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Psatha A, Al-Mahayri ZN, Mitropoulou C, Patrinos GP. Meta-analysis of genomic variants in power and endurance sports to decode the impact of genomics on athletic performance and success. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:47. [PMID: 38760851 PMCID: PMC11102131 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Association between genomic variants and athletic performance has seen a high degree of controversy, as there is often conflicting data as far as the association of genomic variants with endurance, speed and strength is concerned. Here, findings from a thorough meta-analysis from 4228 articles exploring the association of genomic variants with athletic performance in power and endurance sports are summarized, aiming to confirm or overrule the association of genetic variants with athletic performance of all types. From the 4228 articles, only 107 were eligible for further analysis, including 37 different genes. From these, there were 21 articles for the ACE gene, 29 articles for the ACTN3 gene and 8 articles for both the ACE and ACTN3 genes, including 54,382 subjects in total, from which 11,501 were endurance and power athletes and 42,881 control subjects. These data show that there is no statistically significant association between genomic variants and athletic performance either for endurance or power sports, underlying the fact that it is highly risky and even unethical to make such genetic testing services for athletic performance available to the general public. Overall, a strict regulatory monitoring should be exercised by health and other legislative authorities to protect the public from such services from an emerging discipline that still lacks the necessary scientific evidence and subsequent regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Psatha
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, University Campus, Rion, 265 04, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Christina Mitropoulou
- The Golden Helix Foundation, London, UK
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, University Campus, Rion, 265 04, Patras, Greece.
- Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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2
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Pisanu C, Congiu D, Meloni A, Paribello P, Patrinos GP, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Manchia M, Squassina A. Dissecting the genetic overlap between severe mental disorders and markers of cellular aging: Identification of pleiotropic genes and druggable targets. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1033-1041. [PMID: 38402365 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Patients with severe mental disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) show a substantial reduction in life expectancy, increased incidence of comorbid medical conditions commonly observed with advanced age and alterations of aging hallmarks. While severe mental disorders are heritable, the extent to which genetic predisposition might contribute to accelerated cellular aging is not known. We used bivariate causal mixture models to quantify the trait-specific and shared architecture of mental disorders and 2 aging hallmarks (leukocyte telomere length [LTL] and mitochondrial DNA copy number), and the conjunctional false discovery rate method to detect shared genetic loci. We integrated gene expression data from brain regions from GTEx and used different tools to functionally annotate identified loci and investigate their druggability. Aging hallmarks showed low polygenicity compared with severe mental disorders. We observed a significant negative global genetic correlation between MDD and LTL (rg = -0.14, p = 6.5E-10), and no significant results for other severe mental disorders or for mtDNA-cn. However, conditional QQ plots and bivariate causal mixture models pointed to significant pleiotropy among all severe mental disorders and aging hallmarks. We identified genetic variants significantly shared between LTL and BD (n = 17), SCZ (n = 55) or MDD (n = 19), or mtDNA-cn and BD (n = 4), SCZ (n = 12) or MDD (n = 1), with mixed direction of effects. The exonic rs7909129 variant in the SORCS3 gene, encoding a member of the retromer complex involved in protein trafficking and intracellular/intercellular signaling, was associated with shorter LTL and increased predisposition to all severe mental disorders. Genetic variants underlying risk of SCZ or MDD and shorter LTL modulate expression of several druggable genes in different brain regions. Genistein, a phytoestrogen with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, was an upstream regulator of 2 genes modulated by variants associated with risk of MDD and shorter LTL. While our results suggest that shared heritability might play a limited role in contributing to accelerated cellular aging in severe mental disorders, we identified shared genetic determinants and prioritized different druggable targets and compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Meloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paribello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Al-Suhail H, Omar M, Rubaeih M, Mubarak T, Koufaki MI, Kanaris I, Mounaged F, Patrinos GP, Saber-Ayad M. Do future healthcare professionals advocate for pharmacogenomics? A study on medical and health sciences undergraduate students. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1377420. [PMID: 38666022 PMCID: PMC11043592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is a rapidly changing field of genomics in which healthcare professionals play an important role in its implementation in the clinical setting, however PGx level of adoption remains low. This study aims to investigate the attitude, self-confidence, level of knowledge, and their impact on health sciences undergraduate students' intentions to adopt PGx in clinical practice using a questionnaire developed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A model was proposed and a questionnaire was developed that was distributed to 467 undergraduate students of all academic years from four different departments of the University of Sharjah (UoS) including medical, dental, nursing, and pharmacy students from September 2022 to November 2022. Descriptive statistics along with factor analysis and regression analysis were conducted. The proposed model had a good internal consistency and fit. Attitude was the factor with the greatest impact on student's intentions followed by self-confidence and barriers. The level of knowledge had a meaningless impact. The majority of students shared a positive attitude and were aware of PGx benefits. Almost 60% of the respondents showed a high level of knowledge, while 50% of them were confident of implementing PGx in their clinical practice. Many students were prone to adopt PGx in their future careers. PGx testing cost and the lack of reimbursement were the most important barriers. Overall, students shared a positive intention and were prone to adopt PGx. In the future, it would be important to investigate the differences between gender, year of studies, and area of studies studies and their impact on students' intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Suhail
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Omar
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Majd Rubaeih
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tamer Mubarak
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Margarita-Ioanna Koufaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kanaris
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Favio Mounaged
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Vasileiou KZ, Patrinos GP. How Can We Boost the Pharmacogenomics Adoption Rate in Clinical Practice Around the World? OMICS 2024; 28:204-205. [PMID: 38579137 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2024.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Z Vasileiou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Ferous S, Siafakas N, Boufidou F, Patrinos GP, Tsakris A, Anastassopoulou C. Investigating ABO Blood Groups and Secretor Status in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Severity. J Pers Med 2024; 14:346. [PMID: 38672973 PMCID: PMC11051264 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ABO blood groups, Lewis antigens, and secretor systems are important components of transfusion medicine. These interconnected systems have been also shown to be associated with differing susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, likely as the result of selection over the course of evolution and the constant tug of war between humans and infectious microbes. This comprehensive narrative review aimed to explore the literature and to present the current state of knowledge on reported associations of the ABO, Lewis, and secretor blood groups with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Our main finding was that the A blood group may be associated with increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and possibly also with increased disease severity and overall mortality. The proposed pathophysiological pathways explaining this potential association include antibody-mediated mechanisms and increased thrombotic risk amongst blood group A individuals, in addition to altered inflammatory cytokine expression profiles. Preliminary evidence does not support the association between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 vaccine response, or the risk of developing long COVID. Even though the emergency state of the pandemic is over, further research is needed especially in this area since tens of millions of people worldwide suffer from lingering COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Ferous
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Siafakas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Attikon General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Fotini Boufidou
- Neurochemistry and Biological Markers Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Cleo Anastassopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.F.); (A.T.)
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Skokou M, Karamperis K, Koufaki MI, Tsermpini EE, Pandi MT, Siamoglou S, Ferentinos P, Bartsakoulia M, Katsila T, Mitropoulou C, Patrinos GP. Clinical implementation of preemptive pharmacogenomics in psychiatry. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105009. [PMID: 38364700 PMCID: PMC10879811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacogenomics (PGx) holds promise to revolutionize modern healthcare. Although there are several prospective clinical studies in oncology and cardiology, demonstrating a beneficial effect of PGx-guided treatment in reducing adverse drug reactions, there are very few such studies in psychiatry, none of which spans across all main psychiatric indications, namely schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. In this study we aim to investigate the clinical effectiveness of PGx-guided treatment (occurrence of adverse drug reactions, hospitalisations and re-admissions, polypharmacy) and perform a cost analysis of the intervention. METHODS We report our findings from a multicenter, large-scale, prospective study of pre-emptive genome-guided treatment named as PREemptive Pharmacogenomic testing for preventing Adverse drug REactions (PREPARE) in a large cohort of psychiatric patients (n = 1076) suffering from schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. FINDINGS We show that patients with an actionable phenotype belonging to the PGx-guided arm (n = 25) present with 34.1% less adverse drug reactions compared to patients belonging to the control arm (n = 36), 41.2% less hospitalisations (n = 110 in the PGx-guided arm versus n = 187 in the control arm) and 40.5% less re-admissions (n = 19 in the PGx-guided arm versus n = 32 in the control arm), less duration of initial hospitalisations (n = 3305 total days of hospitalisation in the PGx-guided arm from 110 patients, versus n = 6517 in the control arm from 187 patients) and duration of hospitalisation upon readmission (n = 579 total days of hospitalisation upon readmission in the PGx-guided arm, derived from 19 patients, versus n = 928 in the control arm, from 32 patients respectively). It was also shown that in the vast majority of the cases, there was less drug dose administrated per drug in the PGx-guided arm compared to the control arm and less polypharmacy (n = 124 patients prescribed with at least 4 psychiatric drugs in the PGx-guided arm versus n = 143 in the control arm) and smaller average number of co-administered psychiatric drugs (2.19 in the PGx-guided arm versus 2.48 in the control arm. Furthermore, less deaths were reported in the PGx-guided arm (n = 1) compared with the control arm (n = 9). Most importantly, we observed a 48.5% reduction of treatment costs in the PGx-guided arm with a reciprocal slight increase of the quality of life of patients suffering from major depressive disorder (0.935 versus 0.925 QALYs in the PGx-guided and control arm, respectively). INTERPRETATION While only a small proportion (∼25%) of the entire study sample had an actionable genotype, PGx-guided treatment can have a beneficial effect in psychiatric patients with a reciprocal reduction of treatment costs. Although some of these findings did not remain significant when all patients were considered, our data indicate that genome-guided psychiatric treatment may be successfully integrated in mainstream healthcare. FUNDING European Union Horizon 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skokou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Patras General Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Kariofyllis Karamperis
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece; The Golden Helix Foundation, London, UK
| | - Margarita-Ioanna Koufaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece; The Golden Helix Foundation, London, UK
| | - Evangelia-Eirini Tsermpini
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria-Theodora Pandi
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stavroula Siamoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ferentinos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATIKON University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Bartsakoulia
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | | | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece; Erasmus University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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7
