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Electrochemical and spectroscopic investigation of the reduction of dimethylglyoxime at mercury electrodes in the presence of cobalt and nickel. Anal Chem 2012; 70:1312-23. [PMID: 21644728 DOI: 10.1021/ac9703616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Voltammograms (polarograms) obtained from solutions of cobalt and nickel containing dimethylglyoxime (dmgH(2)) are widely used for the trace determination of these metals. Detailed electrochemical and spectroscopic studies on the reduction process observed in the analytically important ammonia buffer media at mercury dropping, hanging, and pool electrodes are all consistent with an overall 10-electron reduction process, in which both the dmgH(2) ligand and cobalt ions are reduced in the adsorbed state: Co(II) + 2dmgH(2) ⇌ (solution) [Co(II)(dmgH)(2)] + 2H(+); [Co(II)(dmgH)(2)] + Hg ⇌ (electrode) [Co(II)(dmgH)(2)](ads)Hg; and [Co(II)(dmgH)(2)](ads)Hg + 10e(-) + 10H(+) → Co(Hg) + 2[2,3-bis(hydroxylamino)butane]. The limited solubility of the nickel complex in aqueous media restricts the range of studies that can be undertaken with this system, but an analogous mechanism is believed to occur. Low-temperature voltammetric studies in dichloromethane at a frozen hanging mercury drop electrode and in situ electron spin resonance electrochemical measurements on more soluble analogues of the dimethylglyoxime complexes are consistent with an initial one-electron reduction step being available in the absence of water. Deliberate addition of water to acetone solutions enables the influence of the aqueous environment on voltammograms and polarograms to be examined. The results of the present study are compared with the wide range of mechanisms proposed in other studies.
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Do indoor pollutants and thermal conditions in schools influence student performance? A critical review of the literature. INDOOR AIR 2005; 15:27-52. [PMID: 15660567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To assess whether school environments can adversely affect academic performance, we review scientific evidence relating indoor pollutants and thermal conditions, in schools or other indoor environments, to human performance or attendance. We critically review evidence for direct associations between these aspects of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and performance or attendance. Secondarily, we summarize, without critique, evidence on indirect connections potentially linking IEQ to performance or attendance. Regarding direct associations, little strongly designed research was available. Persuasive evidence links higher indoor concentrations of NO(2) to reduced school attendance, and suggestive evidence links low ventilation rates to reduced performance. Regarding indirect associations, many studies link indoor dampness and microbiologic pollutants (primarily in homes) to asthma exacerbations and respiratory infections, which in turn have been related to reduced performance and attendance. Also, much evidence links poor IEQ (e.g. low ventilation rate, excess moisture, or formaldehyde) with adverse health effects in children and adults and documents dampness problems and inadequate ventilation as common in schools. Overall, evidence suggests that poor IEQ in schools is common and adversely influences the performance and attendance of students, primarily through health effects from indoor pollutants. Evidence is available to justify (i) immediate actions to assess and improve IEQ in schools and (ii) focused research to guide IEQ improvements in schools. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS There is more justification now for improving IEQ in schools to reduce health risks to students than to reduce performance or attendance risks. However, as IEQ-performance links are likely to operate largely through effects of IEQ on health, IEQ improvements that benefit the health of students are likely to have performance and attendance benefits as well. Immediate actions are warranted in schools to prevent dampness problems, inadequate ventilation, and excess indoor exposures to substances such as NO(2) and formaldehyde. Also, siting of new schools in areas with lower outdoor pollutant levels is preferable.
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Reduction of coordinated dinitrogen to the coordinated hydrazido dianion. Structural characterization of the 1-.eta.-hydrazido (2-)chlorobis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]tungsten(IV) cation. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00808a048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Polarography of the planar dithioacetylacetone complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II) and other related complexes of the same ligand in acetone. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50103a038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The physical and chemical nature of technegas. J Nucl Med 1997; 38:1327-33. [PMID: 9255177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Technegas, the discrete radio-aerosol particle, containing 99mTc has been investigated, and the chemical evolution and physical properties of the particle demonstrated. METHODS A commercial technegas generator was used to produce aerosols according to standard clinical procedures. The aerosols were collected by electrostatic precipitation and examined with transition electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and force microscopy. The chemical evolution was examined by x-ray techniques and thermogravimetric analysis. RESULTS The active particle was identified as hexagonal platelets of metallic technetium contained within a thin layer of graphitic carbon. This composite structure is discussed in light of the metal particle behaving as a template for the carbon capsule. The average size of the observed hexagonal platelets, 30-60 nm, was only weakly dependent on the concentration of technetium in the crucible. CONCLUSION The mechanism for the formation of the technegas pancreas has been developed and the particles involved characterized. It appears that the use of other metals also leads to the formation of similar materials.
