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Addendum: Solution epitaxy of polarization-gradient ferroelectric oxide films with colossal photovoltaic current. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3878. [PMID: 38719865 PMCID: PMC11079069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
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Lattice-Gradient Perovskite KTaO 3 Films for an Ultrastable and Low-Dose X-Ray Detector. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211026. [PMID: 37796177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional indirect X-ray detectors employ scintillating phosphors to convert X-ray photons into photodiode-detectable visible photons, leading to low conversion efficiencies, low spatial resolutions, and optical crosstalk. Consequently, X-ray detectors that directly convert photons into electric signals have long been desired for high-performance medical imaging and industrial inspection. Although emerging hybrid inorganic-organic halide perovskites, such as CH3 NH3 PbI3 and CH3 NH3 PbBr3 , exhibit high sensitivity, they have salient drawbacks including structural instability, ion motion, and the use of toxic Pb. Here, this work reports an ultrastable, low-dose X-ray detector comprising KTaO3 perovskite films epitaxially grown on a Nb-doped strontium titanate substrate using a low-cost solution method. The detector exhibits a stable photocurrent under high-dose irradiation, high-temperature (200 °C), and aqueous conditions. Moreover, the prototype KTaO3 -film-based detector exhibits a 150-fold higher sensitivity (3150 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 ) and 150-fold lower detection limit (<40 nGyair s-1 ) than those of commercial α-Se-based direct detectors. Systematic investigations reveal that the high stability of the detector originates from the strong covalent bonds within the KTaO3 film, whereas the low detection limit is due to a lattice-gradient-driven built-in electric field and the high insulating property of KTaO3 film. This study unveils a new path toward the fabrication of green, stable, and low-dose X-ray detectors using oxide perovskite films, which have significant application potential in medical imaging and security operations.
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Hydrolysis and condensation of monobutyltin chloride: reaction process analysis with DFT. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30718-30725. [PMID: 37869394 PMCID: PMC10585613 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06256b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the initial process of preparing transparent conductive oxide materials from monobutyltin chloride (MBTC) to tin oxide, the hydrolysis and condensation of MBTC to form a dimer Sn2 play a critical role. However, the specific mechanism of this process is still unclear. Here we develop a step-by-step searching method based on density functional theory calculation and empirical chemical criteria to determine possible reaction pathways and reveal the most likely reaction mechanism. The wave function analyses of various intermediate species provide more insights into the changes of atomic charge population, chemical bond strength, and coordination situation of central tin in the reaction process. Further investigation on the ring-containing Sn2 reveals the existence of unique three-center four-electron (3c-4e) interactions to stabilize the four-membered Sn2O2 ring structure, which serves as the true driving force for dimerization reaction. These results provide a more detailed understanding of the hydrolysis and condensation process of MBTC and would be helpful for the future optimization of the preparation process of tin oxide films.
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A Multicenter Study on Deep Learning for Glioblastoma Auto-Segmentation with Prior Knowledge in Multimodal Imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e488. [PMID: 37785541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) A precise radiotherapy plan is required to ensure accurate delineation of gross tumor volumes (GTV) and clinical target volumes (CTV1 and CTV2) of glioblastomas (GBMs). However, traditional manual delineation is labor intensive and highly dependent on oncologists' experience. To construct and evaluate a deep learning-based automatic delineation method using prior knowledge in multimodal medical imaging to automate precise GTV, CTV1 and CTV2 contouring in GBM patients. MATERIALS/METHODS We retrospectively collected the CT and MRI scans of 55 eligible patients with histologically proven high-grade glioma (HGG) from an institute, these scans were performed with non-enhanced CT (CT), contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1C) and T2-FLAIR (T2F) sequences. We proposed a two-stage automatic segmentation framework (PKMI-Net) for GTV, CTV1 and CTV2 based on deep learning using prior knowledge in multimodal medical imaging, and its segmentation performance was evaluated with dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 95% Harsdorff distance (HD95), average surface distance (ASD) and relative volume difference (RVD). To further investigate the generalizability of our method, we designed and conducted two evaluation strategies (Mix and Cross) on four multicenter datasets (including 55 patients, 37 patients, 21 patients and 35 patients). RESULTS The evaluation results with an 11-patient test set from the single institute were summarized in Table 1, the proposed method demonstrated the best accuracy in segmenting, respectively, GTV, CTV1 and CTV, achieving a DSC of 0.94, 0.95 and 0.92; HD95 of 2.07 mm, 1.18 mm and 3.80 mm; ASD of 0.69 mm, 0.39 mm and 1.13 mm and RVE of 5.50%, 3.97% and 9.68%. In the multicenter evaluation, the segmentation performance of our method implemented with the Cross strategy was comparable to that with the Mix strategy, demonstrating that our method had high and stable generalizability across multicenter datasets in automatically segmenting GTV, CTV1 and CTV2. CONCLUSION Our proposed method achieved promising results in automatically segmenting gliomas across various datasets, which could improve the quality and efficiency of glioblastoma radiotherapy.
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An Alternative Thinking in Tumor Therapeutics: Living Yeast Armored with Silicate. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16264-16273. [PMID: 37523324 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid platform, constructed via the surface "armoring" of living yeasts by a manganese silicate compound (MS@Yeast), is investigated for combinational cancer treatment. The intrinsic characteristics of living yeasts, in both acidophilic and anaerobic conditions, empower the hybrid platform with activated selected colonization in tumors. While silicate particles are delivered in a targeting manner, yeast fermentation occurs at the cancerous region, inducing both alcohol and CO2. The excessive content of alcohol causes the hemangiectasis of tumor tissue, facilitating the penetration of therapeutics into central tumors and subsequent endocytosis. The catalytic Mn2+ ions, released from silicate particles, react with CO2 to induce forceful oxidative stress in tumor cells, ablating the primary tumors. More interestingly, the debris of sacrificed tumor cells and yeasts triggers considerable antitumor immune responses, rejecting both rechallenged and metastatic tumors. The integration of biologically active microorganisms and functional materials, illustrated in this study, provides distinctive perspectives in the exploration of potential therapeutics for tackling cancer.
