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Foglietta F, Panzanelli P, Pizzo R, Giacone M, Pepa CD, Durando G, Serpe L, Canaparo R. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of sonodynamic therapy in human pancreatic cancer spheroids. J Photochem Photobiol B 2024; 251:112842. [PMID: 38232641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) exploits the energy generated by ultrasound (US) to activate sound-sensitive drugs (sonosensitizers), leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cancer cell death. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells were chosen as the models with which to investigate the therapeutic effects of the US-activated sonosensitizer IR-780 as pancreatic cancer is still one of the most lethal types of cancer. The effects of SDT, including ROS production, cancer cell death and immunogenic cell death (ICD), were extensively investigated. When subjected to US, IR-780 triggered significant ROS production and caused cancer cell death after 24 h (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) led to an effective immune response against the cancer cells undergoing SDT-induced death. BxPC-3 spheroids were developed and studied extensively to validate the findings observed in 2D BxPC-3 cell cultures. An analysis of the pancreatic cancer spheroid section revealed significant SDT-induced cancer cell death after 48 h after the treatment (p ≤ 0.01), with this being accompanied by the presence of SDT-induced damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as calreticulin (CRT) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). In conclusion, the data obtained demonstrates the anticancer efficacy of SDT and its immunomodulatory potential via action as an ICD-inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Pizzo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Marta Giacone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Carlo Della Pepa
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Gianni Durando
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy.
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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2
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Concina G, Gurgone A, Boggio EM, Raspanti A, Pizzo R, Morello N, Castroflorio E, Pizzorusso T, Sacchetti B, Giustetto M. Stabilizing Immature Dendritic Spines in the Auditory Cortex: A Key Mechanism for mTORC1-Mediated Enhancement of Long-Term Fear Memories. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8744-8755. [PMID: 37857485 PMCID: PMC10727119 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0204-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has emerged as a key molecular mechanism underlying memory processes. Although mTOR inhibition is known to block memory processes, it remains elusive whether and how an enhancement of mTOR signaling may improve memory processes. Here we found in male mice that the administration of VO-OHpic, an inhibitor of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) that negatively modulates AKT-mTOR pathway, enhanced auditory fear memory for days and weeks, while it left short-term memory unchanged. Memory enhancement was associated with a long-lasting increase in immature-type dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons into the auditory cortex. The persistence of spine remodeling over time arose by the interplay between PTEN inhibition and memory processes, as VO-OHpic induced only a transient immature spine growth in the somatosensory cortex, a region not involved in long-term auditory memory. Both the potentiation of fear memories and increase in immature spines were hampered by rapamycin, a selective inhibitor of mTORC1. These data revealed that memory can be potentiated over time by the administration of a selective PTEN inhibitor. In addition to disclosing new information on the cellular mechanisms underlying long-term memory maintenance, our study provides new insights on the molecular processes that aid enhancing memories over time.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The neuronal mechanisms that may help improve the maintenance of long-term memories are still elusive. The inhibition of mammalian-target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling shows that this pathway plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. However, whether its activation may strengthen long-term memory storage is unclear. We assessed the consequences of positive modulation of AKT-mTOR pathway obtained by VO-OHpic administration, a phosphatase and tensin homolog inhibitor, on memory retention and underlying synaptic modifications. We found that mTOR activation greatly enhanced memory maintenance for weeks by producing a long-lasting increase of immature-type dendritic spines in pyramidal neurons of the auditory cortex. These results offer new insights on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that can aid enhancing memories over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Concina
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Antonia Gurgone
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Elena M Boggio
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Pizzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Noemi Morello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, 56124, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Biology Laboratory BIO@SNS, Pisa, 56124, Italy
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3
