1
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Zhu XH, Ren E, Yu MJ, Zhou YJ, Shen LW, Hu ZY. [Two cases of acute methyl acetate poisoning]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2023; 41:856-858. [PMID: 38073217 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20220620-00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This article analyzed the clinical data and on-site occupational health survey results of a patient with occupational acute methyl acetate poisoning in Zhejiang. Based on the pathways of methyl acetate poisoning and the characteristics of target organ damage, diagnosis and treatment experience were summarized, providing reference for the diagnosis and treatment of occupational acute methyl acetate poisoning and occupational health monitoring of methyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Zhu
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - E Ren
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - M J Yu
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Y J Zhou
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - L W Shen
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Deqing County People's Hospital, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Z Y Hu
- Department of Medical Education, Hangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
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2
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Ciarpella F, Zamfir RG, Campanelli A, Ren E, Pedrotti G, Bottani E, Borioli A, Caron D, Di Chio M, Dolci S, Ahtiainen A, Malpeli G, Malerba G, Bardoni R, Fumagalli G, Hyttinen J, Bifari F, Palazzolo G, Panuccio G, Curia G, Decimo I. Murine cerebral organoids develop network of functional neurons and hippocampal brain region identity. iScience 2021; 24:103438. [PMID: 34901791 PMCID: PMC8640475 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids are in vitro three-dimensional (3D) self-organized neural structures, which can enable disease modeling and drug screening. However, their use for standardized large-scale drug screening studies is limited by their high batch-to-batch variability, long differentiation time (10-20 weeks), and high production costs. This is particularly relevant when brain organoids are obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we developed, for the first time, a highly standardized, reproducible, and fast (5 weeks) murine brain organoid model starting from embryonic neural stem cells. We obtained brain organoids, which progressively differentiated and self-organized into 3D networks of functional neurons with dorsal forebrain phenotype. Furthermore, by adding the morphogen WNT3a, we generated brain organoids with specific hippocampal region identity. Overall, our results showed the establishment of a fast, robust and reproducible murine 3D in vitro brain model that may represent a useful tool for high-throughput drug screening and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ciarpella
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Raluca Georgiana Zamfir
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Ren
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Pedrotti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bottani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Borioli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Caron
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies (NBT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Marzia Di Chio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Sissi Dolci
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Annika Ahtiainen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Giorgio Malpeli
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Rita Bardoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Guido Fumagalli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gemma Palazzolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies (NBT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Panuccio
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies (NBT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Curia
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Decimo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
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3
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Gennaccaro L, Fuchs C, Loi M, Pizzo R, Alvente S, Berteotti C, Lupori L, Sagona G, Galvani G, Gurgone A, Raspanti A, Medici G, Tassinari M, Trazzi S, Ren E, Rimondini R, Pizzorusso T, Giovanna Z, Maurizio G, Elisabetta C. Age-Related Cognitive and Motor Decline in a Mouse Model of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder is Associated with Increased Neuronal Senescence and Death. Aging Dis 2021; 12:764-785. [PMID: 34094641 PMCID: PMC8139207 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the X-linked CDKL5 gene. Children affected by CDD display a clinical phenotype characterized by early-onset epilepsy, intellectual disability, motor impairment, and autistic-like features. Although the clinical aspects associated with CDKL5 mutations are well described in children, adults with CDD are still under-characterized. Similarly, most animal research has been carried out on young adult Cdkl5 knockout (KO) mice only. Since age represents a risk factor for the worsening of symptoms in many neurodevelopmental disorders, understanding age differences in the development of behavioral deficits is crucial in order to optimize the impact of therapeutic interventions. Here, we compared young adult Cdkl5 KO mice with middle-aged Cdkl5 KO mice, at a behavioral, neuroanatomical, and molecular level. We found an age-dependent decline in motor, cognitive, and social behaviors in Cdkl5 KO mice, as well as in breathing and sleep patterns. The behavioral decline in older Cdkl5 KO mice was not associated with a worsening of neuroanatomical alterations, such as decreased dendritic arborization or spine density, but was paralleled by decreased neuronal survival in different brain regions such as the hippocampus, cortex, and basal ganglia. Interestingly, we found increased β-galactosidase activity and DNA repair protein levels, γH2AX and XRCC5, in the brains of older Cdkl5 KO mice, which suggests that an absence of Cdkl5 accelerates neuronal senescence/death by triggering irreparable DNA damage. In summary, this work provides evidence that CDKL5 may play a fundamental role in neuronal survival during brain aging and suggests a possible worsening with age of the clinical picture in CDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gennaccaro
