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Whitmore E, Silburn K, Chalmers G, Chan W, Ross L, Cheung H, Elmas K, Hickling D. The Impact of Malnutrition and Body Mass Index on Heart Transplant Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Logeman C, Taddio A, McMurtry CM, Bucci L, MacDonald N, Chalmers G, Gudzak V, Shah V, Coldham J, Little C, Samborn T, Dribnenki C, Snider J. Student Feedback to Tailor the CARD™ System for Improving the Immunization Experience at School. Children (Basel) 2020; 7:E126. [PMID: 32899632 PMCID: PMC7552616 DOI: 10.3390/children7090126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the comfort of vaccine delivery at school is needed to improve the immunization experience for students. We created the CARD™ (C-Comfort, A-Ask, R-Relax and D-Distract) system to address this clinical care gap. Originally designed for grade 7 students, this study examined the perceptions of grade 9 students of CARD™. Grade 9 students who had experience with school-based immunizations, either as recipients or onlookers (n = 7; 100% females 14 years old) participated. Students answered pre-post surveys, reviewed CARD™ educational materials and participated in a semi-structured focus group discussion. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used as the framework for analysis of qualitative data. Participants reported positive perceptions of CARD™ educational materials and that CARD™ could fit into the school immunization process. CARD™ improved knowledge about effective coping interventions and was recommended for education of both nurses and students. The results provide preliminary evidence that CARD™ is acceptable and appropriate for implementation in grade 9 school-based immunizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Logeman
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada; (C.L.); (V.G.)
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Anna Taddio
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada; (C.L.); (V.G.)
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - C. Meghan McMurtry
- Department of Psychology, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Lucie Bucci
- Immunize Canada, Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa, ON K1Z 8R9, Canada;
| | - Noni MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada;
| | - Garth Chalmers
- University of Toronto Schools, Toronto, ON M5S 2R7, Canada;
| | - Victoria Gudzak
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada; (C.L.); (V.G.)
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Vibhuti Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada;
| | - Joanne Coldham
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2W 3N2, Canada; (J.C.); (C.L.); (T.S.); (C.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Cheri Little
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2W 3N2, Canada; (J.C.); (C.L.); (T.S.); (C.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Tracy Samborn
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2W 3N2, Canada; (J.C.); (C.L.); (T.S.); (C.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Cindy Dribnenki
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2W 3N2, Canada; (J.C.); (C.L.); (T.S.); (C.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Joanne Snider
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2W 3N2, Canada; (J.C.); (C.L.); (T.S.); (C.D.); (J.S.)
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Ricker N, Spoja BS, May N, Chalmers G. Incorporating the plasmidome into antibiotic resistance surveillance in animal agriculture. Plasmid 2020; 113:102529. [PMID: 32771502 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2020.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MGE) carrying resistance genes represent a unique challenge to risk assessment and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Yet determining the mobility of resistance genes within animal microbiomes is essential to evaluating the potential dissemination from livestock to potential human pathogens, as well as evaluating co-selection mechanisms that may impact persistence of resistance genes with changing antibiotic use patterns. Current surveillance efforts utilize phenotypic testing and sequencing of individual isolates for tracking of AMR in livestock. In this work, we investigated the utility of using long-read sequencing of the plasmids from mixed Enterobacterales enrichments of swine fecal samples as a surveillance strategy for AMR plasmids. Enrichments were performed in either MacConkey broth without selection or with selection by addition of tetracycline or ceftriaxone, and plasmids were extracted and sequenced in order to evaluate the diversity of plasmids enriched by each method. Intact resistance plasmids were successfully assembled, as well as complex resistance transposons carrying multiple repeated elements that would interfere with assembly by short read sequencing technologies. Comparison of the assembled plasmids with representatives from public databases confirmed the quality of the assemblies and also revealed the occurrence of IncI2 plasmids carrying blaCMY-2 in Ontario swine samples, which have not been found in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ricker
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - B S Spoja
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - N May
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Chalmers
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Taddio A, Ilersich ANT, Ilersich ALT, Schmidt C, Chalmers G, Wilson E, McMurtry CM, MacDonald N, Bucci LM, Freedman T, Wong H. Piloting The CARD™ System for education of students about vaccination: Does it improve the vaccination experience at school? Paediatr Child Health 2019; 24:S35-S41. [PMID: 30948921 PMCID: PMC6438862 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many students are fearful of vaccine injection-associated pain. In prior research, we created Knowledge Translation (KT) tools to address school vaccinations and associated pain, fear, and fainting. The objectives of this pilot implementation project were to determine the acceptability and impact of these KT tools on student knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of their vaccination experience. METHODS Pre-post mixed methods design. Students in an independent school in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, participated in two separate focus groups before and after school vaccinations. In both sessions, they independently completed a knowledge and attitudes survey, reviewed three KT tools (two videos and one pamphlet) and then repeated the knowledge and attitudes survey. They provided structured and qualitative feedback about the KT tools and described the impact of the education on the vaccination experience. RESULTS Altogether, 11 