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Bi C, Chadwick J, Davies ML, DelMonte AJ, Geng P, Glace AW, Green RA, Gurak JA, Haley MW, He BL, Inankur B, Jamison CR, Joe CL, Kolotuchin S, Lin D, Lou S, Nye J, Ortiz A, Purdum GE, Rosso VW, Shah M, Simmons EM, Stevens JM, Strotman NA, Tan Y, Zhang L. Coupling-Condensation Strategy for the Convergent Synthesis of an Imidazole-Fused 2-Aminoquinoline NLRP3 Agonist. J Org Chem 2023; 88:384-394. [PMID: 36516991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of a convergent route to the NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3) agonist BMS-986299 is reported. The synthesis relies on a key Miyaura borylation and a tandem Suzuki-Miyaura coupling between an iodoimidazole and an o-aminochloroarene, followed by acid-mediated cyclization to afford the aminoquinoline core. The subsequent Boc cleavage and regioselective acylation afford the target compound. Two routes to the iodoimidazole intermediate are presented, along with the synthesis of the o-aminochloroarene via Negishi coupling. The convergent six-step route leads to an 80% reduction in process mass intensity compared to the linear enabling synthesis.
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Pensack RD, Purdum GE, Mazza SM, Grieco C, Asbury JB, Anthony JE, Loo YL, Scholes GD. Excited-State Dynamics of 5,14- vs 6,13-Bis(trialkylsilylethynyl)-Substituted Pentacenes: Implications for Singlet Fission. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:9784-9793. [PMID: 35756579 PMCID: PMC9210346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is a process in conjugated organic materials that has the potential to considerably improve the performance of devices in many applications, including solar energy conversion. In any application involving singlet fission, efficient triplet harvesting is essential. At present, not much is known about molecular packing arrangements detrimental to singlet fission. In this work, we report a molecular packing arrangement in crystalline films of 5,14-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-substituted pentacene, specifically a local (pairwise) packing arrangement, responsible for complete quenching of triplet pairs generated via singlet fission. We first demonstrate that the energetic condition necessary for singlet fission is satisfied in amorphous films of the 5,14-substituted pentacene derivative. However, while triplet pairs form highly efficiently in the amorphous films, only a modest yield of independent triplets is observed. In crystalline films, triplet pairs also form highly efficiently, although independent triplets are not observed because triplet pairs decay rapidly and are quenched completely. We assign the quenching to a rapid nonadiabatic transition directly to the ground state. Detrimental quenching is observed in crystalline films of two additional 5,14-bis(trialkylsilylethynyl)-substituted pentacenes with either ethyl or isobutyl substituents. Developing a better understanding of the losses identified in this work, and associated molecular packing, may benefit overcoming losses in solids of other singlet fission materials.
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Zheng B, Hang C, Zhu J, Purdum GE, Sezen-Edmonds M, Treitler DS, Yu M, Yuan C, Zhu Y, Freitag A, Guo S, Zhu G, Hritzko B, Paulson J, Shackman JG, He BL, Fu W, Tai HC, Ayers S, Park H, Eastgate MD, Cohen B, Rogers A, Wang Q, Schmidt MA. P(III) vs P(V): A P(V) Reagent for Thiophosphoramidate Linkages and Application to an Asymmetric Synthesis of a Cyclic Dinucleotide STING Agonist. J Org Chem 2022. [PMID: 34232659 DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.14207360.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly stereoselective synthesis of a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) STING agonist containing two chiral thiophosphoramidate linkages is described. These rare yet key functional groups were, for the first time, installed efficiently and with high diastereoselectivity using a specially designed P(V) reagent. By utilizing this strategy, the CDN was prepared in greater than 16-fold higher yield than the prior P(III) approach, with fewer hazardous reagents and chromatographic purifications.
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Zheng B, Hang C, Zhu J, Purdum GE, Sezen-Edmonds M, Treitler DS, Yu M, Yuan C, Zhu Y, Freitag A, Guo S, Zhu G, Hritzko B, Paulson J, Shackman JG, He BL, Fu W, Tai HC, Ayers S, Park H, Eastgate MD, Cohen B, Rogers A, Wang Q, Schmidt MA. P(III) vs P(V): A P(V) Reagent for Thiophosphoramidate Linkages and Application to an Asymmetric Synthesis of a Cyclic Dinucleotide STING Agonist. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1934-1940. [PMID: 34232659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly stereoselective synthesis of a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) STING agonist containing two chiral thiophosphoramidate linkages is described. These rare yet key functional groups were, for the first time, installed efficiently and with high diastereoselectivity using a specially designed P(V) reagent. By utilizing this strategy, the CDN was prepared in greater than 16-fold higher yield than the prior P(III) approach, with fewer hazardous reagents and chromatographic purifications.
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Malig TC, Tan Y, Wisniewski SR, Higman CS, Carrasquillo-Flores R, Ortiz A, Purdum GE, Kolotuchin S, Hein JE. Development of a telescoped synthesis of 4-(1 H)-cyanoimidazole core accelerated by orthogonal reaction monitoring. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Telescoped synthesis enabled by reaction monitoring.
