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Lukyanova L, Germanova E, Khmil N, Pavlik L, Mikheeva I, Shigaeva M, Mironova G. Signaling Role of Mitochondrial Enzymes and Ultrastructure in the Formation of Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptation to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8636. [PMID: 34445340 PMCID: PMC8395493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was the first comprehensive investigation of the dependence of mitochondrial enzyme response (catalytic subunits of mitochondrial complexes (MC) I-V, including NDUFV2, SDHA, Cyt b, COX1 and ATP5A) and mitochondrial ultrastructure in the rat cerebral cortex (CC) on the severity and duration of in vivo hypoxic exposures. The role of individual animal's resistance to hypoxia was also studied. The respiratory chain (RC) was shown to respond to changes in environmental [O2] as follows: (a) differential reaction of mitochondrial enzymes, which depends on the severity of the hypoxic exposure and which indicates changes in the content and catalytic properties of mitochondrial enzymes, both during acute and multiple exposures; and (b) ultrastructural changes in mitochondria, which reflect various degrees of mitochondrial energization. Within a specific range of reduced O2 concentrations, activation of the MC II is a compensatory response supporting the RC electron transport function. In this process, MC I develops new kinetic properties, and its function recovers in hypoxia by reprograming the RC substrate site. Therefore, the mitochondrial RC performs as an in vivo molecular oxygen sensor. Substantial differences between responses of rats with high and low resistance to hypoxia were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Lukyanova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltijskaya Str. 8., 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elita Germanova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltijskaya Str. 8., 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalya Khmil
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Lybov Pavlik
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Irina Mikheeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Shigaeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Galina Mironova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
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Conz A, Musi CA, Russo L, Borsello T, Colnaghi L. Super-resolution study of PIAS SUMO E3-ligases in hippocampal and cortical neurons. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65:3241. [PMID: 34459572 PMCID: PMC8419632 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The SUMOylation machinery is a regulator of neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity. It is composed of SUMO isoforms and specialized enzymes named E1, E2 and E3 SUMO ligases. Recent studies have highlighted how SUMO isoforms and E2 enzymes localize with synaptic markers to support previous functional studies but less information is available on E3 ligases. PIAS proteins - belonging to the protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) SUMO E3-ligase family - are the best-characterized SUMO E3-ligases and have been linked to the formation of spatial memory in rodents. Whether however they exert their function co-localizing with synaptic markers is still unclear. In this study, we applied for the first time structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to PIAS ligases to investigate the co-localization of PIAS1 and PIAS3 with synaptic markers in hippocampal and cortical murine neurons. The results indicate partial co-localization of PIAS1 and PIAS3 with synaptic markers in hippocampal neurons and much rarer occurrence in cortical neurons. This is in line with previous super-resolution reports describing the co-localization with synaptic markers of other components of the SUMOylation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conz
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan.
| | - Clara Alice Musi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan.
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan.
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan.
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Xing R, Zhou H, Jian Y, Li L, Wang M, Liu N, Yin Q, Liang Z, Guo W, Yang C. The Rab7 effector WDR91 promotes autophagy-lysosome degradation in neurons by regulating lysosome fusion. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202007061. [PMID: 34028500 PMCID: PMC8150682 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectors of the Rab7 small GTPase play multiple roles in Rab7-dependent endosome-lysosome and autophagy-lysosome pathways. However, it is largely unknown how distinct Rab7 effectors coordinate to maintain the homeostasis of late endosomes and lysosomes to ensure appropriate endolysosomal and autolysosomal degradation. Here we report that WDR91, a Rab7 effector required for early-to-late endosome conversion, is essential for lysosome function and homeostasis. Mice lacking Wdr91 specifically in the central nervous system exhibited behavioral defects and marked neuronal loss in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. At the cellular level, WDR91 deficiency causes PtdIns3P-independent enlargement and dysfunction of lysosomes, leading to accumulation of autophagic cargoes in mouse neurons. WDR91 competes with the VPS41 subunit of the HOPS complex, another Rab7 effector, for binding to Rab7, thereby facilitating Rab7-dependent lysosome fusion in a controlled manner. WDR91 thus maintains an appropriate level of lysosome fusion to guard the normal function and survival of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxiao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hejiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Youli Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiuyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Wu Y, Whittaker HT, Noy S, Cleverley K, Brault V, Herault Y, Fisher EMC, Wiseman FK. The effects of Cstb duplication on APP/amyloid-β pathology and cathepsin B activity in a mouse model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242236. [PMID: 34292972 PMCID: PMC8297773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 have a greatly increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This is in part because of triplication of a chromosome 21 gene, APP. This gene encodes amyloid precursor protein, which is cleaved to form amyloid-β that accumulates in the brains of people who have AD. Recent experimental results demonstrate that a gene or genes on chromosome 21, other than APP, when triplicated significantly accelerate amyloid-β pathology in a transgenic mouse model of amyloid-β deposition. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that cysteine cathepsin activity influences APP cleavage and amyloid-β accumulation. Located on human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) is an endogenous inhibitor of cathepsin proteases, CYSTATIN B (CSTB) which is proposed to regulate cysteine cathepsin activity in vivo. Here we determined if three copies of the mouse gene Cstb is sufficient to modulate amyloid-β accumulation and cathepsin activity in a transgenic APP mouse model. Duplication of Cstb resulted in an increase in transcriptional and translational levels of Cstb in the mouse cortex but had no effect on the deposition of insoluble amyloid-β plaques or the levels of soluble or insoluble amyloid-β42, amyloid-β40, or amyloid-β38 in 6-month old mice. In addition, the increased CSTB did not alter the activity of cathepsin B enzyme in the cortex of 3-month or 6-month old mice. These results indicate that the single-gene duplication of Cstb is insufficient to elicit a disease-modifying phenotype in the dupCstb x tgAPP mice, underscoring the complexity of the genetic basis of AD-DS and the importance of multiple gene interactions in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Wu
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather T. Whittaker
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanna Noy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Elizabeth M. C. Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- LonDownS Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances K. Wiseman
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- LonDownS Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Du K, Zhang Z, Zeng Z, Tang J, Lee T, Sun T. Distinct roles of Fto and Mettl3 in controlling development of the cerebral cortex through transcriptional and translational regulations. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:700. [PMID: 34262022 PMCID: PMC8280107 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proper development of the mammalian cerebral cortex relies on precise gene expression regulation, which is controlled by genetic, epigenetic, and epitranscriptomic factors. Here we generate RNA demethylase Fto and methyltransferase Mettl3 cortical-specific conditional knockout mice, and detect severe brain defects caused by Mettl3 deletion but not Fto knockout. Transcriptomic profiles using RNA sequencing indicate that knockout of Mettl3 causes a more dramatic alteration on gene transcription than that of Fto. Interestingly, we conduct ribosome profiling sequencing, and find that knockout of Mettl3 leads to a more severe disruption of translational regulation of mRNAs than deletion of Fto and results in altered translation of crucial genes in cortical radial glial cells and intermediate progenitors. Moreover, Mettl3 deletion causes elevated translation of a significant number of mRNAs, in particular major components in m6A methylation. Our findings indicate distinct functions of Mettl3 and Fto in brain development, and uncover a profound role of Mettl3 in regulating translation of major mRNAs that control proper cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunzhao Du
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Zeng
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinling Tang
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Trevor Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Milewski K, Czarnecka AM, Albrecht J, Zielińska M. Decreased Expression and Uncoupling of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Cerebral Cortex of Rats with Thioacetamide-Induced Acute Liver Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6662. [PMID: 34206365 PMCID: PMC8268495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is associated with deregulated nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the brain, which is one of the key molecular abnormalities leading to the neuropsychiatric disorder called hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This study focuses on the effect of ALF on the relatively unexplored endothelial NOS isoform (eNOS). The cerebral prefrontal cortices of rats with thioacetamide (TAA)-induced ALF showed decreased eNOS expression, which resulted in an overall reduction of NOS activity. ALF also decreased the content of the NOS cofactor, tetrahydro-L-biopterin (BH4), and evoked eNOS uncoupling (reduction of the eNOS dimer/monomer ratio). The addition of the NO precursor L-arginine in the absence of BH4 potentiated ROS accumulation, whereas nonspecific NOS inhibitor L-NAME or EDTA attenuated ROS increase. The ALF-induced decrease of eNOS content and its uncoupling concurred with, and was likely causally related to, both increased brain content of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and decreased cerebral cortical blood flow (CBF) in the same model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (A.M.C.); (J.A.)
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da Silva DS, Soares MSP, Teixeira FC, de Mello JE, de Souza AA, Luduvico KP, de Andrade CM, Spanevello RM, Cunico W. Multitarget Effect of 2-(4-(Methylthio)phenyl)-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)thiazolidin-4-one in a Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Rat Model. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1554-1566. [PMID: 33755857 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic system dysfunction, oxidative damage, and alterations in ion pump activity have been associated with memory loss and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones have emerged as a class of compounds with potential therapeutic effects due to their potent anticholinesterase activity. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of the 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)thiazolidin-4-one (DS12) compound on memory, cholinergic and oxidative stress parameters, ion pump activity, and serum biochemical markers in a scopolamine-induced memory deficit model. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: I-Control; II-Scopolamine; III-DS12 (5 mg/kg) + scopolamine; and IV-DS12 (10 mg/kg) + scopolamine. The animals from groups III and IV received DS12 diluted in canola oil and administered for 7 days by gavage. On the last day of treatment, scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 min after training in an inhibitory avoidance apparatus. Twenty-four hours after scopolamine administration, the animals were subjected to an inhibitory avoidance test and were thereafter euthanized. Scopolamine induced memory deficits, increased acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative damage, and decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Pretreatment with DS12 prevented these brain alterations. Scopolamine also induced an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes and whereas butyrylcholinesterase in serum and treatment with DS12 prevented these changes. In animals treated with DS12, no changes were observed in renal and hepatic parameters when compared to the control group. In conclusion, DS12 emerged as an important multitarget compound capable of preventing neurochemical changes associated with memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schuch da Silva
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Júlia Eisenhardt de Mello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Anita Avila de Souza
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Pereira Luduvico
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
- Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinário, Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Wilson Cunico
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
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Fotoohi A, Moloudi MR, Hosseini S, Hassanzadeh K, Feligioni M, Izadpanah E. A Novel Pharmacological Protective Role for Safranal in an Animal Model of Huntington's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1372-1379. [PMID: 33611726 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative and inherited disease and recent years have witnessed the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms related to HD. Safranal, an organic compound isolated from saffron, has been reported to have anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and has studied in chronic and neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of safranal on 3-NP induced locomotor activity and biochemical alterations in rats. To this aim, 40 male Wistar rats weighting 250-300 g were divided into 5 groups (n = 8) including sham, 3-NP group (10 mg/kg) as control and treatment groups (3-NP + safranal 0.75, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg) in two weeks duration of treatment. Behavioral/movement assessments in addition to oxidant/antioxidant markers in rat cortex and striatum were evaluated in control and treatment groups. Here, we found that safranal significantly alleviated 3-NP-induced changes of body weight, rotarod activity, number of vacuous chewing movements (VCMs), and locomotor activity. In addition, brain tissue assessments in cortex and striatum revealed that safranal could prevent the elevation of nitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity and glutathione (GSH) induced by 3-NP. In conclusion our results showed that safranal prevented the motor dysfunction induced by 3-NP in animal model of Huntington's disease. This effect might be due to its modulating effect on oxidants-antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fotoohi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raman Moloudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Saed Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kudistan Province, Pasdaran Avenue, Sanandaj, Iran
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, 20144, Milan, Italy.
| | - Esmael Izadpanah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kudistan Province, Pasdaran Avenue, Sanandaj, Iran.