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Musi CA, Castaldo AM, Valsecchi AE, Cimini S, Morello N, Pizzo R, Renieri A, Meloni I, Bonati M, Giustetto M, Borsello T. JNK signaling provides a novel therapeutic target for Rett syndrome. BMC Biol 2021; 19:256. [PMID: 34911542 PMCID: PMC8675514 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rett syndrome (RTT) is a monogenic X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by loss-of-function mutations in the MECP2 gene, which lead to structural and functional changes in synapse communication, and impairments of neural activity at the basis of cognitive deficits that progress from an early age. While the restoration of MECP2 in animal models has been shown to rescue some RTT symptoms, gene therapy intervention presents potential side effects, and with gene- and RNA-editing approaches still far from clinical application, strategies focusing on signaling pathways downstream of MeCP2 may provide alternatives for the development of more effective therapies in vivo. Here, we investigate the role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) stress pathway in the pathogenesis of RTT using different animal and cell models and evaluate JNK inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach. Results We discovered that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) stress pathway is activated in Mecp2-knockout, Mecp2-heterozygous mice, and in human MECP2-mutated iPSC neurons. The specific JNK inhibitor, D-JNKI1, promotes recovery of body weight and locomotor impairments in two mouse models of RTT and rescues their dendritic spine alterations. Mecp2-knockout presents intermittent crises of apnea/hypopnea, one of the most invalidating RTT pathological symptoms, and D-JNKI1 powerfully reduces this breathing dysfunction. Importantly, we discovered that also neurons derived from hiPSC-MECP2 mut show JNK activation, high-phosphorylated c-Jun levels, and cell death, which is not observed in the isogenic control wt allele hiPSCs. Treatment with D-JNKI1 inhibits neuronal death induced by MECP2 mutation in hiPSCs mut neurons. Conclusions As a summary, we found altered JNK signaling in models of RTT and suggest that D-JNKI1 treatment prevents clinical symptoms, with coherent results at the cellular, molecular, and functional levels. This is the first proof of concept that JNK plays a key role in RTT and its specific inhibition offers a new and potential therapeutic tool to tackle RTT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01190-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Alice Musi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Castaldo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sara Cimini
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Morello
- Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pizzo
- Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Bonati
- Department of Public Heath, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Gennaccaro L, Fuchs C, Loi M, Pizzo R, Alvente S, Berteotti C, Lupori L, Sagona G, Galvani G, Gurgone A, Raspanti A, Medici G, Tassinari M, Trazzi S, Ren E, Rimondini R, Pizzorusso T, Giovanna Z, Maurizio G, Elisabetta C. Age-Related Cognitive and Motor Decline in a Mouse Model of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder is Associated with Increased Neuronal Senescence and Death. Aging Dis 2021; 12:764-785. [PMID: 34094641 PMCID: PMC8139207 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the X-linked CDKL5 gene. Children affected by CDD display a clinical phenotype characterized by early-onset epilepsy, intellectual disability, motor impairment, and autistic-like features. Although the clinical aspects associated with CDKL5 mutations are well described in children, adults with CDD are still under-characterized. Similarly, most animal research has been carried out on young adult Cdkl5 knockout (KO) mice only. Since age represents a risk factor for the worsening of symptoms in many neurodevelopmental disorders, understanding age differences in the development of behavioral deficits is crucial in order to optimize the impact of therapeutic interventions. Here, we compared young adult Cdkl5 KO mice with middle-aged Cdkl5 KO mice, at a behavioral, neuroanatomical, and molecular level. We found an age-dependent decline in motor, cognitive, and social behaviors in Cdkl5 KO mice, as well as in breathing and sleep patterns. The behavioral decline in older Cdkl5 KO mice was not associated with a worsening of neuroanatomical alterations, such as decreased dendritic arborization or spine density, but was paralleled by decreased neuronal survival in different brain regions such as the hippocampus, cortex, and basal ganglia. Interestingly, we found increased β-galactosidase activity and DNA repair protein levels, γH2AX and XRCC5, in the brains of older Cdkl5 KO mice, which suggests that an absence of Cdkl5 accelerates neuronal senescence/death by triggering irreparable DNA damage. In summary, this work provides evidence that CDKL5 may play a fundamental role in neuronal survival during brain aging and suggests a possible worsening with age of the clinical picture in CDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gennaccaro
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pizzo
- 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Alvente
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lupori
- 3BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,4Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Sagona
- 4Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,5Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,6Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia Gurgone
- 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Medici
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Tassinari
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Ren
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- 7Department of Medical and Clinical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- 3BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,4Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,5Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Zoccoli Giovanna
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giustetto Maurizio
- 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,8National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Turin, Italy
| | - Ciani Elisabetta
