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Della Rosa G, Gostynska NE, Ephraim JW, Sganga S, Panuccio G, Palazzolo G, Tirelli N. Magnesium alginate as a low-viscosity (intramolecularly cross-linked) system for the sustained and neuroprotective release of magnesium. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121871. [PMID: 38388038 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The administration of Mg ions is advantageous in pathological scenarios such as pre-enclampsia and forms of neuroinflammation (e.g. stroke or injury); yet, few systems exist for their sustained delivery. Here, we present the (static light scattering and diffusing-wave spectroscopy) characterization of magnesium alginate (MgAlg) as a potentially injectable vehicle ifor the delivery of Mg. Differently from other divalent cations, Mg does not readily induce gelation: it acts within MgAlg coils, making them more rigid and less prone to entangle. As a result, below a threshold concentration (notionally below 0.5 % wt.) MgAlg are inherently less viscous than those of sodium alginate (NaAlg), which is a major advantage for injectables; at higher concentrations, however, (stable, Mg-based) aggregation starts occurring. Importantly, Mg can then be released e.g. in artificial cerebrospinal fluid, via a slow (hours) process of ion exchange. Finally, we here show that MgAlg protects rat neural stem cells from the consequence of an oxidative insult (100 μM H2O2), an effect that we can only ascribe to the sustained liberation of Mg ions, since it was not shown by NaAlg, MgSO4 or the NaAlg/MgSO4 combination. Our results therefore indicate that MgAlg is a promising vehicle for Mg delivery under pathological (inflammatory) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Della Rosa
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Natalia Ewa Gostynska
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - John Wesley Ephraim
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Sganga
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Panuccio
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Gemma Palazzolo
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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Di Buduo CA, Lunghi M, Kuzmenko V, Laurent P, Della Rosa G, Del Fante C, Dalle Nogare DE, Jug F, Perotti C, Eto K, Pecci A, Redwan IN, Balduini A. Bioprinting Soft 3D Models of Hematopoiesis using Natural Silk Fibroin-Based Bioink Efficiently Supports Platelet Differentiation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2308276. [PMID: 38514919 PMCID: PMC11095152 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) continuously generate platelets throughout one's life. Inherited Platelet Disorders affect ≈ 3 million individuals worldwide and are characterized by defects in platelet formation or function. A critical challenge in the identification of these diseases lies in the absence of models that facilitate the study of hematopoiesis ex vivo. Here, a silk fibroin-based bioink is developed and designed for 3D bioprinting. This bioink replicates a soft and biomimetic environment, enabling the controlled differentiation of HSPCs into platelets. The formulation consisting of silk fibroin, gelatin, and alginate is fine-tuned to obtain a viscoelastic, shear-thinning, thixotropic bioink with the remarkable ability to rapidly recover after bioprinting and provide structural integrity and mechanical stability over long-term culture. Optical transparency allowed for high-resolution imaging of platelet generation, while the incorporation of enzymatic sensors allowed quantitative analysis of glycolytic metabolism during differentiation that is represented through measurable color changes. Bioprinting patient samples revealed a decrease in metabolic activity and platelet production in Inherited Platelet Disorders. These discoveries are instrumental in establishing reference ranges for classification and automating the assessment of treatment responses. This model has far-reaching implications for application in the research of blood-related diseases, prioritizing drug development strategies, and tailoring personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Lunghi
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPavia27100Italy
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion ServiceI.R.C.C.S. Policlinico S. Matteo FoundationPavia27100Italy
| | | | | | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion ServiceI.R.C.C.S. Policlinico S. Matteo FoundationPavia27100Italy
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Clinical ApplicationCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8507Japan
- Department of Regenerative MedicineGraduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChiba260‐8670Japan
| | - Alessandro Pecci
- Department of Internal MedicineI.R.C.C.S. Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation and University of PaviaPavia27100Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPavia27100Italy
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
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Della Rosa G, Di Buduo CA, Balduini A. Unraveling the hormonal pathway to megakaryocyte well-being. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3078-3081. [PMID: 37858524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.