grade 7 students participated. Knowledge scores were higher post-tool review compared to baseline in the first focus group. There was no significant difference in fear scores and attitudes about getting vaccinated. Qualitative feedback was categorized into two themes: intervention characteristics and characteristics of the school environment. Students reported the KT tools helped them to prepare for vaccination. They used the information on vaccination day to reduce their own fear and pain and to assist peers. They believed all students should view the KT tools. Students reported that teachers and nurses did not do enough to make vaccinations a positive experience. For example, they did not provide a private setting as an option for vaccination and prevented them from using some coping strategies recommended in the KT tools. DISCUSSION This study provides preliminary evidence of the acceptability and positive impact of the KT tools on students' vaccination experiences. Future research is recommended that involves inclusion of all students and adults in the KT intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Taddio
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | | | | | | | - Evelyn Wilson
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | | | | | - Tamlyn Freedman
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Horace Wong
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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Chalmers G, Glushka JN, Foley BL, Woods RJ, Prestegard JH. Direct NOE simulation from long MD trajectories. J Magn Reson 2016; 265:1-9. [PMID: 26826977 PMCID: PMC4818662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A software package, MD2NOE, is presented which calculates Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) build-up curves directly from molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories. It differs from traditional approaches in that it calculates correlation functions directly from the trajectory instead of extracting inverse sixth power distance terms as an intermediate step in calculating NOEs. This is particularly important for molecules that sample conformational states on a timescale similar to molecular reorientation. The package is tested on sucrose and results are shown to differ in small but significant ways from those calculated using an inverse sixth power assumption. Results are also compared to experiment and found to be in reasonable agreement despite an expected underestimation of water viscosity by the water model selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chalmers
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - J N Glushka
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - B L Foley
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - R J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - J H Prestegard
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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Marshall A, MacPherson I, Currie G, Chalmers G. P275 Ebus Or Eus In The Diagnosis Of Sarcoidosis? Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Thomas SJ, Aspradakis MM, Byrne JP, Chalmers G, Duane S, Rogers J, Thomas RAS, Tudor GSJ, Twyman N. Reference dosimetry on TomoTherapy: an addendum to the 1990 UK MV dosimetry code of practice. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:1339-52. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tsim S, Chalmers G. P199 Discrepancy between symptom severity and self-reported palliative care needs in Interstitial Lung Disease patients. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Manolopoulos S, Wojnecki C, Hugtenburg R, Jaafar Sidek MA, Chalmers G, Heyes G, Green S. Small field measurements with a novel silicon position sensitive diode array. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:485-95. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/3/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chalmers G, Martin SW, Hunter DB, Prescott JF, Weber LJ, Boerlin P. Genetic diversity of Clostridium perfringens isolated from healthy broiler chickens at a commercial farm. Vet Microbiol 2008; 127:116-27. [PMID: 17888591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an important commensal and bacterial pathogen of many animal species. It has particular significance in poultry, where it may cause necrotic enteritis. Our objective was to characterize the population diversity of C. perfringens colonizing healthy birds, and to observe how diversity changed over time. Isolates were obtained from broiler chicken cecal samples in two barns on a single farm, on days 7, 14, 22, 27, 30 and 34 of a single 42-day rearing cycle. Bacitracin was used as a feed additive in one of the barns and withdrawn from the second barn for the duration of the experiment. Each isolate was typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI restriction endonuclease. A total of 205 cecal isolates from 49 birds were typed, as well as 93 isolates from the barn environment (bedding, drinking water and feces). Eight major PFGE types and 17 subtypes were found in the 298 total isolates. The results show that an optimal sampling strategy would involve a large number of birds, with only a few isolates sampled per bird. The diversity of C. perfringens in this study appears to be low within a single bird, and increases as the bird matures. There was no significant difference in genetic diversity between the two barns. In addition, isolates from fresh fecal samples appear to represent the cecal C. perfringens population accurately, although this was not proven statistically. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on selected isolates (n=41) representing a cross-section of PFGE types. Based on minimum inhibitory concentration distributions, 95% of the isolates tested were deemed resistant to bacitracin, with a 16 microg/mL breakpoint. Three new cpb2 (beta2 toxin gene) variants were found in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chalmers