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Koromina M, Ravi A, Panagiotaropoulou G, Schilder BM, Humphrey J, Braun A, Bidgeli T, Chatzinakos C, Coombes B, Kim J, Liu X, Terao C, O.’Connell KS, Adams M, Adolfsson R, Alda M, Alfredsson L, Andlauer TFM, Andreassen OA, Antoniou A, Baune BT, Bengesser S, Biernacka J, Boehnke M, Bosch R, Cairns M, Carr VJ, Casas M, Catts S, Cichon S, Corvin A, Craddock N, Dafnas K, Dalkner N, Dannlowski U, Degenhardt F, Di Florio A, Dikeos D, Fellendorf FT, Ferentinos P, Forstner AJ, Forty L, Frye M, Fullerton JM, Gawlik M, Gizer IR, Gordon-Smith K, Green MJ, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Guzman-Parra J, Hahn T, Henskens F, Hillert J, Jablensky AV, Jones L, Jones I, Jonsson L, Kelsoe JR, Kircher T, Kirov G, Kittel-Schneider S, Kogevinas M, Landén M, Leboyer M, Lenger M, Lissowska J, Lochner C, Loughland C, MacIntyre D, Martin NG, Maratou E, Mathews CA, Mayoral F, McElroy SL, McGregor NW, McIntosh A, McQuillin A, Michie P, Milanova V, Mitchell PB, Moutsatsou P, Mowry B, Müller-Myhsok B, Myers R, Nenadić I, Nöthen MM, O’Donovan C, O’Donovan M, Ophoff RA, Owen MJ, Pantelis C, Pato C, Pato MT, Patrinos GP, Pawlak JM, Perlis RH, Porichi E, Posthuma D, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Reif A, Reininghaus EZ, Ribasés M, Rietschel M, Schall U, Schulze TG, Scott L, Scott RJ, Serretti A, Weickert CS, Smoller JW, Artigas MS, Stein DJ, Streit F, Toma C, Tooney P, Vieta E, Vincent JB, Waldman ID, Weickert T, Witt SH, Hong KS, Ikeda M, Iwata N, Świątkowska B, Won HH, Edenberg HJ, Ripke S, Raj T, Coleman JRI, Mullins N. Fine-mapping genomic loci refines bipolar disorder risk genes. medRxiv 2024:2024.02.12.24302716. [PMID: 38405768 PMCID: PMC10889003 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.24302716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. While the largest published genome-wide association study identified 64 BD risk loci, the causal SNPs and genes within these loci remain unknown. We applied a suite of statistical and functional fine-mapping methods to these loci, and prioritized 22 likely causal SNPs for BD. We mapped these SNPs to genes, and investigated their likely functional consequences by integrating variant annotations, brain cell-type epigenomic annotations, brain quantitative trait loci, and results from rare variant exome sequencing in BD. Convergent lines of evidence supported the roles of SCN2A, TRANK1, DCLK3, INSYN2B, SYNE1, THSD7A, CACNA1B, TUBBP5, PLCB3, PRDX5, KCNK4, AP001453.3, TRPT1, FKBP2, DNAJC4, RASGRP1, FURIN, FES, YWHAE, DPH1, GSDMB, MED24, THRA, EEF1A2, and KCNQ2 in BD. These represent promising candidates for functional experiments to understand biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Additionally, we demonstrated that fine-mapping effect sizes can improve performance and transferability of BD polygenic risk scores across ancestrally diverse populations, and present a high-throughput fine-mapping pipeline (https://github.com/mkoromina/SAFFARI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koromina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashvin Ravi
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Brian M. Schilder
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Brandon Coombes
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kevin S. O.’Connell
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå, University Medical Faculty, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Alda
- Department 20 of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Till F. M. Andlauer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anastasia Antoniou
- National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Susanne Bengesser
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Joanna Biernacka
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rosa Bosch
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Programa SJD MIND Escoles, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Vaughan J. Carr
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miquel Casas
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Programa SJD MIND Escoles, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Dept of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Craddock
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Konstantinos Dafnas
- National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translatiol Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Arianna Di Florio
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Caroli at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dimitris Dikeos
- National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Ferentinos
- National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Liz Forty
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janice M. Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Micha Gawlik
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ian R. Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Melissa J. Green
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - José Guzman-Parra
- Mental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translatiol Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lisa Jones
- Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Ian Jones
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lina Jonsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John R. Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - George Kirov
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Créteil, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Donald MacIntyre
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eirini Maratou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Carol A. Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fermin Mayoral
- Mental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Nathaniel W. McGregor
- Systems Genetics Working Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Vihra Milanova
- Psychiatric Clinic, Alexander University Hospital, Bulgaria
| | - Philip B. Mitchell
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paraskevi Moutsatsou
- National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Bryan Mowry
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Myers
- Hudsolpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claire O’Donovan
- Department 20 of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Michael O’Donovan
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Owen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Carlos Pato
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Michele T. Pato
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - George P. Patrinos
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece
- United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joanna M. Pawlak
- Department of Psychiatry, Departmet of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Roy H. Perlis
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evgenia Porichi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelo, Barcelo, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelo, Barcelo, Spain
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Z. Reininghaus
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Thomas G. Schulze
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Laura Scott
- Center for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Soler Artigas
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelo, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelo, Barcelo, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelo, Barcelo, Spain
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudio Toma
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Tooney
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John B. Vincent
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Weickert
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kyung Sue Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Towfique Raj
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan R. I. Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Niamh Mullins
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Khasawneh LQ, Alsafar H, Alblooshi H, Allam M, Patrinos GP, Ali BR. The diversity and clinical implications of genetic variants influencing clopidogrel bioactivation and response in the Emirati population. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:2. [PMID: 38173046 PMCID: PMC10765826 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clopidogrel is a widely prescribed prodrug that requires activation via specific pharmacogenes to exert its anti-platelet function. Genetic variations in the genes encoding its transporter, metabolizing enzymes, and target receptor lead to variability in its activation and platelet inhibition and, consequently, its efficacy. This variability increases the risk of secondary cardiovascular events, and therefore, some variations have been utilized as genetic biomarkers when prescribing clopidogrel. METHODS Our study examined clopidogrel-related genes (CYP2C19, ABCB1, PON1, and P2Y12R) in a cohort of 298 healthy Emiratis individuals. The study used whole exome sequencing (WES) data to comprehensively analyze pertinent variations of these genes, including their minor allele frequencies, haplotype distribution, and their resulting phenotypes. RESULTS Our data shows that approximately 37% (n = 119) of the cohort are likely to benefit from the use of alternative anti-platelet drugs due to their classification as intermediate or poor CYP2C19 metabolizers. Additionally, more than 50% of the studied cohort exhibited variants in ABCB1, PON1, and P2YR12 genes, potentially influencing clopidogrel's transport, enzymatic clearance, and receptor performance. CONCLUSIONS Recognizing these alleles and genotype frequencies may explain the clinical differences in medication response across different ethnicities and predict adverse events. Our findings underscore the need to consider genetic variations in prescribing clopidogrel, with potential implications for implementing personalized anti-platelet therapy among Emiratis based on their genetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Q Khasawneh
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hiba Alblooshi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mushal Allam
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Fragoulakis V, Koufaki MI, Tzerefou K, Koufou K, Patrinos GP, Mitropoulou C. Assessing the utility of measurement methods applied in economic evaluations of pharmacogenomics applications. Pharmacogenomics 2024; 25:79-95. [PMID: 38288576 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2023-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of economic evaluations are published annually investigating the economic effectiveness of pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing. This work was designed to provide a comprehensive summary of the available utility methods used in cost-effectiveness/cost-utility analysis studies of PGx interventions. A comprehensive review was conducted to identify economic analysis studies using a utility valuation method for PGx testing. A total of 82 studies met the inclusion criteria. A majority of studies were from the USA and used the EuroQol-5D questionnaire, as the utility valuation method. Cardiovascular disorders was the most studied therapeutic area while discrete-choice studies mainly focused on patients' willingness to undergo PGx testing. Future research in applying other methodologies in PGx economic evaluation studies would improve the current research environment and provide better results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarita-Ioanna Koufaki
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Korina Tzerefou
- University of Piraeus, Economics Department, 18534, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - George P Patrinos
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
- United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Genetics & Genomics, P.O. Box. 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, P.O. Box. 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Christina Mitropoulou
- The Golden Helix Foundation, London, SE1 8RT, UK
- United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, P.O. Box. 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Lagoumintzis G, Patrinos GP. Triangulating nutrigenomics, metabolomics and microbiomics toward personalized nutrition and healthy living. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:109. [PMID: 38062537 PMCID: PMC10704648 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique physiological and genetic characteristics of individuals influence their reactions to different dietary constituents and nutrients. This notion is the foundation of personalized nutrition. The field of nutrigenetics has witnessed significant progress in understanding the impact of genetic variants on macronutrient and micronutrient levels and the individual's responsiveness to dietary intake. These variants hold significant value in facilitating the development of personalized nutritional interventions, thereby enabling the effective translation from conventional dietary guidelines to genome-guided nutrition. Nevertheless, certain obstacles could impede the extensive implementation of individualized nutrition, which is still in its infancy, such as the polygenic nature of nutrition-related pathologies. Consequently, many disorders are susceptible to the collective influence of multiple genes and environmental interplay, wherein each gene exerts a moderate to modest effect. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that diseases emerge because of the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition and external environmental influences. In the context of this specific paradigm, the utilization of advanced "omic" technologies, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome analysis, in conjunction with comprehensive phenotyping, has the potential to unveil hitherto undisclosed hereditary elements and interactions between genes and the environment. This review aims to provide up-to-date information regarding the fundamentals of personalized nutrition, specifically emphasizing the complex triangulation interplay among microbiota, dietary metabolites, and genes. Furthermore, it highlights the intestinal microbiota's unique makeup, its influence on nutrigenomics, and the tailoring of dietary suggestions. Finally, this article provides an overview of genotyping versus microbiomics, focusing on investigating the potential applications of this knowledge in the context of tailored dietary plans that aim to improve human well-being and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Lagoumintzis
- Division of Pharmacology and Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
| | - George P Patrinos
- Division of Pharmacology and Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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11
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Harteveld CL, Patrinos GP, Traeger-Synodinos J, Kountouris P, Bento C, Adekile A. Submitting Novel Globin Gene Variants to Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin 2023; 47:135-136. [PMID: 37920883 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2023.2258618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis L Harteveld
- Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Joanne Traeger-Synodinos
- Department of Medical Genetics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Kountouris
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Celeste Bento
- Department of Hematology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adekunle Adekile
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University
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12