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Petty AJ, Ai Q, Sorli JC, Haneef HF, Purdum GE, Boehm A, Granger DB, Gu K, Rubinger CPL, Parkin SR, Graham KR, Jurchescu OD, Loo YL, Risko C, Anthony JE. Computationally aided design of a high-performance organic semiconductor: the development of a universal crystal engineering core. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10543-10549. [PMID: 32055377 PMCID: PMC6988752 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02930c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a suite of molecules based on a benzodithiophene "universal crystal engineering core". After computationally screening derivatives, a trialkylsilylethyne-based crystal engineering strategy was employed to tailor the crystal packing for use as the active material in an organic field-effect transistor. Electronic structure calculations were undertaken to reveal derivatives that exhibit exceptional potential for high-efficiency hole transport. The promising theoretical properties are reflected in the preliminary device results, with the computationally optimized material showing simple solution processing, enhanced stability, and a maximum hole mobility of 1.6 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Pensack RD, Tilley AJ, Grieco C, Purdum GE, Ostroumov EE, Granger DB, Oblinsky DG, Dean JC, Doucette GS, Asbury JB, Loo YL, Seferos DS, Anthony JE, Scholes GD. Striking the right balance of intermolecular coupling for high-efficiency singlet fission. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6240-6259. [PMID: 30090312 PMCID: PMC6062843 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission is a process that splits collective excitations, or excitons, into two with unity efficiency. This exciton splitting process, unique to molecular photophysics, has the potential to considerably improve the efficiency of optoelectronic devices through more efficient light harvesting. While the first step of singlet fission has been characterized in great detail, subsequent steps critical to achieving overall highly-efficient singlet-to-triplet conversion are only just beginning to become well understood. One of the most elementary suggestions, which has yet to be tested, is that an appropriately balanced coupling is necessary to ensure overall highly efficient singlet fission; that is, the coupling needs to be strong enough so that the first step is fast and efficient, yet weak enough to ensure the independent behavior of the resultant triplets. In this work, we show how high overall singlet-to-triplet conversion efficiencies can be achieved in singlet fission by ensuring that the triplets comprising the triplet pair behave as independently as possible. We show that side chain sterics govern local packing in amorphous pentacene derivative nanoparticles, and that this in turn controls both the rate at which triplet pairs form and the rate at which they decay. We show how compact side chains and stronger couplings promote a triplet pair that effectively couples to the ground state, whereas bulkier side chains promote a triplet pair that appears more like two independent and long-lived triplet excitations. Our results show that the triplet pair is not emissive, that its decay is best viewed as internal conversion rather than triplet-triplet annihilation, and perhaps most critically that, in contrast to a number of recent suggestions, the triplets comprising the initially formed triplet pair cannot be considered independently. This work represents a significant step toward better understanding intermediates in singlet fission, and how molecular packing and couplings govern overall triplet yields.
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Purdum GE, Telesz NG, Jarolimek K, Ryno SM, Gessner T, Davy NC, Petty AJ, Zhen Y, Shu Y, Facchetti A, Collis GE, Hu W, Wu C, Anthony JE, Weitz RT, Risko C, Loo YL. Presence of Short Intermolecular Contacts Screens for Kinetic Stability in Packing Polymorphs. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7519-7525. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dong BX, Amonoo JA, Purdum GE, Loo YL, Green PF. Enhancing Carrier Mobilities in Organic Thin-Film Transistors Through Morphological Changes at the Semiconductor/Dielectric Interface Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31144-31153. [PMID: 27748580 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Charge-carrier mobilities in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) increase 5-fold when OTFTs composed of P3HT films on trichloro (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl) silane (FTS) monolayers supported on SiO2 dielectric substrates (P3HT/FTS/SiO2/Si) are subjected to supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) processing. In contrast, carrier mobilities in P3HT/octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)/SiO2 OTFTs processed using scCO2 are comparable to mobilities measured in as-cast P3HT/OTS/SiO2/Si devices. Topographical images of the free and buried interfaces of P3HT films reveal that scCO2 selectively alters the P3HT morphology near the buried P3HT/FTS-SiO2 interface; identical processing has negligible effects at the P3HT/OTS-SiO2 interface. A combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction experiments indicate insignificant change in the orientation distribution of the intermolecular π-π stacking direction of P3HT/FTS with scCO2 processing. The improved mobilities are instead correlated with enhanced in-plane orientation of the conjugated chain backbone of P3HT after scCO2 annealing. These findings suggest a strong dependence of polymer processing on the nature of polymer/substrate interface and the important role of backbone orientation toward dictating charge transport of OTFTs.
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Jeong H, Shepard KB, Purdum GE, Guo Y, Loo YL, Arnold CB, Priestley RD. Additive Growth and Crystallization of Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhong Y, Trinh MT, Chen R, Purdum GE, Khlyabich PP, Sezen M, Oh S, Zhu H, Fowler B, Zhang B, Wang W, Nam CY, Sfeir MY, Black CT, Steigerwald ML, Loo YL, Ng F, Zhu XY, Nuckolls C. Molecular helices as electron acceptors in high-performance bulk heterojunction solar cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8242. [PMID: 26382113 PMCID: PMC4595599 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous organic semiconducting materials synthesized for organic photovoltaics in the past decade, fullerenes are widely used as electron acceptors in highly efficient bulk-heterojunction solar cells. None of the non-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells have achieved efficiencies as high as fullerene-based solar cells. Design principles for fullerene-free acceptors remain unclear in the field. Here we report examples of helical molecular semiconductors as electron acceptors that are on par with fullerene derivatives in efficient solar cells. We achieved an 8.3% power conversion efficiency in a solar cell, which is a record high for non-fullerene bulk heterojunctions. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed both electron and hole transfer processes at the donor-acceptor interfaces. Atomic force microscopy reveals a mesh-like network of acceptors with pores that are tens of nanometres in diameter for efficient exciton separation and charge transport. This study describes a new motif for designing highly efficient acceptors for organic solar cells.
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