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Saini P, Rudakou U, Yu E, Ruskey J, Asayesh F, Laurent S, Spiegelman D, Fahn S, Waters C, Monchi O, Dauvilliers Y, Dupré N, Greenbaum L, Hassin-Baer S, Espay A, Rouleau G, Alcalay R, Fon E, Gan-Or Z. Sequencing the entire exome of REM sleep behavior and progression to neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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El Gewely M, Melanie W, Lan X, Sophie Y, Rouleau G, Montplaisir J, Desautels A, Warby S. 0690 The Association Of Meis1 Gene In Restless Leg Syndrome And Rls Related Phenotypes But Not With Chronic Insomnia Disorder. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M El Gewely
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CANADA
| | - W Melanie
- Centre d’études avancées en médecine du sommeil, Hopital du Sacre Coeur de Montreal, QC, CANADA
| | - X Lan
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CANADA
| | - Y Sophie
- Centre d’études avancées en médecine du sommeil, Montréal, QC, CANADA
| | - G Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, CANADA
| | - J Montplaisir
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CANADA
| | - A Desautels
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CANADA
| | - S Warby
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CANADA
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CANADA
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Schönewolf-Greulich B, Tejada MI, Stephens K, Hadzsiev K, Gauthier J, Brøndum-Nielsen K, Pfundt R, Ravn K, Maortua H, Gener B, Martínez-Bouzas C, Piton A, Rouleau G, Clayton-Smith J, Kleefstra T, Bisgaard AM, Tümer Z. TheMECP2variant c.925C>T (p.Arg309Trp) causes intellectual disability in both males and females without classic features of Rett syndrome. Clin Genet 2016; 89:733-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Schönewolf-Greulich
- Center for Rett Syndrome, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Glostrup Denmark
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Glostrup Denmark
| | - M.-I. Tejada
- Genetics Service; Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Clinical group affiliated with the Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Barakaldo Bizkaia Spain
| | - K. Stephens
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre; Central Manchester University Hospitals; Manchester UK
| | - K. Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - J. Gauthier
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory and Division of Medical Genetics; CHU Sainte-Justine; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - K. Brøndum-Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - R. Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - K. Ravn
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - H. Maortua
- Genetics Service; Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Clinical group affiliated with the Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Barakaldo Bizkaia Spain
| | - B. Gener
- Genetics Service; Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Clinical group affiliated with the Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Barakaldo Bizkaia Spain
| | - C. Martínez-Bouzas
- Genetics Service; Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Clinical group affiliated with the Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Barakaldo Bizkaia Spain
| | - A. Piton
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics; IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Strasbourg University; Strasbourg France
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - G. Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - J. Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre; Central Manchester University Hospitals; Manchester UK
| | - T. Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - A.-M. Bisgaard
- Center for Rett Syndrome, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Glostrup Denmark
| | - Z. Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Glostrup Denmark
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Parmalee N, Mirzozoda K, Kisselev S, Merner N, Dion P, Rouleau G, Clark L, Louis ED. Genetic analysis of the FUS/TLS gene in essential tremor. Eur J Neurol 2012; 20:534-539. [PMID: 23114103 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although essential tremor (ET) has a genetic basis, specific genes have not been identified. Recently, in a large ET family (FET1) from Quebec, a non-sense mutation (p.Q290X) in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) gene fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) was identified by exome sequencing. No confirmatory studies have been published. METHODS Two-hundred and fifty-nine ET cases and 262 controls were enrolled in a study at Columbia University. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the FUS/TLS gene by sequencing all exons in a subsample of 116 ET cases with early-onset (≤40 years) ET. We evaluated an association between ET and SNPs in the FUS/TLS gene by genotyping four haplotype tagging SNPs in all 259 ET cases and 262 controls. Additionally, seven variants associated with ALS, two variants of unknown pathogenicity detected in ALS cases, eight mis-sense variants predicted to be damaging, and six rare variants were genotyped in these 259 ET cases and 262 controls. RESULTS FUS/TLS mutations previously reported in ALS, the FET1 family, or novel mutations were not found in any of the 116 early-onset ET cases. In the case-control analyses, although the power of the performed associations was limited, no significant association between tagging SNPs in FUS/TLS and ET was observed, and none of the analyzed SNPs showed evidence of association with ET. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that pathogenic mutations in FUS/TLS are rare in a sample of early-onset ET cases in North America. We did not find evidence that the FUS/TLS gene is a risk factor for ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Parmalee
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Mirzozoda
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Kisselev
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Merner
- Centre of Excellence in Neurosciences, CHUM Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - P Dion
- Centre of Excellence in Neurosciences, CHUM Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - G Rouleau
- Centre of Excellence in Neurosciences, CHUM Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CHUM and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - L Clark
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Human Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E D Louis