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San Gil R, Clarke BE, Ecroyd H, Kalmar B, Greensmith L. Regional Differences in Heat Shock Protein 25 Expression in Brain and Spinal Cord Astrocytes of Wild-Type and SOD1 G93A Mice. Cells 2021; 10:1257. [PMID: 34069691 PMCID: PMC8160835 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of glia in different CNS regions may contribute to the selective vulnerability of neuronal populations in neurodegenerative conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we explored regional variations in the expression of heat shock protein 25 in glia under conditions of acute and chronic stress. Hsp27 (Hsp27; murine orthologue: Hsp25) fulfils a number of cytoprotective functions and may therefore be a possible therapeutic target in ALS. We identified a subpopulation of astrocytes in primary murine mixed glial cultures that expressed Hsp25. Under basal conditions, the proportion of Hsp25-positive astrocytes was twice as high in spinal cord cultures than in cortical cultures. To explore the physiological role of the elevated Hsp25 expression in spinal cord astrocytes, we exposed cortical and spinal cord glia to acute stress, using heat stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. Surprisingly, we observed no stress-induced increase in Hsp25 expression in either cortical or spinal cord astrocytes. Similarly, exposure to endogenous stress, as modelled in glial cultures from SOD1 G93A-ALS mice, did not increase Hsp25 expression above that observed in astrocytes from wild-type mice. In vivo, Hsp25 expression was greater under conditions of chronic stress present in the spinal cord of SOD1 G93A mice than in wild-type mice, although this increase in expression is likely to be due to the extensive gliosis that occurs in this model. Together, these results show that there are differences in the expression of Hsp25 in astrocytes in different regions of the central nervous system, but Hsp25 expression is not upregulated under acute or chronic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca San Gil
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2519, Australia; (R.S.G.); (H.E.)
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin E. Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (B.E.C.); (B.K.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2519, Australia; (R.S.G.); (H.E.)
| | - Bernadett Kalmar
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (B.E.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (B.E.C.); (B.K.)
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Wang S, Li B, Solomon V, Fonteh A, Rapoport SI, Bennett DA, Arvanitakis Z, Chui HC, Miller C, Sullivan PM, Wang HY, Yassine HN. Calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A 2 activation is implicated in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with ApoE4. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:26. [PMID: 33863362 PMCID: PMC8052701 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is associated with a greater response to neuroinflammation and the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms for this association are not clear. The activation of calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is involved in inflammatory signaling and is elevated within the plaques of AD brains. The relation between APOE4 genotype and cPLA2 activity is not known. METHODS Mouse primary astrocytes, mouse and human brain samples differing by APOE genotypes were collected for measuring cPLA2 expression, phosphorylation, and activity in relation to measures of inflammation and oxidative stress. RESULTS Greater cPLA2 phosphorylation, cPLA2 activity and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels were identified in ApoE4 compared to ApoE3 in primary astrocytes, brains of ApoE-targeted replacement (ApoE-TR) mice, and in human brain homogenates from the inferior frontal cortex of patients with AD carrying APOE3/E4 compared to APOE3/E3. Greater cPLA2 phosphorylation was also observed in human postmortem frontal cortical synaptosomes and primary astrocytes after treatment with recombinant ApoE4 ex vivo. In ApoE4 astrocytes, the greater levels of LTB4, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were reduced after cPLA2 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate greater activation of cPLA2 signaling system with APOE4, which could represent a potential drug target for mitigating the increased neuroinflammation with APOE4 and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Boyang Li
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Victoria Solomon
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Alfred Fonteh
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Carol Miller
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Patrick M. Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham Veterans Health Administration Medical Center’s Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Hoau-Yan Wang
- The City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Graduate School of The City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Hussein N. Yassine
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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11
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Ebeid MA, Habib MZ, Mohamed AM, Faramawy YE, Saad SST, El-Kharashi OA, El Magdoub HM, Abd-Alkhalek HA, Aboul-Fotouh S, Abdel-Tawab AM. Cognitive effects of the GSK-3 inhibitor "lithium" in LPS/chronic mild stress rat model of depression: Hippocampal and cortical neuroinflammation and tauopathy. Neurotoxicology 2021; 83:77-88. [PMID: 33417987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose repeated lipopolysaccharide pre-challenge followed by chronic mild stress (LPS/CMS) protocol has been introduced as a rodent model of depression combining the roles of immune activation and chronic psychological stress. However, the impact of this paradigm on cognitive functioning has not been investigated hitherto. METHODS This study evaluated LPS/CMS-induced cognitive effects and the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation with subsequent neuroinflammation and pathological tau deposition in the pathogenesis of these effects using lithium (Li) as a tool for GSK-3 inhibition. RESULTS LPS pre-challenge reduced CMS-induced neuroinflammation, depressive-like behavior and cognitive inflexibility. It also improved spatial learning but increased GSK-3β expression and exaggerated hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Li ameliorated CMS and LPS/CMS-induced depressive and cognitive deficits, reduced GSK-3β over-expression and tau hyperphosphorylation, impeded neuroinflammation and enhanced neuronal survival. CONCLUSION This study draws attention to LPS/CMS-triggered cognitive changes and highlights how prior low-dose immune challenge could develop an adaptive capacity to buffer inflammatory damage and maintain the cognitive abilities necessary to withstand threats. This work also underscores the favorable effect of Li (as a GSK-3β inhibitor) in impeding exaggerated tauopathy and neuroinflammation, rescuing neuronal survival and preserving cognitive functions. Yet, further in-depth studies utilizing different low-dose LPS challenge schedules are needed to elucidate the complex interactions between immune activation and chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Ebeid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Habib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser El Faramawy
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherin S T Saad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnyah A El-Kharashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hekmat M El Magdoub
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadwa A Abd-Alkhalek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan Aboul-Fotouh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Tawab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Low CYB, Lee JH, Lim FTW, Lee C, Ballard C, Francis PT, Lai MKP, Tan MGK. Isoform-specific upregulation of FynT kinase expression is associated with tauopathy and glial activation in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementias. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:253-266. [PMID: 33128789 PMCID: PMC8017997 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulative data suggest the involvement of Fyn tyrosine kinase in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, our group has shown increased immunoreactivities of the FynT isoform in AD neocortex (with no change in the alternatively spliced FynB isoform) which associated with neurofibrillary degeneration and reactive astrogliosis. Since both the aforementioned neuropathological features are also variably found in Lewy Body dementias (LBD), we investigated potential perturbations of Fyn expression in the post-mortem neocortex of patients with AD, as well as those diagnosed as having one of the two main subgroups of LBD: Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We found selective upregulation of FynT expression in AD, PDD, and DLB which also correlated with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, increased FynT expression correlated with hallmark neuropathological lesions, soluble β-amyloid, and phosphorylated tau, as well as markers of microglia and astrocyte activation. In line with the human post-mortem studies, cortical FynT expression in aged mice transgenic for human P301S tau was upregulated and further correlated with accumulation of aggregated phosphorylated tau as well as with microglial and astrocytic markers. Our findings provide further evidence for the involvement of FynT in neurodegenerative dementias, likely via effects on tauopathy and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Y. B. Low
- Department of Clinical Translational ResearchSingapore General HospitalOutramSingapore
| | - Jasinda H. Lee
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineKent RidgeSingapore
| | - Frances T. W. Lim
- Department of Clinical Translational ResearchSingapore General HospitalOutramSingapore
| | - Chingli Lee
- Department of Clinical Translational ResearchSingapore General HospitalOutramSingapore
| | - Clive Ballard
- Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - Paul T. Francis
- Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related DiseasesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mitchell K. P. Lai
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineKent RidgeSingapore
- Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related DiseasesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Michelle G. K. Tan
- Department of Clinical Translational ResearchSingapore General HospitalOutramSingapore
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineKent RidgeSingapore
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13
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Mucignat-Caretta C, Caretta A. Protein Kinase A Catalytic and Regulatory Subunits Interact Differently in Various Areas of Mouse Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093051. [PMID: 32357495 PMCID: PMC7246855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) are tetramers of two catalytic and two regulatory subunits, docked at precise intracellular sites to provide localized phosphorylating activity, triggered by cAMP binding to regulatory subunits and subsequent dissociation of catalytic subunits. It is unclear whether in the brain PKA dissociated subunits may also be found. PKA catalytic subunit was examined in various mouse brain areas using immunofluorescence, equilibrium binding and western blot, to reveal its location in comparison to regulatory subunits type RI and RII. In the cerebral cortex, catalytic subunits colocalized with clusters of RI, yet not all RI clusters were bound to catalytic subunits. In stria terminalis, catalytic subunits were in proximity to RI but separated from them. Catalytic subunits clusters were also present in the corpus striatum, where RII clusters were detected, whereas RI clusters were absent. Upon cAMP addition, the distribution of regulatory subunits did not change, while catalytic subunits were completely released from regulatory subunits. Unpredictably, catalytic subunits were not solubilized; instead, they re-targeted to other binding sites within the tissue, suggesting local macromolecular reorganization. Hence, the interactions between catalytic and regulatory subunits of protein kinase A consistently vary in different brain areas, supporting the idea of multiple interaction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mucignat-Caretta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, 00136 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Caretta
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, 00136 Roma, Italy
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
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14
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Szalóki Vargáné D, Tóth L, Buglyó B, Kiss-Szikszai A, Mándi A, Mátyus P, Antus S, Chen Y, Li D, Tao L, Zhang H, Kurtán T. [1,5]-Hydride Shift-Cyclization versus C(sp 2)-H Functionalization in the Knoevenagel-Cyclization Domino Reactions of 1,4- and 1,5-Benzoxazepines. Molecules 2020; 25:E1265. [PMID: 32168821 PMCID: PMC7144003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Domino cyclization reactions of N-aryl-1,4- and 1,5-benzoxazepine derivatives involving [1,5]-hydride shift or C(sp2)-H functionalization were investigated. Neuroprotective and acetylcholinesterase activities of the products were studied. Domino Knoevenagel-[1,5]-hydride shift-cyclization reaction of N-aryl-1,4-benzoxazepine derivatives with 1,3-dicarbonyl reagents having active methylene group afforded the 1,2,8,9-tetrahydro-7bH-quinolino [1,2-d][1,4]benzoxazepine scaffold with different substitution pattern. The C(sp3)-H activation step of the tertiary amine moiety occurred with complete regioselectivity and the 6-endo cyclization took place in a complete diastereoselective manner. In two cases, the enantiomers of the chiral condensed new 1,4-benzoxazepine systems were separated by chiral HPLC, HPLC-ECD spectra were recorded, and absolute configurations were determined by time-dependent density functional theory- electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculations. In contrast, the analogue reaction of the regioisomeric N-aryl-1,5-benzoxazepine derivative did not follow the above mechanism but instead the Knoevenagel intermediate reacted in an SEAr reaction [C(sp2)-H functionalization] resulting in a condensed acridane derivative. The AChE inhibitory assays of the new derivatives revealed that the acridane derivative had a 6.98 μM IC50 value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Szalóki Vargáné
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, Debrecen 4002, Hungary; (D.S.V.); (L.T.); (B.B.); (A.K.-S.); (A.M.)