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An Inter-Cooperative Biohybrid Platform to Enable Tumor Ablation and Immune Activation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207194. [PMID: 37314157 PMCID: PMC10427385 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A biohybrid therapeutic system, consisting of responsive materials and living microorganisms with inter-cooperative effects, is designed and investigated for tumor treatment. In this biohybrid system, S2 O3 2- -intercalated CoFe layered double hydroxides (LDH) are integrated at the surface of Baker's yeasts. Under the tumor microenvironment, functional interactions between yeast and LDH are effectively triggered, resulting in S2 O3 2- release, H2 S production, and in-situ generation of highly catalytic agents. Meanwhile, the degradation of LDH in the tumor microenvironment induces the exposure of the surface antigen of yeast, leading to effective immune activation at the tumor site. By virtue of the inter-cooperative phenomena, this biohybrid system exhibits significant efficacy in tumor ablation and strong inhibition of recurrence. This study has potentially offered an alternative concept by utilizing the metabolism of living microorganisms and materials in exploring effective tumor therapeutics.
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PMMA-Based Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Plastic Crystal Adopted for High-Performance Solid ECDs. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3008. [PMID: 37514398 PMCID: PMC10384775 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A PMMA-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) modified by a plastic crystal succinonitrile (SN) was synthesized using a facile solvent-casting method. The effects of SN additives upon lithium-ion dissociation and ionic conductivity were investigated primarily using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, accompanied by other structural characterization methods. The results show that SN is distributed uniformly in the PMMA matrix with a high content and produces vast dipoles that benefit the dissociation of lithium salt. Hence, the SN-modified GPE (SN-GPE) achieves an excellent ionic conductivity of 2.02 mS·cm-1 and good mechanical properties. The quasi-solid-state ECD fabricated using the SN-GPE exhibits stable cyclability and excellent electrochromic performance, in which the bleaching/coloration response time is 10 s/30 s. These results add significant insight into understanding the inter- and intra-molecular interaction in SN-GPEs and provide a type of practicable high-performance GPE material for solid electrochromic devices.
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Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Ultrathin Holey Graphdiyne Nanosheets for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2302220. [PMID: 37183308 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY) is a fascinating graphene-like 2D carbon allotrope comprising sp and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. However, GDY materials synthesized by solution-phase methods normally come as thick and porous films or amorphous powders with severely disordered stacking modes that obstruct macroscopic applications. Here, a facile and scalable synthesis of ultrathin holey graphdiyne (HGDY) nanosheets is reported via palladium/copper co-catalyzed homocoupling of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene. The resulting freestanding 2D HGDY self-assembles into 3D foam-like networks which can in situ anchor clusters of palladium atoms on their surfaces. The Pd/HGDY hybrids exhibit high electrocatalytic activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction which outperforms that of Pt/C benchmark. Based on the ultrathin graphene-like sheets and their unique 3D interconnected macrostructures, Pd/HGDY holds great promise for practical electrochemical catalysis and energy-related applications.
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Solution epitaxy of polarization-gradient ferroelectric oxide films with colossal photovoltaic current. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2341. [PMID: 37095113 PMCID: PMC10126087 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Solution growth of single-crystal ferroelectric oxide films has long been pursued for the low-cost development of high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the established principles of vapor-phase epitaxy cannot be directly applied to solution epitaxy, as the interactions between the substrates and the grown materials in solution are quite different. Here, we report the successful epitaxy of single-domain ferroelectric oxide films on Nb-doped SrTiO3 single-crystal substrates by solution reaction at a low temperature of ~200 oC. The epitaxy is mainly driven by an electronic polarization screening effect at the interface between the substrates and the as-grown ferroelectric oxide films, which is realized by the electrons from the doped substrates. Atomic-level characterization reveals a nontrivial polarization gradient throughout the films in a long range up to ~500 nm because of a possible structural transition from the monoclinic phase to the tetragonal phase. This polarization gradient generates an extremely high photovoltaic short-circuit current density of ~2.153 mA/cm2 and open-circuit voltage of ~1.15 V under 375 nm light illumination with power intensity of 500 mW/cm2, corresponding to the highest photoresponsivity of ~4.306×10-3 A/W among all known ferroelectrics. Our results establish a general low-temperature solution route to produce single-crystal gradient films of ferroelectric oxides and thus open the avenue for their broad applications in self-powered photo-detectors, photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices.
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Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Stage II Endometrial Cancer: Selective De-intensification of Adjuvant Treatment. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:e94-e102. [PMID: 36150980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Risk stratification, including nodal assessment, allows for selective de-intensification of adjuvant radiotherapy in stage II endometrial cancer. Patterns of treatment and clinical outcomes, including the use of reduced volume 'mini-pelvis' radiotherapy fields, were evaluated in a population-based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients diagnosed with pathological stage II endometrial cancer between 2000 and 2014, and received adjuvant radiotherapy in a regional healthcare jurisdiction were reviewed. Registry data were supplemented by a comprehensive review of patient demographics, disease characteristics and treatment details. The Charlson Comorbidity Score was calculated. Survival and recurrence data were analysed. RESULTS In total, 264 patients met the inclusion criteria. Most patients had endometrioid histology (83%); 41% of patients had International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians grade 1 disease. Half (49%) had surgical nodal evaluation; 11% received chemotherapy. Most patients (59%) were treated with full pelvic radiotherapy fields ± brachytherapy. Seventeen per cent of patients received mini-pelvis radiotherapy ± brachytherapy, whereas 24% received brachytherapy alone. Five-year recurrence-free survival was 87% for the entire cohort, with no significant difference by adjuvant radiotherapy approach. Only one patient receiving mini-pelvis radiotherapy ± brachytherapy recurred in the pelvis but outside of the mini-pelvis field. Recorded late toxicity rates were highest for full pelvis radiotherapy + brachytherapy. CONCLUSION Risk stratification in a real-world setting allowed for selective de-intensification of adjuvant radiation with equivalent outcomes for stage II endometrial cancer. Mini-pelvis radiotherapy combined with brachytherapy is effective in highly selected patients, with the potential to decrease toxicity without compromising local control. Brachytherapy should be considered in low-risk stage II patients.