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pizzo
- 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Alvente
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lupori
- 3BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,4Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Sagona
- 4Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,5Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,6Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia Gurgone
- 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Medici
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Tassinari
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Ren
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- 7Department of Medical and Clinical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- 3BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,4Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,5Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Zoccoli Giovanna
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giustetto Maurizio
- 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,8National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Turin, Italy
| | - Ciani Elisabetta
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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4
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McGlynn E, Nabaei V, Ren E, Galeote‐Checa G, Das R, Curia G, Heidari H. The Future of Neuroscience: Flexible and Wireless Implantable Neural Electronics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2002693. [PMID: 34026431 PMCID: PMC8132070 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are a prevalent cause of global mortality and are of growing concern when considering an ageing global population. Traditional treatments are accompanied by serious side effects including repeated treatment sessions, invasive surgeries, or infections. For example, in the case of deep brain stimulation, large, stiff, and battery powered neural probes recruit thousands of neurons with each pulse, and can invoke a vigorous immune response. This paper presents challenges in engineering and neuroscience in developing miniaturized and biointegrated alternatives, in the form of microelectrode probes. Progress in design and topology of neural implants has shifted the goal post toward highly specific recording and stimulation, targeting small groups of neurons and reducing the foreign body response with biomimetic design principles. Implantable device design recommendations, fabrication techniques, and clinical evaluation of the impact flexible, integrated probes will have on the treatment of neurological disorders are provided in this report. The choice of biocompatible material dictates fabrication techniques as novel methods reduce the complexity of manufacture. Wireless power, the final hurdle to truly implantable neural interfaces, is discussed. These aspects are the driving force behind continued research: significant breakthroughs in any one of these areas will revolutionize the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve McGlynn
- Microelectronics LabJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom
| | - Vahid Nabaei
- Microelectronics LabJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom
| | - Elisa Ren
- Laboratory of Experimental Electroencephalography and NeurophysiologyDepartment of BiomedicalMetabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena41125Italy
| | - Gabriel Galeote‐Checa
- Microelectronics LabJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom
| | - Rupam Das
- Microelectronics LabJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom
| | - Giulia Curia
- Laboratory of Experimental Electroencephalography and NeurophysiologyDepartment of BiomedicalMetabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena41125Italy
| | - Hadi Heidari
- Microelectronics LabJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom
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5
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Zhu XH, Zhou YJ, Ren E, Zhu LF, Zhong HC, Wang Q, Hu ZY. [Two cases of occupational subacute dichloroethane poisoning]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2021; 39:224-225. [PMID: 33781043 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200512-00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Gennaccaro L, Fuchs C, Loi M, Roncacè V, Trazzi S, Ait-Bali Y, Galvani G, Berardi AC, Medici G, Tassinari M, Ren E, Rimondini R, Giustetto M, Aicardi G, Ciani E. A GABA B receptor antagonist rescues functional and structural impairments in the perirhinal cortex of a mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 153:105304. [PMID: 33621640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 (cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is a severe neurodevelopmental encephalopathy characterized by early-onset epilepsy and intellectual disability. Studies in mouse models have linked CDKL5 deficiency to defects in neuronal maturation and synaptic plasticity, and disruption of the excitatory/inhibitory balance. Interestingly, increased density of both GABAergic synaptic terminals and parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons was recently observed in the primary visual cortex of Cdkl5 knockout (KO) mice, suggesting that excessive GABAergic transmission might contribute to the visual deficits characteristic of CDD. However, the functional relevance of cortical GABAergic circuits abnormalities in these mutant mice has not been investigated so far. Here we examined GABAergic circuits in the perirhinal cortex (PRC) of Cdkl5 KO mice, where we