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Scharf J, Yu D, Mathews C, Neale B, Stewart E, Fagerness J, Evans P, Gamazon E, Service S, Osiecki L, Illmann C, Cath D, King R, Dion Y, Sandor P, Barr C, Budman C, Lyon G, Grados M, Singer H, Jankovic J, Gilbert D, Hoekstra P, Heiman G, Tischfield J, State M, Robertson M, Kurlan R, Ophoff R, Gibbs JR, Cookson M, Hardy J, Singleton A, Ruiz-Linares A, Rouleau G, Heutink P, Oostra B, McMahon W, Freimer N, COX N, Pauls D. Genome-Wide Association Study of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (IN10-1.002). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in10-1.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Scharf J, Yu D, Mathews C, Neale B, Stewart E, Fagerness J, Evans P, Gamazon E, Service S, Osiecki L, Illmann C, Cath D, King R, Dion Y, Sandor P, Barr C, Budman C, Lyon G, Grados M, Singer H, Jankovic J, Gilbert D, Hoekstra P, Heiman G, Tischfield J, State M, Robertson M, Kurlan R, Ophoff R, Gibbs JR, Cookson M, Hardy J, Singleton A, Ruiz-Linares A, Rouleau G, Heutink P, Oostra B, McMahon W, Freimer N, COX N, Pauls D. Genome-Wide Association Study of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (S32.006). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s32.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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7
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Dupre N, Valdmanis P, Stochmanski S, Belzil V, Dion P, Thiffault I, Brais B, Weston L, Saint-Amant L, Samuels M, Rouleau G. A Mutation in the RNF170 Gene Causes Autosomal Dominant Sensory Ataxia (P05.014). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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8
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Clark L, Mirzozoda K, Merner N, Dion P, Rouleau G, Louis E. Analysis of the FUS/TLS Gene in Essential Tremor (P04.049). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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9
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Lill C, Meissner E, Schjeide L, Schjeide BM, Liebsch M, Roehr J, Rouleau G, Hardiman O, Traynor B, Van den Berg L, Al-Chalabi A, Bertram L. Comprehensive Research Synopsis and Systematic Meta-Analyses in ALS Genetics: The ALSGene Database (P01.095). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Corcia P, Kabashi E, Lionnet C, Millecamps S, Danel V, Vandenberghe N, Pradat PF, Vourc’h P, Andres C, Lumbroso S, Rouleau G, Meininger V, Camu W. Phénotype des SLA avec mutation TDP-43 : Analyse d’une série française de 28 cas et revue de la littérature. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(11)70015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Millecamps S, Salachas F, Cazeneuve C, Gordon P, Bricka B, Camuzat A, Guillot-Noel L, Russaouen O, Bruneteau G, Pradat PF, Le Forestier N, Vandenberghe N, Danel-Brunaud V, Guy N, Thauvin-Robinet C, Lacomblez L, Couratier P, Hannequin D, Seilhean D, Le Ber I, Corcia P, Camu W, Brice A, Rouleau G, LeGuern E, Meininger V. SOD1, ANG, VAPB, TARDBP, and FUS mutations in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: genotype-phenotype correlations. J Med Genet 2010; 47:554-60. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2010.077180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tarvainen O, Rouleau G, Keller R, Geros E, Stelzer J, Ferris J. Helicon plasma generator-assisted surface conversion ion source for the production of H(-) ion beams at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:02A501. [PMID: 18315122 DOI: 10.1063/1.2801544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The converter-type negative ion source currently employed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is based on cesium enhanced surface production of H(-) ion beams in a filament-driven discharge. In this kind of an ion source the extracted H(-) beam current is limited by the achievable plasma density which depends primarily on the electron emission current from the filaments. The emission current can be increased by increasing the filament temperature but, unfortunately, this leads not only to shorter filament lifetime but also to an increase in metal evaporation from the filament, which deposits on the H(-) converter surface and degrades its performance. Therefore, we have started an ion source development project focused on replacing these thermionic cathodes (filaments) of the converter source by a helicon plasma generator capable of producing high-density hydrogen plasmas with low electron energy. In our studies which have so far shown that the plasma density of the surface conversion source can be increased significantly by exciting a helicon wave in the plasma, and we expect to improve the performance of the surface converter H(-) ion source in terms of beam brightness and time between services. The design of this new source and preliminary results are presented, along with a discussion of physical processes relevant for H(-) ion beam production with this novel design. Ultimately, we perceive this approach as an interim step towards our long-term goal, combining a helicon plasma generator with an SNS-type main discharge chamber, which will allow us to individually optimize the plasma properties of the plasma cathode (helicon) and H(-) production (main discharge) in order to further improve the brightness of extracted H(-) ion beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tarvainen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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Rouleau G, Geros E, Stelzer J, Chacon-Golcher E, Keller R, Tarvainen O, Borden M. Tungsten filament material and cesium dynamic equilibrium effects on a surface converter ion source. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:02A514. [PMID: 18315135 DOI: 10.1063/1.2819327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present results on two different aspects that affect surface converter H(-) ion source performance: tungsten filament material and converter/wall temperature control. On the tungsten material aspect, evidence that filament grain size affects the source performance as well as filament failure modes is shown. Materials with impurity contents that hinder grain growth during conditioning or operation are to be avoided in order to increase the filament lifetime. Regarding the temperature control of the converter and plasma chamber walls, we present results of increased current output of up to 2.5 mA (15%). This is explained by generating increased cesium vapor pressure leading to enhanced sputtering of H(-) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rouleau
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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Dupre N, Valdmanis P, Bouchard J, Rouleau G. G.P.11.05 A family with an autosomal dominant phenotype consistent with primary lateral sclerosis. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Valdmanis P, Meijer I, Kabashi E, Hince P, Dion P, Rouleau G. G.P.18.11 Functional characterization of strumpellin, mutated in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Dupre N, Chrestian N, Valdmanis P, Rouleau G, Echahidi N, Champagne J, Brunet D, Gould P. G.P.5.05 A novel mutation in a French–Canadian family with LGMD1B. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Dumais A, Lesage AD, Alda M, Rouleau G, Dumont M, Chawky N, Roy M, Mann JJ, Benkelfat C, Turecki G. Risk factors for suicide completion in major depression: a case-control study of impulsive and aggressive behaviors in men. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:2116-24. [PMID: 16263852 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depression is a major risk factor for suicide. However, not all individuals with major depression commit suicide. Impulsive and aggressive behaviors have been proposed as risk factors for suicide, but it remains unclear whether their effect on the risk of suicide is at least partly explained by axis I disorders commonly associated with suicide, such as major depression. With a case-control design, a comparison of the level of impulsive and aggressive behaviors and the prevalence of associated psychopathology was carried out with control for the presence of primary psychopathology. METHOD One hundred and four male suicide completers who died during an episode of major depression and 74 living depressed male comparison subjects were investigated with proxy-based interviews by using structured diagnostic instruments and personality trait assessments. RESULTS The authors found that current (6-month prevalence) alcohol abuse/dependence, current drug abuse/dependence, and cluster B personality disorders increased the risk of suicide in individuals with major depression. Also, higher levels of impulsivity and aggression were associated with suicide. An analysis by age showed that these risk factors were more specific to younger suicide victims (ages 18-40). A multivariate analysis indicated that current alcohol abuse/dependence and cluster B personality disorder were two independent predictors of suicide. CONCLUSIONS Impulsive-aggressive personality disorders and alcohol abuse/dependence were two independent predictors of suicide in major depression, and impulsive and aggressive behaviors seem to underlie these risk factors. A developmental hypothesis of suicidal behavior, with impulsive and aggressive behaviors as the starting point, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dumais
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Blvd., Montreal, Que. H4H 1R3, Canada
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18
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Jafari-Schluep HF, Khoris J, Mayeux-Portas V, Hand C, Rouleau G, Camu W. [Superoxyde dismutase 1 gene abnormalities in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: phenotype/genotype correlations. The French experience and review of the literature]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2004; 160:44-50. [PMID: 14978393 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(04)70846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
About 20 p. cent of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are familial (FALS). Fifteen percent of FALS cases are associated with an abnormality in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. To date, more than 100 different genetic abnormalities have been reported, all except two are autosomal dominant. The clinical characteristics of patients presenting with FALS associated with an SOD1 abnormality is homogeneous when there is no doubt about the hereditary aspect of the genetic abnormality: mean age at onset 42 years, limb onset, slow evolution. Except when present in the setting of a clearly inherited disease (FALS) (several patients through several generations), the causality of a given SOD1 mutation often remains an open question. Consequently, search for SOD1 mutation is not warranted when atypical features such as young age at onset or slow progression are present. Conversely, a complete family study is justified to determine the precise role of a given SOD1 mutation because of the large number of potential SOD1 mutations, the variability of the transmission mode, and the non-exceptional absence of proven causality for ALS. Specific cases where a frequent SOD1 mutation with a recognized causal effect is recognized (no more than 15 out of more than 90 mutations) would be an exception.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Jafari-Schluep
- Service d'Explorations Neurologiques et Epileptologie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier
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Fujiwara MC, Amoretti M, Bonomi G, Bouchta A, Bowe PD, Carraro C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Doser M, Filippini V, Fontana A, Funakoshi R, Genova P, Hangst JS, Hayano RS, Jørgensen LV, Lagomarsino V, Landua R, Lodi-Rizzini E, Marchesotti M, Macri M, Madsen N, Manuzio G, Montagna P, Riedler P, Rotondi A, Rouleau G, Testera G, Variola A, van der Werf DP, Yamazaki Y. Three-dimensional annihilation imaging of trapped antiprotons. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:065005. [PMID: 14995248 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.065005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate three-dimensional imaging of antiprotons in a Penning trap, by reconstructing annihilation vertices from the trajectories of the charged annihilation products. The unique capability of antiparticle imaging has allowed, for the first time, the observation of the spatial distribution of the particle loss in a Penning trap. The radial loss of antiprotons on the trap wall is localized to small spots, strongly breaking the azimuthal symmetry expected for an ideal trap. Our observations have important implications for detection of antihydrogen annihilations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Fujiwara
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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20
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Amoretti M, Amsler C, Bonomi G, Bouchta A, Bowe P, Carraro C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Collier MJT, Doser M, Filippini V, Fine KS, Fontana A, Fujiwara MC, Funakoshi R, Genova P, Hangst JS, Hayano RS, Holzscheiter MH, Jørgensen LV, Lagomarsino V, Landua R, Lindelöf D, Lodi Rizzini E, Macrì M, Madsen N, Manuzio G, Marchesotti M, Montagna P, Pruys H, Regenfus C, Riedler P, Rochet J, Rotondi A, Rouleau G, Testera G, Variola A, Watson TL, van der Werf DP. Production and detection of cold antihydrogen atoms. Nature 2002; 419:456-9. [PMID: 12368849 DOI: 10.1038/nature01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2002] [Accepted: 09/03/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical underpinning of the standard model of fundamental particles and interactions is CPT invariance, which requires that the laws of physics be invariant under the combined discrete operations of charge conjugation, parity and time reversal. Antimatter, the existence of which was predicted by Dirac, can be used to test the CPT theorem-experimental investigations involving comparisons of particles with antiparticles are numerous. Cold atoms and anti-atoms, such as hydrogen and antihydrogen, could form the basis of a new precise test, as CPT invariance implies that they must have the same spectrum. Observations of antihydrogen in small quantities and at high energies have been reported at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and at Fermilab, but these experiments were not suited to precision comparison measurements. Here we demonstrate the production of antihydrogen atoms at very low energy by mixing trapped antiprotons and positrons in a cryogenic environment. The neutral anti-atoms have been detected directly when they escape the trap and annihilate, producing a characteristic signature in an imaging particle detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amoretti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