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A facile electrochemical lithiation method to prepare porous nickel oxide electrodes with high electrochromic performance. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Spinel Li 4Ti 5O 12 hollow nanospheres prepared with colloid carbon spheres as templates for high power Li-ion battery anodes. CrystEngComm 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce01253g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Spinel Li4Ti5O12 hollow nanospheres self-assembled with lamellar nanocrystallites, prepared by employing colloid carbon spheres as templates, exhibit excellent capacity retention.
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146P Stereotactic body radiotherapy plus anlotinib ± toripalimab in untreated oligometastatic brain metastases NSCLC patients. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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LBA5 A phase II study of neoadjuvant SHR-1701 with or without chemotherapy (chemo) followed by surgery or radiotherapy (RT) in stage III unresectable NSCLC (uNSCLC). IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Template-free hydrothermal synthesis of δ-MnO2 hierarchical nanoflowers with potassium ions intercalation as cathodes for high-performing aqueous zinc ion batteries. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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P042Early pregnancy loss medical management in clinical practice after mifepristone-misoprostol clinical trial. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Postoperative Radiotherapy Involving Tumor Bed with or without Elective Nodal Irradiation in Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multi-Center, Prospective Randomized Phase II Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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367P High-dose aumolertinib in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with brain metastases: Primary data from ACHIEVE. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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Optically Controlled Coercive Field of MAPbl3/P(VDF-TrFE) Ferroelectric Composite Films. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Surface Oxygen Vacancies Confined by Ferroelectric Polarization for Tunable CO Oxidation Kinetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202072. [PMID: 35580350 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface oxygen vacancies have been widely discussed to be crucial for tailoring the activity of various chemical reactions from CO, NO, to water oxidation by using oxide-supported catalysts. However, the real role and potential function of surface oxygen vacancies in the reaction remains unclear because of their very short lifetime. Here, it is reported that surface oxygen vacancies can be well confined electrostatically for a polarization screening near the perimeter interface between Pt {111} nanocrystals and the negative polar surface (001) of ferroelectric PbTiO3. Strikingly, such a catalyst demonstrates a tunable catalytic CO oxidation kinetics from 200 °C to near room temperature by increasing the O2 gas pressure, accompanied by the conversion curve from a hysteresis-free loop to one with hysteresis. The combination of reaction kinetics, electronic energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicates that the oxygen vacancies stabilized by the negative polar surface are the active sites for O2 adsorption as a rate-determining step, and then dissociated O moves to the surface of the Pt nanocrystals for oxidizing adsorbed CO. The results open a new pathway for tunable catalytic activity of CO oxidation.
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Improving electrochromic performance of porous nickel oxide electrode via Cu doping. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Improvement of performance stability of electrolytic copper foils by bi-component additives. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Author Correction: Subpolar North Atlantic western boundary density anomalies and the Meridional Overturning Circulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:739. [PMID: 35110553 PMCID: PMC8810834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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KCl-CaCO 3 nanoclusters armoured with Pt nanocrystals for enhanced electro-driven tumor inhibition. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:376-380. [PMID: 34928270 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrodynamic therapy (EDT) has recently emerged as an alternative approach for tumor therapy via the generation of ROS by platinum (Pt) nanoparticles under electric field. An interesting phenomenon observed during EDT is that the increased on-site concentration of chloride ions is highly beneficial for ROS generation and inhibition efficacy. Here, in this study, nanoclusters (KCC), consisting of potassium chloride (KCl) nanocrystals and amorphous calcium carbonate (CaCO3), were synthesized and integrated with platinum nanoparticles (KCCP). In this system, KCC can dissolve and release calcium and chloride ions within tumor cells. The intracellular chloride ions considerably facilitated ROS generation by Pt nanoparticles under an electric field. More importantly, the excessive calcium ions and ROS formed a cycle of mutual promotion and self-amplification in cells, leading to agitated tumor inhibition, both in vitro and in vivo.
