1
|
Musi CA, Marchini G, Giani A, Tomaselli G, Priori EC, Colnaghi L, Borsello T. Colocalization and Interaction Study of Neuronal JNK3, JIP1, and β-Arrestin2 Together with PSD95. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084113. [PMID: 35456931 PMCID: PMC9024448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are stress-activated serine/threonine protein kinases belonging to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Among them, JNK3 is selectively expressed in the central nervous system, cardiac smooth muscle, and testis. In addition, it is the most responsive JNK isoform to stress stimuli in the brain, and it is involved in synaptic dysfunction, an essential step in neurodegenerative processes. JNK3 pathway is organized in a cascade of amplification in which signal transduction occurs by stepwise, highly controlled phosphorylation. Since different MAPKs share common upstream activators, pathway specificity is guaranteed by scaffold proteins such as JIP1 and β-arrestin2. To better elucidate the physiological mechanisms regulating JNK3 in neurons, and how these interactions may be involved in synaptic (dys)function, we used (i) super-resolution microscopy to demonstrate the colocalization among JNK3-PSD95-JIP1 and JNK3-PSD95-β-arrestin2 in cultured hippocampal neurons, and (ii) co-immunoprecipitation techniques to show that the two scaffold proteins and JNK3 can be found interacting together with PSD95. The protein-protein interactions that govern the formation of these two complexes, JNK3-PSD95-JIP1 and JNK3-PSD95-β-arrestin2, may be used as targets to interfere with their downstream synaptic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Alice Musi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.); (G.T.); (E.C.P.)
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giacomo Marchini
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Arianna Giani
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giovanni Tomaselli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.); (G.T.); (E.C.P.)
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Erica Cecilia Priori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.); (G.T.); (E.C.P.)
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Luca Colnaghi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- School of Medicine, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.); (G.T.); (E.C.P.)
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Little K, Llorián-Salvador M, Scullion S, Hernández C, Simó-Servat O, Del Marco A, Bosma E, Vargas-Soria M, Carranza-Naval MJ, Van Bergen T, Galbiati S, Viganò I, Musi CA, Schlingemann R, Feyen J, Borsello T, Zerbini G, Klaassen I, Garcia-Alloza M, Simó R, Stitt AW. Common pathways in dementia and diabetic retinopathy: understanding the mechanisms of diabetes-related cognitive decline. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:50-71. [PMID: 34794851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with multiple comorbidities, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cognitive decline, and T2D patients have a significantly higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both DR and AD are characterized by a number of pathological mechanisms that coalesce around the neurovascular unit, including neuroinflammation and degeneration, vascular degeneration, and glial activation. Chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance also play a significant role, leading to activation of pathological mechanisms such as increased oxidative stress and the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Understanding these common pathways and the degree to which they occur simultaneously in the brain and retina during diabetes will provide avenues to identify T2D patients at risk of cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karis Little
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - María Llorián-Salvador
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sarah Scullion
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Simó-Servat
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Del Marco
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Bosma
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Carranza-Naval
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Galbiati
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Viganò
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Clara Alice Musi
- Università Degli Studi di Milano and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri- IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Reiner Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Tiziana Borsello
- Università Degli Studi di Milano and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri- IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Zerbini
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Musi CA, Castaldo AM, Valsecchi AE, Cimini S, Morello N, Pizzo R, Renieri A, Meloni I, Bonati M, Giustetto M, Borsello T. JNK signaling provides a novel therapeutic target for Rett syndrome. BMC Biol 2021; 19:256. [PMID: 34911542 PMCID: PMC8675514 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rett syndrome (RTT) is a monogenic X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by loss-of-function mutations in the MECP2 gene, which lead to structural and functional changes in synapse communication, and impairments of neural activity at the basis of cognitive deficits that progress from an early age. While the restoration of MECP2 in animal models has been shown to rescue some RTT symptoms, gene therapy intervention presents potential side effects, and with gene- and RNA-editing approaches still far from clinical application, strategies focusing on signaling pathways downstream of MeCP2 may provide alternatives for the development of more effective therapies in vivo. Here, we investigate the role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) stress pathway in the