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Pizzo R, Lamarca A, Sassoè-Pognetto M, Giustetto M. Structural Bases of Atypical Whisker Responses in a Mouse Model of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder. Neuroscience 2019; 445:130-143. [PMID: 31472213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the CDKL5 (cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5) gene cause CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD), a severe neurodevelopmental syndrome where patients exhibit early-onset seizures, intellectual disability, stereotypies, limited or absent speech, autism-like symptoms and sensory impairments. Mounting evidences indicate that disrupted sensory perception and processing represent core signs also in mouse models of CDD; however we have very limited knowledge on their underlying causes. In this study, we investigated how CDKL5 deficiency affects synaptic organization and experience-dependent plasticity in the thalamo-cortical (TC) pathway carrying whisker-related tactile information to the barrel cortex (BC). By using synapse-specific antibodies and confocal microscopy, we found that Cdkl5-KO mice display a lower density of TC synapses in the BC that was paralleled by a reduction of cortico-cortical (CC) connections compared to wild-type mice. These synaptic defects were accompanied by reduced BC activation, as shown by a robust decrease of c-fos immunostaining, and atypical behavioral responses to whisker-mediated tactile stimulation. Notably, a 2-day paradigm of enriched whisker stimulation rescued both number and configuration of excitatory synapses in Cdkl5-KO mice, restored cortical activity and normalized behavioral responses to wild-type mice levels. Our findings disclose a novel and unsuspected role of CDKL5 in controlling the organization and experience-induced modifications of excitatory connections in the BC and indicate how mutations of CDKL5 produce failures in higher-order processing of somatosensory stimuli. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Animal Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pizzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - A Lamarca
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - M Sassoè-Pognetto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - M Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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6
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Hare BM, Scholten O, Dwyer J, Trinh TNG, Buitink S, Ter Veen S, Bonardi A, Corstanje A, Falcke H, Hörandel JR, Huege T, Mitra P, Mulrey K, Nelles A, Rachen JP, Rossetto L, Schellart P, Winchen T, Anderson J, Avruch IM, Bentum MJ, Blaauw R, Broderick JW, Brouw WN, Brüggen M, Butcher HR, Ciardi B, Fallows RA, de Geus E, Duscha S, Eislöffel J, Garrett MA, Grießmeier JM, Gunst AW, van Haarlem MP, Hessels JWT, Hoeft M, van der Horst AJ, Iacobelli M, Koopmans LVE, Krankowski A, Maat P, Norden MJ, Paas H, Pandey-Pommier M, Pandey VN, Pekal R, Pizzo R, Reich W, Rothkaehl H, Röttgering HJA, Rowlinson A, Schwarz DJ, Shulevski A, Sluman J, Smirnov O, Soida M, Tagger M, Toribio MC, van Ardenne A, Wijers RAMJ, van Weeren RJ, Wucknitz O, Zarka P, Zucca P. Needle-like structures discovered on positively charged lightning branches. Nature 2019; 568:360-363. [PMID: 30996312 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lightning is a dangerous yet poorly understood natural phenomenon. Lightning forms a network of plasma channels propagating away from the initiation point with both positively and negatively charged ends-called positive and negative leaders1. Negative leaders propagate in discrete steps, emitting copious radio pulses in the 30-300-megahertz frequency band2-8 that can be remotely sensed and imaged with high spatial and temporal resolution9-11. Positive leaders propagate more continuously and thus emit very little high-frequency radiation12. Radio emission from positive leaders has nevertheless been mapped13-15, and exhibits a pattern that is different from that of negative leaders11-13,16,17. Furthermore, it has been inferred that positive leaders can become transiently disconnected from negative leaders9,12,16,18-20, which may lead to current pulses that both reconnect positive leaders to negative leaders11,16,17,20-22 and cause multiple cloud-to-ground lightning events1. The disconnection process is thought to be due to negative differential resistance18, but this does not explain why the disconnections form primarily on positive leaders22, or why the current in cloud-to-ground lightning never goes to zero23. Indeed, it is still not understood how positive leaders emit radio-frequency radiation or why they behave differently from negative leaders. Here we report three-dimensional radio interferometric observations of lightning over the Netherlands with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We find small plasma structures-which we call 'needles'-that are the dominant source of radio emission from the positive leaders. These structures appear to drain charge from the leader, and are probably the reason why positive leaders disconnect from negative ones, and why cloud-to-ground lightning connects to the ground multiple times.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Hare
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - O Scholten
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Inter University Institute for High Energies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - J Dwyer
- Department of Physics and Space Science Center (EOS), University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - T N G Trinh
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Buitink
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Ter Veen
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - A Bonardi
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Corstanje
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Falcke
- Inter University Institute for High Energies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.,ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,NIKHEF, Science Park Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R Hörandel
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,NIKHEF, Science Park Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Huege
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Mitra
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Mulrey