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - László Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, Debrecen 4002, Hungary; (D.S.V.); (L.T.); (B.B.); (A.K.-S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Balázs Buglyó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, Debrecen 4002, Hungary; (D.S.V.); (L.T.); (B.B.); (A.K.-S.); (A.M.)
| | - Attila Kiss-Szikszai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, Debrecen 4002, Hungary; (D.S.V.); (L.T.); (B.B.); (A.K.-S.); (A.M.)
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, Debrecen 4002, Hungary; (D.S.V.); (L.T.); (B.B.); (A.K.-S.); (A.M.)
| | - Péter Mátyus
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Public Services, Semmelweis University, Ferenc tér 15, Budapest 1094, Hungary;
| | - Sándor Antus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, Debrecen 4002, Hungary; (D.S.V.); (L.T.); (B.B.); (A.K.-S.); (A.M.)
| | - Yinghan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Lingxue Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; (L.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; (L.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, Debrecen 4002, Hungary; (D.S.V.); (L.T.); (B.B.); (A.K.-S.); (A.M.)
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15
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Leonetti A, Baroli G, Fratini E, Pietropaoli S, Marcoli M, Mariottini P, Cervelli M. Epileptic seizures and oxidative stress in a mouse model over-expressing spermine oxidase. Amino Acids 2020; 52:129-139. [PMID: 31197571 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated high polyamine levels in brain diseases such as epilepsy. Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder and affects people of all ages. Excitotoxic stress has been associated with epilepsy and it is considered one of the main causes of neuronal degeneration and death. The transgenic mouse line Dach-SMOX, with CD1 background, specifically overexpressing spermine oxidase in brain cortex, has been proven to be highly susceptible to epileptic seizures and excitotoxic stress induced by kainic acid. In this study, we analysed the effect of spermine oxidase over-expression in a different epileptic model, pentylenetetrazole. Behavioural evaluations of transgenic mice compared to controls showed a higher susceptibility towards pentylentetrazole. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of transgenic brain from treated mice revealed altered polyamine content. Immunoistochemical analysis indicated a rise of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, demonstrating an increase in oxidative damage, and an augmentation of system xc- as a defence mechanism. This cascade of events can be initially linked to an increase in protein kinase C alpha, as shown by Western blot. This research points out the role of spermine oxidase, as a hydrogen peroxide producer, in the oxidative stress during epilepsy. Moreover, Dach-SMOX susceptibility demonstrated by two different epileptic models strongly indicates this transgenic mouse line as a potential animal model to study epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Leonetti
- Department of Science, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Baroli
- Department of Science, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Science, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pietropaoli
- Department of Science, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariottini
- Department of Science, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium of Structural and Systems Biology, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Cervelli
- Department of Science, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
- Interuniversity Consortium of Structural and Systems Biology, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Manukhina EB, Tseilikman VE, Karpenko MN, Pestereva NS, Tseilikman OB, Komelkova MV, Kondashevskaya MV, Goryacheva AV, Lapshin MS, Platkovskii PO, Sarapultsev AP, Alliluev AV, Downey HF. Intermittent Hypoxic Conditioning Alleviates Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Induced Damage and Dysfunction of Rat Visceral Organs and Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010345. [PMID: 31948051 PMCID: PMC6981426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes mental and somatic diseases. Intermittent hypoxic conditioning (IHC) has cardio-, vaso-, and neuroprotective effects and alleviates experimental PTSD. IHC’s ability to alleviate harmful PTSD effects on rat heart, liver, and brain was examined. PTSD was induced by 10-day exposure to cat urine scent (PTSD rats). Some rats were then adapted to 14-day IHC (PTSD+IHC rats), while PTSD and untreated control rats were cage rested. PTSD rats had a higher anxiety index (AI, X-maze test), than control or PTSD+IHC rats. This higher AI was associated with reduced glycogen content and histological signs of metabolic and hypoxic damage and of impaired contractility. The livers of PTSD rats had reduced glycogen content. Liver and blood alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities of PTSD rats were significantly increased. PTSD rats had increased norepinephrine concentration and decreased monoamine oxidase A activity in cerebral cortex. The PTSD-induced elevation of carbonylated proteins and lipid peroxidation products in these organs reflects oxidative stress, a known cause of organ pathology. IHC alleviated PTSD-induced metabolic and structural injury and reduced oxidative stress. Therefore, IHC is a promising preventive treatment for PTSD-related morphological and functional damage to organs, due, in part, to IHC’s reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia B. Manukhina
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Laboratory for Regulatory Mechanisms of Stress and Adaptation, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Vadim E. Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Marina N. Karpenko
- I.P. Pavlov Physiology Department, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Nina S. Pestereva
- I.P. Pavlov Physiology Department, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Olga B. Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- School of Basic Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk 454001, Russia
| | - Maria V. Komelkova
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Marina V. Kondashevskaya
- Laboratory for Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Anna V. Goryacheva
- Laboratory for Regulatory Mechanisms of Stress and Adaptation, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Maxim S. Lapshin
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Pavel O. Platkovskii
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Alexey P. Sarapultsev
- Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Alliluev
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - H. Fred Downey
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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17
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Lombardo S, Chiacchiaretta M, Tarr A, Kim W, Cao T, Sigal G, Rosahl TW, Xia W, Haydon PG, Kennedy ME, Tesco G. BACE1 partial deletion induces synaptic plasticity deficit in adult mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19877. [PMID: 31882662 PMCID: PMC6934620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACE1 is the first enzyme involved in APP processing, thus it is a strong therapeutic target candidate for Alzheimer's disease. The observation of deleterious phenotypes in BACE1 Knock-out (KO) mouse models (germline and conditional) raised some concerns on the safety and tolerability of BACE1 inhibition. Here, we have employed a tamoxifen inducible BACE1 conditional Knock-out (cKO) mouse model to achieve a controlled partial depletion of BACE1 in adult mice. Biochemical and behavioural characterization was performed at two time points: 4-5 months (young mice) and 12-13 months (aged mice). A ~50% to ~70% BACE1 protein reduction in hippocampus and cortex, respectively, induced a significant reduction of BACE1 substrates processing and decrease of Aβx-40 levels at both ages. Hippocampal axonal guidance and peripheral nerve myelination were not affected. Aged mice displayed a CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) deficit that was not associated with memory impairment. Our findings indicate that numerous phenotypes observed in germline BACE1 KO reflect a fundamental role of BACE1 during development while other phenotypes, observed in adult cKO, may be absent when partially rather than completely deleting BACE1. However, we demonstrated that partial depletion of BACE1 still induces CA1 LTP impairment, supporting a role of BACE1 in synaptic plasticity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Lombardo
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Martina Chiacchiaretta
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Andrew Tarr
- Circuits and Behaviour Core, Center for Neuroscience Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - WonHee Kim
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Tingyi Cao
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Griffin Sigal
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Thomas W Rosahl
- External In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Weiming Xia
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinic Center, Bedford Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Philip G Haydon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | | | - Giuseppina Tesco
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA.