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Della Rosa G, Di Corato R, Carpi S, Polini B, Taurino A, Tedeschi L, Nieri P, Rinaldi R, Aloisi A. Tailoring of silica-based nanoporous pod by spermidine multi-activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21142. [PMID: 33273530 PMCID: PMC7712788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous in nature, polyamines (PAs) are a class of low-molecular aliphatic amines critically involved in cell growth, survival and differentiation. The polycation behavior is validated as a successful strategy in delivery systems to enhance oligonucleotide loading and cellular uptake. In this study, the chemical features and the functional roles of the PA spermidine are synergistically exploited in the synthesis and bioactive functionalization of SiO2-based structures. Inspired by biosilicification, the role of spermidine is assessed both as catalyst and template in a biomimetic one-pot synthesis of dense silica-based particles (SPs) and as a competitive agent in an interfacial reassembly strategy, to empty out SPs and generate spermidine-decorated hollow silica nanoporous pods (spd-SNPs). Spermidine bioactivity is then employed for targeting tumor cell over-expressed polyamine transport system (PTS) and for effective delivery of functional miRNA into melanoma cells. Spermidine decoration promotes spd-SNP cell internalization mediated by PTS and along with hollow structure enhances oligonucleotide loading. Accordingly, the functional delivery of the tumor suppressor miR-34a 3p resulted in intracellular accumulation of histone-complexed DNA fragments associated with apoptosis. Overall, the results highlight the potential of spd-SNP as a multi-agent anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Della Rosa
- Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi" Department, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies (NBT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Corato
- Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi" Department, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies (CBN), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Barsanti, Arnesano, 73010, Lecce, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Farmacologia Marina, MARine PHARMA Center, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonietta Taurino
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorena Tedeschi
- Oligonucleotides Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Via Moruzzi, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Farmacologia Marina, MARine PHARMA Center, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi" Department, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- ISUFI, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aloisi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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Piscitelli P, Marino I, Falco A, Rivezzi M, Neglia C, Della Rosa G, Militerno G, Bonifacino A, Rivezzi G, Romizi R, Miserotti G, Montella M, Bianchi F, Marinelli A, De Donno A, De Filippis G, Serravezza G, Di Tanna G, Gennaro V, Ascolese M, Distante A, Burgio E, Colao A. Reply to the Letter of Terracini B. et al. "Comment on Piscitelli et al. Hospitalizations in Pediatric and Adult Patients for All Cancer Type in Italy: The EPIKIT Study under the E.U. COHEIRS Project on Environment and Health". Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 495. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14111291. [PMID: 29068388 PMCID: PMC5707930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A letter to the IJERPH Editor was submitted by Terracini B. et al. as a comment to our latest paper "Hospitalizations in Pediatric and Adult Patients for all Cancer Type in Italy:[...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisco Piscitelli
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, Via Reali di Bulgaria, Mesagne, 72023 Brindisi, Italy.
| | - Immacolata Marino
- Department of Economics and Statistics and CSEF, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Andrea Falco
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, Via Reali di Bulgaria, Mesagne, 72023 Brindisi, Italy.
| | - Matteo Rivezzi
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, Via Reali di Bulgaria, Mesagne, 72023 Brindisi, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Neglia
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, Via Reali di Bulgaria, Mesagne, 72023 Brindisi, Italy.
| | - Giulia Della Rosa
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, Via Reali di Bulgaria, Mesagne, 72023 Brindisi, Italy.