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Fragoulakis V, Roncato R, Bignucolo A, Patrinos GP, Toffoli G, Cecchin E, Mitropoulou C. Cost-utility analysis and cross-country comparison of pharmacogenomics-guided treatment in colorectal cancer patients participating in the U-PGx PREPARE study. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106949. [PMID: 37802427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A cost-utility analysis was conducted to evaluate pharmacogenomic (PGx)-guided treatment compared to the standard-of-care intervention among patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) in Italy. METHODS Data derived from a prospective, open-label, block randomized clinical trial, as a part of the largest PGx study worldwide (355 patients in both arms) were used. Mortality was used as the primary health outcome to estimate life years (LYs) gained in treatment arms within a survival analysis context. PGx-guided treatment was based on established drug-gene interactions between capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan with DPYD and/or UGT1A1 genomic variants. Utility values for the calculation of Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) was based on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. Missing data were imputed via the Multiple Imputation method and linear interpolation, when possible, while censored cost data were corrected via the Replace-From-The-Right algorithm. The Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) was calculated for QALYs. Raw data were bootstrapped 5000 times in order to produce 95% Confidence Intervals based on non-parametric percentile method and to construct a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve. Cost differences for study groups were investigated via a generalized linear regression model analysis. Total therapy cost per patient reflected all resources expended in the management of any adverse events, including medications, diagnostics tests, devices, surgeries, the utilization of intensive care units, and wards. RESULTS The total cost of the study arm was estimated at €380 (∼ US$416; 95%CI: 195-596) compared to €565 (∼ US$655; 95%CI: 340-724) of control arm while the mean survival in study arm was estimated at 1.58 (+0.25) LYs vs 1.50 (+0.26) (Log Rank test, X2 = 4.219, df=1, p-value=0.04). No statistically significant difference was found in QALYs. ICER was estimated at €13418 (∼ US$14695) per QALY, while the acceptability curve indicated that when the willingness-to-pay was under €5000 (∼ US$5476), the probability of PGx being cost-effective overcame 70%. The most frequent adverse drug event in both groups was neutropenia of severity grade 3 and 4, accounting for 82.6% of total events in the study arm and 65.0% in the control arm. Apart from study arm, smoking status, Body-Mass-Index and Cumulative Actionability were also significant predictors of total cost. Subgroup analysis conducted in actionable patients (7.9% of total patients) indicated that PGx-guided treatment was a dominant option over its comparator with a probability greater than 92%. In addition, a critical literature review was conducted, and these findings are in line with those reported in other European countries. CONCLUSION PGx-guided treatment strategy may represent a cost-saving option compared to the existing conventional therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer patient management in the National Health Service of Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece; Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Erika Cecchin
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Aviano, Italy
| | - Christina Mitropoulou
- The Golden Helix Foundation, London, UK; Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Patrinos GP, Sarhangi N, Sarrami B, Khodayari N, Larijani B, Hasanzad M. Using ChatGPT to predict the future of personalized medicine. Pharmacogenomics J 2023; 23:178-184. [PMID: 37726551 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-023-00316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Personalized medicine is a novel frontier in health care that is based on each person's unique genetic makeup. It represents an exciting opportunity to improve the future of individualized health care for all individuals. Pharmacogenomics, as the main part of personalized medicine, aims to optimize and create a more targeted treatment approach based on genetic variations in drug response. It is predicted that future treatments will be algorithm-based instead of evidence-based that will consider a patient's genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenetic, and lifestyle factors resulting in individualized medication. A generative pretrained transformer (GPT) is an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that generates language resembling human-like writing enabling users to engage in a manner that is practically identical to speaking with a human being. GPT's predictive algorithms can respond to questions that have never been addressed. Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) is an AI chatbot's advanced with conversational capabilities. In the present study, questions were asked from ChatGPT about the future of personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics. ChatGPT predicted both to be a promising approach with a bright future that holds great promises in improving patient outcomes and transforming the field of medicine. But it still has several limitations that need to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Negar Sarhangi
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Sarrami
- Missouri Pharmacogenomics Consulting, St. Mo, 63011, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nazli Khodayari
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610-0225, FL, USA
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran.
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 193951459, Tehran, Iran.
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Koufaki MI, Makrygianni D, Patrinos GP, Vasileiou KZ. How Do Pharmacy Students Make Career Choices in Genomics? Gender and Other Key Determinants of Pharmacy Senior Students' Intentions to Pursue Postgraduate Training in Pharmacogenomics. OMICS 2023; 27:474-482. [PMID: 37861714 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacists play a pivotal role in pharmacogenomic (PGx) implementation in clinical practice, and their university education is considered a strong driver in holding favorable intentions toward PGx adoption. Using a survey developed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study aimed to evaluate the determinants of senior pharmacy students' intentions to pursue postgraduate training in PGx and personalized medicine (PM), and with an eye to propose interventions to inform pharmacy students' career choices in the field. Students manifested considerably favorable attitudes toward PGx clinical practice and had acquired a relatively satisfactory level of knowledge. However, they conceded of having a hardly moderate level of confidence in PGx clinical application, and claimed to be moderately satisfied with their PGx training. Interestingly, students alleged to have a relatively limited interest to pursue postgraduate training studies in PGx and PM. Gender was a key and significant demographic moderator of the students' intentions to pursue postgraduate training in PGx and PM. We found that the students' attitudes exerted a strong positive impact on intentions for future PGx training, while self-confidence and training satisfaction had a moderate positive effect, respectively. We propose a set of key interventions that include, inter alia, the update of existing pharmacy curricula and the promotion of interdisciplinary collaborations with other health professionals, to reinforce the pharmacists' role in PM and PGx implementation in clinical practice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using the TPB to identify the role of certain factors such as gender, attitudes, self-confidence, and training satisfaction on the final-year pharmacy undergraduate students' intentions to pursue PGx-related postgraduate studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita-Ioanna Koufaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Makrygianni
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Konstantinos Z Vasileiou
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
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Goudoudaki S, Kambouris ME, Manoussopoulou M, Patrinos GP, Velegraki A, Manoussopoulos Y. Fast and Sustainable Thermo-osmotic DNA Extraction Protocol for Trans-spectrum Contingency and Field Use. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4796. [PMID: 37719074 PMCID: PMC10501911 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of molecular genetics, DNA extraction protocols and kits are sample-specific and proprietary, preventing lateral distribution among similar facilities from different sectors to alleviate supply shortages during a crisis. Expanding upon previous fast extraction protocols such as alkaline- and detergent-based ones, the use of boiling-hot water to rupture cells, virions, and nuclei, as proposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, might alleviate shortages and costs. Different soft, relatively abundant (highly enriched), and uncomplicated (genomically homogenous and with few inhibitors) biosamples are collected in 1.5 mL tubes, mixed with boiling-hot water, and stirred vigorously, so as to have membranes lysed and proteins deactivated; mechanical disruption may be used as well if necessary. Incubation in boiling water bath for 20-30 min follows. Depending on sample type and quantity, which affects the total extraction volume, 2-5 μL are pipetted off for direct PCR and the same volume for two decimal serial dilutions. The latter are intended to optimize the crude extract to a workable DNA/inhibitor concentration balance for direct PCR. Uncomplicated, highly enriched samples such as mycelial growth in fruits and human swab samples can be processed, contrary to complicated samples such as blood and physically unyielding samples such as plant tissue. The extract can be used for immediate PCR in both benchtop and portable thermocyclers, thus allowing nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) being performed in resource-limited settings with low cost and waste footprint or during prolonged crises, where supply chain failures may occur. Key features DNA extraction from different sample types using only boiling water and occasional mechanical assistance. Crude extract serially diluted twice, 10- and 100-fold, to bypass purification and quantification steps. Direct PCR for 2-10 μL of crude lysate and dilutions (conditional to sample type and quantity) to enhance probability of workable DNA-inhibitors' concentrations. Lowers the cost and curtails the overall footprint of testing to increase sustainability in field operations and in standard lab environments under supply chain derailment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marianna Manoussopoulou
- Plant Protection Division of Patras, ELGO-Demeter,
Patras, Greece
- Department of Agronomics, Food, Natural Resources,
Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras,
Greece
- Department of Genetics and Genomics & Zayed
Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi,
United Arab Emirates
| | - Aristea Velegraki
- Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ramaraj R, Al-Mahayri ZN, Saleous R, Abdel Aziz K, Al-Mugaddam F, Al-Sabousi M, Alhassani A, Ahbabi NAA, Stip E, Patrinos GP, Ali BR, Arnone D. The Utility of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Variants to Guide Pharmacological Treatment in Complex Unipolar Major Depression: A Pilot Longitudinal Study. Psychiatr Q 2023; 94:435-447. [PMID: 37490261 PMCID: PMC10460303 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is a frequent condition which variably responds to treatment. In view of its high prevalence, the presence of treatment resistance in major depression significantly impacts on quality of life. Tailoring pharmacological treatment based on genetic polymorphisms is a current trend to personalizing pharmacological treatment in patients with major depressive disorders. Current guidelines for the use of genetic tests in major depression issued by the Clinical Pharmacogenomics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) are based on CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms which constitute the strongest evidence for pharmacogenomic guided treatment. There is evidence of increased clinical response to pharmacological treatment in major depression although largely in non-treatment resistant patients from Western countries. In this study, well characterised participants (N = 15) with complex, largely treatment resistant unipolar major depression were investigated, and clinical improvement was measured at baseline and at week-8 after the pharmacogenomics-guided treatment with the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MÅDRS). Results suggested a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.01) of 16% at endpoint in the whole group and a larger effect in case of changes in medication regime (28%, p = 0.004). This small but appreciable effect can be understood in the context of the level of treatment resistance in the group. To our knowledge, this is the first study from the Middle East demonstrating the feasibility of this approach in the treatment of complex major depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Ramaraj
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zeina N Al-Mahayri
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reema Saleous
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karim Abdel Aziz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fadwa Al-Mugaddam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mouza Al-Sabousi
- Behavioural Science Institute, Al-Ain Hospital, United Arab Emirates Al Ain, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha Alhassani
- Behavioural Science Institute, Al-Ain Hospital, United Arab Emirates Al Ain, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noura Ali Al Ahbabi
- Behavioural Science Institute, Al-Ain Hospital, United Arab Emirates Al Ain, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emmanuel Stip
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Université de Montréal, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danilo Arnone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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17
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Tafazoli A, Abbaszadegan MR, Patrinos GP. Editorial: Integration of computational genomics into clinical pharmacogenomic tests: how bioinformatics may help primary care in precision medicine area. Front Genet 2023; 14:1261876. [PMID: 37600661 PMCID: PMC10436194 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1261876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tafazoli