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Nelles
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DESY, Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J P Rachen
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L Rossetto
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Schellart
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - T Winchen
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Anderson
- Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department 1, Geodesy GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - I M Avruch
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Science and Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M J Bentum
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R Blaauw
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J W Broderick
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - W N Brouw
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Brüggen
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H R Butcher
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - B Ciardi
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany
| | - R A Fallows
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - E de Geus
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,SmarterVision BV, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - S Duscha
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Eislöffel
- Thüringer Landessternwarte, Tautenburg, Germany
| | - M A Garrett
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J M Grießmeier
- LPC2E-Université d'Orleans/CNRS, Orléans, France.,Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, Université d'Orleans, OSUC, Nancay, France
| | - A W Gunst
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - M P van Haarlem
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J W T Hessels
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Hoeft
- Thüringer Landessternwarte, Tautenburg, Germany
| | - A J van der Horst
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Iacobelli
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - L V E Koopmans
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Krankowski
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Space Radio-Diagnostics Research Centre, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - P Maat
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - M J Norden
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - H Paas
- Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pandey-Pommier
- Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, Université d'Orleans, OSUC, Nancay, France.,CRAL, Observatoire de Lyon, Université Lyon, UMR5574, Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - V N Pandey
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Pekal
- Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center (PCSS), Poznan, Poland
| | - R Pizzo
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - W Reich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - A Rowlinson
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.,Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Schwarz
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - A Shulevski
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Sluman
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - O Smirnov
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,SKA South Africa, Pinelands, South Africa
| | - M Soida
- Jagiellonian University, Astronomical Observatory, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Tagger
- LPC2E-Université d'Orleans/CNRS, Orléans, France
| | - M C Toribio
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A van Ardenne
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - R A M J Wijers
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J van Weeren
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - O Wucknitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Zarka
- LESIA & USN, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, PSL/SU/UPMC/UPD/SPC, Meudon, France
| | - P Zucca
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
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7
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Pizzo R, Gurgone A, Castroflorio E, Amendola E, Gross C, Sassoè-Pognetto M, Giustetto M. Lack of Cdkl5 Disrupts the Organization of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses and Parvalbumin Interneurons in the Primary Visual Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:261. [PMID: 27965538 PMCID: PMC5124713 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) mutations are found in severe neurodevelopmental disorders, including the Hanefeld variant of Rett syndrome (RTT; CDKL5 disorder). CDKL5 loss-of-function murine models recapitulate pathological signs of the human disease, such as visual attention deficits and reduced visual acuity. Here we investigated the cellular and synaptic substrates of visual defects by studying the organization of the primary visual cortex (V1) of Cdkl5−/y mice. We found a severe reduction of c-Fos expression in V1 of Cdkl5−/y mutants, suggesting circuit hypoactivity. Glutamatergic presynaptic structures were increased, but postsynaptic PSD-95 and Homer were significantly downregulated in CDKL5 mutants. Interneurons expressing parvalbumin, but not other types of interneuron, had a higher density in mutant V1, and were hyperconnected with pyramidal neurons. Finally, the developmental trajectory of pavalbumin-containing cells was also affected in Cdkl5−/y mice, as revealed by fainter appearance perineuronal nets at the closure of the critical period (CP). The present data reveal an overall disruption of V1 cellular and synaptic organization that may cause a shift in the excitation/inhibition balance likely to underlie the visual deficits characteristic of CDKL5 disorder. Moreover, ablation of CDKL5 is likely to tamper with the mechanisms underlying experience-dependent refinement of cortical circuits during the CP of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pizzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | - Antonia Gurgone