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Ftouhi-Paquin N, Alda M, Grof P, Chretien N, Rouleau G, Turecki G. Identification of three polymorphisms in the translated region of PLC-?1 and their investigation in lithium responsive bipolar disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 105:301-5. [PMID: 11353454 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have found an association between bipolar disorder patients who are excellent responders to lithium prophylaxis and a polymorphic marker located in the first intron of the phospholipase C-gamma1 gene (PLC-gamma1) [Turecki et al., 1998: Mol Psychiatry 3:534-538]. As this variant is not known to be functional, we searched for other markers within the coding region, using single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. We have identified three polymorphic sites localized in three different exons of the PLC-gamma1 gene (exons 9, 26, 31). Variation studies of these potentially functional sites in a group of 133 bipolar patients with an excellent response to lithium prophylaxis and a comparison group of 99 healthy controls showed no difference in genotype distributions for exon 9 (chi-square = 1.41, df = 2, P = 0.49), exon 26 (chi-square = 2.26, df = 2, P = 0.13), or exon 31 (chi-square = 1.41, df = 2, P = 0.49). Similar results were observed for allele distributions. These results suggest that our previous findings were not the result of linkage disequilibrium with these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ftouhi-Paquin
- Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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22
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Abstract
The definition of phenotype is a major problem in genetic studies of psychiatric disorders. Most linkage studies in bipolar disorder have defined the phenotype as a dichotomous trait and have usually employed different hierarchical classifications in order to overcome uncertainty resulting from phenotypic variability. In this study we explored the advantages of maximizing the evidence for linkage over different phenotypic definitions when conducting parametric linkage analysis of a complex trait. The GAW10 Problem 1 was used, focusing on chromosome 18 data sets. Three major phenotypic models were analyzed: quasi-quantitative, liability-based and affection-status models. Overall, no single phenotypic model performed consistently better than the others (i.e., lod scores greater than 1.0). Each model yielded higher lod scores than the others in particular instances, suggesting that it might be useful in exploratory data analysis, where the phenotype is variable, to maximize evidence for linkage over different phenotypic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Turecki
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada
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23
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Ross BM, Eder K, Moszczynska A, Mamalias N, Lamarche J, Ang L, Pandolfo M, Rouleau G, Kirchgessner M, Kish SJ. Abnormal activity of membrane phospholipid synthetic enzymes in the brain of patients with Friedreich's ataxia and spinocerebellar atrophy type-1. Mov Disord 2000; 15:294-300. [PMID: 10752579 DOI: 10.1002/1531-8257(200003)15:2<294::aid-mds1013>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Much evidence, derived from biochemical studies of both blood and autopsied brain, has suggested that phospholipid metabolism is abnormal in patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA), a disorder characterized by severe neuronal loss in the spinal cord and lower brain stem with no, or only modest, damage in other brain regions. To establish the cause of our recent finding of reduced brain levels of phospholipids in FA, we assayed activities of 10 phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes in the autopsied cerebellar cortex of patients with the disorder and, for comparison, in a group of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA-1), a disease characterized, unlike FA, by marked neuronal loss in the cerebellar cortex. Enzyme activities were also measured in four brain areas which are relatively unaffected morphologically in both FA and SCA-1. We found that ethanolamine kinase activity was increased in multiple brain regions of patients with FA (increased 31%-137%) and, more modestly, in SCA-1 (increased 39%-60%), suggesting a nonspecific enhancement of phosphoethanolamine production in both disorders. In contrast, the activity of phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (PECT), the rate-limiting enzyme of phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis, was significantly and markedly decreased by 35%-78% in the cerebellar, frontal, and occipital cortices of patients with FA but was normal in SCA-1. Reduced PECT activity in FA may explain the lower brain levels of phosphatidylethanolamine in the disorder. Moreover, because decreased PECT activity in FA occurs in brain regions having no, or only modest, morphologic damage, this may represent a systemic change consequent to the frataxin gene defect. Our data also suggest that therapeutic intervention in FA designed to increase synthesis of membrane phospholipids may warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Ross
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Mackay D, Ionides A, Kibar Z, Rouleau G, Berry V, Moore A, Shiels A, Bhattacharya S. Connexin46 mutations in autosomal dominant congenital cataract. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64:1357-64. [PMID: 10205266 PMCID: PMC1377871 DOI: 10.1086/302383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Loci for autosomal dominant "zonular pulverulent" cataract have been mapped to chromosomes 1q (CZP1) and 13q (CZP3). Here we report genetic refinement of the CZP3 locus and identify underlying mutations in the gene for gap-junction protein alpha-3 (GJA3), or connexin46 (Cx46). Linkage analysis gave a significantly positive two-point LOD score (Z) at marker D13S175 (maximum Z [Zmax]=>7.0; maximum recombination frequency [thetamax] =0). Haplotyping indicated that CZP3 probably lies in the genetic interval D13S1236-D13S175-D13S1316-cen-13pter, close to GJA3. Sequencing of a genomic clone isolated from the CZP3 candidate region identified an open reading frame coding for a protein of 435 amino acids (47,435 D) that shared approximately 88% homology with rat Cx46. Mutation analysis of GJA3 in two families with CZP3 detected distinct sequence changes that were not present in a panel of 105 normal, unrelated individuals. In family B, an A-->G transition resulted in an asparagine-to-serine substitution at codon 63 (N63S) and introduced a novel MwoI restriction site. In family E, insertion of a C at nucleotide 1137 (1137insC) introduced a novel BstXI site, causing a frameshift at codon 380. Restriction analysis confirmed that the novel MwoI and BstXI sites cosegregated with the disease in families B and E, respectively. This study identifies GJA3 as the sixth member of the connexin gene family to be implicated in human disease, and it highlights the physiological importance of gap-junction communication in the development of a transparent eye lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mackay