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Rahma AT, Ali BR, Patrinos GP, Ahmed LA, Elbarazi I, Abdullahi AS, Elsheik M, Abbas M, Afandi F, Alnaqbi A, Al Maskari F. Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the multi-ethnic population of the United Arab Emirates on genomic medicine and genetic testing. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:63. [PMID: 37454085 PMCID: PMC10349494 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The adoption and implementation of genomic medicine and pharmacogenomics (PGx) in healthcare systems have been very slow and limited worldwide. Major barriers to knowledge translation into clinical practice lie in the level of literacy of the public of genetics and genomics. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) multi-ethnic communities toward genomic medicine and genetic testing. METHOD A cross-sectional study using validated questionnaires was distributed to the participants. Descriptive statistics were performed, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with knowledge of genomics. RESULTS 757 individuals completed the survey. Only 7% of the participants had a good knowledge level in genetics and genomics (95% CI 5.3-9.0%). However, 76.9% of the participants were willing to take a genetic test if their relatives had a genetic disease. In addition, the majority indicated that they would disclose their genetic test results to their spouses (61.5%) and siblings (53.4%). CONCLUSIONS This study sets the stage for the stakeholders to plan health promotion and educational campaigns to improve the genomic literacy of the community of the UAE as part of their efforts for implementing precision and personalized medicine in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar T Rahma
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Luai A Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Aminu S Abdullahi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Mahanna Elsheik
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maram Abbas
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, UAE
| | - Farah Afandi
- USF Biotechnology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Aisha Alnaqbi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Fatma Al Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Tafazoli A, Mikros J, Khaghani F, Alimardani M, Rafigh M, Hemmati M, Siamoglou S, Golińska AK, Kamiński KA, Niemira M, Miltyk W, Patrinos GP. Pharmacovariome scanning using whole pharmacogene resequencing coupled with deep computational analysis and machine learning for clinical pharmacogenomics. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:62. [PMID: 37452347 PMCID: PMC10347842 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This pilot study aims to identify and functionally assess pharmacovariants in whole exome sequencing data. While detection of known variants has benefited from pharmacogenomic-dedicated bioinformatics tools before, in this paper we have tested novel deep computational analysis in addition to artificial intelligence as possible approaches for functional analysis of unknown markers within less studied drug-related genes. METHODS Pharmacovariants from 1800 drug-related genes from 100 WES data files underwent (a) deep computational analysis by eight bioinformatic algorithms (overall containing 23 tools) and (b) random forest (RF) classifier as the machine learning (ML) approach separately. ML model efficiency was calculated by internal and external cross-validation during recursive feature elimination. Protein modelling was also performed for predicted highly damaging variants with lower frequencies. Genotype-phenotype correlations were implemented for top selected variants in terms of highest possibility of being damaging. RESULTS Five deleterious pharmacovariants in the RYR1, POLG, ANXA11, CCNH, and CDH23 genes identified in step (a) and subsequent analysis displayed high impact on drug-related phenotypes. Also, the utilization of recursive feature elimination achieved a subset of 175 malfunction pharmacovariants in 135 drug-related genes that were used by the RF model with fivefold internal cross-validation, resulting in an area under the curve of 0.9736842 with an average accuracy of 0.9818 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.99) on predicting whether a carrying individuals will develop adverse drug reactions or not. However, the external cross-validation of the same model indicated a possible false positive result when dealing with a low number of observations, as only 60 important variants in 49 genes were displayed, giving an AUC of 0.5384848 with an average accuracy of 0.9512 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.99). CONCLUSION While there are some technologies for functionally assess not-interpreted pharmacovariants, there is still an essential need for the development of tools, methods, and algorithms which are able to provide a functional prediction for every single pharmacovariant in both large-scale datasets and small cohorts. Our approaches may bring new insights for choosing the right computational assessment algorithms out of high throughput DNA sequencing data from small cohorts to be used for personalized drug therapy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tafazoli
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy With the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - John Mikros
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Faeze Khaghani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maliheh Alimardani
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Rafigh
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Hemmati
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stavroula Siamoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Karol A Kamiński
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Niemira
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy With the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Białystok, Poland.
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Kambouris ME, Patrinos GP, Velegraki A, Manoussopoulos Y. Historical microbiology: researching past bioevents by integrating scholarship (re)sources with paleomicrobiology assets. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:681-693. [PMID: 37584528 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of past epidemics and pandemics, either spontaneous or of human origin, may revise the physical history of microbiota and create a temporal context in our understanding regarding pathogen attributes like virulence, evolution, transmission and disease dynamics. The data of high-tech scientific methods seem reliable, but their interpretation may still be biased when tackling events of the distant past. Such endeavors should be adjusted to other cognitive resources including historical accounts reporting the events of interest and references in alien medical cultures and terminologies; the latter may contextualize them differently from current practices. Thus 'historical microbiology' emerges. Validating such resources requires utmost care, as these may be susceptible to different biases regarding the interpretation of facts and phenomena; biases partly due to methodological limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio Patras, 26504, Greece
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences & Zayed Center of Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Yiannis Manoussopoulos
- Plant Protection Division of Patras, Institute of Industrial & Forage Plants, NEO & Amerikis, Patras, 26004, Greece
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21
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Papachristos A, Patel J, Vasileiou M, Patrinos GP. Dose Optimization in Oncology Drug Development: The Emerging Role of Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3233. [PMID: 37370844 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs' safety and effectiveness are evaluated in randomized, dose-ranging trials in most therapeutic areas. However, this is only sometimes feasible in oncology, and dose-ranging studies are mainly limited to Phase 1 clinical trials. Moreover, although new treatment modalities (e.g., small molecule targeted therapies, biologics, and antibody-drug conjugates) present different characteristics compared to cytotoxic agents (e.g., target saturation limits, wider therapeutic index, fewer off-target side effects), in most cases, the design of Phase 1 studies and the dose selection is still based on the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) approach used for the development of cytotoxic agents. Therefore, the dose was not optimized in some cases and was modified post-marketing (e.g., ceritinib, dasatinib, niraparib, ponatinib, cabazitaxel, and gemtuzumab-ozogamicin). The FDA recognized the drawbacks of this approach and, in 2021, launched Project Optimus, which provides the framework and guidance for dose optimization during the clinical development stages of anticancer agents. Since dose optimization is crucial in clinical development, especially of targeted therapies, it is necessary to identify the role of pharmacological tools such as pharmacogenomics, therapeutic drug monitoring, and pharmacodynamics, which could be integrated into all phases of drug development and support dose optimization, as well as the chances of positive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jai Patel
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Maria Vasileiou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Koufaki MI, Fragoulakis V, Díaz-Villamarín X, Karamperis K, Vozikis A, Swen JJ, Dávila-Fajardo CL, Vasileiou KZ, Patrinos GP, Mitropoulou C. Economic evaluation of pharmacogenomic-guided antiplatelet treatment in Spanish patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome participating in the U-PGx PREPARE study. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:51. [PMID: 37287029 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases and especially Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) constitute a major health issue impacting millions of patients worldwide. Being a leading cause of death and hospital admissions in many European countries including Spain, it accounts for enormous amounts of healthcare expenditures for its management. Clopidogrel is one of the oldest antiplatelet medications used as standard of care in ACS. METHODS In this study, we performed an economic evaluation study to estimate whether a genome-guided clopidogrel treatment is cost-effective compared to conventional one in a large cohort of 243 individuals of Spanish origin suffering from ACS and treated with clopidogrel. Data were derived from the U-PGx PREPARE clinical trial. Effectiveness was measured as survival of individuals while study data on safety and efficacy, as well as on resource utilization associated with each adverse drug reaction were used to measure costs to treat these adverse drug reactions. A generalized linear regression model was used to estimate cost differences for both study groups. RESULTS Based on our findings, PGx-guided treatment group is cost-effective. PGx-guided treatment demonstrated to have 50% less hospital admissions, reduced emergency visits and almost 13% less ADRs compared to the non-PGx approach with mean QALY 1.07 (95% CI, 1.04-1.10) versus 1.06 (95% CI, 1.03-1.09) for the control group, while life years for both groups were 1.24 (95% CI, 1.20-1.26) and 1.23 (95% CI, 1.19-1.26), respectively. The mean total cost of PGx-guided treatment was 50% less expensive than conventional therapy with clopidogrel [€883 (95% UI, €316-€1582), compared to €1,755 (95% UI, €765-€2949)]. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PGx-guided clopidogrel treatment represents a cost-effective option for patients suffering from ACS in the Spanish healthcare setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita-Ioanna Koufaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasileios Fragoulakis
- The Golden Helix Foundation, 91 Waterloo Road, Capital Tower 6th Floor, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Kariofyllis Karamperis
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
- The Golden Helix Foundation, 91 Waterloo Road, Capital Tower 6th Floor, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Athanassios Vozikis
- Laboratory of Health Economics and Management (LabHEM), Economics Department, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Jesse J Swen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina L Dávila-Fajardo
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Z Vasileiou
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Christina Mitropoulou
- The Golden Helix Foundation, 91 Waterloo Road, Capital Tower 6th Floor, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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23
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Siamoglou S, Boers R, Koromina M, Boers J, Tsironi A, Chatzilygeroudi T, Lazaris V, Verigou E, Kourakli A, van IJcken WFJ, Gribnau J, Symeonidis A, Patrinos GP. Genome-wide analysis toward the epigenetic aetiology of myelodysplastic syndrome disease progression and pharmacoepigenomic basis of hypomethylating agents drug treatment response. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:37. [PMID: 37098643 PMCID: PMC10127336 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) consist of a group of hematological malignancies characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytogenetic abnormalities, and often a high risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). So far, there have been only a very limited number of studies assessing the epigenetics component contributing to the pathophysiology of these disorders, but not a single study assessing this at a genome-wide level. Here, we implemented a generic high throughput epigenomics approach, using methylated DNA sequencing (MeD-seq) of LpnPI digested fragments to identify potential epigenomic targets associated with MDS subtypes. Our results highlighted that PCDHG and ZNF gene families harbor potential epigenomic targets, which have been shown to be differentially methylated in a variety of comparisons between different MDS subtypes. Specifically, CpG islands, transcription start sites and post-transcriptional start sites within ZNF124, ZNF497 and PCDHG family are differentially methylated with fold change above 3,5. Overall, these findings highlight important aspects of the epigenomic component of MDS syndromes pathogenesis and the pharmacoepigenomic basis to the hypomethylating agents drug treatment response, while this generic high throughput whole epigenome sequencing approach could be readily implemented to other genetic diseases with a strong epigenetic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Siamoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, University Campus, 265 04, Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Ruben Boers
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Koromina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, University Campus, 265 04, Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Joachim Boers
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Tsironi
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, University Campus, 265 04, Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Theodora Chatzilygeroudi
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasileios Lazaris
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Evgenia Verigou
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Alexandra Kourakli
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, University Campus, 265 04, Rion, Patras, Greece.