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Chang W, Huang D, Lo YM, Tee Q, Kuo P, Wu JS, Huang W, Shen S. Protective Effect of Caffeic Acid against Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis via Modulating Cerebral Insulin Signaling, β-Amyloid Accumulation, and Synaptic Plasticity in Hyperinsulinemic Rats. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:7684-7693. [PMID: 31203623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the alleviative effect of caffeic acid (CA) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and associated mechanisms in high-fat (HF) diet-induced hyperinsulinemic rats. The results of a Morris water maze indicated that, by administrating CA (30 mg/kg b.w./day) for 30 weeks, the memory and learning impairments in HF-induced hyperinsulinemic rats were significantly ameliorated. CA also enhanced superoxide dismutase and glutathione free radical scavenger activity in hyperinsulinemic rats. The Western blot data further confirmed that protein expressions of phosphorylated-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) were significantly increased, whereas the expression of phosphorylated-tau protein decreased in the hippocampus of rats administered with CA in comparison with the HF group. Moreover, the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-site APP cleaving enzyme were attenuated, subsequently lowering the level of β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ 1-42) in the hippocampus of CA-treated hyperinsulinemic rats. CA also significantly increased the expression of synaptic proteins in HF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Chang
- Department of Food Science , National Chiayi University , No. 300, Syuefu Road , Chiayi City 60004 , Taiwan
| | - Dawei Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology , Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology , No. 1, Nan-Tai Street , Yungkang District, Tainan City 710 , Taiwan
| | - Y Martin Lo
- Institute for Advanced Study , Shenzhen University , 3688 Nanhai Blvd , Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Qinqiao Tee
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science , National Taiwan Normal University , No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Road , Taipei 10610 , Taiwan
| | - Poling Kuo
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science , National Taiwan Normal University , No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Road , Taipei 10610 , Taiwan
| | - James Swibea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology , National Taiwan University , P.O. Box 23-14, Taipei 10672 , Taiwan
| | - Wenchung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , No. 261, Wenhua First Road , Guishan District, Taoyuan 33303 , Taiwan
| | - Szuchuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science , National Taiwan Normal University , No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Road , Taipei 10610 , Taiwan
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Giatti S, Diviccaro S, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC. Sex differences in the brain expression of steroidogenic molecules under basal conditions and after gonadectomy. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12736. [PMID: 31102564 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a steroidogenic tissue. It expresses key molecules involved in the synthesis and metabolism of neuroactive steroids, such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3β-HSD), 5α-reductases (5α-R) and 3α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductases (3α-HSOR). Previous studies have shown that the levels of brain steroids are different in male and female rats under basal conditions and after gonadectomy. In the present study, we assessed gene expression of key neurosteroidogenic molecules in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of gonadally intact and gonadectomised adult male and female rats. In the cerebellum, the basal mRNA levels of StAR and 3α-HSOR were significantly higher in females than in males. By contrast, the mRNA levels of TSPO and 5α-R were significantly higher in males. In the cerebral cortex, all neurosteroidogenic molecules analysed showed similar mRNA levels in males and females. Gonadectomy increased the expression of 5α-R in the brain of both sexes, although it affected the brain expression of StAR, TSPO, P450scc and 3α-HSOR in females only and with regional differences. Although protein levels were not investigated in the present study, our findings indicate that mRNA expression of steroidogenic molecules in the adult rat brain is sexually dimorphic and presents regional specificity, both under basal conditions and after gonadectomy. Thus, local steroidogenesis may contribute to the reported sex and regional differences in the levels of brain neuroactive steroids and may be involved in the generation of sex differences in the adult brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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20
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Domingues JT, Wajima CS, Cesconetto PA, Parisotto EB, Winkelmann-Duarte E, Santos KD, Saleh N, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Razzera G, Mena Barreto Silva FR, Pessoa-Pureur R, Zamoner A. Experimentally-induced maternal hypothyroidism alters enzyme activities and the sensorimotor cortex of the offspring rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 478:62-76. [PMID: 30031104 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used an experimental model of congenital hypothyroidism to show that deficient thyroid hormones (TH) disrupt different neurochemical, morphological and functional aspects in the cerebral cortex of 15-day-old offspring. Our results showing decreased glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and Ca2+ overload in the cerebral cortex of hypothyroid pups suggest misregulated glutamate metabolism associated with developmentally induced TH deficiency. The 14C-MeAIB accumulation indicates upregulated System A activity and glutamine uptake by neurons. Energy metabolism in hypothyroid cortical slices was preserved, as demonstrated by unaltered glucose metabolism. We also found upregulated acetylcholinesterase activity, depleting acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft, pointing to disrupted cholinergic system. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) depletion, which were associated with glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and gamma-glutamyltransferase downregulation suggest redox imbalance. Disrupted astrocyte cytoskeleton was evidenced by downregulated and hyperphosphorylated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Morphological and structural characterization of the sensorimotor cerebral cortex (SCC) showed unaltered thickness of the SCC. However, decreased size of neurons on the layers II & III and IV in the right SCC and increased NeuN positive neurons in specific SCC layers, suggest that they are differently affected by the low TH levels during neurodevelopment. Hypothyroid pups presented increased number of foot-faults in the gridwalk test indicating affected motor functions. Taken together, our results show that congenital hypothyroidism disrupts glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, Ca2+ equilibrium, redox balance, cytoskeleton integrity, morphological and functional aspects in the cerebral cortex of young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Tonietto Domingues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carolinne Sayury Wajima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia Acordi Cesconetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Elisa Winkelmann-Duarte
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Karin Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Najla Saleh
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Razzera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Pessoa-Pureur
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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21
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Abidin İ, Aydin-Abidin S, Bodur A, İnce İ, Alver A. Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) heterozygous mice are more susceptible to synaptic protein loss in cerebral cortex during high fat diet. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:442-447. [PMID: 29277119 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1420666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study we aimed to investigate whether reduced BDNF levels aggravate the susceptibility of the brain to hazardous effects of high fat diet. For this purpose, we fed BDNF heterozygous mice and wild type littermates with normal and high fat diet for 16 weeks. Concentrations of two synaptic proteins (SNAP-25 and PSD-95) and oxidative stress parameters (MDA, SOD, CAT) were evaluated in the cortex after diet period. Interestingly, body weights of BDNF heterozygous groups fed with control diet were higher than their littermates and heterozygous mice fed with HFD were the heaviest in all experimental groups. MDA levels were significantly elevated in both HFD groups (wild type and BDNF(+/-)). Synaptic markers PSD-95 and SNAP-25 markedly decreased in BDNF(+/-) group fed with HFD compared to other groups. In conclusion, we suggest that endogenous BDNF has an important and possibly protective role in diet-induced changes in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Abidin
- a Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Selcen Aydin-Abidin
- a Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Akin Bodur
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - İmran İnce
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
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22
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Kunduri G, Turner-Evans D, Konya Y, Izumi Y, Nagashima K, Lockett S, Holthuis J, Bamba T, Acharya U, Acharya JK. Defective cortex glia plasma membrane structure underlies light-induced epilepsy in cpes mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8919-E8928. [PMID: 30185559 PMCID: PMC6156639 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808463115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures induced by visual stimulation (photosensitive epilepsy; PSE) represent a common type of epilepsy in humans, but the molecular mechanisms and genetic drivers underlying PSE remain unknown, and no good genetic animal models have been identified as yet. Here, we show an animal model of PSE, in Drosophila, owing to defective cortex glia. The cortex glial membranes are severely compromised in ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase (cpes)-null mutants and fail to encapsulate the neuronal cell bodies in the Drosophila neuronal cortex. Expression of human sphingomyelin synthase 1, which synthesizes the closely related ceramide phosphocholine (sphingomyelin), rescues the cortex glial abnormalities and PSE, underscoring the evolutionarily conserved role of these lipids in glial membranes. Further, we show the compromise in plasma membrane structure that underlies the glial cell membrane collapse in cpes mutants and leads to the PSE phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Kunduri
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | | | - Yutaka Konya
- Department of Metabolomics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Department of Metabolomics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Stephen Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Joost Holthuis
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Department of Metabolomics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Usha Acharya
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Jairaj K Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702;
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23
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Wang J, Ma MW, Dhandapani KM, Brann DW. NADPH oxidase 2 deletion enhances neurogenesis following traumatic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 123:62-71. [PMID: 29782989 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzyme family is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contributor to the secondary pathology underlying traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, little is known about how NOX-derived ROS influences the proliferation and cell-fate determination of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) following TBI. In the current study, we found that deletion of NOX2 (NOX2-KO) significantly decreases the population of radial glia-like NSCs and neuroblasts but maintains the population of non-radial Sox2 expressing stem cells under physiological (non-injury) conditions. Surprisingly, the brains of NOX2-KO mice demonstrated a robust increase in the number of neuroblasts during the first week after TBI, as compared to the wild-type group. This increase may result from an enhanced proliferation of NPCs in a lower ROS environment after brain injury, as further examination revealed a significant increase of dividing neuroblasts in both NOX2-KO and NOX inhibitor-treated mouse brain during the first week following TBI. Finally, 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) lineage tracing demonstrated a significantly increased number of newborn neurons were present in the perilesional cortex of NOX2-KO mice at 5 weeks post TBI, indicating that deletion of NOX2 promotes long-term neurogenesis in the injured brain following TBI. Altogether, these findings suggest that targeting NOX through genetic deletion or inhibition enhances post-injury neurogenesis, which may be beneficial for recovery following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Charlie Norwood Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA
| | - Merry W Ma
- Charlie Norwood Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Charlie Norwood Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Charlie Norwood Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA.