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115TiP Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plus anlotinib with or without toripalimab in driver mutation-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with untreated brain oligometastatic metastases: A prospective, single-center, phase Ib study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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α-Fe 2O 3@Pt heterostructure particles to enable sonodynamic therapy with self-supplied O 2 and imaging-guidance. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:358. [PMID: 34736483 PMCID: PMC8569996 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), presenting spatial and temporal control of ROS generation triggered by ultrasound field, has attracted considerable attention in tumor treatment. However, its therapeutic efficacy is severely hindered by the intrinsic hypoxia of solid tumor and the lack of smart design in material band structure. Here in study, fine α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles armored with Pt nanocrystals (α-Fe2O3@Pt) was investigated as an alternative SDT agent with ingenious bandgap and structural design. The Schottky barrier, due to its unique heterostructure, suppresses the recombination of sono-induced electrons and holes, enabling superior ROS generation. More importantly, the composite nanoparticles may effectively trigger a reoxygenation phenomenon to supply sufficient content of oxygen, favoring the ROS induction under the hypoxic condition and its extra role played for ultrasound imaging. In consequence, α-Fe2O3@Pt appears to enable effective tumor inhibition with imaging guidance, both in vitro and in vivo. This study has therefore demonstrated a highly potential platform for ultrasound-driven tumor theranostic, which may spark a series of further explorations in therapeutic systems with more rational material design. ![]()
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Hierarchical nanoclusters with programmed disassembly for mitochondria-targeted tumor therapy with MR imaging. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:8189-8201. [PMID: 34726680 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial metabolic organelles involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and the induction of abnormal mitochondria metabolism is recognized as a strategy with strong potential for the exploration of advanced tumor therapeutics. Herein, hierarchical manganese silicate nanoclusters modified with triphenylphosphonium (MSNAs-TPP) were designed and synthesized for mitochondria-targeted tumor theranostics. The as-prepared MSNAs-TPP retains considerable dimensional and structural stability in the neutral physiological environment, favoring its accumulation at the tumor site. More interestingly, MSNAs-TPP may disassemble in a responsive manner to an acidic tumor microenvironment into ultrasmall manganese silicate nanocapsules (∼6 nm), enabling deep tumor penetration and mitochondria targeting. When reaching the mitochondria, the nanocapsules effectively deplete mitochondrial glutathione (GSH), and simultaneously release catalytic Mn2+ ions to induce amplified oxidative stress in the structure with the enriched CO2 and H2O2 from mitochondria metabolism. As a result, MSNAs-TPP presents considerable antitumor effect without a clear side effect, both in vitro and in vivo. The study may provide an alternative concept in the development of intelligent nanotherapeutics for tumor treatment with high efficacy.
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Salt glands play a pivotal role in the salt resistance of four recretohalophyte Limonium Mill. species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:1063-1073. [PMID: 33969585 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Limonium Mill. plants are typical recretohalophytes, as they withstand salt stress by secreting excess salt onto the leaf surface through salt glands. However, little is known on the salinity thresholds of these plants and the function of salt glands in salt tolerance. Here, we investigated the salinity thresholds of salt tolerance of the Limonium species L. aureum (Linn.) Hill, L. gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze, L. otolepis (Schrenk) Kuntze and L. sinuatum (L.) Mill grown with various concentrations of NaCl. The salinity thresholds of L. otolepis, L. aureum, L. sinuatum and L. gmelinii were 300, 350, 400 and 420 mm NaCl, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that total dry weight, chlorophyll content and intercellular CO2 concentration were highly positively correlated with the total fresh weights of all four Limonium species and could therefore be used as indicators of plant salt tolerance. Furthermore, as the salt gland density on the leaf surface increased, the rate of salt secretion per salt gland also increased, allowing more Na+ to be secreted from the plant. Redundancy discriminant analysis indicated that salt gland density, Na+ content and Na+ secretion rate per salt gland were positively correlated with salt concentration. These observations support the notion that salt glands play important roles in the adaptation of Limonium species to high salinity conditions.
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Characterization of CwlC, an autolysin, and its role in mother cell lysis of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:92-102. [PMID: 34695235 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) has been proven to efficiently control mosquitoes, of which many species are important vectors of human disease. The larvicidal action is attributed to the parasporal crystals formed in the sporulating cells and released upon cell autolysis. In this study, a sporulation-specific cwlC gene that encodes an N-acetylmuramoyl-L -alanine amidase was characterized in Bti strain Bt-59. CwlC was the only cell wall hydrolase in Bti found to contain both MurNAc-LAA and Amidase02_C domains. A recombinant CwlC-His protein was able to digest the Bacillus cell wall. Deletion of the cwlC gene delayed Bti mother cell lysis without impacting vegetative growth or insecticidal efficacy. Transcriptional analyses indicated that cwlC was expressed at the late sporulation stage and was controlled by SigK. Two other cell wall hydrolase genes, cwlB and cwlE, with high expression levels at T14 in Bt-59, were also identified. Like cwlC, cwlB expression was controlled by SigK; in contrast, cwlE was found not to be under the control of this sigma factor and unlike the other two, its gene was found to be plasmid encoded.
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Catalytic core-shell nanoparticles with self-supplied calcium and H 2O 2 to enable combinational tumor inhibition. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:313. [PMID: 34641854 PMCID: PMC8507391 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles, presenting catalytic activity to induce intracellular oxidative species, have been extensively explored for tumor treatment, but suffer daunting challenges in the limited intracellular H2O2 and thus suppressed therapeutic efficacy. Here in this study, a type of composite nanoparticles, consisting CaO2 core and Co-ferrocene shell, is designed and synthesized for combinational tumor treatment. The findings indicate that CaO2 core can be hydrolyzed to produce large amounts of H2O2 and calcium ions at the acidic tumor sites. Meanwhile, Co-ferrocene shell acts as an excellent Fenton catalyst, inducing considerable ROS generation following its reaction with H2O2. Excessive cellular oxidative stress triggers agitated calcium accumulation in addition to the calcium ions released from the particles. The combined effect of intracellular ROS and calcium overload causes significant tumor inhibition both in vitro and in vivo.