previously observed impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) associated with deficits in novel object recognition (NOR) memory. We found a higher number of GABAergic (VGAT)-immunopositive terminals in the PRC of Cdkl5 KO compared to wild-type mice, suggesting that increased inhibitory transmission might contribute to LTP impairment. Interestingly, while exposure of PRC slices to the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin had no positive effects on LTP in Cdkl5 KO mice, the selective GABAB receptor antagonist CGP55845 restored LTP magnitude, suggesting that exaggerated GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition contributes to LTP impairment in mutants. Moreover, acute in vivo treatment with CGP55845 increased the number of PSD95 positive puncta as well as density and maturation of dendritic spines in PRC, and restored NOR memory in Cdkl5 KO mice. The present data show the efficacy of limiting excessive GABAB receptor-mediated signaling in improving synaptic plasticity and cognition in CDD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gennaccaro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Roncacè
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yassine Ait-Bali
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Tassinari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department of Medical and Clinical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Aicardi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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7
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Fuchs C, Gennaccaro L, Ren E, Galvani G, Trazzi S, Medici G, Loi M, Conway E, Devinsky O, Rimondini R, Ciani E. Pharmacotherapy with sertraline rescues brain development and behavior in a mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Neuropharmacology 2019; 167:107746. [PMID: 31469994 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). CDKL5 is fundamental for correct brain development and function, but the molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant neurologic dysfunction in CDD are incompletely understood. Here we show a dysregulation of hippocampal and cortical serotonergic (5-HT) receptor expression in heterozygous Cdkl5 knockout (KO) female mice, suggesting that impaired 5-HT neurotransmission contributes to CDD. We demonstrate that targeting impaired 5-HT signaling via the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline rescues CDD-related neurodevelopmental and behavioral defects in heterozygous Cdkl5 KO female mice. In particular, chronic treatment with sertraline normalized locomotion, stereotypic and autistic-like features, and spatial memory in Cdkl5 KO mice. These positive behavioral effects were accompanied by restored neuronal survival, dendritic development and synaptic connectivity. At a molecular level, sertraline increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and restored abnormal phosphorylation levels of tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) and its downstream target the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Since sertraline is an FDA-approved drug with an extensive safety and tolerability data package, even for children, our findings suggest that sertraline may improve neurodevelopment in children with CDD. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Gennaccaro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Erin Conway
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department of Medical and Clinical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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8
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Ren E, Roncacé V, Trazzi S, Fuchs C, Medici G, Gennaccaro L, Loi M, Galvani G, Ye K, Rimondini R, Aicardi G, Ciani E. Functional and Structural Impairments in the Perirhinal Cortex of a Mouse Model of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder Are Rescued by a TrkB Agonist. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:169. [PMID: 31114483 PMCID: PMC6503158 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is a severe X-linked neurodevelopmental encephalopathy caused by mutations in the CDKL5 gene and characterized by early-onset epilepsy and intellectual and motor impairments. No cure is currently available for CDD patients, as limited knowledge of the pathology has hindered the development of therapeutics. Cdkl5 knockout (KO) mouse models, recently created to investigate the role of CDKL5 in the etiology of CDD, recapitulate various features of the disorder. Previous studies have shown alterations in synaptic plasticity and dendritic pattern in the cerebral cortex and in the hippocampus, but the knowledge of the molecular substrates underlying these alterations is still limited. Here, we have examined for the first time synaptic function and plasticity, dendritic morphology, and signal transduction pathways in the perirhinal cortex (PRC) of this mouse model. Being interconnected with a wide range of cortical and subcortical structures and involved in various cognitive processes, PRC provides a very interesting framework for examining how CDKL5 mutation leads to deficits at the synapse, circuit, and behavioral level. We found that long-term potentiation (LTP) was impaired, and that the TrkB/PLCγ1 pathway could be mechanistically involved in this alteration. PRC neurons in mutant mice showed a reduction in dendritic length, dendritic branches, PSD-95-positive puncta, GluA2-AMPA receptor levels, and spine density and maturation. These functional and structural deficits were associated with impairment in visual recognition memory. Interestingly, an in vivo treatment with a TrkB agonist (the 7,8-DHF prodrug R13) to trigger the TrkB/PLCγ1 pathway rescued defective LTP, dendritic pattern, PSD-95 and GluA2-AMPA receptor levels, and restored visual recognition memory in Cdkl5 KO mice. Present findings demonstrate a critical role of TrkB signaling in the synaptic development alterations due to CDKL5 mutation, and suggest the possibility of TrkB-targeted pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Roncacé