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24
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Kazkayasi I, Burul-Bozkurt N, Ismail MAM, Merino-Serrais P, Pekiner C, Cedazo-Minguez A, Uma S. Insulin deprivation decreases insulin degrading enzyme levels in primary cultured cortical neurons and in the cerebral cortex of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:677-683. [PMID: 29940507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inci Kazkayasi
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nihan Burul-Bozkurt
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammad-Al-Mustafa Ismail
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Paula Merino-Serrais
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Can Pekiner
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Serdar Uma
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Noël A, Zhou L, Foveau B, Sjöström PJ, LeBlanc AC. Differential susceptibility of striatal, hippocampal and cortical neurons to Caspase-6. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1319-1335. [PMID: 29352267 PMCID: PMC6030053 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Active cysteinyl protease Caspase-6 is associated with early Alzheimer and Huntington diseases. Higher entorhinal cortex and hippocampal Caspase-6 levels correlate with lower cognitive performance in aged humans. Caspase-6 induces axonal degeneration in human primary neuron cultures and causes inflammation and neurodegeneration in mouse hippocampus, and age-dependent memory impairment. To assess whether Caspase-6 causes damage to another neuronal system, a transgenic knock-in mouse overexpressing a self-activated form of Caspase-6 five-fold in the striatum, the area affected in Huntington disease, and 2.5-fold in the hippocampus and cortex, was generated. Detection of Tubulin cleaved by Caspase-6 confirmed Caspase-6 activity. The Caspase-6 expressing mice and control littermates were subjected to behavioral tests to assess Huntington disease-relevant psychiatric, motor, and cognitive deficits. Depression was excluded with the forced swim and sucrose consumption tests. Motor deficits were absent in the nesting, clasping, rotarod, vertical pole, gait, and open field analyzes. However, Caspase-6 mice developed age-dependent episodic and spatial memory deficits identified by novel object recognition, Barnes maze and Morris water maze assays. Neuron numbers were maintained in the striatum, hippocampus, and cortex. Microglia and astrocytes were increased in the hippocampal stratum lacunosum molecular and in the cortex, but not in the striatum. Synaptic mRNA profiling identified two differentially expressed genes in transgenic hippocampus, but none in striatum. Caspase-6 impaired synaptic transmission and induced neurodegeneration in hippocampal CA1 neurons, but not in striatal medium spiny neurons. These data revealed that active Caspase-6 in the striatal medium spiny neurons failed to induce inflammation, neurodegeneration or behavioral abnormalities, whereas active Caspase-6 in the cortex and hippocampus impaired episodic and spatial memories, and induced inflammation, neuronal dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. The results indicate age and neuronal subtype-dependent Caspase-6 toxicity and highlight the importance of targeting the correct neuronal subtype to identify underlying molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Noël
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin Côte Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3755 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Libin Zhou
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin Côte Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3755 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3755 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Bénédicte Foveau
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin Côte Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3755 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - P Jesper Sjöström
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3755 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The BRAIN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montréal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Andréa C LeBlanc
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin Côte Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3755 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3755 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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26
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Wang Z, Guo LM, Wang Y, Zhou HK, Wang SC, Chen D, Huang JF, Xiong K. Inhibition of HSP90α protects cultured neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation induced necroptosis by decreasing RIP3 expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4864-4884. [PMID: 29334122 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) maintains cell stabilization and regulates cell death, respectively. Recent studies have shown that HSP90α is involved in receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3)-mediated necroptosis in HT29 cells. It is known that oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) can induce necroptosis, which is regulated by RIP3 in neurons. However, it is still unclear whether HSP90α participates in the process of OGD-induced necroptosis in cultured neurons via the regulation of RIP3. Our study found that necroptosis occurs in primary cultured cortical neurons and PC-12 cells following exposure to OGD insult. Additionally, the expression of RIP3/p-RIP3, MLKL/p-MLKL, and the RIP1/RIP3 complex (necrosome) significantly increased following OGD, as measured through immunofluorescence (IF) staining, Western blotting (WB), and immunoprecipitation (IP) assay. Additionally, data from computer simulations and IP assays showed that HSP90α interacts with RIP3. In addition, HSP90α was overexpressed following OGD in cultured neurons, as measured through WB and IF staining. Inhibition of HSP90α in cultured neurons, using the specific inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA), and siRNA/shRNA of HSP90α, protected cultured neurons from necrosis. Our study showed that the inhibitor of HSP90α, GA, rescued cultured neurons not only by decreasing the expression of total RIP3/MLKL, but also by decreasing the expression of p-RIP3/p-MLKL and the RIP1/RIP3 necrosome. In this study, we reveal that inhibition of HSP90α protects primary cultured cortical neurons and PC-12 cells from OGD-induced necroptosis through the modulation of RIP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Min Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Kang Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shu-Chao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ju-Fang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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27
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Zheng J, Wang Y, Han S, Luo Y, Sun X, Zhu N, Zhao L, Li J. Identification of Protein Kinase C Isoforms Involved in Type 1 Diabetic Encephalopathy in Mice. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8431249. [PMID: 29744369 PMCID: PMC5878894 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8431249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by impaired cognitive functions. Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are rarely reported on diabetic encephalopathy, although they have been believed to play crucial roles in other diabetic complications. In this study, streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice were found to exhibit learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze test. Meanwhile, the expression of cPKCβII, nPKCε, and cPKCγ did not change in the hippocampus, cortex, and striatum at 2 and 8 weeks after STZ injection. The nPKCε translocation to the membrane, where it is activated, was not altered in the above brain regions at 2 and 8 weeks after STZ injection. Nevertheless, cPKCβII translocation to the membrane was significantly decreased in the cortex and hippocampus at 8 weeks after STZ injection. The translocation of cPKCγ from the cytosol to the membrane was remarkably decreased in the hippocampus at 2 and 8 weeks and in the cortex and striatum at 8 weeks after STZ injection. In addition, deletion of cPKCγ aggravated the impairment of spatial learning and memory. In conclusion, our results suggest that the decrease in the activity of cPKCβII and cPKCγ, especially cPKCγ, may play key roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanlin Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiuli Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Zanatta Â, Cecatto C, Ribeiro RT, Amaral AU, Wyse AT, Leipnitz G, Wajner M. S-Adenosylmethionine Promotes Oxidative Stress and Decreases Na +, K +-ATPase Activity in Cerebral Cortex Supernatants of Adolescent Rats: Implications for the Pathogenesis of S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Deficiency. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5868-5878. [PMID: 29101646 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) concentrations are highly elevated in tissues and biological fluids of patients affected by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency, who are clinically characterized by cerebral symptoms whose pathogenesis is still unknown. In the present work, we investigated the effects of AdoMet on redox homeostasis and on the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase in the cerebral cortex of young rats. AdoMet caused lipid peroxidation (increase of malondialdehyde concentrations) and protein oxidation (increase of carbonyl formation and decrease of sulfhydryl content). AdoMet also reduced the antioxidant defenses (reduced glutathione, GSH) and Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Furthermore, AdoMet-induced lipid peroxidation was fully prevented by the antioxidants trolox, melatonin, and resveratrol, and the decrease of GSH concentrations was abolished by trolox, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in these effects. In this context, AdoMet induced reactive oxygen (increase of 2',7'-dichloroflurescein-DCFH oxidation) but not nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite levels) species generation. Finally, the decrease of Na+, K+-ATPase activity provoked by AdoMet was totally prevented by trolox, implying a possible oxidation of cysteine groups of the enzyme that are critical for its function and highly susceptible to oxidative attack. It is also noted that adenosine and methionine did not alter the parameters evaluated, suggesting selective effects of AdoMet. Our data strongly indicate that disturbance of redox homeostasis caused by a major metabolite (AdoMet) accumulating in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency may represent a deleterious mechanism of brain damage in this disease. Finally, reduction of Na+, K+-ATPase activity provoked by AdoMet may lead to impaired neurotransmission, but disturbance of this system should be better clarified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Zanatta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cecatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Ts Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Amat S, Hendrick S, Moshynskyy I, Simko E. Reduced activities of thiamine-dependent and cytochrome c oxidase enzymes in cerebral cortex of cattle affected by sulfur-induced polioencephalomalacia. Can J Vet Res 2017; 81:242-248. [PMID: 29081580 PMCID: PMC5644450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-induced polioencephalomalacia (PEM) is an important disease affecting cattle in certain geographical regions. However, the pathogenesis of brain damage is not completely understood. We previously observed that excess dietary sulfur may influence thiamine status and altered thiamine metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of sulfur-induced PEM in cattle. In this study, we evaluated the activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes [α-ketogluterate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)] and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in the cerebral cortex of sulfur-induced PEM-affected cattle (n = 9) and clinically normal cattle (n = 8, each group) exposed to low or high dietary sulfur [LS = 0.30% versus HS = 0.67% sulfur on a dry matter (DM) basis]. Enzyme activities in PEM brains were measured from the brain tissue regions and examined using ultraviolent (UV) light illumination to show fluorescence or non-fluorescence regions. No gross changes under regular or UV light, or histopathological changes indicative of PEM were detected in the brains of cattle exposed to LS or HS diets. The PDH, α-KGDH, and COX activities did not differ between LS and HS brains, but all enzymes showed significantly lower (P < 0.05) activities in UV-positive region of PEM brains compared with LS and HS brains. The UV-negative regions of PEM brain had similar PDH activities to LS and HS brains, but the activities of α-KGDH and COX were significantly lower than in LS and HS brains. The results of this study suggest that reduced enzyme activities of brain PHD, α-KGDH, and COX are associated with the pathogenesis of sulfur-induced PEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samat Amat
- Address all correspondence to Mr. Samat Amat; telephone: (403) 317-2168; e-mail: ; or Dr. Elemir Simko; telephone: (306) 966-7307; fax: (306) 966-7439; e-mail:
| | | | | | - Elemir Simko
- Address all correspondence to Mr. Samat Amat; telephone: (403) 317-2168; e-mail: ; or Dr. Elemir Simko; telephone: (306) 966-7307; fax: (306) 966-7439; e-mail:
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Gil-Ibáñez P, Belinchón MM, Morte B, Obregón MJ, Bernal J. Is the Intrinsic Genomic Activity of Thyroxine Relevant In Vivo? Effects on Gene Expression in Primary Cerebrocortical and Neuroblastoma Cells. Thyroid 2017; 27:1092-1098. [PMID: 28605984 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possibility that the intrinsic genomic activity of thyroxine (T4) is of physiological relevance has been frequently hypothesized. It might explain gene expression patterns in the brain found in type 2-deiodinase (Dio2)-deficient mice. These mice display normal expression of most thyroid hormone-dependent genes, despite decreased brain triiodothyronine (T3). METHODS The relative effects of T4 and T3 on gene expression were analyzed in mouse neuro-2a (N2a) cells stably expressing the thyroid hormone receptor α1, and in primary mouse cerebrocortical cells enriched in astrocytes or in neurons. Cortical cells were derived from Dio2-deficient mice to prevent conversion of T4 to T3. T4 and T3 were measured in the media at the beginning and end of incubation, and T4 and T3 antibodies were used to block T4 and T3 action. RESULTS In all cell types, T4 had intrinsic genomic activity. In N2a cells, T4 activity was higher on negative regulation (1/5th of T3 activity) than on positive regulation (1/40th of T3 activity). T4 activity on positive regulation was dependent on the cell context, and was higher in primary cells than in N2a cells. CONCLUSION T4 has intrinsic genomic activity. Positive regulation depends on the cell context, and primary cells appear much more sensitive than neuroblastoma cells. In all cells, negative regulation is more sensitive to T4 than positive regulation. These properties may explain the mostly normal gene expression in the brain of Dio2-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gil-Ibáñez
- 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 2 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica M Belinchón
- 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 2 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Morte
- 2 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Obregón
- 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Bernal
- 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 2 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