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Dichgans M, Schöls L, Herzog J, Stevanin G, Weirich-Schwaiger H, Rouleau G, Bürk K, Klockgether T, Zühlke C, Laccone F, Riess O, Gasser T. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: evidence for a strong founder effect among German families. Neurology 1999; 52:849-51. [PMID: 10078738 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.52.4.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors found a strong geographic cluster of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) families in the Northrhine-Westfalia area, suggesting a founder effect in the German SCA6 population. Genotyping with DNA markers linked to the CACNL1A4 gene on chromosome 19p13 revealed a common haplotype and shared allelic characteristics in the majority of German families. The observed founder effect may be related to the relative meiotic stability of CAG repeats in this type of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dichgans
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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26
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Joober R, Benkelfat C, Jannatipour M, Turecki G, Lal S, Mandel JL, Bloom D, Lalonde P, Lopes-Cendes I, Fortin D, Rouleau G. Polyglutamine-containing proteins in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 1999; 4:53-7. [PMID: 10089009 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genetic anticipation, manifested by increased severity and earlier age-at-onset of the disease over successive generations, is reported in schizophrenia. The molecular basis of anticipation in several neurodegenerative diseases is unstable coding CAG repeat expansions. Anticipation was reported in schizophrenia. Recently, studies suggested that enlarged CAG/CTG repeats are over represented in schizophrenic patients compared to normal controls. Together, these observations suggest that unstable CAG repeats may play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia. The purpose of this study is to test for the presence of polyglutamine-expanded tracts, encoded by CAG repeats, in total protein extracts derived from lymphoblastoid cell lines of schizophrenic patients. Proteins from schizophrenic patients (n = 59) and normal controls (n = 73) were separated by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, wet blotted onto nitrocellulose membrane and probed with a monoclonal antibody (mab 1C2) recognizing expanded polyglutamine arrays. Three abnormal bands corresponding to protein(s) of molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa were identified in two unrelated schizophrenic patients and in a sibling of one of these patients. None of the normal controls tested positive for this abnormal band. These results suggest that expanded polyglutamine-containing proteins, though rare, may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Joober
- Montréal General Hospital Research Institute and Center for Research in Neurosciences, Quebec, Canada
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27
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Al-Chalabi A, Andersen PM, Chioza B, Shaw C, Sham PC, Robberecht W, Matthijs G, Camu W, Marklund SL, Forsgren L, Rouleau G, Laing NG, Hurse PV, Siddique T, Leigh PN, Powell JF. Recessive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis families with the D90A SOD1 mutation share a common founder: evidence for a linked protective factor. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7:2045-50. [PMID: 9817920 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.13.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neurodegeneration resulting in paralysis and death from respiratory failure within 3-5 years. About 20% of familial cases are associated with mutations in the gene for copper/zinc superoxide dismutase ( SOD1 ), which catalyses the dismutation of the superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Experimental evidence suggests mutations act by a toxic gain of function but the mechanism is unknown. There are >60 known SOD1 mutations associated with ALS and all are dominant except for one in exon 4, a D90A substitution which is recessive. D90A pedigrees with dominant inheritance have now been reported and this apparent contradiction needs to be explained. We performed a worldwide haplotype study on 28 D90A pedigrees using six highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. We now show that all 20 recessive families share the same founder (alpha = 0.999), regardless of geographical location, whereas several founders exist for the eight dominant families (alpha = 0.385). This finding confirms that D90A can act in a dominant fashion in keeping with all other SOD1 mutations, but that on one occasion, a new instance of this mutation has been recessive. We propose a tightly linked protective factor which modifies the toxic effect of mutant SOD1 in recessive families.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Chalabi
- Departments of Neuroscience and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry and King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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28
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Blumen S, Brais B, Korczyn A, Chapman J, Asherov A, Medynski S, Rouleau G. 1-29-03 The gene for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy in a cluster of Bukhara Jews living in Israel also maps to chromosome 14q11.2-q13. J Neurol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)85027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Coutinho P, Guimarães J, Barros J, Loureiro J, Ribeiro P, Chorão R, Lourenço E, Alves C, Santos J, Silveira I, Maciel P, Gaspar C, Lopes-Cendes I, Rouleau G, Sequeiros J. 1-29-07 Autosomal dominant ataxias in Portugal: Review of 106 families. J Neurol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)85026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Robitaille Y, Lopes-Cendes I, Becher M, Rouleau G, Clark AW. The neuropathology of CAG repeat diseases: review and update of genetic and molecular features. Brain Pathol 1997; 7:901-26. [PMID: 9217975 PMCID: PMC8098401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1997.tb00893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Classification of inherited neurodegenerative diseases is increasingly based on their genetic features, which supplement, clarify, and sometimes replace the older clinical and pathologic schemata. This change has been particularly rapid and impressive for the CAG repeat disorders. In Huntington's disease, X-linked spinobulbar muscular atrophy, dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy, and a series of autosomal dominant cerebellar atrophies, genetic advances have resolved many nosologic issues, and opened new avenues for exploration of pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize classic and current concepts in neuropathology of these CAG repeat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Robitaille
- Department of Pathology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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31