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gennaccaro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Keqiang Ye
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Aicardi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "Luigi Galvani" for Integrated Studies of Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Fuchs C, Medici G, Trazzi S, Gennaccaro L, Galvani G, Berteotti C, Ren E, Loi M, Ciani E. CDKL5 deficiency predisposes neurons to cell death through the deregulation of SMAD3 signaling. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:658-674. [PMID: 30793413 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare encephalopathy characterized by early onset epilepsy and severe intellectual disability. CDD is caused by mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene, a member of a highly conserved family of serine-threonine kinases. Only a few physiological substrates of CDKL5 are currently known, which hampers the discovery of therapeutic strategies for CDD. Here, we show that SMAD3, a primary mediator of TGF-β action, is a direct phosphorylation target of CDKL5 and that CDKL5-dependent phosphorylation promotes SMAD3 protein stability. Importantly, we found that restoration of the SMAD3 signaling through TGF-β1 treatment normalized defective neuronal survival and maturation in Cdkl5 knockout (KO) neurons. Moreover, we demonstrate that Cdkl5 KO neurons are more vulnerable to neurotoxic/excitotoxic stimuli. In vivo treatment with TGF-β1 prevents increased NMDA-induced cell death in hippocampal neurons from Cdkl5 KO mice, suggesting an involvement of the SMAD3 signaling deregulation in the neuronal susceptibility to excitotoxic injury of Cdkl5 KO mice. Our finding reveals a new function for CDKL5 in maintaining neuronal survival that could have important implications for susceptibility to neurodegeneration in patients with CDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gennaccaro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Trazzi S, De Franceschi M, Fuchs C, Bastianini S, Viggiano R, Lupori L, Mazziotti R, Medici G, Lo Martire V, Ren E, Rimondini R, Zoccoli G, Bartesaghi R, Pizzorusso T, Ciani E. CDKL5 protein substitution therapy rescues neurological phenotypes of a mouse model of CDKL5 disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1572-1592. [PMID: 29474534 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase like-5 (CDKL5) disorder is a rare neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the CDKL5 gene. The consequent misexpression of the CDKL5 protein in the nervous system leads to a severe phenotype characterized by intellectual disability, motor impairment, visual deficits and early-onset epilepsy. No therapy is available for CDKL5 disorder. It has been reported that a protein transduction domain (TAT) is able to deliver macromolecules into cells and even into the brain when fused to a given protein. We demonstrate that TAT-CDKL5 fusion protein is efficiently internalized by target cells and retains CDKL5 activity. Intracerebroventricular infusion of TAT-CDKL5 restored hippocampal development, hippocampus-dependent memory and breathing pattern in Cdkl5-null mice. Notably, systemically administered TAT-CDKL5 protein passed the blood-brain-barrier, reached the CNS, and rescued various neuroanatomical and behavioral defects, including breathing pattern and visual responses. Our results suggest that CDKL5 protein therapy may be an effective clinical tool for the treatment of CDKL5 disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Trazzi
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna De Franceschi
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianini
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rocchina Viggiano
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lupori
- BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Medici
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Viviana Lo Martire
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Ren
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department of Medical and Clinical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zoccoli
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy.,NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Bernareggi A, Ren E, Giniatullin A, Luin E, Sciancalepore M, Giniatullin R, Lorenzon P. Adenosine Promotes Endplate nAChR Channel Activity in Adult Mouse Skeletal Muscle Fibers via Low Affinity P1 Receptors. Neuroscience 2018; 383:1-11. [PMID: 29733889 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a powerful modulator of skeletal neuromuscular transmission, operating via inhibitory or facilitatory purinergic-type P1 receptors. To date, studies have been focused mainly on the effect of adenosine on presynaptic P1 receptors controlling transmitter release. In this study, using two-microelectrode voltage-clamp and single-channel patch-clamp recording techniques, we have explored potential postsynaptic targets of adenosine and their modulatory effect on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated synaptic responses in adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers in vitro. In the whole-mount neuromuscular junction (NMJ) preparation, adenosine (100 μM) significantly reduced the frequency of the miniature endplate currents (MEPCs) and slowed their rising and decay time. Consistent with a postsynaptic site of action, adenosine and the potent P1 receptor agonist NECA significantly increased the open probability, the frequency and the open time of single nAChR channels, recorded at the endplate region. Using specific ligands for the P1 receptor subtypes, we found that the low-affinity P1 receptor subtype A2B was responsible for mediating the effects of adenosine on the nAChR channel openings. Our data suggest that at the adult mammalian NMJ, adenosine acts not only presynaptically to modulate acetylcholine transmitter release, but also at the postsynaptic level, to enhance the activity of nAChRs. Our findings open a new scenario in understanding of purinergic regulation of nAChR activity at the mammalian endplate region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bernareggi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; B.R.A.I.N., Centre for Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elisa Ren