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Wang ZY, Ma JJ, Guan HY, Tian Y, Ren XJ, Ma HF. [Effect of Electroacupuncture on Cerebro-cortex Caspase-3 Expression and Blood Lipid Levels in Hyperlipemia Rats with Cerebral Ischemia]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2017; 42:119-124. [PMID: 29071958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Fenglong" (ST 40), "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) plus manual acupuncture (MA) stimulation of "Shuigou" (GV 26) and "Baihui" (GV 20) on Caspase-3 protein expression in the cerebral cortex of rats with hyperlipemia and cerebral ischemia(HL-CI),so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of HL-CI. METHODS Forty-five rats were randomly divided into normal control,sham operation,model,EA group I(EA+MA was given for 14 days, i.e., 7 days before CI, and 7 days more after HL-CI)and EA group Ⅱ (EA+MA was given for only 7 days after HL-CI),with 9 rats being in each group. The HL-CI model was established by feeding the animals with high fat forage for 6 weeks and then making an occlusion of the unilateral middle cerebral artery by regional application of quantitative paper adsorbing 50% FeCl3 solution (10 μL). Rats of the sham operation group were treated with the same procedures only without application of FeCl3 solution. For rats of the EA group I,EA (1-3 mA, 2 Hz/100 Hz) was applied to bilateral acupoints SP 6 and ST 40 (for 20 min),and MA stimulation applied to GV 26 and GV 20. EA was conducted once daily for 7 days after 6 weeks' high fat fo-rage feeding, and EA+MA intervention was conducted once daily for 7 days after CI modeling. For rats in the EA group Ⅱ, EA+MA was applied to the same 4 acupoints once a day for 7 days only after CI modeling. The neurological impairment was assessed by Zea Longa's scoring. The blood sample was taken from the abdominal aorta for measuring the contents of serum cholesterol (CHO),triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Pathological changes of the cerebral cortex were observed after H.E. staining, and the expression of cerebro-cortex Caspase-3 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Following modeling,the neurological score,CHO, TG and LDL-C contents, and the number of Caspase-3 positive cells as well as Caspase-3 immunoactivity level were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.05), while serum HDL-C level was obviously decreased(P<0.05). After the treatment,the increased neurological score, CHO, TG and LDL-C contents, and the number of Caspase-3 positive cells and Caspase-3 immunoactivity level were considerably decreased in the EA group I and Ⅱ(P<0.05)while the decreased HDL-C level was notably increased relevant to the model group(P<0.05). The effects of the EA group I were notably superior to those of EA group Ⅱ in down-regulating the neurological score,CHO, TG and LDL-C levels and the expression of Caspase-3 protein(P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the normal control and sham operation groups in the neurological scores 20 min and 7 days after modeling and Caspase-3 expression levels (P>0.05). H.E. staining showed a reduction of the apoptotic cells and inflammatory cells in both EA group I and Ⅱ. CONCLUSIONS Both EA and EA+MA interventions can improve neurological function in HL-CI rats,which may be related to their effects in adjusting the levels of serum lipids and down-regulating the expression of cell apoptosis-related Caspase-3 protein in the ischemic cortex. Moreover, the cerebral ischemia injury may be lightened by EA-lowering hyperlipemia first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Yu Wang
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia-Jia Ma
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han-Yu Guan
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yao Tian
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Ren
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui-Fang Ma
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Jeon YM, Lee S, Kim S, Kwon Y, Kim K, Chung CG, Lee S, Lee SB, Kim HJ. Neuroprotective Effects of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibition against ER Stress-Induced Toxicity. Mol Cells 2017; 40:280-290. [PMID: 28359145 PMCID: PMC5424274 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is known to regulate the ER stress signaling pathway, but its role in neuronal systems in terms of ER stress remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that rotenone-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma cell lines and mouse primary cortical neurons was ameliorated by PTP1B inhibition. Moreover, the increase in the level of ER stress markers (eIF2α phosphorylation and PERK phosphorylation) induced by rotenone treatment was obviously suppressed by concomitant PTP1B inhibition. However, the rotenone-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was not affected by PTP1B inhibition, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of the PTP1B inhibitor is not associated with ROS production. Moreover, we found that MG132-induced toxicity involving proteasome inhibition was also ameliorated by PTP1B inhibition in a human neuroblastoma cell line and mouse primary cortical neurons. Consistently, downregulation of the PTP1B homologue gene in Drosophila mitigated rotenone- and MG132-induced toxicity. Taken together, these findings indicate that PTP1B inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic approach for ER stress-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Jeon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068,
Korea
| | - Shinrye Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068,
Korea
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068,
Korea
| | - Younghwi Kwon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068,
Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538,
Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068,
Korea
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Canto de Souza L, Provensi G, Vullo D, Carta F, Scozzafava A, Costa A, Schmidt SD, Passani MB, Supuran CT, Blandina P. Carbonic anhydrase activation enhances object recognition memory in mice through phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the cortex and the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2017; 118:148-156. [PMID: 28286213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rats injected with by d-phenylalanine, a carbonic anhydrase (CA) activator, enhanced spatial learning, whereas rats given acetazolamide, a CA inhibitor, exhibited impairments of fear memory consolidation. However, the related mechanisms are unclear. We investigated if CAs are involved in a non-spatial recognition memory task assessed using the object recognition test (ORT). Systemic administration of acetazolamide to male CD1 mice caused amnesia in the ORT and reduced CA activity in brain homogenates, while treatment with d-phenylalanine enhanced memory and increased CA activity. We provided also the first evidence that d-phenylalanine administration rapidly activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, a critical step for memory formation, in the cortex and the hippocampus, two brain areas involved in memory processing. Effects elicited by d-phenylalanine were completely blunted by co-administration of acetazolamide, but not of 1-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl-ethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium perchlorate (C18), a CA inhibitor that, differently from acetazolamide, does not cross the blood brain barrier. Our results strongly suggest that brain but not peripheral CAs activation potentiates memory as a result of ERK pathway enhanced activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Canto de Souza
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Scozzafava
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessia Costa
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Scheila Daiane Schmidt
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Patrizio Blandina
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
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Akinyemi AJ, Okonkwo PK, Faboya OA, Onikanni SA, Fadaka A, Olayide I, Akinyemi EO, Oboh G. Curcumin improves episodic memory in cadmium induced memory impairment through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and adenosine deaminase activities in a rat model. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:87-95. [PMID: 27491636 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, the main polyphenolic component of turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes has been reported to exert cognitive enhancing potential with limited scientific basis. Hence, this study sought to evaluate the effect of curcumin on cerebral cortex acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in cadmium (Cd)-induced memory impairment in rats. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 6): saline/vehicle, saline/curcumin 12.5 mg/kg, saline/curcumin 25 mg/kg, Cd/vehicle, Cd/curcumin 12.5 mg/kg, and Cd/curcumin 25 mg/kg. Rats received Cd (2.5 mg/kg) and curcumin (12.5 and 25 mg/kg, respectively) by gavage for 7 days. The results of this study revealed that cerebral cortex AChE and ADA activities were increased in Cd-poisoned rats, and curcumin co-treatment reversed these activities to the control levels. Furthermore, Cd intoxication increased the level of lipid peroxidation in cerebral cortex with a concomitant decreased in functional sulfuhydryl (-SH) group and nitric oxide (NO), a potent neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory agent. However, the co-treatment with curcumin at 12.5 and 25 mg/kg, respectively increased the non-enzymatic antioxidant status and NO in cerebral cortex with a decreased in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Therefore, inhibition of AChE and ADA activities as well as increased antioxidant status by curcumin in Cd-induced memory dysfunction could suggest some possible mechanism of action for their cognitive enhancing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi
- Department of Chemical Science, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5454, Nigeria.
| | - Princess Kamsy Okonkwo
- Department of Chemical Science, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5454, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Ayodeji Faboya
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5363, Nigeria
- Department of Clinical Science, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Amos Onikanni
- Department of Chemical Science, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5454, Nigeria
| | - Adewale Fadaka
- Department of Chemical Science, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5454, Nigeria
| | - Israel Olayide
- Department of Chemical Science, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5454, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Olufisayo Akinyemi
- Center for Child and Adolescence Mental Health (CCAMH), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Singh V, Kahol A, Singh IP, Saraf I, Shri R. Evaluation of anti-amnesic effect of extracts of selected Ocimum species using in-vitro and in-vivo models. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:490-499. [PMID: 27725240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ocimum species are traditionally used for the treatment of anxiety, nerve pain, convulsions and a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-amnesic effect of O. basilicum L., O. sanctum L. and O. gratissimum L. extracts using in-vitro and in-vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and antioxidant activities of hydro-methanol extracts of plants were evaluated using Ellman and DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. The most active extract i.e. O. basilicum extract (OBE) was further explored for the possible anti-amnesic activity in mouse model of scopolamine induced amnesia using behavioral models (elevated plus maze and passive shock avoidance task). Brain AChE activity, oxidative profile and histopathological studies were assessed to outline the anti-amnesic mechanism of the extract. RESULTS Significant antioxidant and AChE inhibition activity was observed with all prepared extracts and however, OBE showed most marked free radical scavenging, reducing power and AChE inhibition (IC50 0.65±0.15mg/ml) activity. Basil leaves were standardized with respect to content of 7 phenolic acids using a HPLC-PDA method. A TLC densitometric method was employed to determine the quercetin content in the leaves. The in-vivo studies showed that OBE pre-treatment (200 and 400mg/kg, p.o.) reversed the memory deficit induced by scopolamine in mice, evident by significant (p<0.05) decrease in the transfer latency time and increase in step down latency in elevated plus maze and passive shock avoidance task, respectively. Moreover, OBE significantly reduced the brain AChE activity and oxidative stress. Further, histopathological examination of brain tissues displayed decrease in vacuolated cytoplasm and increase in pyramidal cells in hippocampal and cortical regions with OBE pre-treatment. CONCLUSION OBE possesses antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activity. These biochemical changes are responsible for the anti-amnesic and neuroprotective activities of O. basilicum which may be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. This can be developed as an effective anti-amnesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Aditi Kahol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Natural products, NIPER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Isha Saraf
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Natural products, NIPER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Bart Martens M, Frega M, Classen J, Epping L, Bijvank E, Benevento M, van Bokhoven H, Tiesinga P, Schubert D, Nadif Kasri N. Euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 regulates cortical neuronal network development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35756. [PMID: 27767173 PMCID: PMC5073331 DOI: 10.1038/srep35756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations or deletions in the human Euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) gene cause Kleefstra syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by autistic-like features and severe intellectual disability (ID). Neurodevelopmental disorders including ID and autism may be related to deficits in activity-dependent wiring of brain circuits during development. Although Kleefstra syndrome has been associated with dendritic and synaptic defects in mice and Drosophila, little is known about the role of EHMT1 in the development of cortical neuronal networks. Here we used micro-electrode arrays and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to investigate the impact of EHMT1 deficiency at the network and single cell level. We show that EHMT1 deficiency impaired neural network activity during the transition from uncorrelated background action potential firing to synchronized network bursting. Spontaneous bursting and excitatory synaptic currents were transiently reduced, whereas miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents were not affected. Finally, we show that loss of function of EHMT1 ultimately resulted in less regular network bursting patterns later in development. These data suggest that the developmental impairments observed in EHMT1-deficient networks may result in a temporal misalignment between activity-dependent developmental processes thereby contributing to the pathophysiology of Kleefstra syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bart Martens
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Frega
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica Classen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Epping
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elske Bijvank
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Benevento
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Tiesinga
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Wood CE, Giroux D. Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in the Ovine Fetal Brain: Alteration by Hormonal and Hemodynamic Stimuli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:329-37. [PMID: 16753312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized in the brain through the action of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The local generation of NO in neurons, glia, and vasculature modulates neuronal activity, as well as regional cerebral blood flow. We propose that, in the fetal brain, cerebral hypoperfusion alters the expression of NOS isoforms, and that estrogen administration modulates the NOS response to hypoperfusion. METHODS Sixteen chronically catheterized fetal sheep of known gestational age (124 to 128 days' gestation) were subjected to a 10-minute period of brachiocephalic occlusion (BCO) or to sham BCO; half of these fetuses were subjected to subcutaneous implant, which released 17beta-estradiol (E2; 0.25 mg/d) or placebo. Brain tissue was collected for mRNA and protein extraction 1 hour after the start of the BCO or sham BCO. RESULTS All three isoforms of NOS were identified in fetal brain at both the mRNA and protein levels. BCO increased NOS1 (hippocampus, brainstem), NOS2 (hypothalamus), and NOS3 (hippocampus, cortex) at the protein level. Estradiol alone increased NOS1 (brainstem, cortex), NOS2 (hippocampus, hypothalamus), and NOS3 (brainstem, cerebellum) at the protein level, changes that were not mirrored at the mRNA level. The combination of BCO and estradiol produced smaller changes in NOS1 (brainstem, cortex), NOS2 (hippocampus, hypothalamus), and NOS3 (brainstem) protein levels than those produced by either stimulus alone. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the fetal brain expresses all isoforms of NOS, and that NOS expression is altered by both BCO and estradiol, but that the most prevalent effect of estradiol is to reduce specific NOS responses to cerebral hypoperfusion. The present results suggest the possibility that the neuroendocrine responses to estradiol and BCO are modulated by central nervous system (CNS) NO biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Wood
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0274, USA.