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | | | - Elena Amendola
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Cornelius Gross
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Marco Sassoè-Pognetto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of TurinTurin, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience-ItalyTurin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of TurinTurin, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience-ItalyTurin, Italy
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8
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Schellart P, Trinh TNG, Buitink S, Corstanje A, Enriquez JE, Falcke H, Hörandel JR, Nelles A, Rachen JP, Rossetto L, Scholten O, Ter Veen S, Thoudam S, Ebert U, Koehn C, Rutjes C, Alexov A, Anderson JM, Avruch IM, Bentum MJ, Bernardi G, Best P, Bonafede A, Breitling F, Broderick JW, Brüggen M, Butcher HR, Ciardi B, de Geus E, de Vos M, Duscha S, Eislöffel J, Fallows RA, Frieswijk W, Garrett MA, Grießmeier J, Gunst AW, Heald G, Hessels JWT, Hoeft M, Holties HA, Juette E, Kondratiev VI, Kuniyoshi M, Kuper G, Mann G, McFadden R, McKay-Bukowski D, McKean JP, Mevius M, Moldon J, Norden MJ, Orru E, Paas H, Pandey-Pommier M, Pizzo R, Polatidis AG, Reich W, Röttgering H, Scaife AMM, Schwarz DJ, Serylak M, Smirnov O, Steinmetz M, Swinbank J, Tagger M, Tasse C, Toribio MC, van Weeren RJ, Vermeulen R, Vocks C, Wise MW, Wucknitz O, Zarka P. Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:165001. [PMID: 25955053 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schellart
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T N G Trinh
- University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Buitink
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Corstanje
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J E Enriquez
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Falcke
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - J R Hörandel
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Nelles
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J P Rachen
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L Rossetto
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O Scholten
- University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Ter Veen
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - S Thoudam
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - U Ebert
- Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - C Koehn
- Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Rutjes
- Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Alexov
- Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - J M Anderson
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, DeutschesGeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Department 1: Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Telegrafenberg, A17, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - I M Avruch
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J Bentum
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - G Bernardi
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Best
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - A Bonafede
- University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Breitling
- Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J W Broderick
- Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - M Brüggen
- University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H R Butcher
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mt. Stromlo Observatory, via Cotter Road, Weston, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia
| | - B Ciardi
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl Schwarzschild Straße 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - E de Geus
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- SmarterVision BV, Oostersingel 5, 9401 JX Assen, The Netherlands
| | - M de Vos
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - S Duscha
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Eislöffel
- Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany
| | - R A Fallows
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - W Frieswijk
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - M A Garrett
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Grießmeier
- LPC2E, Universíte d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France
- Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, USR 704, Universíte Orleans, OSUC, Route de Souesmes, 18330 Nancay, France
| | - A W Gunst
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - G Heald
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J W T Hessels
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Hoeft
- Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany
| | - H A Holties
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - E Juette
- Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - V I Kondratiev
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute, Profsoyuznaya Street 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - M Kuniyoshi
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - G Kuper
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - G Mann
- Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R McFadden
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - D McKay-Bukowski
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Tähteläntie 62, 99600 Sodankylä, Finland
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J P McKean
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Mevius
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Moldon
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - M J Norden
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - E Orru
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - H Paas
- Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pandey-Pommier
- Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon, 9 Avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex, France
| | - R Pizzo
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - A G Polatidis