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Cavazzoni P, Alda M, Turecki G, Rouleau G, Grof E, Martin R, Duffy A, Grof P. Lithium-responsive affective disorders: no association with the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. Psychiatry Res 1996; 64:91-6. [PMID: 8912950 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(96)02888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Family, adoption, and twin studies have demonstrated the involvement of genetic factors in the etiology of major affective disorders. In an attempt to identify the involved genes, several linkage and association studies have focused on the gene coding for tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. The discrepant results to date could be explained by etiological heterogeneity, which may be substantially reduced by selecting patients according to lithium response. Therefore, we investigated 54 patients who had shown definite long-term response to lithium monotherapy in spite of a high risk of recurrence as indicated by the previous clinical course. All the subjects suffered from major affective disorder by Research Diagnostic Criteria (48 bipolar, 6 recurrent unipolar). They were compared to 94 population controls of similar ethnic background to test for association with a penta-allelic microsatellite marker found within the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. No significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies were observed between the two groups, providing further evidence against a major role for the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in the etiology of major affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cavazzoni
- Affective Disorders Service, University of Ottawa, Royal Ottawa Hospital, Canada
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32
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33
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Joober R, Rouleau G, Fon E, Lal S, Palmour R, Bloom D, Labelle A, Benkelfat C. Apolipoprotein E genotype in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 1996; 67:235. [PMID: 8723056 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320670204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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34
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Bullmore E, Brammer M, Rouleau G, Everitt B, Simmons A, Sharma T, Frangou S, Murray R, Dunn G. Computerized brain tissue classification of magnetic resonance images: a new approach to the problem of partial volume artifact. Neuroimage 1995; 2:133-47. [PMID: 9343596 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.1995.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the finite spatial resolution of digital magnetic resonance images of the brain, and the complexity of anatomical interfaces between brain regions of different tissue type, it is inevitable that some voxels will represent a mixture of two or three different tissue types. Outright assignment of such "bipartial" or "tripartial" voxels to one class or another is more problematic and less reliable than assignment of "full-volume" voxels, wholly representative of a single tissue type. We have developed a computerized system for brain tissue classification of dual echo MR data, which uses a polychotomous logistic model for discriminant analysis, combined with a Bayes allocation rule incorporating differential prior probabilities, and spatial connectivity tests, to assign each voxel in the image to one of four possible classes: gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, or unclassified. The system supports automated volumetric analysis of segmented images, has low operational overheads, and compares favorably with previous multivariate or "multispectral" approaches to brain MR image segmentation in terms of both validity (bootstrap misclassification rate = 3.3%) and interoperator reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients for all three tissue classes > 0.9). We argue that these improvements in performance stem from better methodological management of the related problems of non-Normality of MR signal intensity values and partial volume artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bullmore
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
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35
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Gabrielse G, Phillips D, Quint W, Kalinowsky H, Rouleau G, Jhe W. Special relativity and the single antiproton: Fortyfold improved comparison of p-bar and p charge-to-mass ratios. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:3544-3547. [PMID: 10058232 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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36
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Garofalo O, Figlewicz DA, Thomas SM, Butler R, Lebuis L, Rouleau G, Meininger V, Leigh PN. Superoxide dismutase activity in lymphoblastoid cells from motor neurone disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS) patients. J Neurol Sci 1995; 129 Suppl:90-2. [PMID: 7595631 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(95)00073-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Point mutations in the gene encoding Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are associated with autosomal dominant familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). We have measured Cu,Zn SOD activity in lymphoblastoid cells from affected and at risk FALS patients carrying mutations in the SOD1 gene, FALS patients without mutations in the SOD1 gene, individuals affected by the sporadic form of the disease (SALS), normal controls and individuals with other neurological abnormalities. The results show a significant decrease in Cu,Zn SOD activity in affected and at risk FALS individuals as compared to FALS patients without mutations, SALS individuals, normal and neurological controls. It is concluded that decreased SOD activity may contribute, together with other as yet unknown factors, to motor neurone demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Garofalo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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37
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Mérel P, Hoang-Xuan K, Sanson M, Bijlsma E, Rouleau G, Laurent-Puig P, Pulst S, Baser M, Lenoir G, Sterkers JM. Screening for germ-line mutations in the NF2 gene. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1995; 12:117-27. [PMID: 7535084 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870120206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a monogenic dominantly inherited disease that predisposes to the development of tumors of the nervous system, particularly meningiomas and schwannomas. The gene which, when altered, causes NF2, is localized on chromosome 22 and has recently been identified. The NF2 gene is also the site of somatic mutation in tumors, suggesting that it might have a tumor suppressor activity. We here report a screening method for the detection of point mutations in NF2 which takes advantage of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). This method efficiently screens 95% of the coding sequence and 90% of intron/exon junctions. When applied to 91 unrelated NF2 patients, it enabled the identification of 32 germ-line mutations. Since mutations are found in only one third of the patients, it is expected that mutations or deletions affecting the promoter and/or intronic regions of the NF2 gene occur frequently. The characterized mutations are preferentially located within the 5' half of the gene. Most of them are predicted to lead to the synthesis of a truncated protein. A search for genotype/phenotype correlations showed that, at least in this series of patients, mild manifestations of the disease were associated with mutations which preserve the C-terminal end of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mérel
