunin acts as a competitive inhibitor of LPS, blocking the formation of the Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2/LPS complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Villani Borges
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katelim Hottz Moret
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Menezes Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Raúl Caffarena
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pacheco
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Henriques
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen Penido
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pereira BAS, Souza-Silva F, Silva-Almeida M, Santos-de-Souza R, Gonçalves de Oliveira LF, Ribeiro-Guimarães ML, Alves CR. Proteinase inhibitors: a promising drug class for treating leishmaniasis. Curr Drug Targets 2015; 15:1121-31. [PMID: 25323706 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666141016150007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review presents and discusses the current status and perspectives of leishmaniasis treatment, with a special focus on the use of proteinase inhibitors. The history of treatment development, the first- and second-choice modern drugs and the advantages and disadvantages of using proteinases inhibitors as leishmanicidal treatments are presented and discussed. The reports gathered herein confirm the potential usefulness of proteinases inhibitors as an alternative or complement to the current leishmaniasis treatments. They also support the hypothesis that a combined treatment with multiple proteinase inhibitors may be efficient against Leishmania infections in vertebrate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endemicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365 Pavilhao Leonidas Deane, sala 209A, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - CEP: 21040-900, Brasil.
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Souza-Silva F, do Nascimento SB, Bourguignon SC, Pereira BAS, Carneiro PF, da Silva WS, Alves CR, de Pinho RT. Evidences for leishmanicidal activity of the naphthoquinone derivative epoxy-α-lapachone. Exp Parasitol 2014; 147:81-4. [PMID: 25307687 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we analyze the leishmanicidal effects of epoxy-α-lapachone on Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Promasigotes and amastigotes (inhabiting human macrophages) from both species were assayed to verify the compound's activity over the distinct morphological stages. The incubation with epoxy-α-lapachone led to a significant decrease in the numbers of promastigotes from both species in the cultures, in a dose-and time-dependent fashion. The survival of amastigotes inhabiting human macrophages was also drastically affected by the compound, as shown by the variations in the endocytic index. Our results indicate that the epoxy-α-lapachone has an antiparasitic effect over Leishmania in both morphological stages and may potentially affect a range of species in two distinct subgenera of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Souza-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Av. Brasil, 4365, Maguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Samara Braga do Nascimento
- Instituto de Biologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Baptista s/n - Centro, Niterói, CEP 24020-150 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Saulo Cabral Bourguignon
- Instituto de Biologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Baptista s/n - Centro, Niterói, CEP 24020-150 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Acácio Santini Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Av. Brasil, 4365, Maguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernandes Carneiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária CEP 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wellington Seguis da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Av. Brasil, 4365, Maguinhos, CEP 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Av. Brasil, 4365, Maguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosa Teixeira de Pinho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Av. Brasil, 4365, Maguinhos, CEP 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Silva-Almeida M, Souza-Silva F, Pereira BAS, Ribeiro-Guimarães ML, Alves CR. Overview of the organization of protease genes in the genome of Leishmania spp. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:387. [PMID: 25142315 PMCID: PMC4158035 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Leishmania includes protozoan parasites that are able to infect an array of phlebotomine and vertebrate species. Proteases are related to the capacity of these parasites to infect and survive in their hosts and are therefore classified as virulence factors. Findings By analyzing protease genes annotated in the genomes of four Leishmania spp [Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, L. (L.) major, L. (L.) mexicana and L. (Viannia) braziliensis], these genes were found on every chromosome of these protozoa. Four protease classes were studied: metallo-, serine, cysteine and aspartic proteases. Metalloprotease genes predominate in the L. (V.) braziliensis genome, while in the other three species studied, cysteine protease genes prevail. Notably, cysteine and serine protease genes were found to be very abundant, as they were found on all chromosomes of the four studied species. In contrast, only three aspartic protease genes could be detected in these four species. Regarding gene conservation, a higher number of conserved alleles was observed for cysteine proteases (42 alleles), followed by metalloproteases (35 alleles) and serine proteases (15 alleles). Conclusions The present study highlights substantial differences in the organization of protease genes among L. (L.) infantum, L. (L.) major, L. (L.) mexicana and L. (V.) braziliensis. We observed significant distinctions in many protease features, such as occurrence, quantity and conservation. These data indicate a great diversity of protease genes among Leishmania species, an aspect that may be related to their adaptations to the peculiarities of each microenvironment they inhabit, such as the gut of phlebotomines and the immune cells of vertebrate hosts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-387) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av, Brasil 4365, Rio de, Janeiro CEP 21040-900, Brasil.
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Souza-Silva F, Pereira BAS, Finkelstein LC, Zucolotto V, Caffarena ER, Alves CR. Dynamic identification of H2 epitopes from Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis cysteine proteinase B with potential immune activity during murine infection. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:98-105. [PMID: 24436127 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptides from the COOH-terminal extension of cysteine proteinase B from Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (cyspep) can modulate immune responses in vertebrate hosts. With this hypothesis as base, we used the online analysis tool SYFPEITHI to predict seven epitopes from this region with potential to bind H2 proteins. We performed proliferation tests and quantified reactive T lymphocytes applying a cytometry analysis, using samples from draining lymph node of lesions from L. (L.) amazonensis-infected mice. To define reactivity of T cells, we used complexes of DimerX (H2 D(b):Ig and H2 L(d):Ig) and the putative epitopes. Additionally, we applied surface plasmon resonance to verify real time interactions between the putative epitopes and DimerX proteins. Five peptides induced blastogenesis in BALB/c cells, while only two presented the same property in C57BL/6 mouse cells. In addition, our data indicate the existence of CD8+ T lymphocyte populations able to recognize each tested peptide in both murine strains. We observed an overlapping of results between the peptides that induced lymphocyte proliferation and those capable of binding to the DimerX in the surface plasmon resonance assays thus indicating that using these recombinant proteins in biosensing analyses is a promising tool to study real time molecular interactions in the context of major histocompatibility complex epitopes. The data gathered in this study reinforce the hypothesis that cyspep-derived peptides are important factors in the murine host infection by L. (L.) amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Souza-Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, IOC-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 21040-360, Brazil
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