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Two `Ruthenium-Blue' Precursors: Tri-μ-chloro-hexakis(dimethylphenylarsine)diruthenium(II) Trifluoromethanesulfonate and Tri-μ-bromo-hexakis(trimethylarsine)diruthenium(II) Trifluoromethanesulfonate. Acta Crystallogr C 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270195012534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bis(N,N-cyclo-heptamethylenedithiocarbamato-S,S')platinum(II), a Platinum Dithiocarbamate Containing a Large Carbocyclic Ring. Acta Crystallogr C 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270195011383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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(Acetonitrile)-trans-dichloro-mer-tris[(dimethyl)phenylphosphine]osmium(II); the kinetically controlled electrogenerated isomer. Erratum. Acta Crystallogr C 1995. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270195099306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tetraethylammonium Salt of trans-Bis(acetonitrile)tetrachlororuthenate(III), a Notable Optical Chromophore. Acta Crystallogr C 1995. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270195003623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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(Acetonitrile)-trans-dichloro-mer-tris[(dimethyl)phenylphosphine]osmium(III); the Kinetically Controlled Electrogenerated Isomer. Acta Crystallogr C 1995. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270195003544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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(Diisopropyldithiocarbamato-S,S')(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedithionato-S,S')nickel(II). Acta Crystallogr C 1993. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270192005560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Structural characterization of the RuIII benzonitrile complexes (Bu4N)[RuCl4(C6H5CN)2] and [RuCl3(C6H5CN)3]. Acta Crystallogr C 1990. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270190004693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Structure of (diisopropyldithiocarbamato)(1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedithionato)nickel(II). Acta Crystallogr C 1989. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270189005354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Alternatives to psychiatric hospitalization for children. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1985; 8:527-35. [PMID: 4059092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The impetus for the dramatic increase in the number of treatment alternatives for children has come from changes in the theoretical conceptualization of treatment, social and political pressures, and financial considerations. This article reviews the literature on alternatives to hospitalization, appraising the available data on the effectiveness of psychiatric hospitalization and its alternatives and considers future research needs and the development of services in this area.
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Abstract
This paper presents findings on the relationship of childhood firesetting and DSM-III diagnosis in a representative sample of child psychiatric outpatients (N = 204). Childhood firesetting and the DSM-III diagnosis of conduct disorder are strongly related; they show a significant interaction effect with lessened competence as measured by activities and increased externalizing (undercontrolled) behavior.
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Abstract
The fragile X syndrome has been associated with autism. Blood samples from 37 autistic children and a control group were negative for fragile X chromosome. Large numbers of nonrandom autosomal lesions were observed in both the autistic and control groups.
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Absorption and emission in tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II); effects of excited-state asymmetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9850001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Childhood firesetting: an empirical study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD PSYCHIATRY 1983; 22:370-4. [PMID: 6875133 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Reaction of ligating dinitrogen and tetrahydrofuran to form tetrahydropyridazido-complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1039/c39750000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The formation of a nitrogen to carbon bond in a reaction of a dinitrogen complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1039/c39720000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The synthesis of the first dithioaoetylacetonate of a Group VI transition metal has
been achieved by reduction of the 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolium
cation with divalent chromium. The physical properties of the dark green
monomer [Cr(SacSac)3] are reported.
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The synthesis and properties of Tris(dithioacetylacetonato) complexes of cobalt(III), rhodium(III), and iridium(III). Aust J Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9712061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
.The syntheses of the cobalt(III), rhodium(III), and iridium(III) complexes of
dithioacetylacetone, [M(SacSac)3], are described. The tris-chelates are neutral dia-
magnetic monomers. Infrared, proton magnetic resonance, and electronic spectra
are reported. Polarography in acetone shows that these complexes are reduced at
more negative potentials than those of the iron(III) group. Various related complexes
[Co(SacSac)2(X-Y)] have also been prepared.
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The synthesis and properties of tris(dithioacetylacetonato) complexes of iron(III), ruthenium(III), and osmium(III). Aust J Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9701721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of the
iron(111), ruthenium(111), and osmium(111) complexes of dithioacetylacetone
are described. The tris chelates are neutral low-spin (S = 1/2)monomers.
Polarography in acetone reveals a ready one-electron reduction for each
complex. Infrared and e.s.r. spectra are reported. The magnetic
susceptibilities have been measured as a function of temperature. The
electronic absorption spectra are compared with those of the related cobalt(111)
group complexes, and some tentative assignments of charge transfer bands are
provided.
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Abstract
The novel dithioacetylacetonato complex [Ru(C5H7S2)2(NO)Cl] has been characterized by analytical and spectral methods. A trans configuration is suggested. The electronic spectrum is consistent with the oxidation state II for the coordinated metal ion.
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Synthesis and properties of tris(dithioacetylacetonato)-complexes of cobalt(III), rhodium(III), and iridium(III). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1039/c29690000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Future of the Family Physician. CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1965; 92:39. [PMID: 20328064 PMCID: PMC1927880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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