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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24
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van Schaik RH, Manolopoulos VG, Daly AK, Niemi M, Zukic B, Patrinos GP, Primorac D, Swen JJ, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Morris T, Molden E, Müller D, Pavlovic S, Russmann S, Ansari M, Henricks LM, den Broek WV, Florindi F, Bozina N, Akin D, Christrup L, Llerena A, Sipeky C, Stankovic S. The Sixth European Society of Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Therapy Congress (Belgrade, 8-9 November 2022). Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:243-246. [PMID: 37014361 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2023-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
On 8-9 November 2022, the European Society of Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Therapy organized its sixth biennial congress, in Belgrade, Serbia (congress website: www.sspt.rs). The congress aimed to address the current status and future perspectives of pharmacogenomics, share latest knowledge in the field of precision medicine and showcase the implementation of clinical applications in pharmacogenomics/pharmacogenetics. The 2 day congress consisted of 17 lectures given by key-opinion leaders and included a poster session plus discussions. The meeting was a great success by generating an informal environment and enabling the exchange of information between 162 participants from 16 different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Hn van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ann K Daly
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Branka Zukic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics & Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics & Individualised Therapy, University of Patras, Department of Pharmacy, Patras, Greece
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Jesse J Swen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tiffany Morris
- Precision Health & Pharmacogenomics, Illumina, Cambridge, UK
| | - Espen Molden
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics & Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Russmann
- ETH Zürich, Hirslanden Hospitals & drugsafety.ch, Switzerland
| | - Marc Ansari
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology & Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology & Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Linda M Henricks
- Division of Pediatric Oncology & Hematology, Department of Women, Child & Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wout van den Broek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nada Bozina
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Demet Akin
- Department of Pharmacology, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Lona Christrup
- Department of Drug Design & Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adrian Llerena
- INUBE Biosanitary University Research Institute, University of Extramedura, Spain
| | - Cilla Sipeky
- Department of Translational Medicine, UCB Biopharma, Waterloo, Belgium
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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25
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Patrinos GP, Quinones LA, Sukasem C. Editorial: Pharmacogenomics and ethnicity: Prevalence and clinical significance of pharmacogenomic biomarkers in indigenous and other populations. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1180487. [PMID: 37063283 PMCID: PMC10090656 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1180487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George P. Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: George P. Patrinos,
| | - Luis Abel Quinones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine Clinic, Bumrungrad Genomic Medicine Institute (BGMI), Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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26
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Makrygianni D, Koufaki MI, Patrinos GP, Vasileiou KZ. Pharmacy students' attitudes and intentions of pursuing postgraduate studies and training in pharmacogenomics and personalised medicine. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:27. [PMID: 36959668 PMCID: PMC10035981 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacists' contribution to pharmacogenomics (PGx) implementation in clinical practice is vital, but a great proportion of them are not aware of PGx and its applications. This highlights the university education's crucial role to prepare pharmacists to face future challenges in such a constantly evolving and demanding environment. OBJECTIVES Our study aims to examine pharmacy students' training satisfaction, knowledge, self-confidence and attitudes towards PGx on their intentions for postgraduate training in PGx and personalised medicine (PM). METHODS An initial model on students' intention to pursue postgraduate training in PGx and PM and its predicting factors, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), was proposed. Based on it, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to 346 pharmacy students of all study years, capturing the selected factors influencing students' intentions to postgraduate training in PGx and PM, as well as their demographics. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was employed to determine the effects of both the examined factors and demographics on students' intentions. RESULTS Students did not consider themselves adequately prepared for using PGx in clinical practice. Their attitudes towards PGx implementation were the most important factor influencing their intentions to pursue postgraduate training in PGx and PM. Other factors such as self-confidence and training satisfaction also affected students' intentions, but to a lower extent. Students of the last two study years (40% of the whole sample) and male (36%) students stated to be less willing to pursue PGx-related studies in the future. Only 10% of the participants claimed to have undergone a recent PGx or genetic test, but this did not affect their intentions. CONCLUSION There is an important gap in pharmacy school curriculum regarding PGx and PM training which coupled with the slow rate of PGx and PM implementation into clinical practice seems to restrain students' aspiration to further expand their knowledge and horizons in terms of PGx and PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Makrygianni
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, University Campus, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Margarita-Ioanna Koufaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, University Campus, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, University Campus, 26504, Patras, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Konstantinos Z Vasileiou
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, University Campus, 26504, Patras, Greece.
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27
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Goudoudaki S, Kambouris ME, Siamoglou S, Gioula G, Kantzanou M, Manoussopoulou M, Patrinos GP, Manoussopoulos Y. Can Water-Only DNA Extraction Reduce the Logistical Footprint of Biosurveillance and Planetary Health Diagnostics? Toward a New Method. OMICS 2023; 27:116-126. [PMID: 36809194 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised the stakes for planetary health diagnostics. Because pandemics pose enormous burdens on biosurveillance and diagnostics, reduction of the logistical burdens of pandemics and ecological crises is essential. Moreover, the disruptive effects of catastrophic bioevents impact the supply chains in both highly populated urban centers and rural communities. One "upstream" focus of methodological innovation in biosurveillance is the footprint of Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT)-based assays. We report in this study a water-only DNA extraction, as an initial step in developing future protocols that may require few expendables, and with low environmental footprints, in terms of wet and solid laboratory waste. In the present work, boiling-hot distilled water was used as the main cell lysis agent for direct polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) on crude extracts. After evaluation (1) in blood and mouth swabs for human biomarker genotyping, and (2) in mouth swabs and plant tissue for generic bacterial or fungal detection, and using different combinations of extraction volume, mechanical assistance, and extract dilution, we found the method to be applicable in low-complexity samples, but not in high-complexity ones such as blood and plant tissue. In conclusion, this study examined the doability of a lean approach for template extraction in the case of NAAT-based diagnostics. Testing our approach with different biosamples, PCR settings, and instruments, including portable ones for COVID-19 or dispersed applications, warrant further research. Minimal resources analysis is a concept and practice, vital and timely for biosurveillance, integrative biology, and planetary health in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manousos E Kambouris
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavroula Siamoglou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgia Gioula
- Microbiology Department, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Kantzanou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Manoussopoulou
- ELGO-Demeter, Plant Protection Division of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Department of Agronomics, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, and Zayed Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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28
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Swen JJ, van der Wouden CH, Manson LE, Abdullah-Koolmees H, Blagec K, Blagus T, Böhringer S, Cambon-Thomsen A, Cecchin E, Cheung KC, Deneer VH, Dupui M, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Jonsson S, Joefield-Roka C, Just KS, Karlsson MO, Konta L, Koopmann R, Kriek M, Lehr T, Mitropoulou C, Rial-Sebbag E, Rollinson V, Roncato R, Samwald M, Schaeffeler E, Skokou M, Schwab M, Steinberger D, Stingl JC, Tremmel R, Turner RM, van Rhenen MH, Dávila Fajardo CL, Dolžan V, Patrinos GP, Pirmohamed M, Sunder-Plassmann G, Toffoli G, Guchelaar HJ. A 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel to prevent adverse drug reactions: an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised crossover implementation study. Lancet 2023; 401:347-356. [PMID: 36739136 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefit of pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy has been well documented for several single gene-drug combinations. However, the clinical utility of a pre-emptive genotyping strategy using a pharmacogenetic panel has not been rigorously assessed. METHODS We conducted an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised, crossover implementation study of a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel in 18 hospitals, nine community health centres, and 28 community pharmacies in seven European countries (Austria, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, and the UK). Patients aged 18 years or older receiving a first prescription for a drug clinically recommended in the guidelines of the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (ie, the index drug) as part of routine care were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included previous genetic testing for a gene relevant to the index drug, a planned duration of treatment of less than 7 consecutive days, and severe renal or liver insufficiency. All patients gave written informed consent before taking part in the study. Participants were genotyped for 50 germline variants in 12 genes, and those with an actionable variant (ie, a drug-gene interaction test result for which the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group [DPWG] recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) were treated according to DPWG recommendations. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. To prepare clinicians for pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing, local teams were educated during a site-initiation visit and online educational material was made available. The primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions within the 12-week follow-up period. Analyses were irrespective of patient adherence to the DPWG guidelines. The primary analysis was done using a gatekeeping analysis, in which outcomes in people with an actionable drug-gene interaction in the study group versus the control group were compared, and only if the difference was statistically significant was an analysis done that included all of the patients in the study. Outcomes were compared between the study and control groups, both for patients with an actionable drug-gene interaction test result (ie, a result for which the DPWG recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) and for all patients who received at least one dose of index drug. The safety analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of a study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03093818 and is closed to new participants. FINDINGS Between March 7, 2017, and June 30, 2020, 41 696 patients were assessed for eligibility and 6944 (51·4 % female, 48·6% male; 97·7% self-reported European, Mediterranean, or Middle Eastern ethnicity) were enrolled and assigned to receive genotype-guided drug treatment (n=3342) or standard care (n=3602). 99 patients (52 [1·6%] of the study group and 47 [1·3%] of the control group) withdrew consent after group assignment. 652 participants (367 [11·0%] in the study group and 285 [7·9%] in the control group) were lost to follow-up. In patients with an actionable test result for the index drug (n=1558), a clinically relevant adverse drug reaction occurred in 152 (21·0%) of 725 patients in the study group and 231 (27·7%) of 833 patients in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0·70 [95% CI 0·54-0·91]; p=0·0075), whereas for all patients, the incidence was 628 (21·5%) of 2923 patients in the study group and 934 (28·6%) of 3270 patients in the control group (OR 0·70 [95% CI 0·61-0·79]; p <0·0001). INTERPRETATION Genotype-guided treatment using a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel significantly reduced the incidence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions and was feasible across diverse European health-care system organisations and settings. Large-scale implementation could help to make drug therapy increasingly safe. FUNDING European Union Horizon 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Swen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Lisanne En Manson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Heshu Abdullah-Koolmees
- Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Hospital Pharmacy, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Blagec
- Centre for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Blagus
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Böhringer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne Cambon-Thomsen
- CNRS, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in Population health (CERPOP), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Ka-Chun Cheung
- Medicines Information Centre, Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association (KNMP), The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Vera Hm Deneer
- Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Hospital Pharmacy, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Dupui
- Service de pharmacologie médicale et clinique, CEIP-addictovigilance de Toulouse, faculté de médecine, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Siv Jonsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Candace Joefield-Roka
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja S Just
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Lidija Konta
- Bio.logis Digital Health, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rudolf Koopmann
- Bio.logis Digital Health, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Diagnosticum Centre for Humangenetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marjolein Kriek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Lehr
- Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christina Mitropoulou
- The Golden Helix Foundation, London, UK; Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Victoria Rollinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Matthias Samwald
- Centre for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; iFIT Cluster of Excellence (EXC2180)-Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maria Skokou
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Biosciences, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualised Therapy, Patras, Greece
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; iFIT Cluster of Excellence (EXC2180)-Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Steinberger
- Bio.logis Digital Health, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Diagnosticum Centre for Humangenetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia C Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Tremmel
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Richard M Turner
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mandy H van Rhenen
- Medicines Information Centre, Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association (KNMP), The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Cristina L Dávila Fajardo
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Biosciences, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualised Therapy, Patras, Greece; Erasmus University Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology-Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gere Sunder-Plassmann
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
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Arnone D, Omar O, Arora T, Östlundh L, Ramaraj R, Javaid S, Govender RD, Ali BR, Patrinos GP, Young AH, Stip E. Effectiveness of pharmacogenomic tests including CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genomic variants for guiding the treatment of depressive disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104965. [PMID: 36463971 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorders are prevalent conditions with limited treatment response and remission. Pharmacogenomics tests including CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genomic variants provide the most reliable actionable approach to guide choice and dosing of antidepressants in major depression to improve outcomes. We carried out a meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses of randomised controlled trials evaluating pharmacogenomic tests with CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms in major depression. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines to search several electronic databases. Logarithmically transformed odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) for improvement, response and remission were calculated. A random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were subsequently carried out. Twelve randomised controlled trials were included. Pharmacogenomic tests in the treatment of depression were more effective than treatment as usual for improvement (OR:1.63, CI: 1.19-2.24), response (OR: 1.46; CI: 1.16-1.85) and remission (OR: 1.85; CI: 1.23-2.76) with no evidence of publication bias. Remission was less favourable in recent studies. The results are promising but cautious use of pharmacogenomics in major depression is advisable. PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42021261143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Arnone
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Omar Omar
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Arora
- Zayed University, College of Natural & Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Reshma Ramaraj
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Javaid
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Romona Devi Govender
- Department of Family Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Stip
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Université de Montreal, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Sessa F, Magdy T, Sukasem C, Patrinos GP. Editorial: Brief research reports in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics: 2022. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1172265. [PMID: 36937855 PMCID: PMC10020586 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1172265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sessa
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Tarek Magdy
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand.,Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, The Preventive Genomics & Family Check-up Services Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Miltyk W, Patrinos GP, Verstuyft C, Coenen M, Tafazoli A. Editorial: Translation and implementation of pharmacogenomic testing in daily clinical practice: Considering current challenges and future needs. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1053027. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1053027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Squassina A, Meloni A, Congiu D, Bosganas P, Patrinos GP, Lin R, Turecki G, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Pisanu C. Analysis on in vitro effect of lithium on telomere length in lymphoblastoid cell lines from bipolar disorder patients with different clinical response to long-term lithium treatment. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:45. [PMID: 36253798 PMCID: PMC9575289 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with clinical and biological features of accelerated aging. In our previous studies, we showed that long-term lithium treatment was correlated with longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in BD patients. A recent study explored the role of TL in BD using patients-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), showing that baseline TL was shorter in BD compared to controls and that lithium in vitro increased TL but only in BD. Here, we used the same cell system (LCLs) to explore if a 7-day treatment protocol with lithium chloride (LiCl) 1 mM was able to highlight differences in TL between BD patients clinically responders (Li-R; n = 15) or non-responders (Li-NR; n = 15) to lithium, and if BD differed from non-psychiatric controls (HC; n = 15).
Results There was no difference in TL between BD patients and HC. Moreover, LiCl did not influence TL in the overall sample, and there was no difference between diagnostic or clinical response groups. Likewise, LiCl did not affect TL in neural precursor cells from healthy donors. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a 7-day lithium treatment protocol and the use of LCLs might not represent a suitable approach to deepen our understanding on the role of altered telomere dynamics in BD as previously suggested by studies in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40246-022-00418-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Squassina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sp 8 Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, Mosnerrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Anna Meloni
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sp 8 Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, Mosnerrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sp 8 Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, Mosnerrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Bosganas
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Rixing Lin
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sp 8 Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, Mosnerrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sp 8 Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, Mosnerrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
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Reichardt JKV, Patrinos GP, Lai PS, Novelli G. J'Accuse….. Or The Plight of pro-bono Volunteer Scientists in Academic Publishing. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:44. [PMID: 36171619 PMCID: PMC9516807 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juergen K V Reichardt
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Al-Mahayri ZN, Khasawneh LQ, Alqasrawi MN, Altoum SM, Jamil G, Badawi S, Hamza D, George L, AlZaabi A, Ouda H, Al-Maskari F, AlKaabi J, Patrinos GP, Ali BR. Pharmacogenomics implementation in cardiovascular disease in a highly diverse population: initial findings and lessons learned from a pilot study in United Arab Emirates. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:42. [PMID: 36154845 PMCID: PMC9509637 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing has proved its utility and cost-effectiveness for some commonly prescribed cardiovascular disease (CVD) medications. In addition, PGx-guided dosing guidelines are now available for multiple CVD drugs, including clopidogrel, warfarin, and statins. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) population is diverse and multiethnic, with over 150 nationalities residing in the country. PGx-testing is not part of the standard of care in most global healthcare settings, including the UAE healthcare system. The first pharmacogenomic implementation clinical study in CVD has been approved recently, but multiple considerations needed evaluation before commencing. The current report appraises the PGx-clinical implementation procedure and the potential benefits of pursuing PGx-implementation initiatives in the UAE with global implications. Methods Patients prescribed one or more of the following drugs: clopidogrel, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and warfarin, were recruited. Genotyping selected genetic variants at genes interacting with the study drugs was performed by real-time PCR. Results For the current pilot study, 160 patients were recruited. The genotypes and inferred haplotypes, diplotypes, and predicted phenotypes revealed that 11.9% of the participants were poor CYP2C19 metabolizers, 35% intermediate metabolizers, 28.1% normal metabolizers, and 25% rapid or ultrarapid metabolizers. Notably, 46.9% of our cohort should receive a recommendation to avoid using clopidogrel or consider an alternative medication. Regarding warfarin, only 20% of the participants exhibited reference alleles at VKORC1-1639G > A, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C9*3, leaving 80% with alternative genotypes at any of the two genes that can be integrated into the warfarin dosing algorithms and can be used whenever the patient receives a warfarin prescription. For statins, 31.5% of patients carried at least one allele at the genotyped SLCO1B1 variant (rs4149056), increasing their risk of developing myopathy. 96% of our cohort received at least one PGx-generated clinical recommendation for the studied drugs. Conclusion The current pilot analysis verified the feasibility of PGx-testing and the unforeseen high frequencies of patients currently treated with suboptimal drug regimens, which may potentially benefit from PGx testing.