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - W Reich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Röttgering
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A M M Scaife
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - D J Schwarz
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - M Serylak
- Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - O Smirnov
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
- SKA South Africa, 3rd Floor, The Park, Park Road, Pinelands 7405, South Africa
| | - M Steinmetz
- Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Swinbank
- Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Tagger
- LPC2E, Universíte d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France
| | - C Tasse
- LESIA, UMR CNRS 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - M C Toribio
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - R J van Weeren
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Vermeulen
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - C Vocks
- Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M W Wise
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Wucknitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - P Zarka
- LESIA, UMR CNRS 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France
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9
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Hermsen W, Hessels JWT, Kuiper L, van Leeuwen J, Mitra D, de Plaa J, Rankin JM, Stappers BW, Wright GAE, Basu R, Alexov A, Coenen T, Griessmeier JM, Hassall TE, Karastergiou A, Keane E, Kondratiev VI, Kramer M, Kuniyoshi M, Noutsos A, Serylak M, Pilia M, Sobey C, Weltevrede P, Zagkouris K, Asgekar A, Avruch IM, Batejat F, Bell ME, Bell MR, Bentum MJ, Bernardi G, Best P, Birzan L, Bonafede A, Breitling F, Broderick J, Bruggen M, Butcher HR, Ciardi B, Duscha S, Eisloffel J, Falcke H, Fender R, Ferrari C, Frieswijk W, Garrett MA, de Gasperin F, de Geus E, Gunst AW, Heald G, Hoeft M, Horneffer A, Iacobelli M, Kuper G, Maat P, Macario G, Markoff S, McKean JP, Mevius M, Miller-Jones JCA, Morganti R, Munk H, Orru E, Paas H, Pandey-Pommier M, Pandey VN, Pizzo R, Polatidis AG, Rawlings S, Reich W, Rottgering H, Scaife AMM, Schoenmakers A, Shulevski A, Sluman J, Steinmetz M, Tagger M, Tang Y, Tasse C, ter Veen S, Vermeulen R, van de Brink RH, van Weeren RJ, Wijers RAMJ, Wise MW, Wucknitz O, Yatawatta S, Zarka P. Synchronous X-ray and Radio Mode Switches: A Rapid Global Transformation of the Pulsar Magnetosphere. Science 2013; 339:436-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1230960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Sacco T, Boda E, Hoxha E, Pizzo R, Cagnoli C, Brusco A, Tempia F. Mouse brain expression patterns of Spg7, Afg3l1, and Afg3l2 transcripts, encoding for the mitochondrial m-AAA protease. BMC Neurosci 2010; 11:55. [PMID: 20426821 PMCID: PMC2880309 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The m-AAA (ATPases Associated with a variety of cellular Activities) is an evolutionary conserved metalloprotease complex located in the internal mitochondrial membrane. In the mouse, it is a hetero-oligomer variably formed by the Spg7, Afg3l1, and Afg3l2 encoded proteins, or a homo-oligomer formed by either Afg3l1 or Afg3l2. In humans, AFG3L2 and SPG7 genes are conserved, whereas AFG3L1 became a pseudogene. Both AFG3L2 and SPG7 are involved in a neurodegenerative disease, namely the autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia SCA28 and a recessive form of spastic paraplegia, respectively. Results Using quantitative RT-PCR, we measured the expression levels of Spg7, Afg3l1, and Afg3l2 in the mouse brain. In all regions Afg3l2 is the most abundant transcript, followed by Spg7, and Afg3l1, with a ratio of approximately 5:3:1 in whole-brain mRNA. Using in-situ hybridization, we showed that Spg7, Afg3l1 and Afg3l2 have a similar cellular pattern of expression, with high levels in mitral cells, Purkinje cells, deep cerebellar nuclei cells, neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and brainstem motor neurons. However, in some neuronal types, differences in the level of expression of these genes were present, suggesting distinct degrees of contribution of their proteins. Conclusions Neurons involved in SCA28 and hereditary spastic paraplegia display high levels of expression, but similar or even higher expression is also present in other types of neurons, not involved in these diseases, suggesting that the selective cell sensitivity should be attributed to other, still unknown, mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Sacco
- Section of Physiology of the Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino and National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Torino, Italy
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Casamassima D, Pizzo R, Palazzo M, D’Alessandro A, Martemucci G. Effect of water restriction on productive performance and blood parameters in comisana sheep reared under intensive condition. Small Rumin Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Casamassima D, Pizzo R, Palazzo M. Milk quality in autochthonous goat extensively reared in Molise: study of some bionutritional components during lactation. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Casamassima
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - R. Pizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - M. Palazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Casamassima D, Palazzo M, Pizzo R. Evaluation of milk production and some blood parameters in lactating autochthonous goat extensively reared in Molise region. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Casamassima
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell’Ambiente. Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - M. Palazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell’Ambiente. Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - R. Pizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell’Ambiente. Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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