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LBA64 Olanzapine, an alternative to dexamethasone for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin-based doublet highly emetogenic chemotherapy: A non-inferiority, prospective, multi-centered, randomized, controlled, phase III clinical trial. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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170P Identification and validation of novel immune genomic subtypes for triple-positive breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Design of an electric-driven nonvolatile low-energy-consumption phase change optical switch. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:405201. [PMID: 34171853 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0ead] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional optical switches relying on the weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effects of Si or SiN waveguides show a high consumption and large footprint. In this paper, we reported an electric-driven phase change optical switch consisting of a Si waveguide, Ge2Sb2Te5(GST) thin film and graphene heater suitable for large-scale integration and high-speed switching. The reversible transition between the amorphous and crystalline states was achieved by applying two different voltage pulses of 1.4 V (SET) and 4 V (RESET). The optical performance of the proposed switch showed a high extinction ration of 44-46 dB in a wide spectral range (1525-1575 nm), an effective index variation of Δneff = 0.49 and a mode loss variation of Δα = 15 dBμm-1at the wavelength of 1550 nm. In thermal simulations, thanks to the ultra-high thermal conductivity of graphene, the proposed switch showed that the consumption for the SET process was only 3.528 pJ with a 1.4 V pulse of 5 ns, while a 4 V pulse of 1.5 ns was needed for RESET process with a consumption of 1.05 nJ. Our work is helpful to analyze the thermal-conduction phase transition process of on-chip phase change optical switches, and the design of the low-energy-consumption switch is conducive to the integrated application of photonic chips.
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Fe 3O 4@Pt nanoparticles to enable combinational electrodynamic/chemodynamic therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:206. [PMID: 34246260 PMCID: PMC8272323 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrodynamic therapy (EDT) has recently emerged as a potential external field responsive approach for tumor treatment. While it presents a number of clear superiorities, EDT inherits the intrinsic challenges of current reactive oxygen species (ROS) based therapeutic treatments owing to the complex tumor microenvironment, including glutathione (GSH) overexpression, acidity and others. Herein for the first time, iron oxide nanoparticles are decorated using platinum nanocrystals (Fe3O4@Pt NPs) to integrate the current EDT with chemodynamic phenomenon and GSH depletion. Fe3O4@Pt NPs can effectively induce ROS generation based on the catalytic reaction on the surface of Pt nanoparticles triggered by electric field (E), and meanwhile it may catalyze intracellular H2O2 into ROS via Fenton reaction. In addition, Fe3+ ions released from Fe3O4@Pt NPs under the acidic condition in tumor cells consume GSH in a rapid fashion, inhibiting ROS clearance to enhance its antitumor efficacy. As a result, considerable in vitro and in vivo tumor inhibition phenomena are observed. This study has demonstrated an alternative concept of combinational therapeutic modality with superior efficacy. ![]()
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Pattern-Potential-Guided Growth of Textured Macromolecular Films on Graphene/High-Index Copper. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006836. [PMID: 34096113 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular films are crucial functional materials widely used in the fields of mechanics, electronics, optoelectronics, and biology, due to their superior properties of chemical stability, small density, high flexibility, and solution-processing ability. Their electronic and mechanical properties, however, are typically much lower than those of crystalline materials, as the macromolecular films have no long-range structural ordering. The state-of-the-art for producing highly ordered macromolecular films is still facing a great challenge due to the complex interactions between adjacent macromolecules. Here, the growth of textured macromolecular films on a designed graphene/high-index copper (Cu) surface is demonstrated. This successful growth is driven by a patterned potential that originates from the different amounts of charge transfer between the graphene and Cu surfaces with, alternately, terraces and step edges. The textured films exhibit a remarkable improvement in remnant ferroelectric polarization and fracture strength. It is also demonstrated that this growth mechanism is universal for different macromolecules. As meter-scale graphene/high-index Cu substrates have recently become available, the results open a new regime for the production and applications of highly ordered macromolecular films with obvious merits of high production and low cost.
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Cu-Ferrocene-Functionalized CaO 2 Nanoparticles to Enable Tumor-Specific Synergistic Therapy with GSH Depletion and Calcium Overload. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100241. [PMID: 34032026 PMCID: PMC8292872 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of endogenous H2 O2 into toxic hydroxyl radical (• OH) via catalytic nanoparticles is explored for tumor therapy and received considerable success. The intrinsic characteristics of microenvironment in tumor cells, such as limited H2 O2 and overexpressed glutathione (GSH), hinder the intracellular • OH accumulation and thus weaken therapeutic efficacy considerably. In this study, fine CaO2 nanoparticles with Cu-ferrocene molecules at the surface (CaO2 /Cu-ferrocene) are successfully designed and synthesized. Under an acidic condition, the particles release Ca2+ ions and H2 O2 in a rapid fashion, while they can remain stable in neutral. In addition, agitated production of • OH occurs following the Fenton reaction of H2 O2 and ferrocene molecules, and GSH is consumed by Cu2+ ions to avoid the potential • OH consumption. More interestingly, in addition to the exogenous Ca2+ released by the particles, the enhanced • OH production facilitates intracellular calcium accumulation by regulating Ca2+ channels and pumps of tumor cells. It turns out that promoted • OH induction and intracellular calcium overload enable significant in vitro and in vivo antitumor phenomena.
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Subpolar North Atlantic western boundary density anomalies and the Meridional Overturning Circulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3002. [PMID: 34031423 PMCID: PMC8144605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which have the potential to drive societally-important climate impacts, have traditionally been linked to the strength of deep water formation in the subpolar North Atlantic. Yet there is neither clear observational evidence nor agreement among models about how changes in deep water formation influence overturning. Here, we use data from a trans-basin mooring array (OSNAP-Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) to show that winter convection during 2014-2018 in the interior basin had minimal impact on density changes in the deep western boundary currents in the subpolar basins. Contrary to previous modeling studies, we find no discernable relationship between western boundary changes and subpolar overturning variability over the observational time scales. Our results require a reconsideration of the notion of deep western boundary changes representing overturning characteristics, with implications for constraining the source of overturning variability within and downstream of the subpolar region.