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Tsermpini EE, Kalogirou CI, Kyriakopoulos GC, Patrinos GP, Stathopoulos C. miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers and pharmacogenomic indicators in psychiatric disorders. Pharmacogenomics J 2022; 22:211-222. [PMID: 35725816 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-022-00283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders and the lack of reliable biomarkers for prediction and treatments follow-up pose difficulties towards recognition and understanding of the molecular basis of psychiatric diseases. However, several studies based on NGS approaches have shown that miRNAs could regulate gene expression during onset and disease progression and could serve as potential diagnostic and pharmacogenomics biomarkers during treatment. We provide herein a detailed overview of circulating miRNAs and their expression profiles as biomarkers in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder and their role in response to specific treatments. Bioinformatics analysis of miR-34a, miR-106, miR-134 and miR-132, which are common among SZ, BD and MDD patients, showed brain enrichment and involvement in the modulation of critical signaling pathways, which are often deregulated in psychiatric disorders. We propose that specific miRNAs support accurate diagnosis and effective precision treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christina I Kalogirou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Blagec K, Swen JJ, Koopmann R, Cheung KC, Crommentuijn-van Rhenen M, Holsappel I, Konta L, Ott S, Steinberger D, Xu H, Cecchin E, Dolžan V, Dávila-Fajardo CL, Patrinos GP, Sunder-Plassmann G, Turner RM, Pirmohamed M, Guchelaar HJ, Samwald M. Pharmacogenomics decision support in the U-PGx project: Results and advice from clinical implementation across seven European countries. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268534. [PMID: 35675343 PMCID: PMC9176797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics (PGx) could be one of the first milestones towards realizing personalized medicine in routine care. However, its widespread adoption requires the availability of suitable clinical decision support (CDS) systems, which is often impeded by the fragmentation or absence of adequate health IT infrastructures. We report results of CDS implementation in the large-scale European research project Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics (U-PGx), in which PGx CDS was rolled out and evaluated across more than 15 clinical sites in the Netherlands, Spain, Slovenia, Italy, Greece, United Kingdom and Austria, covering a wide variety of healthcare settings. Methods We evaluated the CDS implementation process through qualitative and quantitative process indicators. Quantitative indicators included statistics on generated PGx reports, median time from sampled upload until report delivery and statistics on report retrievals via the mobile-based CDS tool. Adoption of different CDS tools, uptake and usability were further investigated through a user survey among healthcare providers. Results of a risk assessment conducted prior to the implementation process were retrospectively analyzed and compared to actual encountered difficulties and their impact. Results As of March 2021, personalized PGx reports were produced from 6884 genotyped samples with a median delivery time of twenty minutes. Out of 131 invited healthcare providers, 65 completed the questionnaire (response rate: 49.6%). Overall satisfaction rates with the different CDS tools varied between 63.6% and 85.2% per tool. Delays in implementation were caused by challenges including institutional factors and complexities in the development of required tools and reference data resources, such as genotype-phenotype mappings. Conclusions We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a standardized PGx decision support solution in a multinational, multi-language and multi-center setting. Remaining challenges for future wide-scale roll-out include the harmonization of existing PGx information in guidelines and drug labels, the need for strategies to lower the barrier of PGx CDS adoption for healthcare institutions and providers, and easier compliance with regulatory and legal frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Blagec
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jesse J Swen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Koopmann
- Diagnosticum Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute for Human Genetics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ka-Chun Cheung
- Medicines Information Centre, Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association (KNMP), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Inge Holsappel
- Medicines Information Centre, Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association (KNMP), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Lidija Konta
- Diagnosticum Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Ott
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Steinberger
- Diagnosticum Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute for Human Genetics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cristina Lucía Dávila-Fajardo
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada (Ibs.Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Gere Sunder-Plassmann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard M Turner
- The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Samwald
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Therianou M, Gerou A, Mitropoulos K, Patrinos GP. Conference report: the Festival of Genetics and Personalized Medicine. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:509-511. [PMID: 35670264 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementation of personalized medicine in the clinic is a lengthy and multifaceted approach that is also dependent on the raising of the general public's awareness of genomics. The Festival of Genetics and Personalized Medicine aims to familiarize the general public with the principles and applications of genetics and personalized medicine using numerous approaches - namely, a theatrical performance; a roundtable discussion of emerging topics in the field, such as pharmacogenomics, clinical genetics, bioinformatics, bioethics and health economics; the 'Genome: Unlocking Life's Code' exhibition, with its do-it-yourself format; and a live demonstration of 2MoBiL, a portable molecular biology laboratory. This festival attracted more than 900 participants and helped disseminate to a broader audience the principles of genetics and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Therianou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Kumari P, Pradhan B, Koromina M, Patrinos GP, Steen KV. Discovery of new drug indications for COVID-19: A drug repurposing approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267095. [PMID: 35609015 PMCID: PMC9129022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation
The outbreak of coronavirus health issues caused by COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2) creates a global threat to public health. Therefore, there is a need for effective remedial measures using existing and approved therapies with proven safety measures has several advantages. Dexamethasone (Pubchem ID: CID0000005743), baricitinib(Pubchem ID: CID44205240), remdesivir (PubchemID: CID121304016) are three generic drugs that have demonstrated in-vitro high antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The present study aims to widen the search and explore the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of these potential drugs while looking for new drug indications with optimised benefits via in-silico research.
Method
Here, we designed a unique drug-similarity model to repurpose existing drugs against SARS-CoV-2, using the anti-Covid properties of dexamethasone, baricitinib, and remdesivir as references. Known chemical-chemical interactions of reference drugs help extract interactive compounds withimprovedanti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. Here, we calculated the likelihood of these drug compounds treating SARS-CoV-2 related symptoms using chemical-protein interactions between the interactive compounds of the reference drugs and SARS-CoV-2 target genes. In particular, we adopted a two-tier clustering approach to generate a drug similarity model for the final selection of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug molecules. Tier-1 clustering was based on t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and aimed to filter and discard outlier drugs. The tier-2 analysis incorporated two cluster analyses performed in parallel using Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure (OPTICS) and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC). As a result, itidentified clusters of drugs with similar actions. In addition, we carried out a docking study for in-silico validation of top candidate drugs.
Result
Our drug similarity model highlighted ten drugs, including reference drugs that can act as potential therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. The docking results suggested that doxorubicin showed the least binding energy compared to reference drugs. Their practical utility as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs, either individually or in combination, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kumari
- GIGA-R Medical Genomics - BIO3 Systems Genomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail: (PK); (KVS)
| | - Bikram Pradhan
- Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Headquarters, Bengaluru, India
| | - Maria Koromina
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Patras, Greece
| | - George P. Patrinos
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Patras, Greece
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Kristel Van Steen
- GIGA-R Medical Genomics - BIO3 Systems Genomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics - BIO3 Systems Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail: (PK); (KVS)
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Patrinos GP, Shuldiner AR. Pharmacogenomics: the low-hanging fruit in the personalized medicine tree. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1109-1111. [PMID: 35482087 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, University Campus, Rion, 265 04, Patras, Greece. .,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. .,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kambouris ME, Goudoudaki S, Kritikou S, Milioni A, Karamperis K, Giavasis I, Patrinos GP, Velegraki A, Manoussopoulos Y. Beyond the Microbiome: Germ-ganism? An Integrative Idea for Microbial Existence, Organization, Growth, Pathogenicity, and Therapeutics. OMICS 2022; 26:204-217. [PMID: 35255221 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The advances made by microbiome research call for new vocabulary and expansion of our thinking in microbiology. For example, the life-forms presenting in both unicellular and multicellular formats invite us to rethink microbial existence, organization, growth, pathogenicity, and therapeutics in the 21st century. A view of such populations as parts of single organisms with a loose, distributed multicellular organization, introduced here as a germ-ganism, rather than communities, might open up interesting prospects for diagnostics and therapeutics innovation. This study tested and further contextualized the concept of germ-ganism using solid cultures of bacteria and fungi. Based on our findings and the literature reviewed herein, we propose that germ-ganism has synergy with a systems medicine approach by broadening host-environment interactions from cells and microorganisms to a scale of biological ecosystems. Germ-ganism also brings about the possibility of studying the multilevel impacts of novel therapeutic agents within and across networks of microbial ecosystems. The germ-ganism would lend itself, in the long term, to a veritable biocybernetics system, while in the mid-term, we anticipate it will contribute to new diagnostics and therapeutics. Biosecurity applications would be immensely affected by germ-ganism. Industrial applications of germ-ganism are of interest as a more sustainable alternative to costly solutions such as tampered strains/microorganisms. In conclusion, germ-ganism is informed by lessons from microbiome research and invites rethinking microbial existence, organization, and growth as an organism. Germ-ganism has vast ramifications for understanding pathogenicity, and clinical, biosecurity, and biotechnology applications in the current historical moment of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manousos E Kambouris
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavroula Goudoudaki
- Plant Protection Division of Patras, Institute of Industrial and Forage Plants, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavroula Kritikou
- NCPF/UoA, Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aphroditi Milioni
- NCPF/UoA, Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kariofyllis Karamperis
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giavasis
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Aristea Velegraki
- NCPF/UoA, Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yiannis Manoussopoulos
- Plant Protection Division of Patras, Institute of Industrial and Forage Plants, Patras, Greece
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Pandi MT, Koromina M, Vonitsanos G, van der Spek PJ, Patrinos GP, Mitropoulou C. Development of an optimized and generic cost-utility model for analyzing genome-guided treatment data. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106187. [PMID: 35331864 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Economic evaluation is an integral component of informed public health decision-making in personalized medicine. However, performing economic evaluation assessments often requires specialized knowledge, expertise, and significant resources. To this end, developing generic models can significantly assist towards providing the necessary evidence for the cost-effectiveness of genome-guided therapeutic interventions, compared to the traditional drug treatment modalities. Here, we report a generic cost-utility analysis model, developed in R, which encompasses essential economic evaluation steps. Specifically, critical steps towards a comprehensive deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were incorporated in our model, while also providing an easy-to-use graphical user interface, which allows even non-experts in the field to produce a fully comprehensive cost-utility analysis report. To further demonstrate the model's reproducibility, two sets of data were assessed, one stemming from in-house clinical data and one based on previously published data. By implementing the generic model presented herein, we show that the model produces results in complete concordance with the traditionally performed cost-utility analysis for both datasets. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of generic models to provide useful economic evidence for personalized medicine interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Theodora Pandi
- Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Koromina
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Peter J van der Spek
- Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George P Patrinos
- Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Patras, Greece; United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Koufaki MI, Siamoglou S, Patrinos GP, Vasileiou K. Examining key factors impact on health science students' intentions to adopt genetic and pharmacogenomics testing: a comparative path analysis in two different healthcare settings. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:9. [PMID: 35287732 PMCID: PMC8919586 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest worldwide in investigating healthcare stakeholders' perceptions and intentions to adopt pharmacogenomics (PGx) into clinical practice. However, the existing inquiries based on well-established theories and models that interpret their intentions to implement PGx are scarce. This study is the first that examines the impact of selected factors on health science students' intention to adopt genetic testing applications using the technology acceptance model while it compares two different cultural groups: Greeks (Europe; Christian) and Malays (Asia; Muslim). RESULTS Malay students were more persuaded about benefits of genomics for drug management compared to their Greek counterparts. However, participants from both countries appear to be particularly convinced about the benefits of genomics on disease management. Moreover, students from both countries considered the potential misuse of genetic information by corporate or government bodies as their most important concern; Greek students appeared to be considerably less worried than Malay about other probable hazards such as the deficient protection of privacy and confidentiality, which could be attributed to their religious background. Participants from both samples expressed very positive attitudes towards genetic research and testing and their favourable intentions to adopt genetic testing for personal use. Exploratory factors analysis and path analysis yielded quite similar results for both samples. Path analysis revealed that the factors of attitudes, concerns, drug management benefits and disease management benefits significantly influenced students' intentions to adopt genetic testing for personal use, with attitudes being the most inspirational factor with rather high impact, while training did not seem to affect participant's intentions. The squared multiple correlation of both models was quite satisfactory reaching to 0.55 for the Malaysian sample. CONCLUSION Similarities in the results of the two groups along with the relevant validity and reliability tests indicate that the proposed model is a good fit for future studies to interpret stakeholders' intentions to adopt genetic testing. Therefore, it can provide a promising and reliable basis for future model development to explain the relationships between intentions to adopt genetic testing and its predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita-Ioanna Koufaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, University Campus, Rion, 265 04, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavroula Siamoglou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, University Campus, Rion, 265 04, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, University Campus, Rion, 265 04, Patras, Greece.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Konstantinos Vasileiou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, University Campus, Rion, 265 04, Patras, Greece.