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Chalmers G, Bruce HL, Toole DL, Barnum DA, Boerlin P. Necrotic Enteritis Potential in a Model System Using Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Field Outbreaks. Avian Dis 2007; 51:834-9. [DOI: 10.1637/7959-022807-regr.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chalmers G, Martin SW, Prescott JF, Boerlin P. Typing of Clostridium perfringens by multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis. Vet Microbiol 2007; 128:126-35. [PMID: 18022331 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a well-characterized bacterial species which can be both commensal and pathogenic in humans and many animals. Genetic typing of the bacterium is often used for molecular epidemiological purposes, and can be useful for observing population structures as well. Analysis of the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) within the genome, called multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) provides genetic information useful for molecular typing. A MLVA typing method has been developed recently by Sawires and Songer [Sawires, Y.S., Songer, J.G., 2005. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for strain typing of Clostridium perfringens. Anaerobe 11, 262-272] for C. perfringens. A novel MLVA protocol is described here, with the aim of investigating the discriminatory potential of the method, and to obtain preliminary data on the population structure of C. perfringens from a wide variety of C. perfringens sources. This protocol uses new loci in noncoding regions of the chromosome, and also makes use of capillary electrophoresis for more precise results and for high-throughput typing. DNA sequencing of amplicons was performed to ensure inclusion of conserved tandem repeats within each locus. Fifty-four epidemiologically unrelated isolates from a local collection obtained from 11 different animal species were typed at 6 loci. Thirty-five unique MLVA types were obtained, resulting in a Simpson's index of diversity of 0.975. Epidemiologically related isolates (n=27) previously typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were also examined with MLVA and the congruency of the two methods was found to be very high. All 81 isolates were successfully typed with MLVA, and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were automated using robotics and 96-well plates, with PCR product sizes determined using capillary electrophoresis. Reproducibility was also shown to be very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chalmers
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Raeside DA, Chalmers G, Clelland J, Madhok R, Peacock AJ. Pulmonary artery pressure variation in patients with connective tissue disease: 24 hour ambulatory pulmonary artery pressure monitoring. Thorax 1998; 53:857-62. [PMID: 10193372 PMCID: PMC1745077 DOI: 10.1136/thx.53.10.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific contribution of secondary pulmonary hypertension to the morbidity and mortality of patients with underlying lung disease can be difficult to assess from single measurements of pulmonary artery pressure. We have studied patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension using an ambulatory system for measuring continuous pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). We chose to study patients with connective tissue disease because they represent a group at high risk of pulmonary vascular disease, but with little disturbance of lung function. METHODS Six patients (five with progressive systemic sclerosis and one with systemic lupus erythematosis) were studied. They underwent preliminary cardiopulmonary investigations followed by Doppler echocardiography, right heart catheterisation, and ambulatory pulmonary artery pressure monitoring to measure changes in pressure over a 24 hour period including during a formal exercise test. RESULTS All patients had pulmonary hypertension as measured by Doppler echocardiography with estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressures of 40-100 mm Hg. Pulmonary function testing revealed virtually normal spirometric values (mean FEV1 86.9% predicted) but marked reduction in CO gas transfer factor (KCO 57.8% predicted). Exercise responses were impaired with mean VO2max 50.6% predicted. Ambulatory PAP monitoring indicated significant changes in pressures with variation in posture and activity throughout 24 hours. Resting PAP did not predict the change in PAP seen on exercise. CONCLUSION Conventional methods of assessment of the pulmonary circulation based on single measurements in the supine position may underestimate the stresses faced by the right side of the circulation. This ambulatory system allows monitoring of pulmonary haemodynamics continuously over 24 hours during normal activities of daily living. These measurements may increase our understanding of the contribution made by secondary pulmonary hypertension to the morbidity and mortality of the underlying lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Raeside
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Glasgow Hospitals University NHS Trust, Western Infirmary, UK
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Chalmers G. Extended BPH renormalization of cutoff scalar field theories. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1996; 53:7143-7156. [PMID: 10020002 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.53.7143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bern Z, Chalmers G, Dixon L, Kosower DA. One-loop n-gluon amplitudes with maximal helicity violation via collinear limits. Phys Rev Lett 1994; 72:2134-2137. [PMID: 10055798 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Hanson J, Lowes N, Chalmers G, McIntosh D. Western Canada. Paramyxovirus infection in pigeons. Can Vet J 1989; 30:970. [PMID: 17423482 PMCID: PMC1681323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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Wood J, Chalmers G, Fenton R, Pritchard J, Schoonderwoerd M. Alberta. Salmonella enteritidis from the udder of a cow. Can Vet J 1989; 30:833. [PMID: 17423447 PMCID: PMC1681294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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Wood J, Chalmers G, Fenton R, Pritchard J, Schoonderwoerd M. Alberta. Lindane toxicity in beef cattle. Can Vet J 1989; 30:833. [PMID: 17423448 PMCID: PMC1681291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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Abstract
The effects of neonatal diagnostic screening on cystic-fibrosis (CF) -related morbidity were evaluated by comparing hospital admissions for CF-related illness in the first 2 years of life in 40 patients detected by means of neonatal screening and 56 patients born in the 3 years before screening began. Unscreened patients without meconium ileus had a mean of 27.25 hospital days for CF-related illness, and screened patients a mean of 3.9 days. There was no trend with time towards fewer days spent in hospital: the change was sudden. The difference was significant and could not be attributed to non-comparability of groups, changes in admission policy, or changes in management. In patients with meconium ileus there was no significant difference in hospital admissions between the groups. Neonatal screening significantly reduces CF morbidity in the first 2 years of life.
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Chalmers G. An innovative surveillance and infection control program. Hosp Prog 1972; 53:78-9. [PMID: 4557596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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