pathogenesis of RTT using different animal and cell models and evaluate JNK inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach. Results We discovered that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) stress pathway is activated in Mecp2-knockout, Mecp2-heterozygous mice, and in human MECP2-mutated iPSC neurons. The specific JNK inhibitor, D-JNKI1, promotes recovery of body weight and locomotor impairments in two mouse models of RTT and rescues their dendritic spine alterations. Mecp2-knockout presents intermittent crises of apnea/hypopnea, one of the most invalidating RTT pathological symptoms, and D-JNKI1 powerfully reduces this breathing dysfunction. Importantly, we discovered that also neurons derived from hiPSC-MECP2 mut show JNK activation, high-phosphorylated c-Jun levels, and cell death, which is not observed in the isogenic control wt allele hiPSCs. Treatment with D-JNKI1 inhibits neuronal death induced by MECP2 mutation in hiPSCs mut neurons. Conclusions As a summary, we found altered JNK signaling in models of RTT and suggest that D-JNKI1 treatment prevents clinical symptoms, with coherent results at the cellular, molecular, and functional levels. This is the first proof of concept that JNK plays a key role in RTT and its specific inhibition offers a new and potential therapeutic tool to tackle RTT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01190-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Alice Musi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Castaldo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sara Cimini
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Morello
- Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pizzo
- Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Bonati
- Department of Public Heath, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Conz A, Musi CA, Russo L, Borsello T, Colnaghi L. Super-resolution study of PIAS SUMO E3-ligases in hippocampal and cortical neurons. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65:3241. [PMID: 34459572 PMCID: PMC8419632 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The SUMOylation machinery is a regulator of neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity. It is composed of SUMO isoforms and specialized enzymes named E1, E2 and E3 SUMO ligases. Recent studies have highlighted how SUMO isoforms and E2 enzymes localize with synaptic markers to support previous functional studies but less information is available on E3 ligases. PIAS proteins - belonging to the protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) SUMO E3-ligase family - are the best-characterized SUMO E3-ligases and have been linked to the formation of spatial memory in rodents. Whether however they exert their function co-localizing with synaptic markers is still unclear. In this study, we applied for the first time structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to PIAS ligases to investigate the co-localization of PIAS1 and PIAS3 with synaptic markers in hippocampal and cortical murine neurons. The results indicate partial co-localization of PIAS1 and PIAS3 with synaptic markers in hippocampal neurons and much rarer occurrence in cortical neurons. This is in line with previous super-resolution reports describing the co-localization with synaptic markers of other components of the SUMOylation machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conz
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan.
| | - Clara Alice Musi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan.
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan.
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Musi CA, Agrò G, Santarella F, Iervasi E, Borsello T. JNK3 as Therapeutic Target and Biomarker in Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Brain Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102190. [PMID: 32998477 PMCID: PMC7600688 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) is the JNK isoform mainly expressed in the brain. It is the most responsive to many stress stimuli in the central nervous system from ischemia to Aβ oligomers toxicity. JNK3 activity is spatial and temporal organized by its scaffold protein, in particular JIP-1 and β-arrestin-2, which play a crucial role in regulating different cellular functions in different cellular districts. Extensive evidence has highlighted the possibility of exploiting these adaptors to interfere with JNK3 signaling in order to block its action. JNK plays a key role in the first neurodegenerative event, the perturbation of physiological synapse structure and function, known as synaptic dysfunction. Importantly, this is a common mechanism in many different brain pathologies. Synaptic dysfunction and spine loss have been reported to be pharmacologically reversible, opening new therapeutic directions in brain diseases. Being JNK3-detectable at the peripheral level, it could be used as a disease biomarker with the ultimate aim of allowing an early diagnosis of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopment diseases in a still prodromal phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Alice Musi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Graziella Agrò
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Francesco Santarella
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Erika Iervasi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.S.); (E.I.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.S.); (E.I.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-023-901-4469; Fax: +39-023-900-1916
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Buccarello L, Musi CA, Turati A, Borsello T. The Stress c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway Activation Correlates with Synaptic Pathology and Presents A Sex Bias in P301L Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Neuroscience 2018; 393:196-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|