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Relaxation capacity of cartilage is a critical factor in rate- and integrity-dependent fracture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9527. [PMID: 33947908 PMCID: PMC8096812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage heals poorly but experiences mechanically induced damage across a broad range of loading rates and matrix integrity. Because loading rates and matrix integrity affect cartilage mechanical responses due to poroviscoelastic relaxation mechanisms, their effects on cartilage failure are important for assessing and preventing failure. This paper investigated rate- and integrity-dependent crack nucleation in cartilage from pre- to post-relaxation timescales. Rate-dependent crack nucleation and relaxation responses were obtained as a function of matrix integrity through microindentation. Total work for crack nucleation increased with decreased matrix integrity, and with decreased loading rates. Critical energy release rate of intact cartilage was estimated as 2.39 ± 1.39 to 2.48 ± 1.26 kJ m-2 in a pre-relaxation timescale. These findings showed that crack nucleation is delayed when cartilage can accommodate localized loading through poroviscoelastic relaxation mechanisms before fracture at a given loading rate and integrity state.
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Biodegradable MnFe-hydroxide nanocapsules to enable multi-therapeutics delivery and hypoxia-modulated tumor treatment. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3929-3938. [PMID: 32232281 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00243g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing drug delivery platforms that can modulate a tumor microenvironment and deliver multiple therapeutics to targeted tumors is critical for efficient cancer treatment. Achieving these platforms still remains a great challenge. Herein, biodegradable nanocapsules based on MnFe hydroxides (H-MnFe(OH)x) have been developed as a new type of cargo delivery with high loading capacity and catalytic activity, enabling synergetic therapy with promoted efficacy by relieving hypoxia in tumor tissues. As a proof of concept, a photosensitizer (indocyanine green, ICG) and a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, DOX) are co-loaded in nanocapsules and selectively released upon degradation of the nanocapsules in the acidic tumor microenvironment, and are promoted by near infrared irradiation. Meanwhile, Mn2+/Fe3+ ions released from the degradation of nanocapsules catalyze the conversion of H2O2 in a tumor microenvironment into oxygen, which modulates tumor hypoxia and dramatically boosts multimodal therapies. Remarkable synergistic anticancer outcomes have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, paving the way towards future multifunctional therapeutic platforms.
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Hollow nanocapsules of NiFe hydroxides to enable doxorubicin delivery and combinational tumour therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2598-2607. [PMID: 33595002 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, fine hollow nanocapsules, consisting of NiFe hydroxides (denoted as H-NiFe(OH)x), are designed and synthesized for the delivery of an anticancer drug (Doxorubicin, DOX) and tumour depletion. Owing to its fascinating characteristics of "Fe2+ preservation and regeneration", H-NiFe(OH)x presents considerable Fenton activity for hydroxyl radical (˙OH) induction. Efficient delivery of DOX is ensured due to its hollow microstructure, and a typical pH-responsive drug release is enabled. More importantly, the intracellular DOX, in addition to its intrinsic antitumour properties, induces extra exogenous H2O2 which favors the production of ˙OH by H-NiFe(OH)x in tumour cells. In consequence, remarkable in vitro and in vivo antitumour properties are successfully achieved. This drug delivery system is particularly inspirational to further studies in the exploration of intelligent therapeutic platforms for combinational tumour therapy.
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Pomegranate-like silicon-based anodes self-assembled by hollow-structured Si/void@C nanoparticles for Li-ion batteries with high performances. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:095402. [PMID: 33157543 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc84e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is considered as one of the most promising alternatives to the graphite anode for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g-1). However, its fragile solid electrolyte interphase cannot tolerate the large volume changes of bare silicon induced by the lithium insertion and extraction, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency. In previous reports, a yolk-shell design, such as Si@void@C, in which the well-defined space allows the silicon particles to expand freely without breaking the outer carbon shells, can effectively improve the Columbic efficiency. Here, we design a pomegranate-like silicon-based anodes self-assembled by the hollow-structured Si/void@C nanoparticles, in which silicon and some voids are together sealed in the outer carbon shells, by the magnesiothermic reduction of the colloidal SiO2@PEI nanospheres prepared by the hydrolysis of the tetraethoxysilane under the catalytic effect of polyetherimide (PEI). Due to the tolerance of the presealed void in the carbon shells of the primary hollow-structured Si/void@C nanoparticles, the prepared pomegranate-like silicon-based anodes deliver a high reversible capacity of 1615 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and long cycle life of 73.5% capacity retention at 2 C after 500 cycles, as well as high Coulombic efficiency of 99%.
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Long‐term safety and efficacy of a fixed‐combination halobetasol propionate 0.01%/tazarotene 0.045% lotion in moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: phase 3 open‐label study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1152-1160. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A modified random network model for P 2O 5-Na 2O-Al 2O 3-SiO 2 glass studied by molecular dynamics simulations. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7025-7036. [PMID: 35423197 PMCID: PMC8694886 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10810c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the short- and medium-range structural features of sodium aluminosilicate glasses with various P2O5 (0–7 mol%) content and Al/Na ratios ranging from 0.667 to 2.000 by using molecular dynamics simulations. The local environment evolution of network former cations (Si, Al, P) and the extent of clustering behavior of modifiers (Na+) is determined through pair distribution function (PDF), total correlation function (TDF), coordination number (CN), Qxn distribution and oxygen speciation analysis. We show that Al–O–P and Si–O–Al linkage is preferred over other connections as compared to a random model and that Si–O–Si linkage is promoted by the P2O5 addition, which is related to structural heterogeneity and generates well-separated silicon-rich and aluminum–phosphorus-rich regions. Meanwhile, due to the relatively high propensity of Al to both Si and P, heterogeneity can be partly overcome with high Al content. A small amount of Si–O–P linkages have been detected at the interface of separated regions. Clustering of Na+ is also observed and intensified with the addition of P2O5. Based on the simulated structural information, a modified random network model for P2O5-bearing sodium aluminosilicate glass has been proposed, which could be useful to optimize the mobility of sodium ions and design novel functional glass compositions. (A) A modified structural model proposed for P2O5-bearing sodium aluminosilicate glasses. (B) Degree of preferred connection (DPC) of different T–O–T network linkage for LAP, MAP and HAP glass compositions with various P2O5 content.![]()
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Tunable interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in symmetrical Au/[Fe/Au] n multilayers. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2665-2672. [PMID: 33496295 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (i-DMI) has been exploited in as-made symmetrical Au/[Fe/Au]n structures. By tailoring the chirality of the i-DMI at the Au/Fe interface, an overall enhancement of the i-DMI can be obtained in such a symmetrical structure. Furthermore, the tunability of the i-DMI was realized by changing the stacking number n. Compared to the top of Fe, a large tensile stress at the bottom of Fe due to lattice mismatch was responsible for the chirality change in the sub/Au/Fe system. Layer-resolved DMI calculations revealed that the sign of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) energy was changed for Au near the interface of Au/Fe under tensile stress, subsequently reversing the chirality of the i-DMI from left-handed to right-handed. Our findings provide a simplest way to tune the i-DMI in a multilayer system, further benefiting the application of skyrmion-based devices.