| | | | | | - Gaetano Rivezzi
- Division of Neonatology, St. Anna & St. Sebastiano Hospital, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | | | | | - Maurizio Montella
- IRCCS G. Pascale Foundation, National Cancer Institute, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Marinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples (SUN), 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Mario Ascolese
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Salerno University Hospital "Ruggi D'Aragona", 84100 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Distante
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, Via Reali di Bulgaria, Mesagne, 72023 Brindisi, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Burgio
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 21004 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Piscitelli P, Marino I, Falco A, Rivezzi M, Romano R, Mazzella R, Neglia C, Della Rosa G, Pellerano G, Militerno G, Bonifacino A, Rivezzi G, Romizi R, Miserotti G, Montella M, Bianchi F, Marinelli A, De Donno A, De Filippis G, Serravezza G, Di Tanna G, Black D, Gennaro V, Ascolese M, Distante A, Burgio E, Crespi M, Colao A. Hospitalizations in Pediatric and Adult Patients for All Cancer Type in Italy: The EPIKIT Study under the E.U. COHEIRS Project on Environment and Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14050495. [PMID: 28486413 PMCID: PMC5451946 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cancer Registries (CRs) remain the gold standard for providing official epidemiological estimations. However, due to CRs’ partial population coverage, hospitalization records might represent a valuable tool to provide additional information on cancer occurrence and expenditures at national/regional level for research purposes. The Epidemiology of Cancer in Italy (EPIKIT) study group has been built up, within the framework of the Civic Observers for Health and Environment: Initiative of Responsibility and Sustainability (COHEIRS) project under the auspices of the Europe for Citizens Program, to assess population health indicators. Objective: To assess the burden of all cancers in Italian children and adults. Methods: We analyzed National Hospitalization Records from 2001 to 2011. Based on social security numbers (anonymously treated), we have excluded from our analyses all re-hospitalizations of the same patients (n = 1,878,109) over the entire 11-year period in order to minimize the overlap between prevalent and incident cancer cases. To be more conservative, only data concerning the last five years (2007–2011) have been taken into account for final analyses. The absolute number of hospitalizations and standardized hospitalization rates (SHR) were computed for each Italian province by sex and age-groups (0–19 and 20–49). Results: The EPIKIT database included a total of 4,113,169 first hospital admissions due to main diagnoses of all tumors. The annual average number of hospital admissions due to cancer in Italy has been computed in 2362 and 43,141 hospitalizations in pediatric patients (0–19 years old) and adults (20–49 years old), respectively. Women accounted for the majority of cancer cases in adults aged 20–49. As expected, the big city of Rome presented the highest average annual number of pediatric cancers (n = 392, SHR = 9.9), followed by Naples (n = 378; SHR = 9.9) and Milan (n = 212; SHR = 7.3). However, when we look at SHR, minor cities (i.e., Imperia, Isernia and others) presented values >10 per 100,000, with only 10 or 20 cases per year. Similar figures are shown also for young adults aged 20–49. Conclusions: In addition to SHR, the absolute number of incident cancer cases represents a crucial piece of information for planning adequate healthcare services and assessing social alarm phenomena. Our findings call for specific risk assessment programs at local level (involving CRs) to search for causal relations with environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisco Piscitelli
- Medicina Futura Research, Southern Italy Hospital Institute (IOS), Centro Direzionale, Isola E3, Palazzo Avalon, 80143 Naples, Italy.
| | - Immacolata Marino
- Department of Economics and Statistics and CSEF, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Andrea Falco
- Medicina Futura Research, Southern Italy Hospital Institute (IOS), Centro Direzionale, Isola E3, Palazzo Avalon, 80143 Naples, Italy.
| | - Matteo Rivezzi
- Medicina Futura Research, Southern Italy Hospital Institute (IOS), Centro Direzionale, Isola E3, Palazzo Avalon, 80143 Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberto Romano
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, 72023 Mesagne (Brindisi), Italy.
| | - Restituta Mazzella
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, 72023 Mesagne (Brindisi), Italy.
| | - Cosimo Neglia
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, 72023 Mesagne (Brindisi), Italy.
| | - Giulia Della Rosa
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, 72023 Mesagne (Brindisi), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pellerano
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, 72023 Mesagne (Brindisi), Italy.
| | | | | | - Gaetano Rivezzi
- Division of Neonatology, St. Anna & St. Sebastiano Hospital, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | | | | | - Maurizio Montella
- IRCCS G. Pascale Foundation, National Cancer Institute, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Marinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples (SUN), 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | | | | | - Gianluca Di Tanna
- Centre of Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London E14NS, UK.