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; B.R.A.I.N., Centre for Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Luin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; B.R.A.I.N., Centre for Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Sciancalepore
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; B.R.A.I.N., Centre for Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia; A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paola Lorenzon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; B.R.A.I.N., Centre for Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy
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Yu S, Ren E, Xu J, Su Y, Zhu W. Effects of early intervention with sodium butyrate on lipid metabolism-related gene expression and liver metabolite profiles in neonatal piglets. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bernareggi A, Ren E, Borelli V, Vita F, Constanti A, Zabucchi G. Xenopus laevis Oocytes as a Model System for Studying the Interaction Between Asbestos Fibres and Cell Membranes. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:263-72. [PMID: 25745069 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mode of interaction of asbestos fibres with cell membranes is still debatable. One reason is the lack of a suitable and convenient cellular model to investigate the causes of asbestos toxicity. We studied the interaction of asbestos fibres with Xenopus laevis oocytes, using electrophysiological and morphological methods. Oocytes are large single cells, with a limited ability to endocytose molecular ligands; we therefore considered these cells to be a good model for investigating the nature of asbestos/membrane interactions. Electrophysiological recordings were performed to compare the passive electrical membrane properties, and those induced by applying positive or negative voltage steps, in untreated oocytes and those exposed to asbestos fibre suspensions. Ultrastructural analysis visualized in detail, any morphological changes of the surface membrane caused by the fibre treatment. Our results demonstrate that Amosite and Crocidolite-type asbestos fibres significantly modify the properties of the membrane, starting soon after exposure. Cells were routinely depolarized, their input resistance decreased, and the slow outward currents evoked by step depolarizations were dramatically enhanced. Reducing the availability of surface iron contained in the structure of the fibres with cation chelators, abolished these effects. Ultrastructural analysis of the fibre-exposed oocytes showed no evidence of phagocytic events. Our results demonstrate that asbestos fibres modify the oocyte membrane, and we propose that these cells represent a viable model for studying the asbestos/cell membrane interaction. Our findings also open the possibly for finding specific competitors capable of hindering the asbestos-cell membrane interaction as a means of tackling the long-standing asbestos toxicity problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bernareggi
- *Department of Life Sciences; Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK WC1N 1AX *Department of Life Sciences; Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK WC1N 1AX
| | - Elisa Ren
- *Department of Life Sciences; Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK WC1N 1AX *Department of Life Sciences; Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK WC1N 1AX
| | - Violetta Borelli
- *Department of Life Sciences; Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK WC1N 1AX
| | - Francesca Vita
- *Department of Life Sciences; Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK WC1N 1AX
| | - Andrew Constanti
- *Department of Life Sciences; Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK WC1N 1AX
| | - Giuliano Zabucchi
- *Department of Life Sciences; Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK WC1N 1AX
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Sciancalepore M, Luin E, Parato G, Ren E, Giniatullin R, Fabbretti E, Lorenzon P. Reactive oxygen species contribute to the promotion of the ATP-mediated proliferation of mouse skeletal myoblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1392-8. [PMID: 22917975 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) participate in autocrine and paracrine regulation in skeletal muscle. However, the link between these two signaling systems is not well established. Here, we studied cell proliferation as a possible consequence of the trophic effect of ATP in cultured skeletal mouse myoblasts and we tested the possibility that low concentrations of ROS represent the intermediate signaling molecule mediating this effect. Exposure to 10 μM ATP increased proliferation of mouse myoblasts by ~20%. ATP also induced intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations, which were independent of extracellular Ca(2+). Both effects of ATP were prevented by suramin, a broad-spectrum purinergic P2 receptor antagonist. In contrast, the adenosine receptor blocker CGS-15943 did not modify the ATP-mediated effects. Consistent with this, adenosine per se did not change myoblast growth, indicating the direct action of ATP via P2 receptor activation. The proliferative effect of ATP was prevented after depletion of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) by the peroxidase enzyme catalase. Low-micromolar concentrations of exogenous H(2)O(2) mimicked the stimulatory effect of ATP on myoblast growth. DCF imaging revealed ATP-induced catalase and DPI-sensitive ROS production in myoblasts. In conclusion, our results indicate that extracellular ATP controls mouse myoblast proliferation via induction of ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sciancalepore
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience (BRAIN), University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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