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Cervetto C, Vergani L, Passalacqua M, Ragazzoni M, Venturini A, Cecconi F, Berretta N, Mercuri N, D'Amelio M, Maura G, Mariottini P, Voci A, Marcoli M, Cervelli M. Astrocyte-Dependent Vulnerability to Excitotoxicity in Spermine Oxidase-Overexpressing Mouse. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:50-68. [PMID: 26530396 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice overexpressing spermine oxidase (SMO) in the cerebral cortex (Dach-SMO mice) showed increased vulnerability to excitotoxic brain injury and kainate-induced epileptic seizures. To investigate the mechanisms by which SMO overexpression leads to increased susceptibility to kainate excitotoxicity and seizure, in the cerebral cortex of Dach-SMO and control mice we assessed markers for astrocyte proliferation and neuron loss, and the ability of kainate to evoke glutamate release from nerve terminals and astrocyte processes. Moreover, we assessed a possible role of astrocytes in an in vitro model of epileptic-like activity in combined cortico-hippocampal slices recorded with a multi-electrode array device. In parallel, as the brain is a major metabolizer of oxygen and yet has relatively feeble protective antioxidant mechanisms, we analyzed the oxidative status of the cerebral cortex of both SMO-overexpressing and control mice by evaluating enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavengers such as metallothioneins. The main findings in the cerebral cortex of Dach-SMO mice as compared to controls are the following: astrocyte activation and neuron loss; increased oxidative stress and activation of defense mechanisms involving both neurons and astrocytes; increased susceptibility to kainate-evoked cortical epileptogenic activity, dependent on astrocyte function; appearance of a glutamate-releasing response to kainate from astrocyte processes due to activation of Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors in Dach-SMO mice. We conclude that reactive astrocytosis and activation of glutamate release from astrocyte processes might contribute, together with increased reactive oxygen species production, to the vulnerability to kainate excitotoxicity in Dach-SMO mice. This mouse model with a deregulated polyamine metabolism would shed light on roles for astrocytes in increasing vulnerability to excitotoxic neuron injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cervetto
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Via L. B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Milena Ragazzoni
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Arianna Venturini
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicola Berretta
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Medical School Campus, Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariottini
- Department of Sciences, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium of Structural and Systems Biology, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Voci
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy.
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Manuela Cervelli
- Department of Sciences, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
- Interuniversity Consortium of Structural and Systems Biology, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy.
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Pejic S, Stojikjkovic V, Todorovic A, Gavrilovic L, Pavlovic I, Popovic N, Pajovic SB. Antioxidant Enzymes in Brain Cortex of Rats Exposed to Acute, Chronic and Combined Stress. Folia Biol (Praha) 2016; 64:189-195. [PMID: 29847079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study deals with manganese superoxide dismutase, copper, zinc superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in brain cortex of Wistar rats exposed to acute stress (immobilization or cold for 2 h), chronic stress (long-term isolation or long-term forced swimming for 21 days), or to combined chronic/acute stress. We observed that i) single episodes of acute stress by immobilization increased activity of both superoxide dismutases; ii) both types of chronic stresses significantly elevated activities of all examined enzymes; iii) chronic social isolation was a much stronger stressor than physical stress by swimming; iv) in animals pre-exposed to chronic isolation, additional stress by immobilization or cold significantly decreased previously elevated activities of all enzymes, while after chronic swimming, acute immobilization lowered only catalase activity. The obtained results indicate that stress conditions most probably altered the cell redox equilibrium, thus influencing the antioxidant response in brain cortex. Further investigation of neuronal prooxidant/antioxidant cellular conditions is needed to improve the prevention and treatment of various stress induced diseases.
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Kozlova DI, Vasylev DS, Dubrovskaya NM, Nalivaeva NN, Tumanova NL, Zhuravin IA. [ROLE OF CASPASE-3 IN REGULATION OF THE CONTENT OF THE AMYLOID-DEGRADING NEUROPEPTIDASE NEPRILYSIN IN THE CORTEX OF RATS AFTER HYPOXIA]. Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol 2015; 51:427-430. [PMID: 26983277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the effect of a caspase-3 inhibitor on the content of the amyloid-degrading neuropeptidase neprilysin (NEP) in the cortex of rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia (7% O2, 3 h) on the 14-th day of the embryonic development (E14) was performed. It was found that rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia on days 20-30 after birth have an increased content and activity of caspase-3 with reduced levels of NEP and of the C-terminal fragment of the amyloid precursor protein (AICD) regulating NEP expression. In hypoxic animals 3 days after a single injection of a caspase inhibitor (i. v., Ac-DEVD-CHO, P20) the content of AICD and NEP was found to be increased up to the levels observed in control rats. The data obtained suggest that the increase of caspase-3 enzyme activity could affect NEP expression via proteolytic degradation of its transcription factor AICD. These data for the first time demonstrate the role of caspases in AICD-dependent regulation of NEP production in the brain of mammals under hypoxic conditions.
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Tang W, Cheng JP, Yang YC, Wang WH. Assessing Adverse Effects of Aroclor 1254 on Perinatally Exposed Rat Offspring. Biomed Environ Sci 2015; 28:687-690. [PMID: 26464258 DOI: 10.3967/bes2015.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To assess the neurotoxic effects and redox responses of Aroclor 1254 (A1254) on perinatally exposed rat offspring, A1254 was administered by gavage from gestational day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. Neurobehavioral development, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and NO synthase (NOS) levels were analyzed in the offspring. Neurobehavioral development analysis revealed delayed appearance of the righting reflex, negative geotaxis, and cliff drop test responses in A1254 exposed group. Developmental A1254 exposure also caused oxidative stress in the brain of PND 22 offspring via reductions in the activity of SOD and GSH-Px, and by promoting a rise in the levels of NO and NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jin Ping Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Chen Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen Hua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Ko AR, Kim JY, Hyun HW, Kim JE. Endothelial NOS activation induces the blood-brain barrier disruption via ER stress following status epilepticus. Brain Res 2015; 1622:163-73. [PMID: 26115585 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains the unique brain microenvironment, which is separated from the systemic circulating system. Since the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important cell organelle that is responsible for protein synthesis, the correct folding and sorting of proteins contributing to cell survivals, ER stress is a potential cause of cell damage in various diseases. Therefore, it would be worthy to explore the the relationship between the ER stress and BBB disruption during vasogenic edema formation induced by epileptogenic insults. In the present study, we investigated the roles of ER stress in vasogenic edema and its related events in rat epilepsy models provoked by pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). SE-induced eNOS activation induces BBB breakdown via up-regulation of GRP78 expression and dysfunction of SMI-71 (an endothelial BBB marker) in the piriform cortex (PC). In addition, caveolin-1 peptide (an eNOS inhibitor) effectively attenuated GRP78 expression and down-regulation of SMI-71. Taken together, our findings suggest that eNOS-mediated ER stress may participate in SE-induced vasogenic edema formation. Therefore, the modulation of ER stress may be a considerable strategy for therapy in impairments of endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Reum Ko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200702, South Korea
| | - Ji Yang Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200702, South Korea
| | - Hye-Won Hyun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200702, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200702, South Korea.