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Tumeurs, CJF INSERM 9201, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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38
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Cochius J, Carpenter S, Andermann E, Rouleau G, Nousiainen U, Kalviainen R, Farrell K, Andermann F. Sweat gland vacuoles in Unverricht-Lundborg disease: a clue to diagnosis? Neurology 1994; 44:2372-5. [PMID: 7991128 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.44.12.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been no reported pathologic abnormality outside the central nervous system in patients with Unverricht-Lundborg disease (ULD). We report membrane-bound vacuoles with clear contents in eccrine clear cells and dark cells in five of seven patients with ULD, as well as in one clinically unaffected sibling. Vacuoles were not seen in the biopsies of two patients and of eight controls with Lafora's disease. These findings, though not entirely specific, suggest that skin biopsy may serve as a diagnostic aid to give supportive evidence for ULD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cochius
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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39
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Abstract
The authors report, for the first time, the finding by magnetic resonance imaging of a neurofibroma at the craniocervical junction with upper cervical cord and lower brainstem compression causing complete apnea from birth. Subsequent subtotal resection of the neurofibroma resulted in the successful extubation of a previously ventilator-dependent patient. After a two month period of breathing spontaneously, the newborn developed an upper respiratory tract infection and was reintubated. The patient, unable to be weaned off of the respirator, was extubated and expired shortly thereafter, at the age of five months. The authors suggest that in newborns with unexplained apnea, MRI of the cranio-cervical junction is indicated. Certain patients may be discovered who have less compromised cervico-medullary function and are afflicted by less aggressive forms of neurofibromatosis type 1. These patients may benefit permanently from a surgical decompression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Clarke
- Division of Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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40
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Mhatre AN, Trifiro MA, Kaufman M, Kazemi-Esfarjani P, Figlewicz D, Rouleau G, Pinsky L. Reduced transcriptional regulatory competence of the androgen receptor in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nat Genet 1993; 5:184-8. [PMID: 8252045 DOI: 10.1038/ng1093-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of the long (CAG; glutamine)n repeat in the first exon of the X-linked human androgen receptor gene (hAR) causes spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, frequently in association with mild androgen insensitivity. The relevant normal motor neurons are preferentially stimulated by androgen, however no motor neuron disorder occurs with any other known AR mutation, including those that cause complete androgen insensitivity. We have found that a polyglutamine (Gln) expanded AR transactivates an androgen-responsive reporter gene subnormally. Other groups have reported that a poly Gln-deleted AR transactivates normally. A parsimonious interpretation of all these facts is that poly Gln expansion causes the AR to lose a function that is necessary for full androgen sensitivity and to gain a function that is selectively motor neuronotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Mhatre
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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41
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MacCollin M, Romano D, Budarf M, Denny C, Trofatter J, Menon A, Rouleau G, Fontaine B, Emanuel B, Gusella J. A set of STS assays targeting the chromosome 22 physical framework markers. Genomics 1993; 15:680-3. [PMID: 8468063 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1993.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of the sequence-tagged site (STS) as a quick, efficient, and reproducible assay for comparing physical and genetic map information promises to facilitate greatly long-range goals of the mapping of the human genome. We have designed 21 STS assays for loci on human chromosome 22. These assays primarily tag the physical framework markers of the long arm of 22, but additional assays have been designed from known genes and loci in the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) region. The availability of these assays will make these loci available to the research community without physical transfer of materials and will serve as start points for further efforts to physically map chromosome 22 with yeast artificial chromosome clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M MacCollin
- Molecular Neurogenetics Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129
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42
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Rouleau G. Des mutations du gène de la superoxyde dismutase associées à la maladie de Lou Gehrig. Med Sci (Paris) 1993. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bollen G, Kluge H, König M, Otto T, Savard G, Stolzenberg H, Moore RB, Rouleau G, Audi G. Resolution of nuclear ground and isomeric states by a Penning trap mass spectrometer. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1992; 46:R2140-R2143. [PMID: 9968403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.r2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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44
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Zucman J, Delattre O, Desmaze C, Plougastel B, Joubert I, Melot T, Peter M, De Jong P, Rouleau G, Aurias A. Cloning and characterization of the Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma t(11;22) translocation breakpoints. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1992; 5:271-7. [PMID: 1283315 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and peripheral neuroepithelioma (PN) are related tumors, possibly of neural crest origin, which are cytogenetically characterized by the specific translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12). The cos5 locus, previously identified in the vicinity of the chromosome 22 breakpoint of this translocation, was shown by in situ hybridization on interphase nuclei to lie between VIIIF2 and LIF, two loci located on either side of the breakpoint and at a distance of less than 2,000 kb. The progressive expansion of this locus by chromosome walking led to the construction of a 300 kb contig, which finally crossed the breakpoint. The subsequent cloning of the two translocation junction fragments of a PN, followed by the molecular characterization of the translocation breakpoints of 20 ES and PN, showed that most chromosome 22 breakpoints are clustered within a small, 2 kb region. In contrast, the chromosome 11 breakpoints are scattered over a region of at least 40 kb. The translocation leads to the synthesis of chimeric transcript that links sequences from chromosomes 22 and 11. Finally, no evidence was found of any specific difference in the position of ES and PN translocation breakpoints.