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Effects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin on Inflammatory Factors in Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury. Indian J Pharm Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Reversible magnetism transition at ferroelectric oxide heterointerface. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:2094-2099. [PMID: 36732962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxide heterointerface is a platform to create unprecedented two-dimensional electron gas, superconductivity and ferromagnetism, arising from a polar discontinuity at the interface. In particular, the ability to tune these intriguing effects paves a way to elucidate their fundamental physics and to develop novel electronic/magnetic devices. In this work, we report for the first time that a ferroelectric polarization screening at SrTiO3/PbTiO3 interface is able to drive an electronic construction of Ti atom, giving rise to room-temperature ferromagnetism. Surprisingly, such ferromagnetism can be switched to antiferromagnetism by applying a magnetic field, which is reversible. A coupling of itinerant electrons with local moments at interfacial Ti 3d orbital was proposed to explain the magnetism. The localization of the itinerant electrons under a magnetic field is responsible for the suppression of magnetism. These findings provide new insights into interfacial magnetism and their control by magnetic field relevant interfacial electrons promising for device applications.
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[Surgical site infection after abdominal surgery in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study]. ZHONGHUA WEI CHANG WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY 2020; 23:1036-1042. [PMID: 33212551 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20200810-00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Surgical site infection (SSI) can markedly prolong postoperative hospital stay, aggravate the burden on patients and society, even endanger the life of patients. This study aims to investigate the national incidence of SSI following abdominal surgery and to analyze the related risk factors in order to provide reference for the control and prevention of SSI following abdominal surgery. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted. Clinical data of all the adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery in 68 hospitals across the country from June 1 to 30, 2020 were collected, including demographic characteristics, clinical parameters during the perioperative period, and the results of microbial culture of infected incisions. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI within postoperative 30 days, and the secondary outcomes were ICU stay, postoperative hospital stay, cost of hospitalization and the mortality within postoperative 30-day. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of SSI after abdominal surgery. Results: A total of 5560 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were included, and 163 cases (2.9%) developed SSI after surgery, including 98 cases (60.1%) with organ/space infections, 19 cases (11.7%) with deep incisional infections, and 46 cases (28.2%) with superficial incisional infections. The results from microbial culture showed that Escherichia coli was the main pathogen of SSI. Multivariate analysis revealed hypertension (OR=1.792, 95% CI: 1.194-2.687, P=0.005), small intestine as surgical site (OR=6.911, 95% CI: 1.846-25.878, P=0.004), surgical duration (OR=1.002, 95% CI: 1.001-1.003, P<0.001), and surgical incision grade (contaminated incision: OR=3.212, 95% CI: 1.495-6.903, P=0.003; Infection incision: OR=11.562, 95%CI: 3.777-35.391, P<0.001) were risk factors for SSI, while laparoscopic or robotic surgery (OR=0.564, 95%CI: 0.376-0.846, P=0.006) and increased preoperative albumin level (OR=0.920, 95%CI: 0.888-0.952, P<0.001) were protective factors for SSI. In addition, as compared to non-SSI patients, the SSI patients had significantly higher rate of ICU stay [26.4% (43/163) vs. 9.5% (514/5397), χ(2)=54.999, P<0.001] and mortality within postoperative 30-day [1.84% (3/163) vs.0.01% (5/5397), χ(2)=33.642, P<0.001], longer ICU stay (median: 0 vs. 0, U=518 414, P<0.001), postoperative hospital stay (median: 17 days vs. 7 days, U=656 386, P<0.001), and total duration of hospitalization (median: 25 days vs. 12 days, U=648 129, P<0.001), and higher hospitalization costs (median: 71 000 yuan vs. 39 000 yuan, U=557 966, P<0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of SSI after abdominal surgery is 2.9%. In order to reduce the incidence of postoperative SSI, hypoproteinemia should be corrected before surgery, laparoscopic or robotic surgery should be selected when feasible, and the operating time should be minimized. More attentions should be paid and nursing should be strengthened for those patients with hypertension, small bowel surgery and seriously contaminated incision during the perioperative period.