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Schuck PF, Milanez AP, Felisberto F, Galant LS, Machado JL, Furlanetto CB, Petronilho F, Dal-Pizzol F, Streck EL, Ferreira GC. Brain and muscle redox imbalance elicited by acute ethylmalonic acid administration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126606. [PMID: 26010931 PMCID: PMC4444117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylmalonic acid (EMA) accumulates in tissues and biological fluids of patients affected by short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) and ethylmalonic encephalopathy, illnesses characterized by neurological and muscular symptoms. Considering that the mechanisms responsible for the brain and skeletal muscle damage in these diseases are poorly known, in the present work we investigated the effects of acute EMA administration on redox status parameters in cerebral cortex and skeletal muscle from 30-day-old rats. Animals received three subcutaneous injections of EMA (6 μmol/g; 90 min interval between injections) and were killed 1 h after the last administration. Control animals received saline in the same volumes. EMA administration significantly increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels in cerebral cortex and skeletal muscle, indicating increased lipid peroxidation. In addition, carbonyl content was increased in EMA-treated animal skeletal muscle when compared to the saline group. EMA administration also significantly increased 2’,7’-dihydrodichlorofluorescein oxidation and superoxide production (reactive species markers), and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in cerebral cortex, while glutathione levels were decreased only in skeletal muscle. On the other hand, respiratory chain complex I-III activity was altered by acute EMA administration neither in cerebral cortex nor in skeletal muscle. The present results show that acute EMA administration elicits oxidative stress in rat brain and skeletal muscle, suggesting that oxidative damage may be involved in the pathophysiology of the brain and muscle symptoms found in patients affected by SCADD and ethylmalonic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Fernanda Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Paula Milanez
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Francine Felisberto
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Leticia Selinger Galant
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Luca Machado
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Camila Brulezi Furlanetto
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Luongo C, Martin C, Vella K, Marsili A, Ambrosio R, Dentice M, Harney JW, Salvatore D, Zavacki AM, Larsen PR. The selective loss of the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in mouse thyrotrophs increases basal TSH but blunts the thyrotropin response to hypothyroidism. Endocrinology 2015; 156:745-54. [PMID: 25456070 PMCID: PMC4298316 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) is essential for feedback regulation of TSH by T4. We genetically inactivated in vivo D2 in thyrotrophs using a mouse model of Cga-driven cre recombinase. Pituitary D2 activity was reduced 90% in the Cga-cre D2 knockout (KO) mice compared with control Dio2(fl/fl) mice. There was no growth or reproductive phenotype. Basal TSH levels were increased 1.5- to 1.8-fold, but serum T4 and T3 were not different from the controls in adult mice. In hypothyroid adult mice, suppression of TSH by T4, but not T3, was impaired. Despite mild basal TSH elevation, the TSH increase in response to hypothyroidism was 4-fold reduced in the Cga-cre D2KO compared with control mice despite an identical level of pituitary TSH α- and β-subunit mRNAs. In neonatal Cga-cre D2KO mice, TSH was also 2-fold higher than in the controls, but serum T4 was elevated. Despite a constant TSH, serum T4 increased 2-3-fold between postnatal day (P) 5 and P15 in both genotypes. The pituitary, but not cerebrocortical, D2 activity was markedly elevated in P5 mice decreasing towards adult levels by P17. In conclusion, a congenital severe reduction of thyrotroph D2 causes a major impairment of the TSH response to hypothyroidism. This would be deleterious to the compensatory adaptation of the thyroid gland to iodine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Luongo
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.L., C.M., A.M., J.W.H., A.M.Z., P.R.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (K.V.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Studio di Diagnostica Nucleare "SDN" (R.A.), 80142 Naples, Italy; and Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (M.D., D.S.), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Ferreira GK, Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, Scaini G, Teixeira LJ, Mota IT, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Streck EL. The characterization of neuroenergetic effects of chronic L-tyrosine administration in young rats: evidence for striatal susceptibility. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:215-21. [PMID: 25252880 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency in hepatic cytosolic aminotransferase. Affected patients usually present a variable degree of mental retardation, which may be related to the level of plasma tyrosine. In the present study we evaluated effect of chronic administration of L-tyrosine on the activities of citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and complexes I, II, II-III and IV in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of rats in development. Chronic administration consisted of L-tyrosine (500 mg/kg) or saline injections 12 h apart for 24 days in Wistar rats (7 days old); rats were killed 12 h after last injection. Our results demonstrated that L-tyrosine inhibited the activity of citrate synthase in the hippocampus and striatum, malate dehydrogenase activity was increased in striatum and succinate dehydrogenase, complexes I and II-III activities were inhibited in striatum. However, complex IV activity was increased in hippocampus and inhibited in striatum. By these findings, we suggest that repeated administrations of L-tyrosine cause alterations in energy metabolism, which may be similar to the acute administration in brain of infant rats. Taking together the present findings and evidence from the literature, we hypothesize that energy metabolism impairment could be considered an important pathophysiological mechanism underlying the brain damage observed in patients with tyrosinemia type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela K Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Bellassoued K, Van Pelt J, Elfeki A. Neurotoxicity in rats induced by the poisonous dreamfish (Sarpa salpa). Pharm Biol 2015; 53:286-295. [PMID: 25243872 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.916311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Consumption of Sarpa salpa Linn. (Sparidae) in certain periods of the year is inadvisable because it can cause central nervous system disorders resulting in sea food poisoning. AIMS The present study assesses the cytotoxic effects of compounds, not-yet identified, present in the organ extracts of S. salpa, collected in autumn, the period corresponding to the peak in human health problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS The toxicity was assessed by mouse bioassay of aqueous extract of the fish organs. Wistar rats received daily extracts of different organs of S. salpa by gastric gavage for 7 d (0.3 mL of extract/100 g body weight BW). The dose of tissue extracts of viscera, liver, brain, and flesh of S. salpa administered to rats was as follows: 172, 313, 2050, and 2660 mg/kg BW, respectively. No deaths occurred during the period of treatment. RESULTS The lethal dose (LD50) determined for the crude ciguatoxin (neurotoxins) extracts of viscera, liver, brain, and flesh of S. salpa was as follows: 1.2, 2.2, 14.4, and 18.6 g/kg mouse, respectively. Changes in locomotor activity during the first 2 h and failure in breathing and no evident signs of gastrointestinal problems were recorded. We observed (1) induction of oxidative stress, indicated by an increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in groups that received extracts of liver (+425%) or viscera (+433%), and a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in cerebral cortex tissue by 13%, 25%, and 25% (LT: animals receiving liver extracts) and by 16%, 26%, and 27% (VT: animals receiving viscera extracts), respectively. In contrast, the administration of extracts of flesh and brain induced an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in cerebral cortex tissue by 26%, 23%, and 44% (FT: flesh extract) and 28%, 24%, and 46% (BT: brain extract), respectively; (2) a significant decrease for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in cerebral cortex was recorded in FT, BT, LT, and VT by 27, 34, 58, and 78%, respectively. Moreover, a significant decrease of AChE activity in plasma was recorded in FT, BT, LT, and VT by 16, 21, 38, and 48%, respectively; (3) the histological findings confirmed the biochemical results. CONCLUSIONS Liver and especially the visceral part of S. salpa presented toxicity, which clearly indicates the danger of using this fish as food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Bellassoued
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia and
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Xin Q, Cheng B, Pan Y, Liu H, Yang C, Chen J, Bai B. Neuroprotective effects of apelin-13 on experimental ischemic stroke through suppression of inflammation. Peptides 2015; 63:55-62. [PMID: 25278489 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenic progression of post-ischemic neuronal damage. Apelin-13 has been investigated as a neuropeptide for various neurological disorders. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of apelin-13 on the inflammation of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Transient focal I/R model in male Wistar rats were induced by 2h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24h reperfusion. Rats then received treatment with apelin-13 or vehicle after ischemia at the onset of reperfusion. The neurological deficit was evaluated and the infarct volume was measured by TTC staining. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured using real-time PCR. And the expression of apelin receptor (APJ), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Our results demonstrated that treatment with apelin-13 in I/R rats markedly reduced neurological deficits and the infarct volume. The increase of MPO activity induced by I/R was inhibited by apelin-13 treatment. The real-time PCR showed that apelin-13 decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α and ICAM-1 in I/R rats. The expression of APJ in I/R rats was increased. And the expression of Iba1, GFAP and HMGB1 in I/R rats was decreased by apelin-13 treatment indicating the inhibition of microglia, astrocytes and other inflammatory cells. In conclusion, apelin-13 is neuroprotective for neurons against I/R through inhibiting the neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xin
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Baohua Cheng
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Yanyou Pan
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Taian Medical University, Taian 271000, PR China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China.
| | - Bo Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China.
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Wen YT, Liu TT, Lin YF, Chen CC, Kung WM, Huang CC, Lin TJ, Wang YH, Wei L. Heatstroke Effect on Brain Heme Oxygenase-1 in Rats. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:737-41. [PMID: 26392811 PMCID: PMC4571551 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high environmental temperature leading to increased core body temperature above 40°C and central nervous system abnormalities such as convulsions, delirium, or coma is defined as heat stroke. Studies in humans and animals indicate that the heat shock responses of the host contribute to multiple organ injury and death during heat stroke. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-a stress-responsive enzyme that catabolizes heme into iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin-has an important role in the neuroprotective mechanism against ischemic stroke. Here, we investigated the role of endogenous HO-1 in heat-induced brain damage in rats. RT-PCR results revealed that levels of HO-1 mRNA peaked at 0 h after heat exposure and immunoblot analysis revealed that the maximal protein expression occurred at 1 h post-heat exposure. Subsequently, we detected the HO-1 expression in the cortical brain cells and revealed the neuronal cell morphology. In conclusion, HO-1 is a potent protective molecule against heat-induced brain damage. Manipulation of HO-1 may provide a potential therapeutic approach for heat-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Wen
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ta Liu
- 2. Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- 3. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- 4. Division of Nephrology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Woon-Man Kung
- 5. Department of Neurosurgery, Lo-Hsu Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Luodong, Yilan 265, Taiwan
- 6. Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- 7. Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Jen Lin
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- 8. Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- 3. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- 9. Division of General Surgery, Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Li Wei: Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Tel.: +886-2-29307930 (ext. 6942). E-Mail: . Dr. Yuan-Hung Wang: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8891). E-Mail:
| | - Li Wei
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- 10. The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Li Wei: Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Tel.: +886-2-29307930 (ext. 6942). E-Mail: . Dr. Yuan-Hung Wang: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8891). E-Mail:
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Gordiienko IA, Babets YV, Kulinich AO, Shevtsova AI, Ushakova GO. Activity of trypsin-like enzymes and gelatinases in rats with doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. Ukr Biochem J 2014; 86:139-146. [PMID: 25816614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity of trypsin-like enzymes (ATLE) and gelatinases A and B were studied in the blood plasma and extracts from cardiac muscle, cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rats with cardiomyopathy caused by anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin against the background of preventive application of corvitin and α-ketoglutarate. ATLE significantly increased in blood plasma and extracts from cerebral cortex but decreased in extracts from cardiac muscle and cerebellum in doxorubicin cardiomyopathy (DCMP). In addition, a significant increase of activity of both gelatinases in plasma and tissue extracts was observed. Preventive administration of corvitin and α-ketoglutarate resulted in differently directed changes of activity of the above mentioned enzymes in heart and brain tissues. Obtained data confirm the hypothesis about activation of proteolysis under the influence of anthracycline antibiotics and testify to selective effect of corvitin and α-ketoglutarate on ATLE and gelatinases.
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Grasso G, Mielczarek P, Niedziolka M, Silberring J. Metabolism of cryptic peptides derived from neuropeptide FF precursors: the involvement of insulin-degrading enzyme. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16787-99. [PMID: 25247577 PMCID: PMC4200852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “cryptome” refers to the subset of cryptic peptides with bioactivities that are often unpredictable and very different from the parent protein. These cryptic peptides are generated by proteolytic cleavage of proteases, whose identification in vivo can be very challenging. In this work, we show that insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is able to degrade specific amino acid sequences present in the neuropeptide pro-NPFFA (NPFF precursor), generating some cryptic peptides that are also observed after incubation with rat brain cortex homogenate. The reported experimental findings support the increasingly accredited hypothesis, according to which, due to its wide substrate selectivity, IDE is involved in a wide variety of physiopathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Niedziolka
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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