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MESH Headings
- Bone Neoplasms/ultrastructure
- Chromosome Walking
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/ultrastructure
- Cosmids
- DNA, Recombinant
- Genetic Markers
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zucman
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Delattre O, Zucman J, Plougastel B, Desmaze C, Melot T, Peter M, Kovar H, Joubert I, de Jong P, Rouleau G. Gene fusion with an ETS DNA-binding domain caused by chromosome translocation in human tumours. Nature 1992; 359:162-5. [PMID: 1522903 DOI: 10.1038/359162a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1317] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma and related subtypes of primitive neuroectodermal tumours share a recurrent and specific t(11;22) (q24;q12) chromosome translocation, the breakpoints of which have recently been cloned. Phylogenetically conserved restriction fragments in the vicinity of EWSR1 and EWSR2, the genomic regions where the breakpoints of chromosome 22 and chromosome 11 are, respectively, have allowed identification of transcribed sequences from these regions and has indicated that a hybrid transcript might be generated by the translocation. Here we use these fragments to screen human complementary DNA libraries to show that the translocation alters the open reading frame of an expressed gene on chromosome 22 gene by substituting a sequence encoding a putative RNA-binding domain for that of the DNA-binding domain of the human homologue of murine Fli-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Delattre
- Laboratoires de Génétique des Tumeurs and URA 620 CNRS, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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46
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Zucman J, Delattre O, Desmaze C, Azambuja C, Rouleau G, De Jong P, Aurias A, Thomas G. Rapid isolation of cosmids from defined subregions by differential Alu-PCR hybridization on chromosome 22-specific library. Genomics 1992; 13:395-401. [PMID: 1612598 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90259-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A method based on the differential screening of a chromosome-specific cosmid library with amplified inter-Alu sequences obtained from a set of somatic cell hybrids has been developed to target the isolation of probes from predefined subchromosomal regions. As a model system, we have used a chromosome 22-specific cosmid library and four cell hybrids containing different parts of this chromosome. The procedure has identified cosmids that demonstrate differential hybridization signals with Alu-PCR products from these cell hybrids. We show, by in situ hybridization or individual mapping, that their hybridization pattern is indicative of their sublocalization on chromosome 22, thus resulting in a large enrichment factor for the isolation of probes from specific small chromosome subregions. Depending on the local Alu-sequence density, from 3 to 10 independent loci per megabase of genome can thus be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zucman
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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47
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Siddique T, Figlewicz DA, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Rouleau G, Jeffers AJ, Sapp P, Hung WY, Bebout J, McKenna-Yasek D. Linkage of a gene causing familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to chromosome 21 and evidence of genetic-locus heterogeneity. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:1381-4. [PMID: 2020294 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199105163242001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurologic disorder that commonly results in paralysis and death. Despite more than a century of research, no cause of, cure for, or means of preventing this disorder has been found. In a minority of cases, it is familial and inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with age-dependent penetrance. In contrast to the sporadic form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the familial form provides the opportunity to use molecular genetic techniques to localize an inherited defect. Furthermore, such studies have the potential to discover the basic molecular defect causing motor-neuron degeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated 23 families with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for linkage of the gene causing this disease to four DNA markers on the long arm of chromosome 21. Multipoint linkage analyses demonstrated linkage between the gene and these markers. The maximum lod score--5.03--was obtained 10 centimorgans distal (telomeric) to the DNA marker D21S58. There was a significant probability (P less than 0.0001) of genetic-locus heterogeneity in the families. CONCLUSIONS The localization of a gene causing familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis provides a means of isolating this gene and studying its function. Insight gained from understanding the function of this gene may be applicable to the design of rational therapy for both the familial and sporadic forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Siddique
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C
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48
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Delattre O, Azambuja CJ, Aurias A, Zucman J, Peter M, Zhang F, Hors-Cayla MC, Rouleau G, Thomas G. Mapping of human chromosome 22 with a panel of somatic cell hybrids. Genomics 1991; 9:721-7. [PMID: 2037296 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90366-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) which is essential for generating adenylate, maps to the long arm of chromosome 22. By using a Chinese hamster ovary cell line deficient in ADSL activity, we have constructed a set of 17 somatic cell hybrids containing defined regions of human chromosome 22. This panel was extended with six additional hybrids, obtained in other laboratories using various methods of selection. Southern analysis of the hybrids with 38 chromosome 22 probes defined 14 different subregions which could be linearly organized on the long arm of chromosome 22. The order of the probes thus deduced is fully compatible with their previous localization and with the genetic map. The ADSL gene was further sublocalized between the MB and D22S22. This panel, which enables the rapid assignment of chromosome 22 single copy probes to small subregions, will be an important tool in the construction of a detailed physical map of this part of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Delattre
- Génétique des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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49
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Abstract
The second smallest chromosome of the human karyotype, i.e., chromosome 22, is involved in many congenital or acquired structural aberrations. This variety can be taken advantage of to determine the exact linear order, from centromere to telomere, of cloned probes and chromosomal breakpoints. Eleven probes were localized with respect to breakpoints of 11 der(22) of independent cell lines using in situ hybridization on metaphasic spreads. The deduced order of the tested probes and that of the breakpoints are in complete agreement with the published genetic map and the karyotypic analysis, respectively. This approach enables a correlation of the genetic map with the chromosomal banding.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Zhang
- URA 620 CNRS Institut Curie, section Biologie, Paris, France
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50
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Carey AH, Roach S, Williamson R, Dumanski JP, Nordenskjold M, Collins VP, Rouleau G, Blin N, Jalbert P, Scambler PJ. Localization of 27 DNA markers to the region of human chromosome 22q11-pter deleted in patients with the DiGeorge syndrome and duplicated in the der22 syndrome. Genomics 1990; 7:299-306. [PMID: 2365351 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90161-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DiGeorge syndrome is a human developmental field defect with the pathological features of an abnormality of embryogenesis at 4 to 6 weeks of gestation. Cytogenetic analyses of patients have revealed a number of instances of monosomy 22q11-pter in this condition. We have analyzed 52 DNA markers that map to 22q11-pter and have found 27 that are deleted in DiGeorge syndrome patients with known monosomy for part of this region and that are duplicated in patients with the der22 syndrome. The set of clones mapping to the DiGeorge region was further assigned to a proximal or a distal location within the deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Carey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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