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[Risk factors for surgical site infection after emergency abdominal surgery: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China]. ZHONGHUA WEI CHANG WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY 2020; 23:1043-1050. [PMID: 33212552 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.441530-20200527-00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common infectious complication after emergency abdominal surgery (EAS). To a large extent, most SSI can be prevented, but there are few relevant studies in China. This study mainly investigated the current situation of SSI occurrence after EAS in China, and further explored risk factors for SSI occurrence. Methods: Multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted. Clinical data of patients undergoing EAS in 33 hospitals across China between May 1, 2019 and June 7, 2019 were prospectively collected, including perioperative data and microbial culture results from infected incisions. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI after EAS, while the secondary outcomes were postoperative hospital stay, ICU occupancy rate, length of ICU stay, hospitalization cost, and mortality within postoperative 30 days. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of SSI after EAS. Results: A total of 660 EAS patients aged (47.9±18.3) years were enrolled in this study, including 56.5% of males (373/660). Forty-nine (7.4%) patients developed postoperative SSI. The main pathogen of SSI was Escherichia coli [culture positive rate was 32.7% (16/49)]. As compared to patients without SSI, those with SSI were more likely to be older (median 56 years vs. 46 years, U=19 973.5, P<0.001), male [71.4% (35/49) vs. 56.1% (343/611), χ(2)=4.334, P=0.037] and diabetes [14.3% (7/49) vs. 5.1% (31/611), χ(2)=5.498, P=0.015]; with-lower preoperative hemoglobin (median: 122.0 g/L vs. 143.5 g/L, U=11 471.5, P=0.006) and albumin (median: 35.5 g/L vs. 40.8 g/L, U=9452.0, P<0.001), with higher blood glucose (median: 6.9 mmol/L vs. 6.0 mmol/L, U=17 754.5, P<0.001); with intestinal obstruction [32.7% (16/49) vs. 9.2% (56/611), χ(2)=25.749, P<0.001], with ASA score 3-4 [42.9% (21/49) vs. 13.9% (85/611), χ(2)=25.563, P<0.001] and with high surgical risk [49.0% (24/49) vs. 7.0% (43/611), χ(2)=105.301, P<0.001]. The main operative procedure resulting in SSI was laparotomy [81.6%(40/49) vs. 35.7%(218/611), χ(2)=40.232, P<0.001]. Patients with SSI experienced significantly longer operation time (median: 150 minutes vs. 75 minutes, U=25 183.5, P<0.001). In terms of clinical outcome, higher ICU occupancy rate [51.0% (25/49) vs. 19.5% (119/611), χ(2)=26.461, P<0.001], more hospitalization costs (median: 44 000 yuan vs. 15 000 yuan, U=24 660.0, P<0.001), longer postoperative hospital stay (median: 10 days vs. 5 days, U=23 100.0, P<0.001) and longer ICU occupancy time (median: 0 days vs. 0 days, U=19 541.5, P<0.001) were found in the SSI group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly (OR=3.253, 95% CI: 1.178-8.985, P=0.023), colorectal surgery (OR=9.156, 95% CI: 3.655-22.937, P<0.001) and longer operation time (OR=15.912, 95% CI:6.858-36.916, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of SSI, while the laparoscopic surgery (OR=0.288, 95% CI: 0.119-0.694, P=0.006) was an independent protective factor for SSI. Conclusions: For patients undergoing EAS, attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly patients and those of colorectal surgery. Laparoscopic surgery should be adopted when feasible and the operation time should be minimized, so as to reduce the incidence of SSI and to reduce the burden on patients and medical institutions.
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Design of low loss 1 × 1 and 1 × 2 phase-change optical switches with different crystalline phases of Ge 2Sb 2Te 5 films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:455206. [PMID: 32707570 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On-chip photonics devices relying on the weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effects of silicon usually suffer from high insertion loss (IL) and a low refractive index coefficient. In this paper, we designed two novel 1 × 1 and 1 × 2 phase-change optical switches based on a signal-mode Si waveguide integrated with a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) top clad layer, respectively. The three-state switch including amorphous GST (a-GST), face centered cubic crystalline phase (FCC-GST) and hexagonal crystalline phase (HCP-GST) operated by utilizing the dramatic difference in the optical constants between the amorphous and two crystalline phases of GST. In the case of the 1 × 1 optical switch, an extinction ratio (ER) of 8.9 dB and an extremely low IL of 0.8 dB were achieved using an optimum GST length of only 2 μm. While for the 1 × 2 optical switch, low ILs in the range of 0.15 ∼ 0.35 dB for both 'cross' (a-GST) and 'bar' (FCC-GST and HCP-GST) states were also obtained. Additionally, we found that both ILs and mode losses of the switch with HCP-GST were about half lower than those with FCC-GST, which means FCC-GST could be instituted by HCP-GST in the traditional ovonic switch with the consideration of low loss. This research provides the fundamental understanding for the realization of low loss and non-volatile Si-GST hybrid optical switches, with potential for future communication networks.
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Silver ion-doped CdTe quantum dots as fluorescent probe for Hg 2+ detection. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38965-38973. [PMID: 35518388 PMCID: PMC9057423 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury(ii), which is a well-known toxic species, exists in the industrial waste water in many cases. In the present work, CdTe quantum dots (QDs) are studied as a fluorescence probe for Hg2+ detection. Ag ions are induced to QDs to enlarge their detection concentration range. l-cysteine is employed in the QD-based fluorescence probe to connect QDs with Hg2+. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate the formation of zinc blende CdTe QDs with sizes of ∼5 nm and the existence of Ag+ in crystalline CdTe. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra and PL decay spectra were acquired to investigate the emission mechanism of Ag-doped CdTe QDs, revealing multi-emission in QD samples with higher concentrations of Ag+ doping. The highest PL quantum yield of the QD samples was 59.4%. Furthermore, the relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Hg2+ has been established. Two linear relationships were obtained for the plot of F/F0 against Hg2+ concentration, enlarging the detection concentration range of Hg2+. Ag-doped CdTe QDs emit multiple-fluorescence peaks, and the relationship between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Hg2+ is established. Two linear relationships are obtained, which is benefit to the extension of detection range.![]()
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