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Anastassopoulou C, Hatziantoniou S, Boufidou F, Patrinos GP, Tsakris A. The Role of Oral Antivirals for COVID-19 Treatment in Shaping the Pandemic Landscape. J Pers Med 2022; 12:439. [PMID: 35330439 PMCID: PMC8953396 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were developed and made available in a record time, just over a year after the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Anastassopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Fotini Boufidou
- Neurochemistry and Biological Markers Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Siamoglou S, Koromina M, Hishinuma E, Yamazaki S, Tsermpini EE, Kordou Z, Fukunaga K, Chantratita W, Zhou Y, Lauschke V, Mushiroda T, Hiratsuka M, Patrinos GP. Identification and functional validation of novel pharmacogenomic variants using a next-generation sequencing-based approach for clinical pharmacogenomics. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106087. [PMID: 35033648 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics and drug response is heavily influenced by single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy-number variations (CNVs) in genes with importance for drug disposition. Nowadays, a plethora of studies implement next generation sequencing to capture rare and novel pharmacogenomic (PGx) variants that influence drug response. To address these issues, we present a comprehensive end-to-end analysis workflow, beginning from targeted PGx panel re-sequencing to in silico analysis pipelines and in vitro validation assays. Specifically, we show that novel pharmacogenetic missense variants that are predicted or putatively predicted to be functionally deleterious, significantly alter protein activity levels of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 proteins. We further demonstrate that variant priorization pipelines tailored with functional in vitro validation assays provide supporting evidence for the deleterious effect of novel PGx variants. The proposed workflow could provide the basis for integrating next-generation sequencing for PGx testing into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Siamoglou
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Koromina
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece
| | - Eiji Hishinuma
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuki Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Evangelia-Eirini Tsermpini
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece
| | - Zoe Kordou
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece
| | - Koya Fukunaga
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wasun Chantratita
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Taisei Mushiroda
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - George P Patrinos
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece; United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Forero DA, Curioso WH, Patrinos GP. The importance of adherence to international standards for depositing open data in public repositories. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:405. [PMID: 34727971 PMCID: PMC8561348 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an important global interest in Open Science, which include open data and methods, in addition to open access publications. It has been proposed that public availability of raw data increases the value and the possibility of confirmation of scientific findings, in addition to the potential of reducing research waste. Availability of raw data in open repositories facilitates the adequate development of meta-analysis and the cumulative evaluation of evidence for specific topics. In this commentary, we discuss key elements about data sharing in open repositories and we invite researchers around the world to deposit their data in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Professional Program in Respiratory Therapy, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Walter H Curioso
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Continental, Lima, Peru
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
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Rahma AT, Elbarazi I, Ali BR, Patrinos GP, Ahmed LA, Elsheik M, Al-Maskari F. Development of the pharmacogenomics and genomics literacy framework for pharmacists. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:62. [PMID: 34656176 PMCID: PMC8520199 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacists play a unique role in integrating genomic medicine and pharmacogenomics into the clinical practice and to translate pharmacogenomics from bench to bedside. However, the literature suggests that the knowledge gap in pharmacogenomics is a major challenge; therefore, developing pharmacists' skills and literacy to achieve this anticipated role is highly important. We aim to conceptualize a personalized literacy framework for the adoption of genomic medicine and pharmacogenomics by pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates with possible regional and global relevance. RESULTS A qualitative approach using focus groups was used to design and to guide the development of a pharmacogenomics literacy framework. The Health Literacy Skills framework was used as a guide to conceptualize the pharmacogenomics literacy for pharmacists. The framework included six major components with specific suggested factors to improve pharmacists' pharmacogenomics literacy. Major components include individual inputs, demand, skills, knowledge, attitude and sociocultural factors. CONCLUSION This framework confirms a holistic bottom-up approach toward the implementation of pharmacogenomics. Personalized medicine entails personalized efforts and frameworks. Similar framework can be created for other healthcare providers, patients and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar T Rahma
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Luai A Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mahanna Elsheik
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fatma Al-Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE. .,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Patrinos GP, Mitropoulou C. Horizon Scanning: Teaching Genomics and Personalized Medicine in the Digital Age. OMICS 2021; 26:101-105. [PMID: 34648717 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Digital transformation is currently impacting not only health care but also education curricula for medicine and life sciences. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the deployment of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence in diverse fields of biomedicine. Genomics and related fields of inquiry such as pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine have been making important progress over the past decades. However, the genomics knowledge of health care professionals and other stakeholders in society is not commensurate with the current state of progress in these scientific fields. The rise of digital health offers unprecedented opportunities both for health care professionals and the general public to expand their genomics literacy and education. This expert review offers an analysis of the bottlenecks that affect and issues that need to be addressed to catalyze genomics and personalized medicine education in the digital era. In addition, we summarize and critically discuss the various educational and awareness opportunities that presently exist to catalyze the delivery of genomics knowledge in ways closely attuned to the emerging field of digital health.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
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48
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Koufaki MI, Karamperis K, Vitsa P, Vasileiou K, Patrinos GP, Mitropoulou C. Adoption of Pharmacogenomic Testing: A Marketing Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724311. [PMID: 34603034 PMCID: PMC8484788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is becoming an important part of clinical practice and it is considered one of the basic pillars of personalised medicine. However, the rate of pharmacogenomics adoption is still low in many healthcare systems, especially in low- or middle-income countries. The low level of awareness of healthcare specialists could be a potential reason due to which pharmacogenomics application is still in a premature stage but there are several other barriers that impede the aforementioned process, including the lack of the proper promotion of pharmacogenomic testing among interested stakeholders, such as healthcare professionals and biomedical scientists. In this study, we outline the available marketing theories and innovation that are applied to personalized medicine interventions that would catalyze the adoption of pharmacogenomic testing services in clinical practice. We also present the current ethical and legal framework about genomic data and propose ways to tackle the main concerns mentioned in the literature and to improve the marketing perspective of PGx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita-Ioanna Koufaki
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece
| | - Kariofyllis Karamperis
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece.,The Golden Helix Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Polixeni Vitsa
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vasileiou
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece.,United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Patrinos GP, Chui DHK, Hardison RC, Steinberg MH. Strategies to improve pharmacogenomic-guided treatment options for patients with β-hemoglobinopathies. Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:883-885. [PMID: 34490838 PMCID: PMC9306350 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1977117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug efficacy and toxicity are closely related to the unique genetic profile of individuals, or pharmacogenomics. Despite the fact that cardiology, psychiatry and oncology are among the clinical specialties in which pharmacogenomics has become a clinical reality, the utility of pharmacogenomics has yet to be demonstrated for several other medical specialties. Over the last 15 years, genomic variants in a number of loci have been shown to be significantly associated with the fetal hemoglobin (HbF) response to hydroxyurea, the only approved drug for HbF induction for sickle cell disease. Here, we provide an update and discuss future challenges to the application of pharmacogenomics to improve therapies for β-hemoglobinopathies in relation to the current pharmacological treatment modalities for those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P. Patrinos
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece
- United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Al-Ain, UAE
- United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center of Health Sciences, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - David H. K. Chui
- Boston University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ross C. Hardison
- The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University Park, PA, USA
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Martin H. Steinberg
- Boston University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Koromina M, Pandi MT, van der Spek PJ, Patrinos GP, Lauschke VM. The ethnogeographic variability of genetic factors underlying G6PD deficiency. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105904. [PMID: 34551338 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency caused by genetic variants in the G6PD gene, constitutes the most common enzymopathy worldwide, affecting approximately 5% of the global population. While carriers are mostly asymptomatic, they are at substantial risk of acute hemolytic anemia upon certain infections or exposure to various medications. As such, information about G6PD activity status in a given patient can constitute an important parameter to guide clinical decision-making. Here, we leveraged whole genome sequencing data from 142,069 unrelated individuals across seven human populations to provide a global comprehensive map of G6PD variability. By integrating established functional classifications with stringent computational predictions using 13 partly orthogonal algorithms for uncharacterized and novel variants, we reveal the large extent of ethnogeographic variability in G6PD deficiency and highlight its population-specific genetic composition. Overall, estimated disease prevalence in males ranged between 12.2% in Africans, 2.7-3.5% across Asia and 2.1% in Middle Easterners to < 0.3% in Europeans, Finnish and Amish. In Africans, the major deficient alleles were A-202A/376 G (minor allele frequency 11.6%) and A-968 C/376 G (0.5%). In contrast, G6PD deficiency in Middle Easterners was primarily due to the Mediterranean allele (1.3%) and the population-specific Cairo variant (0.4%). In South Asia, the most prevalent deficient alleles were Mediterranean (1.7%), Kerala (1.1%), Gond (0.9%) and Orissa (0.2%), whereas in East Asian populations the Canton (1.1%), Kaiping (0.7%) and Viangchan (0.3%) variants were predominant. Combined, our analyses provide a large dataset of G6PD variability across major ethnogeographic groups and can instruct population-specific genotyping strategies to optimize genetically guided therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koromina
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece; The Golden Helix Foundation, London, UK
| | - Maria Theodora Pandi
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece; Erasmus University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Bioinformatics Unit, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Bioinformatics Unit, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - George P Patrinos
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece; United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Al-Ain, UAE; United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center of Health Sciences, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
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