| | - Dennis Black
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Valerio Gennaro
- National Cancer Institute IRCCS San Martino, 16121 Genova, Italy.
| | - Mario Ascolese
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Salerno University Hospital "Ruggi D'Aragona", 84100 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Distante
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Bio-Medical Institute, ISBEM, 72023 Mesagne (Brindisi), Italy.
| | - Ernesto Burgio
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 21004 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | | | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Piscitelli P, Neglia C, Falco A, Rivezzi M, Agnello N, Argentiero A, Chitano G, Distante C, Della Rosa G, Vinci G, De Donno A, Distante A, Romanini A. Melanoma in the Italian Population and Regional Environmental Influences: A National Retrospective Survey on 2001-2008 Hospitalization Records. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:9102-18. [PMID: 26251915 PMCID: PMC4555267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120809102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the burden of regional environmental factors influencing the incidence of Melanoma in the Italian population and overcome the problem of partial population coverage by local cancer registries and thematic archives. METHODS We analyzed the Italian national hospitalization records from 2001 to 2008 provided by the Ministry of Health, excluding hospital re-admissions of the same patients, in order to assess the occurrence of Melanoma over a 8-year period. Data were presented by age groups (absolute number of cases from 20 to ≥80 years old) and per Region (rates per 100,000 inhabitants) for each year. RESULTS The overall number of new hospitalizations due to malignant Melanoma increased by 16.8% from 2001 (n = 4846) to 2008 (n = 5823), with the rate per 100,000 inhabitants passing from 10.5 to almost 12.0 at a national level. The majority of new diagnoses of malignant Melanoma was observed in two age groups: 61-70 years old (from 979 in 2001 up to 2109 in 2008, corresponding to 15.1 and 18.1 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively) and 71-80 years old (from 954 in 2001 up to 1141 in 2008, corresponding to 19.5 and 21.8 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively). The number of hospitalizations due to Melanoma increased in all age groups with the only exception of the youngest patients aged 20-30 years old. The highest increases over the 8-year period were observed in people aged ≥81 years old (+34%), 61-70 years old (+20%) and surprisingly in the age group 31-40 years old (+17%). Southern Regions showed lower hospitalization rates compared to Northern Italy and Region Lazio. The highest increases between 2001 and 2008 were observed in Trentino/Alto Adige, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Valla d'Aosta and Veneto Region. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalizations due to malignant Melanoma in Italy seem to be influenced by environmental or population-related factors showing a decreasing incidence rate from the Northern to Southern Regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisco Piscitelli
- Southern Italy Hospital Institute, IOS/Coleman Ltd., Naples 80100, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Neglia
- Euro Mediterranean Biomedical Scientific Institute, Brindisi 72100, Italy.
| | - Andrea Falco
- Southern Italy Hospital Institute, IOS/Coleman Ltd., Naples 80100, Italy.
| | - Matteo Rivezzi
- Southern Italy Hospital Institute, IOS/Coleman Ltd., Naples 80100, Italy.
| | - Nadia Agnello
- Euro Mediterranean Biomedical Scientific Institute, Brindisi 72100, Italy.
| | - Alberto Argentiero
- Euro Mediterranean Biomedical Scientific Institute, Brindisi 72100, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Chitano
- Euro Mediterranean Biomedical Scientific Institute, Brindisi 72100, Italy.
| | - Chiara Distante
- Euro Mediterranean Biomedical Scientific Institute, Brindisi 72100, Italy.
| | - Giulia Della Rosa
- Euro Mediterranean Biomedical Scientific Institute, Brindisi 72100, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Vinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples 80132, Italy.
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Science, Biotechnology and Environment (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
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Mazza A, Piscitelli P, Neglia C, Della Rosa G, Iannuzzi L. Illegal Dumping of Toxic Waste and Its Effect on Human Health in Campania, Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:6818-31. [PMID: 26086704 PMCID: PMC4483732 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120606818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The region of Campania (particularly Naples and Caserta) has experienced an emergency in the waste management cycle during past years. Although the most critical phase has been overcome after the construction of the incineration plant in Acerra (an old-fashioned technology built up over a few months, whose impact on environment and health has not yet been assessed), most of the underlying problems have not been resolved. The illegal burning of wheels, plastics, textiles, and other industrial residuals, along with the detection of two thousand toxic substance dumping sites, still represents major concerns of environmental pollution and population health. This review summarizes the most relevant studies, which analyzed chemical contamination (primarily dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) of the air, soil, water, animals, and humans in Campania. In addition, we reviewed information on population health (i.e., mortality data, congenital malformations, and cancer incidence). Moving from a detailed mapping of (mostly illegal) waste dumping sites in Campania, we have focused on recent studies which have found: (a) high concentrations of dioxins (≥5.0 pg TEQ/g fat) in milk samples from sheep, cows, and river buffaloes; (b) remarkable contamination of dioxin and PCBs in human milk samples from those living in the Naples and Caserta areas (PCDDs+PCDFs and dioxin-like-PCBs (dl-PCBs) assessed at 16.6 pg TEQ/g of fat; range: 7.5-43 pg/g of fat); (c) potential age-adjusted standardized mortality rates associated with some specific cancer types; (d) a statistically significant association between exposure to illegal toxic waste dumping sites and cancer mortality, even after adjustment by socio-economic factors and other environmental indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Mazza
- General Hospital Sarno, Local Health Authority ASL Salerno, 84087 Sarno, Italy.
- National Research Council (CNR), ISPAAM, 80100 Naples, Italy.
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- Southern Italy Hospital Institute, 80100 Naples, Italy.
- Coleman Ltd., 80100 Naples, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Neglia
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Biomedical Institute, 72100 Brindisi, Italy.
| | - Giulia Della Rosa
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Biomedical Institute, 72100 Brindisi, Italy.
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Rosa GD, Iommelli R, La Rotonda MI, Miro A, Quaglia F. Influence of the co-encapsulation of different non-ionic surfactants on the properties of PLGA insulin-loaded microspheres. J Control Release 2000; 69:283-95. [PMID: 11064135 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to produce insulin-loaded microspheres allowing the preservation of peptide stability during both particle processing and insulin release. Our strategy was to combine the concepts of using surfactants to improve insulin stability while optimising overall microsphere characteristics such as size, morphology, peptide loading and release. Bovine insulin was encapsulated within poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA 50:50, Resomer RG504H) microspheres by the multiple emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Microspheres were prepared by adding to the primary emulsion three non-ionic surfactants, poloxamer 188, polysorbate 20 and sorbitan monooleate 80, at different concentrations (1.5 and 3. 0% w/v). The presence of surfactants was found to decrease the mean diameter and to affect the morphology of the microspheres. Insulin encapsulation efficiency was reduced in the presence of surfactants and especially for sorbitan monooleate 80, in a concentration-dependent mode. The influence of the surfactants on the interactions between insulin and PLGA together with the primary emulsion stability were found to be the major determinants of insulin encapsulation. The release of insulin from microspheres was biphasic, showing an initial burst effect followed by a near zero-order release for all the batches prepared. The initial burst was related to the presence of insulin molecules located onto or near to the microsphere surface. In the presence of surfactants, a faster insulin release with respect to microspheres encapsulating insulin alone was observed. Insulin stability within microspheres after processing, storage and release was evaluated by reversed phase- and size-exclusion-HPLC. The analysis of microsphere content after processing and 6 months of storage showed that insulin did not undergo any chemical modification within microspheres. On the contrary, during the period of sustained release insulin was transformed in a high-molecular weight product, the amount of which was related to the surfactant used. In conclusion, polysorbate 20 at 3% w/v concentration was the most effective in giving regular shaped particles with both good insulin loading and slow release, and limiting insulin modification within microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II - Via Domenico Montesano 49-80131 Napoli, Italy
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